All language subtitles for The.Proof.Is.Out.There.S04E18.Chupacabra.Carcass.Alien.Minerals.and.Spawn.of.Nessie.1080p.HULU.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H.264-RAWR_track3_[eng]

Tonight on "The
Proof is Out There".

What's hidden in the
Brazilian UFO files?

This is one of the most
credible series of photos

that have ever been taken.

What's
this creature found

by the road in Texas?

Could this prove that
the Chupacabra is real?

What can
this meteorite tell us

about alien civilizations?

It contains minerals

that have never
been seen on Earth.

And what's going
on with these baby Nessies?

If the Loch Ness
monster actually exists,

it's gotta have babies, right?

Around the
globe are videos...

What
are those things?

It's moving.

Photos and sounds
that defy explanation.

We don't
know where they come from,

who made them, or
how they operate.

What are they?

Some
sort of bizarre mutation.

What's exciting
is nobody really knows.

Extraordinary claims
need extraordinary proof.

I'm Tony Harris,

and as a journalist
for more than 30 years,

I've followed the facts
where they take me.

Now I'm bringing that
spirit of investigation

to the world's strangest
sounds and images.

We'll analyze each
one with top experts.

It's a credible case,
it's a credible video.

And pass a
verdict on what it is.

This video was clearly faked.

The proof starts now.

Good evening and welcome to
"The Proof is Out There".

At over 70 years old, this
first story is an oldie,

but a very goodie.

These images out of
Brazil have been called

the most sensational sequence

of flying saucer
photos ever seen,

and you're about to
see them right here.

May, 1952, Jo ão Martins,

a journalist from Brazilian
weekly magazine, "O Cruzeiro",

and his photographer Ed Keffel,
are on a routine assignment

to the Barra Da Tijuca,
near Rio de Janeiro.

In the late afternoon,

Martins spots what he
thinks is an airplane

traveling at great speed,

but upon further inspection,

he realizes it was actually
no airplane at all.

Martins screams, "Shoot
it!" And so Keffel does.

What they capture is astounding.

A saucer shaped disc flying
through the sky at great speed.

They describe the object
as blue-gray in color,

and completely silent.

Careful inspection of
these historic photos

seems to reveal the object
has three distinct layers.

A flat disc on the outside,
a raised rim in the middle,

and a small bump
on the top center.

Keffel is also able
to photograph the

bottom of the craft,
which appears flat

except for a raised
ring around the center.

The stunned men continue
shooting for a full 60 seconds

before the object
speeds out of sight,

cementing its place
in UFO history.

According to journalist
Eric Grundhauser,

when the reports are
published in "O Cruzeiro",

they create a firestorm.

Issues just flew
off the shelves.

It created a UFO
craze in Brazil.

People still
reference these photos

as some of the most
credible evidence

of extraterrestrial visitation.

The photos
get the attention

not only of the public,
but the Brazilian military,

which launches an
immediate investigation.

The Brazilian Air
Force determined

that they were in fact, genuine.

One Brazilian investigator
has even called them

the most sensational
sequence of photos

of an extra
terrestrial ever seen.

The "O Cruzeiro" photos
are so groundbreaking,

they set off decades of
Brazilian UFO sightings,

many investigated with zeal
by the Brazilian Air Force.

70 years ago, these photos
may have been credible enough

to make the Brazilian
Air Force take notice,

but can they stand up
to modern scrutiny?

Our experts are on the case.

Some have speculated the disc
could have been superimposed

on the background
using double exposure,

where the same frame
of film is exposed

to two separate images without
advancing the film roll.

But astrophotographer
Andrew McCarthy says

the sharpness of these
images kills that theory.

I'm not seeing any kind
of ghosting in this image,

which would be very common
from a double exposure.

This is also a very
high contrast image,

which also suggests that
it's not a double exposure

because the item in the
sky would be washed out

by that relatively bright sky.

So I think this was captured
with a single photograph.

So could it
just be a model saucer

tossed in the air for the photo?

It's hard to say for sure,

because generally, you'd see
a little bit more motion blur

with an object that was thrown

moments before the
photo was being taken.

A fast exposure speed

could correct for motion blur,
but according to McCarthy,

the deep depth of
field in these photos

gives us critical info.

The focal ratio used
for the shot was F2.A.

That actually lets
a lot of light in,

so they're able to
shorten the exposures,

so they would be able to reduce
motion blur significantly.

However, it's actually
really hard to get an object

that's in focus both
close to your camera

and far away, like
the landscape.

So I think what we're looking at

is actually much further
away from the observer

than any disc that
could have been thrown.

So if it's
not double exposure

and it's not a model
thrown in the air,

does that mean these
photos are legit?

McCarthy would say not
so fast in Portuguese,

if he spoke Portuguese.

You can see the craft
appears to be illuminated

from the left and
behind the observer.

However, when you
look at the trees,

they appear to be
illuminated from the right,

so the shadows are actually
inconsistent in this image.

Rich Hoffman of
the scientific coalition

for Ufology has his own theory
on the shadows in the images.

I don't think the shadow
issue that was raised

is a concern.

Hoffman insists the
shadows thrown in the tree line

can't be compared
to the shadowing

in the clear air
above the mountain.

The things that are
up above that tree line

are gonna catch the sun

that are not being
exposed by the shadow

from the tree on the left side.

But McCarthy
sticks to his guns.

In the days before Photoshop,
film was actually doctored

through a technique
called airbrush.

They were essentially
drawing directly on the film.

In this case, they
could have very easily

drawn on these elements.

That may be what
we're looking at here.

Our verdict?

We are going to call it
an even split for now.

Hoffman says genuine
UFO, McCarthy says hoax,

and we are left uncertain,

especially with the shady
status of the lighting.

But even if it is a hoax,
if this incident inspired

a whole new field
of study in Brazil,

then perhaps some hoaxes
do some good after all.

Now, let's head to Texas,

and one of the lone star
state's most enduring legends.

The Chupacabra may
be relatively young,

having first been
reported in 1995,

but sightings have
been widely noted

across the southwest ever since.

Could this next
story finally prove

the creature's existence?

May 19th, 2011, in
San Antonio, Texas,

a sanitation worker is called
to pick up a deceased animal

on the side of Highway 181,

and when he arrives,
he finds this.

The creature appears
to be hairless

and has sharp savage teeth.

Its gray skin and
a human-like fist

make this creature unknown
to the sanitation worker.

Upon further examination, he
discovers three inch claws

and an opposable thumb.

A thumb?

Check out the toes.

The creature shares a
similar human type foot.

Field researcher Ken Gerhard

believes that we could be
looking at real evidence

of the infamous small
vampire-like creature

known as the Chupacabra,

a predatory animal
first described

in Puerto Rico in 1995.

Livestock began to die
in a very mysterious way

and were being found
drained of their blood.

And shortly thereafter,

there were sightings of a
strange creature on the island,

described as being about
three to five feet tall,

scaly body, giant eyes,
long fangs and claws.

Chupacabra was such a
big deal in Puerto Rico

that the government
actually became involved

and formed vigilance
committees and possies

in an attempt to find and
hunt down this strange animal.

Allegedly,
this Chupacabra

is similar to a vampire.

It comes in the night and
survives on sucking the blood

from livestock
and other animals.

One researcher has speculated

that these Chupacabra animals

are actually feeding on the
blood because they crave iron

and perhaps they are
mineral deficient.

Gerhard
says the Chupacabra

eventually migrated to
the American southwest.

At least the legend did.

The first American Chupacabras
were reported in Texas

in the year 2005,

and specifically right here
where this thing was found

near the town of Elmendorf
in southern San Antonio.

In 2010, in Jack County, Texas,

a woman named Stacia Henderson

was actually bitten by one
of these Chupacabra animals

and had to be rushed
to the hospital.

Could there be a relationship
between this mysterious animal

that we see in this photo and
the other Texas Chupacabras?

As of April 23rd, 2023, six
cows have been found mutilated

along the stretch of
highway in San Antonio.

The tongue was completely
removed from each one,

with no blood spilled.

Could those killings be
the work of a Chupacabra?

As police investigate,
we turn to our experts.

Anthropologist Kathy
Strain discusses

the problematic diet
of a potential Chupacabra.

Historically, the Chupacabra

has been blamed for
quite a few cattle

that have been bled to death,

but no blood found in the area,

and no meat was removed
from an any of the animals.

Chupacabras are supposedly
much larger than a dog

and a little bit
smaller than a wolf,

and it would need more
nutrition to survive

than just the
blood of an animal.

And while
Strain isn't a believer

in the Chupacabra legend,

she's still not exactly
sure what we're looking at.

What you're seeing here
is very small and has hands,

that rules out a
canine-type species.

The strange thing
about this is the paws.

They don't have a
typical canine paw,

with padding and
then smaller toes,

they appear to have longer

almost kind of
finger-like appendages.

There's very few animals that
have paws that look like that.

Raccoons that have,
quote unquote, hands,

they have more finger-like
paws than dogs and cats do.

So
potentially, a raccoon.

But then why is it hairless?

This animal looks really thin.

It's possible that it
could have had mange,

which is a type of mite
that burrows into the skin

and it can affect its health

and it can become malnourished
and lose their fur.

But hang on,
wildlife biologist Floyd Hayes

doesn't believe what we are
looking at is a raccoon.

When we look up
closely at the paw,

we could see there's four
relatively small digits here,

and a fifth opposing digit.

A raccoon has five relatively
long and thin digits

that are pointing forward
without an opposing digit.

There are not very
many species of animals

that have an opposing
digit like this one,

but the opossum does.

So I believe this is
a Virginia opossum.

The Virginia opossum is
the only marsupial mammal

that lives in North America.

It occurs throughout
much of the USA

and it's very common in Texas,

and it's also similar
in size to a raccoon.

Our verdict?

Our experts disagree
on what the animal is,

but they do agree it's a
mammal that died of mange.

If we see more
compelling stories

about the notorious Chupacabra,
we'll bring them your way.

For at least five
generations,

a mysterious landmark has
baffled and inspired people

in one East African nation.

Now it's finally been
analyzed scientifically,

and researchers have
discovered something

that is literally
out of this world.

In September, 2019, near the
village of El Ali in Somalia,

prospectors searching for
opals in a lush valley

stumble upon a
completely different

type of valuable stone.

Video of the scene
shows a group of locals

examining the unusual rock.

One man
attaches a magnet

to this reddish-brown
boulder, and it sticks.

All told, this object is about
six and a half feet long,

just over three feet wide,
and more than four feet tall.

It weighs in at over
16 and a half tons.

And as the locals demonstrate,
when struck by a small rock,

it resonates with
metallic tones.

Tests show it's a meteorite,

and experts suspect that
like this similar meteorite

encountered by the Inuit
people in Greenland,

the boulder in
Somalia was useful

for making important tools.

As such, it acquired both a
practical and a spiritual value.

Science writer Amy Teitel
says this treasured rock

is known as Nightfall
by the locals,

since according to legend,
it came from the skies

hundreds, if not
thousands, of years ago.

Nightfall became an
object of deep significance

for locals in Somalia,

and it's thought to
be a link between

the Earth and the heavens.

It kind of brings to
mind the mysticism

surrounding the monolith
in the early scenes of 2001

"A Space Odyssey," where
that monolith had the power

to change human evolution and
change the course of events.

But here's
the weird thing,

the tests show some of
the metal in this rock

doesn't seem natural.

The meteorite is
90% iron and nickel,

but there are also
two new minerals

that scientists have
discovered in this meteorite

that we don't see naturally
occurring on Earth.

One is called Elaliite,
for the town of El Ali.

The other is Elkinstantonite,

named for planetary scientist
Lindy Elkins-Tanton.

Elaliite
and Elkinstantonite

don't exist naturally on earth,

but we've created them
artificially in a lab.

That quirky fact has
led some to believe

there may be more to this
meteorite that meets the eye.

Because the meteorite
came from space

and has high metallic content,

some wonder if they
see technosignatures

or proof of some
alien technology.

A technosignature
is a property

that provides evidence
of past or present tech.

The thinking is if this
material only exists on Earth

when we create it with
our sophisticated methods,

can it only exist elsewhere
because, likewise,

other beings are creating
it there with their tech?

According to a
recent Cornell study,

new minerals found
in other meteorites

appear to be promising
candidates for superconductors,

meaning they may be of real use

for a technologically
advanced alien civilization.

So, could this
mystical meteorite

be proof of
extraterrestrial life?

Let's see what our experts say.

NASA geologist Dr. Bob Anderson

explains that there may
be very good reasons

why we don't see Elaliite
and Elkinstantonite

occurring naturally on Earth.

Both of these are
iron phosphorus minerals

that we do not fight on Earth

because of the
presence of water.

In the presence of water,
these minerals would dissolve

and form into other minerals.

What we have on
Earth are not even 1%

of the number of minerals
that you could form

under different
environmental conditions.

So they may be
alien to us here on Earth,

but could minerals like these

be found naturally
on other planets?

From our recent studies
of Mars and the moon,

we found several minerals

that are found under different
environmental conditions.

We have higher pressure here

than we do on Mars
or on the moon,

and so those pressures affect
how these atoms form together

what we call a crystal
lattice or a crystal cage.

Anderson says these
minerals were probably made

not by alien mineralogists,
but by a high-speed collision

which turned the solid
surface of the meteor molten,

and the minerals then
crystallized into a new form

when that molten metal cooled.

And physicist Matthew Szydagis
says if it were alien tech,

we'd see proof of sophisticated
design and manufacture,

not just raw materials.

In this particular case,

we see no evidence
of a structured craft

or pieces of a structured craft.

We also see no writing
or inscriptions.

We are just looking at a rock

that happens to have
a couple new minerals

that can be
synthesized naturally.

Our verdict?

This is an exotic rock
from our own solar system

that by coincidence,
contains special minerals

we artificially
developed decades ago.

A potential third new mineral
found in the meteorite

is still being analyzed.

No wonder the locals treat
Nightfall with such reverence.

We investigate
sightings

of legendary monsters
all the time,

but very rarely do we
get a chance to look at

baby versions of these
mysterious creatures.

Well, that's about
to change right now.

April 24th, 2022, Itaguare Beach

just outside Sao Paulo, Brazil.

It's a beautiful sunny day,

and beach goer Rafael
Maydadruse Baranga

is enjoying a calming
stroll along the surf

when suddenly, he
encounters this.

A gaggle of baby Nessies.

Take a closer look as
Rafael watches a whole group

of what appear to be miniature
long-necked dinosaurs

run into the greenery offshore.

So if the Loch Ness
monster actually exists,

it's gotta have babies, right?

The classic image of
the lochness monster

is an animal with a very
long neck with a small head.

It's easy to understand

why people are calling
these things baby Nessies.

Gerhard's
investigations have

led him to believe
that animals like

this exist all around the world

including right here
in South America.

South America's version
of the lochness monster

is known as Nahuelito.

It's said to inhabit
Lake Nahuel Huapi

in neighboring Argentina,

and perhaps other lakes
throughout South America.

Accounts of Nahuelito
were actually logged

by the Indigenous
people in the area.

In 1922, the Buenos Aires Zoo

actually launched an expedition

to search for the creature.

And as recently as 1997,

a woman who worked
at a lakeside resort

claimed that she saw
this giant humped animal

swimming through the water.

Could these
be the offspring

of the infamous Nahuelito?

One theory about
these lake monsters

being spotted around
the world suggests

that they are actually
only using these lakes

for breeding purposes.

There are many
species of animals

that are known to travel from
the ocean into fresh water.

A very strong answer as
to why we have not proven

that these lake monsters exist

is the possibility
that these animals

actually live in
the Earth's oceans

and only occasionally will
travel into fresh water.

Even one of
the earliest legends

of the Loch Ness monster

has the creature being
driven away up River Ness

and out into the ocean by a
Christian missionary in 565 AD.

So perhaps our eyewitness
was in the right place

at the right time to see
some ocean monster offspring

newly hatched in some
freshwater pockets,

but Gerhard suggests
another theory.

There were dinosaurs
throughout South America

for millions and
millions of years.

Maybe the possibility exists
that there could in fact,

be living dinosaurs
in South America.

Thanks to movies
like "Jurassic Park",

many people wonder if there
aren't already cloned dinosaurs

walking amongst us, but
without actual dinosaur DNA

that has stayed intact for
more than 65 million years,

that scenario
remains out of reach.

Although the recent discovery

of a 70 million year
old fossilized embryo

suggests that we
may be very close.

Let's see what our
experts think about

these potential baby dinos.

Marine biologist Shea Steingass

says the idea of
oceanic sea monsters

using lakes to breed
their offspring

isn't completely farfetched.

Imagine living in the ocean

where you can't
always see very well,

anything bigger than
you, can eat you.

And for that reason, there's
a lot of marine species

that start life out
as tiny organisms

in the sheltered warmer
waters of bays and estuaries.

But as for
these little guys

being real life baby Nessies,

Steingass is unconvinced,

especially because Nessie
is generally believed

to be a plesiosaur.

They clearly have limbs

where they're
running on the beach.

The plesiosaur had
paddle-like appendages or fins

that it used to move
through the water.

It didn't actually have feet,
and what we see here are feet.

So I can rule out the idea

that this is some
sort of plesiosaur.

So what are we
really looking at here?

Forensic video analyst
Michael Primeau

checks this video for tampering,

and he discovers some
interesting clues.

We had several indications

of some sort of processing used.

There's a graphic of the app

which was potentially
used to create this.

We were able to verify
that it is possible

to reverse the
playback of the video.

The time was inverted,

and thus the video
was playing backward.

And when Primeau
plays these images in reverse,

which is actually real time,
a whole new image unfolds.

And now it looks
more explainable.

It's some sort of smaller
animal going in that direction.

And that's the face, the
tail, the body, the legs.

What we originally
thought were long necks

of baby dinosaur-like creatures

turned out to be the long tail
of a raccoon-like creature.

Well, after Michael
Primeau nailed it,

it seems so obvious.

Our verdict? Editing trick.

This is just a video
played in reverse

of the raccoon-like creatures
known as the Coati.

They can be found all over
South America, Mexico,

and even parts of
the United States.

But we're still hoping

some of our favorite
monsters have babies,

and we get to show
you the pictures.

In 2023, the tragic
loss of a submersible

carrying tourists to the
Titanic was a stark reminder

that the famous tragedy
continues to fascinate us.

The disaster has always been
surrounded by controversy

about what really
happened and why,

including one theory that the
Titanic never sank at all.

Balderdash, you say?

Well, take a look at this.

It's 1998 in England,

an amateur sleuth is
reexamining a photo

of the maiden voyage of the
largest ship of its time,

the Titanic, but is the
ill-fated vessel in this image

really the actual Titanic?

This photo of the famous ship

leaving England in April, 1912,

shows what appears to be
16 portholes at the front,

and windows that are
thin and unevenly spaced.

But check out this other photo.

It's from the previous year
when the Titanic was being built

in Belfast, Northern Ireland,

before the smoke
stacks were installed.

Here, there are only
14 portholes

at the fore of the boat.

And when the ship
is first launched

from land to sea in 1911,

in preparation for
being fitted out

for its subsequent
maiden voyage,

there are large
evenly spaced windows

on the deck level above.

It is easy to notice
the differences

when we stack the two images
one on top of the other.

You can clearly see
the 16 portholes

and the thin, uneven windows

in the 1912 photo of
the maiden voyage.

But in the earlier
launch photo from 1911,

there are only 14 portholes
and larger windows

that don't line up with the
ones in the image above.

Journalist Eric Grundhauser says

this leads some to believe

that before Titanic's ill-fated
voyage, the ship was swapped

with one of its mirror
image sister ships,

the Olympic, which
had 16 bow portholes.

The Olympic was on
one of its early voyages

when it got into a wreck
and was severely damaged.

The White Star
Line and its owners

supposedly came
up with the scheme

that they would switch the
Olympic with the Titanic,

and sink the ship

so that they could collect
the insurance money.

As supporting evidence,

conspiracy theorists
point to the fact

the Titanic was originally
insured for $5 million,

but shortly before its launch,
White Star Lines allegedly

upped the insurance
on her by millions.

So the theory goes

that White Star intentionally
sank the damaged Olympic,

pocketed the insurance payout,

and kept the original
pristine Titanic

secretly sailing under
the name Olympic.

They would collect
the insurance money,

pulling off the greatest
switcheroo in modern history.

Now,
redressing the Olympic

to appear as the Titanic

would've been a highly
detailed plot to pull off.

But believers say,
not impossible.

The flooring in the
Olympic was a tile floor,

and according to the
theory, it was carpeted over

when it was switched
over to the Titanic.

Anything that would've
borne the name Olympic

was switched out with something
that bore the name Titanic.

Menus, ship's bell,
the name plate.

Beyond
the porthole issue,

conspiracy theorists point
to other coincidences

they find suspicious,

like the last minute actions
of White Star Line owner

and business tycoon, JP Morgan.

JP Morgan canceled
his place on the Titanic

shortly before the voyage.

The reason he gave was
that he was in ill health.

However, just days later,

he was spotted in France in
seemingly perfectly good health.

In addition, just hours before

the Titanic sailed
from Southampton,

JB Morgan had seven
valuable bronze statues

removed from the ship,

seemingly in the knowledge
that it was going to sink.

People who believed
there was a switcheroo

also note that unlike
the Olympic before it,

the Titanic was not
actually open to press

or for public inspection
prior to its maiden voyage.

And we know how that ended.

This adds to the idea that White
Star had something to hide,

or possibly that it needed more
time to complete the switch.

Let's see if our experts can
bring this ship to shore.

First, archeologist
Dr. Ed Barnhart

explains the Titanic's last
minute insurance changes.

They have one level of
insurance for a ship at dock,

and they increased the insurance

when all of the cargo
and passengers are on.

If the company's motivation

was to collect this
insurance money,

their reputation
would've been hurt more

by their newest, fanciest
ship on its maiden voyage

touted to be
unsinkable, sinking.

So if this
wasn't an insurance scam,

then why is there a discrepancy
in the number of portholes?

14 in the photo of
the construction,

and 16 in the later one
from the maiden voyage.

Science writer Mick West chalks
it up to a misunderstanding.

Research has shown that
an additional two portholes

were also added to the Titanic,

because the crew mess hall
in the front of the boat

was too dark

And what about the
fact that the 1911 launch photo

shows large
evenly-spaced windows,

while the ones on the
1912 maiden voyage

are thin and unevenly spaced?

West explains that
the Titanic's windows

were reconfigured from
its original design

while it was being fitted out.

The Titanic has
these tiny windows

because the promenade
wasn't really being used

and they converted that
to first class cabins,

which was a considerable
undertaking.

And Barnhart doubts

that all of the Olympic branding
could have been replaced.

The names of the ships weren't
just painted on the side,

they were actually
indented into the metal

an inch and a half deep.

They would have to dock them

and severely change
the entire plating.

Finally, West says

there is documented visual
proof there was no switcheroo,

which exists to this very day.

An investigation
by the Board of Trade

shows that all the wreckage
at the bottom of the Atlantic

matches exactly the
specifications of the Titanic.

Our verdict?

This is an unfounded
conspiracy theory.

Plus, think about it, folks,

whose job was it to crash
the ship into an iceberg?

The captain who went down with
the ship? I don't think so.

We're happy to sink this
rumor once and for all.

There have been both
myths and documented cases

of civilizations
living underground.

Have we just found
proof of another one?

Let's travel to
a mysterious spot

at the edge of the
Earth to find out.

It's August, 2020, in
Russia's Yamal Peninsula.

A TV crew is flying over
the remote permafrost

of the Siberian Arctic,

when suddenly, the scene goes
from beautiful to bizarre.

Emerging from the tundra is
a large opening in the earth.

Back down on the ground,
a research scientist

captures the giant maw of
the 65 foot diameter pit

from right on the
edge of the precipice.

As he walks along the brink,

he snaps photos
of the packed dirt

that rings the circumference,

and the sheer gray rock

that stretches down
to an unseen depth.

Author Jason Martell
says this is just one

of more than a
dozen similar chasms

found recently in the region.

We have to wonder

what is the cause of
these massive holes?

They don't seem natural.
They seem out of place.

Martell says,
some suspect these pits

could be the mouths of tunnels

leading to an ancient
underground civilization.

Ancient humans first started
taking shelter in caves

as much as 1.8
million years ago.

But it wasn't until
the late 1600s

that a scientist
named Edmond Halley

proposed that a larger open
space existed within the planet,

possibly inhabited by
humans or other creatures.

One offshoot of
Halley's Hollow Earth Theory

suggests that advanced
prehistoric people

made a honeycomb of
caves in the earth

from which their
descendants still terrorized

those living up on the surface.

This is what's known as
troglodyte architecture.

A troglodyte is a person
who lives in a cave,

and Martell says there's
another storied example

out of California.

Hopi legends speak of an
advanced race of lizard people,

not reptilians, but
worshipers of lizards,

who built a great city under
what is now Los Angeles.

They did this to
shield themselves

from some type of
cataclysmic fires.

In 1933, mining
engineer George Warren Shufelt

went on a hunt for
this catacomb city,

but soon ran out of funding.

But apart from the troglodyte
civilization theory,

Martell says these holes

could have an even scarier
modern explanation.

During the Cold War,

the Soviets engaged
in several secret,

yet somewhat reckless
nuclear tests in the region.

Would we really be
surprised if this crater

is the result of
recent or even prior

Russian nuclear
detonation tests?

This isn't the only
strange hole on Russian soil.

In the 1970s, the
Soviets drilled

the Kola Superdeep Borehole,

now the deepest
manmade hole on earth,

reaching down
almost eight miles.

They claimed the project
was purely for research,

but could these mysterious
tundra holes be connected?

Let's see what our
experts can unearth.

Theoretical physicist
Dr. Michio Kaku

analyzes if this could be the
result of a nuclear blast.

The crater created
by nuclear detonation

does not look like this at all.

Plus, the killer
application here

is a geiger counter that
looks for signs of radiation.

If it was a nuclear blast,

you'll find evidence of
radioactive strontium, iodine,

cesium, scattered
throughout the area,

and we find nothing.

No alpha beta gamma radiation.

It is a perfectly
non-radioactive area.

So could
this be an example

of troglodyte architecture?

There is evidence that
ancient civilizations

did move underground during
times of extreme weather,

during times when ice was
appearing on the planet.

Unfortunately, we don't
find anything in there

from an archeological
point of view

that indicates that
this was manmade.

You don't find any staircases,

you don't find
anything that indicate

that this would be an entrance

into an underground
civilization.

So if this hole
wasn't made by humans,

then could it be the result
of a natural disaster,

like a meteorite strike?

When a meteorite hits,

it has a tendency to take the
material that's in the center

and flip it over onto the edges.

And when you look at these,

we don't find that reversal
of stratigraphy at all.

You're just seeing a
combination of materials here,

which leads one to believe

that this is what's called
an endogenic explosion

that came from the inside,

causing the material
to explode outwards.

And Kaku
thinks he knows

just what caused that
outwards explosion.

This is tundra.

Tundra has vegetation that
froze thousands of years ago.

And as we have global warming

and as the tundra
begins to thaw out,

this vegetation releases
organic gases like methane gas.

These methane gas will often
columnate, rise to the surface,

and create a dome.

These domes, in
fact, are unstable,

and eventually the
dome collapses.

Methane is potentially explosive

and it has enough energy to
create a hole of this nature.

Our verdict?

This is likely what's known
as a gas emission crater

caused by methane that
built up underground

and was then released
by climate change.

The explosions are
described as going off

like a huge bottle of champagne,

throwing debris
hundreds of feet,

and setting off gas fires
that burn for over an hour.

And finally, tonight,

we all remember the
story of Dr. Dolittle.

This fictional animal
doctor used to speak

with his furry and
feathered patients

in their own languages.

And from the look of this
next video, a man in India

might have that talent for real.

It's February, 2023,
in Bhopal, India.

A group of men are gathered

at the center of a
dirt intersection

when one of them starts to
conjure up an unusual crowd.

We hear
the man suddenly

let out what appears
to be a bird call.

Initially, only
a couple of birds appear,

but then, after a
second of stillness,

a whole sweeping flock of
crows, known as a murder,

fills the previously empty sky,

like an outtake from Hitchcock.

Is this man a pied piper
who can summon crows

by speaking their language?

According to field
researcher Cliff Barackman,

it might not be as far
fetched as you think.

In 2013, MIT published a paper

that suggests that the
origins of human language

have something to do with
imitating bird songs.

Songbirds mostly communicate
through an expression layer,

the order of words

and how you can rearrange
those create meanings,

and the lexical layer is
the meaning themselves.

So if humans in the early
stages of our development

started imitating bird noises
to do the expression layer,

well, we already had
the lexical layer

because we're primates.

Researchers
at Duke University

found that humans and birds

even share an
identical set of genes

that are activated when
birds learn to sing

and humans learn to talk.

Corvids, which include
crows, jays, and magpies,

are among the most
intelligent creatures

in the animal kingdom.

They can use tools
and actively evaluate

how to solve problems
by thinking them over.

Our experts examine if
we have more in common

with our feathered
friends than we thought.

First, wildlife
biologist Stephanie Manka

considers if the man in the clip

could truly be a crow whisperer.

I don't think this man is
speaking the language of crows.

Language is more complex.

There are communications that
animals use with each other,

but it's incorrect
to call it language.

Most agree that
language can be defined

as a system of communication

consisting of sounds,
words, and grammar.

But Manka says
animal communications

are classified as call systems,

which are patterned
forms of communication

that express meaning.

It's possible that he
knows some sort of crow call

that indicates something,

danger, get out of that area,
or there's food in this area,

when they're calling
to each other.

Manka says these crows

may recognize this
guy specifically,

since they can remember
individual humans

and what they do.

In fact, someone recently
shared a story on Reddit

of how in early 2023,

a family of crows got
so mad at him for moving

that the birds' 200 strong flock

flew to the dealership
where he worked

and covered all the
brand new cars in poop.

In 2011, there was a
study in Washington State

to see if crows could
recognize faces.

Researchers thought that when
they initially captured crows

for research, that crow
wouldn't be hostile.

Some researchers have
gone as far as to wear

ridiculous masks so the crows
wouldn't recognize them.

On the flip side,

they can also
recognize friendliness.

Could that be what
we're seeing here?

They are not acting with
hostility towards this man.

It also doesn't seem like

they are trying to get
him out of their area.

So in this case, it just seems
like they're flying overhead,

searching for food.

Dr. Ed Hope wonders
if Manka may be onto something.

One of the possibilities is

that there's some Pavlovian
conditioning going on here.

So maybe they've been
fed in this area before,

or maybe they've heard
a call like this before

and then been fed afterwards.

Hope says the
location of this video

may provide an essential clue.

This is taking
place within India

where the feeding of crows
is a very common thing to do.

During swada, the
offering of food or penda

is also still in vogue.

There's a huge local
population of crows

that know they'll
be getting food.

But after
reviewing the video again,

Dr. Hope isn't sure that
explains everything.

I think the explanation here

is that he is mimicking
the call so well,

and once a few are interested,

get this big flock trying to
figure out what's going on.

Our verdict?

This is another kind of UAP,

an unexplained avian phenomenon.

Dr. Hope thinks the crows are
curious at the man's mimicry,

and Stephanie Manka thinks
he may be offering them food,

but the locals clearly believe

this man has some kind
of special

connection
to these birds.

Since we can't
speak to the crows,

it's impossible to say for sure

how or why they felt summoned.

And that's our show for tonight.

Thank you so much for watching.

And remember, keep
those cameras rolling.