Original subtitles

Tonight on "The Proof is Out There".

What's hidden in the Brazilian UFO files?

This is one of the most credible series of photos

that have ever been taken.

What's this creature found

by the road in Texas?

Could this prove that the Chupacabra is real?

What can this meteorite tell us

about alien civilizations?

It contains minerals

that have never been seen on Earth.

And what's going on with these baby Nessies?

If the Loch Ness monster actually exists,

it's gotta have babies, right?

Around the globe are videos...

What are those things?

It's moving.

Photos and sounds that defy explanation.

We don't know where they come from,

who made them, or how they operate.

What are they?

Some sort of bizarre mutation.

What's exciting is nobody really knows.

Extraordinary claims need extraordinary proof.

I'm Tony Harris,

and as a journalist for more than 30 years,

I've followed the facts where they take me.

Now I'm bringing that spirit of investigation

to the world's strangest sounds and images.

We'll analyze each one with top experts.

It's a credible case, it's a credible video.

And pass a verdict on what it is.

This video was clearly faked.

The proof starts now.

Good evening and welcome to "The Proof is Out There".

At over 70 years old, this first story is an oldie,

but a very goodie.

These images out of Brazil have been called

the most sensational sequence

of flying saucer photos ever seen,

and you're about to see them right here.

May, 1952, Jo ão Martins,

a journalist from Brazilian weekly magazine, "O Cruzeiro",

and his photographer Ed Keffel, are on a routine assignment

to the Barra Da Tijuca, near Rio de Janeiro.

In the late afternoon,

Martins spots what he thinks is an airplane

traveling at great speed,

but upon further inspection,

he realizes it was actually no airplane at all.

Martins screams, "Shoot it!" And so Keffel does.

What they capture is astounding.

A saucer shaped disc flying through the sky at great speed.

They describe the object as blue-gray in color,

and completely silent.

Careful inspection of these historic photos

seems to reveal the object has three distinct layers.

A flat disc on the outside, a raised rim in the middle,

and a small bump on the top center.

Keffel is also able to photograph the

bottom of the craft, which appears flat

except for a raised ring around the center.

The stunned men continue shooting for a full 60 seconds

before the object speeds out of sight,

cementing its place in UFO history.

According to journalist Eric Grundhauser,

when the reports are published in "O Cruzeiro",

they create a firestorm.

Issues just flew off the shelves.

It created a UFO craze in Brazil.

People still reference these photos

as some of the most credible evidence

of extraterrestrial visitation.

The photos get the attention

not only of the public, but the Brazilian military,

which launches an immediate investigation.

The Brazilian Air Force determined

that they were in fact, genuine.

One Brazilian investigator has even called them

the most sensational sequence of photos

of an extra terrestrial ever seen.

The "O Cruzeiro" photos are so groundbreaking,

they set off decades of Brazilian UFO sightings,

many investigated with zeal by the Brazilian Air Force.

70 years ago, these photos may have been credible enough

to make the Brazilian Air Force take notice,

but can they stand up to modern scrutiny?

Our experts are on the case.

Some have speculated the disc could have been superimposed

on the background using double exposure,

where the same frame of film is exposed

to two separate images without advancing the film roll.

But astrophotographer Andrew McCarthy says

the sharpness of these images kills that theory.

I'm not seeing any kind of ghosting in this image,

which would be very common from a double exposure.

This is also a very high contrast image,

which also suggests that it's not a double exposure

because the item in the sky would be washed out

by that relatively bright sky.

So I think this was captured with a single photograph.

So could it just be a model saucer

tossed in the air for the photo?

It's hard to say for sure,

because generally, you'd see a little bit more motion blur

with an object that was thrown

moments before the photo was being taken.

A fast exposure speed

could correct for motion blur, but according to McCarthy,

the deep depth of field in these photos

gives us critical info.

The focal ratio used for the shot was F2.A.

That actually lets a lot of light in,

so they're able to shorten the exposures,

so they would be able to reduce motion blur significantly.

However, it's actually really hard to get an object

that's in focus both close to your camera

and far away, like the landscape.

So I think what we're looking at

is actually much further away from the observer

than any disc that could have been thrown.

So if it's not double exposure

and it's not a model thrown in the air,

does that mean these photos are legit?

McCarthy would say not so fast in Portuguese,

if he spoke Portuguese.

You can see the craft appears to be illuminated

from the left and behind the observer.

However, when you look at the trees,

they appear to be illuminated from the right,

so the shadows are actually inconsistent in this image.

Rich Hoffman of the scientific coalition

for Ufology has his own theory on the shadows in the images.

I don't think the shadow issue that was raised

is a concern.

Hoffman insists the shadows thrown in the tree line

can't be compared to the shadowing

in the clear air above the mountain.

The things that are up above that tree line

are gonna catch the sun

that are not being exposed by the shadow

from the tree on the left side.

But McCarthy sticks to his guns.

In the days before Photoshop, film was actually doctored

through a technique called airbrush.

They were essentially drawing directly on the film.

In this case, they could have very easily

drawn on these elements.

That may be what we're looking at here.

Our verdict?

We are going to call it an even split for now.

Hoffman says genuine UFO, McCarthy says hoax,

and we are left uncertain,

especially with the shady status of the lighting.

But even if it is a hoax, if this incident inspired

a whole new field of study in Brazil,

then perhaps some hoaxes do some good after all.

Now, let's head to Texas,

and one of the lone star state's most enduring legends.

The Chupacabra may be relatively young,

having first been reported in 1995,

but sightings have been widely noted

across the southwest ever since.

Could this next story finally prove

the creature's existence?

May 19th, 2011, in San Antonio, Texas,

a sanitation worker is called to pick up a deceased animal

on the side of Highway 181,

and when he arrives, he finds this.

The creature appears to be hairless

and has sharp savage teeth.

Its gray skin and a human-like fist

make this creature unknown to the sanitation worker.

Upon further examination, he discovers three inch claws

and an opposable thumb.

A thumb?

Check out the toes.

The creature shares a similar human type foot.

Field researcher Ken Gerhard

believes that we could be looking at real evidence

of the infamous small vampire-like creature

known as the Chupacabra,

a predatory animal first described

in Puerto Rico in 1995.

Livestock began to die in a very mysterious way

and were being found drained of their blood.

And shortly thereafter,

there were sightings of a strange creature on the island,

described as being about three to five feet tall,

scaly body, giant eyes, long fangs and claws.

Chupacabra was such a big deal in Puerto Rico

that the government actually became involved

and formed vigilance committees and possies

in an attempt to find and hunt down this strange animal.

Allegedly, this Chupacabra

is similar to a vampire.

It comes in the night and survives on sucking the blood

from livestock and other animals.

One researcher has speculated

that these Chupacabra animals

are actually feeding on the blood because they crave iron

and perhaps they are mineral deficient.

Gerhard says the Chupacabra

eventually migrated to the American southwest.

At least the legend did.

The first American Chupacabras were reported in Texas

in the year 2005,

and specifically right here where this thing was found

near the town of Elmendorf in southern San Antonio.

In 2010, in Jack County, Texas,

a woman named Stacia Henderson

was actually bitten by one of these Chupacabra animals

and had to be rushed to the hospital.

Could there be a relationship between this mysterious animal

that we see in this photo and the other Texas Chupacabras?

As of April 23rd, 2023, six cows have been found mutilated

along the stretch of highway in San Antonio.

The tongue was completely removed from each one,

with no blood spilled.

Could those killings be the work of a Chupacabra?

As police investigate, we turn to our experts.

Anthropologist Kathy Strain discusses

the problematic diet of a potential Chupacabra.

Historically, the Chupacabra

has been blamed for quite a few cattle

that have been bled to death,

but no blood found in the area,

and no meat was removed from an any of the animals.

Chupacabras are supposedly much larger than a dog

and a little bit smaller than a wolf,

and it would need more nutrition to survive

than just the blood of an animal.

And while Strain isn't a believer

in the Chupacabra legend,

she's still not exactly sure what we're looking at.

What you're seeing here is very small and has hands,

that rules out a canine-type species.

The strange thing about this is the paws.

They don't have a typical canine paw,

with padding and then smaller toes,

they appear to have longer

almost kind of finger-like appendages.

There's very few animals that have paws that look like that.

Raccoons that have, quote unquote, hands,

they have more finger-like paws than dogs and cats do.

So potentially, a raccoon.

But then why is it hairless?

This animal looks really thin.

It's possible that it could have had mange,

which is a type of mite that burrows into the skin

and it can affect its health

and it can become malnourished and lose their fur.

But hang on, wildlife biologist Floyd Hayes

doesn't believe what we are looking at is a raccoon.

When we look up closely at the paw,

we could see there's four relatively small digits here,

and a fifth opposing digit.

A raccoon has five relatively long and thin digits

that are pointing forward without an opposing digit.

There are not very many species of animals

that have an opposing digit like this one,

but the opossum does.

So I believe this is a Virginia opossum.

The Virginia opossum is the only marsupial mammal

that lives in North America.

It occurs throughout much of the USA

and it's very common in Texas,

and it's also similar in size to a raccoon.

Our verdict?

Our experts disagree on what the animal is,

but they do agree it's a mammal that died of mange.

If we see more compelling stories

about the notorious Chupacabra, we'll bring them your way.

For at least five generations,

a mysterious landmark has baffled and inspired people

in one East African nation.

Now it's finally been analyzed scientifically,

and researchers have discovered something

that is literally out of this world.

In September, 2019, near the village of El Ali in Somalia,

prospectors searching for opals in a lush valley

stumble upon a completely different

type of valuable stone.

Video of the scene shows a group of locals

examining the unusual rock.

One man attaches a magnet

to this reddish-brown boulder, and it sticks.

All told, this object is about six and a half feet long,

just over three feet wide, and more than four feet tall.

It weighs in at over 16 and a half tons.

And as the locals demonstrate, when struck by a small rock,

it resonates with metallic tones.

Tests show it's a meteorite,

and experts suspect that like this similar meteorite

encountered by the Inuit people in Greenland,

the boulder in Somalia was useful

for making important tools.

As such, it acquired both a practical and a spiritual value.

Science writer Amy Teitel says this treasured rock

is known as Nightfall by the locals,

since according to legend, it came from the skies

hundreds, if not thousands, of years ago.

Nightfall became an object of deep significance

for locals in Somalia,

and it's thought to be a link between

the Earth and the heavens.

It kind of brings to mind the mysticism

surrounding the monolith in the early scenes of 2001

"A Space Odyssey," where that monolith had the power

to change human evolution and change the course of events.

But here's the weird thing,

the tests show some of the metal in this rock

doesn't seem natural.

The meteorite is 90% iron and nickel,

but there are also two new minerals

that scientists have discovered in this meteorite

that we don't see naturally occurring on Earth.

One is called Elaliite, for the town of El Ali.

The other is Elkinstantonite,

named for planetary scientist Lindy Elkins-Tanton.

Elaliite and Elkinstantonite

don't exist naturally on earth,

but we've created them artificially in a lab.

That quirky fact has led some to believe

there may be more to this meteorite that meets the eye.

Because the meteorite came from space

and has high metallic content,

some wonder if they see technosignatures

or proof of some alien technology.

A technosignature is a property

that provides evidence of past or present tech.

The thinking is if this material only exists on Earth

when we create it with our sophisticated methods,

can it only exist elsewhere because, likewise,

other beings are creating it there with their tech?

According to a recent Cornell study,

new minerals found in other meteorites

appear to be promising candidates for superconductors,

meaning they may be of real use

for a technologically advanced alien civilization.

So, could this mystical meteorite

be proof of extraterrestrial life?

Let's see what our experts say.

NASA geologist Dr. Bob Anderson

explains that there may be very good reasons

why we don't see Elaliite and Elkinstantonite

occurring naturally on Earth.

Both of these are iron phosphorus minerals

that we do not fight on Earth

because of the presence of water.

In the presence of water, these minerals would dissolve

and form into other minerals.

What we have on Earth are not even 1%

of the number of minerals that you could form

under different environmental conditions.

So they may be alien to us here on Earth,

but could minerals like these

be found naturally on other planets?

From our recent studies of Mars and the moon,

we found several minerals

that are found under different environmental conditions.

We have higher pressure here

than we do on Mars or on the moon,

and so those pressures affect how these atoms form together

what we call a crystal lattice or a crystal cage.

Anderson says these minerals were probably made

not by alien mineralogists, but by a high-speed collision

which turned the solid surface of the meteor molten,

and the minerals then crystallized into a new form

when that molten metal cooled.

And physicist Matthew Szydagis says if it were alien tech,

we'd see proof of sophisticated design and manufacture,

not just raw materials.

In this particular case,

we see no evidence of a structured craft

or pieces of a structured craft.

We also see no writing or inscriptions.

We are just looking at a rock

that happens to have a couple new minerals

that can be synthesized naturally.

Our verdict?

This is an exotic rock from our own solar system

that by coincidence, contains special minerals

we artificially developed decades ago.

A potential third new mineral found in the meteorite

is still being analyzed.

No wonder the locals treat Nightfall with such reverence.

We investigate sightings

of legendary monsters all the time,

but very rarely do we get a chance to look at

baby versions of these mysterious creatures.

Well, that's about to change right now.

April 24th, 2022, Itaguare Beach

just outside Sao Paulo, Brazil.

It's a beautiful sunny day,

and beach goer Rafael Maydadruse Baranga

is enjoying a calming stroll along the surf

when suddenly, he encounters this.

A gaggle of baby Nessies.

Take a closer look as Rafael watches a whole group

of what appear to be miniature long-necked dinosaurs

run into the greenery offshore.

So if the Loch Ness monster actually exists,

it's gotta have babies, right?

The classic image of the lochness monster

is an animal with a very long neck with a small head.

It's easy to understand

why people are calling these things baby Nessies.

Gerhard's investigations have

led him to believe that animals like

this exist all around the world

including right here in South America.

South America's version of the lochness monster

is known as Nahuelito.

It's said to inhabit Lake Nahuel Huapi

in neighboring Argentina,

and perhaps other lakes throughout South America.

Accounts of Nahuelito were actually logged

by the Indigenous people in the area.

In 1922, the Buenos Aires Zoo

actually launched an expedition

to search for the creature.

And as recently as 1997,

a woman who worked at a lakeside resort

claimed that she saw this giant humped animal

swimming through the water.

Could these be the offspring

of the infamous Nahuelito?

One theory about these lake monsters

being spotted around the world suggests

that they are actually only using these lakes

for breeding purposes.

There are many species of animals

that are known to travel from the ocean into fresh water.

A very strong answer as to why we have not proven

that these lake monsters exist

is the possibility that these animals

actually live in the Earth's oceans

and only occasionally will travel into fresh water.

Even one of the earliest legends

of the Loch Ness monster

has the creature being driven away up River Ness

and out into the ocean by a Christian missionary in 565 AD.

So perhaps our eyewitness was in the right place

at the right time to see some ocean monster offspring

newly hatched in some freshwater pockets,

but Gerhard suggests another theory.

There were dinosaurs throughout South America

for millions and millions of years.

Maybe the possibility exists that there could in fact,

be living dinosaurs in South America.

Thanks to movies like "Jurassic Park",

many people wonder if there aren't already cloned dinosaurs

walking amongst us, but without actual dinosaur DNA

that has stayed intact for more than 65 million years,

that scenario remains out of reach.

Although the recent discovery

of a 70 million year old fossilized embryo

suggests that we may be very close.

Let's see what our experts think about

these potential baby dinos.

Marine biologist Shea Steingass

says the idea of oceanic sea monsters

using lakes to breed their offspring

isn't completely farfetched.

Imagine living in the ocean

where you can't always see very well,

anything bigger than you, can eat you.

And for that reason, there's a lot of marine species

that start life out as tiny organisms

in the sheltered warmer waters of bays and estuaries.

But as for these little guys

being real life baby Nessies,

Steingass is unconvinced,

especially because Nessie is generally believed

to be a plesiosaur.

They clearly have limbs

where they're running on the beach.

The plesiosaur had paddle-like appendages or fins

that it used to move through the water.

It didn't actually have feet, and what we see here are feet.

So I can rule out the idea

that this is some sort of plesiosaur.

So what are we really looking at here?

Forensic video analyst Michael Primeau

checks this video for tampering,

and he discovers some interesting clues.

We had several indications

of some sort of processing used.

There's a graphic of the app

which was potentially used to create this.

We were able to verify that it is possible

to reverse the playback of the video.

The time was inverted,

and thus the video was playing backward.

And when Primeau plays these images in reverse,

which is actually real time, a whole new image unfolds.

And now it looks more explainable.

It's some sort of smaller animal going in that direction.

And that's the face, the tail, the body, the legs.

What we originally thought were long necks

of baby dinosaur-like creatures

turned out to be the long tail of a raccoon-like creature.

Well, after Michael Primeau nailed it,

it seems so obvious.

Our verdict? Editing trick.

This is just a video played in reverse

of the raccoon-like creatures known as the Coati.

They can be found all over South America, Mexico,

and even parts of the United States.

But we're still hoping

some of our favorite monsters have babies,

and we get to show you the pictures.

In 2023, the tragic loss of a submersible

carrying tourists to the Titanic was a stark reminder

that the famous tragedy continues to fascinate us.

The disaster has always been surrounded by controversy

about what really happened and why,

including one theory that the Titanic never sank at all.

Balderdash, you say?

Well, take a look at this.

It's 1998 in England,

an amateur sleuth is reexamining a photo

of the maiden voyage of the largest ship of its time,

the Titanic, but is the ill-fated vessel in this image

really the actual Titanic?

This photo of the famous ship

leaving England in April, 1912,

shows what appears to be 16 portholes at the front,

and windows that are thin and unevenly spaced.

But check out this other photo.

It's from the previous year when the Titanic was being built

in Belfast, Northern Ireland,

before the smoke stacks were installed.

Here, there are only 14 portholes

at the fore of the boat.

And when the ship is first launched

from land to sea in 1911,

in preparation for being fitted out

for its subsequent maiden voyage,

there are large evenly spaced windows

on the deck level above.

It is easy to notice the differences

when we stack the two images one on top of the other.

You can clearly see the 16 portholes

and the thin, uneven windows

in the 1912 photo of the maiden voyage.

But in the earlier launch photo from 1911,

there are only 14 portholes and larger windows

that don't line up with the ones in the image above.

Journalist Eric Grundhauser says

this leads some to believe

that before Titanic's ill-fated voyage, the ship was swapped

with one of its mirror image sister ships,

the Olympic, which had 16 bow portholes.

The Olympic was on one of its early voyages

when it got into a wreck and was severely damaged.

The White Star Line and its owners

supposedly came up with the scheme

that they would switch the Olympic with the Titanic,

and sink the ship

so that they could collect the insurance money.

As supporting evidence,

conspiracy theorists point to the fact

the Titanic was originally insured for $5 million,

but shortly before its launch, White Star Lines allegedly

upped the insurance on her by millions.

So the theory goes

that White Star intentionally sank the damaged Olympic,

pocketed the insurance payout,

and kept the original pristine Titanic

secretly sailing under the name Olympic.

They would collect the insurance money,

pulling off the greatest switcheroo in modern history.

Now, redressing the Olympic

to appear as the Titanic

would've been a highly detailed plot to pull off.

But believers say, not impossible.

The flooring in the Olympic was a tile floor,

and according to the theory, it was carpeted over

when it was switched over to the Titanic.

Anything that would've borne the name Olympic

was switched out with something that bore the name Titanic.

Menus, ship's bell, the name plate.

Beyond the porthole issue,

conspiracy theorists point to other coincidences

they find suspicious,

like the last minute actions of White Star Line owner

and business tycoon, JP Morgan.

JP Morgan canceled his place on the Titanic

shortly before the voyage.

The reason he gave was that he was in ill health.

However, just days later,

he was spotted in France in seemingly perfectly good health.

In addition, just hours before

the Titanic sailed from Southampton,

JB Morgan had seven valuable bronze statues

removed from the ship,

seemingly in the knowledge that it was going to sink.

People who believed there was a switcheroo

also note that unlike the Olympic before it,

the Titanic was not actually open to press

or for public inspection prior to its maiden voyage.

And we know how that ended.

This adds to the idea that White Star had something to hide,

or possibly that it needed more time to complete the switch.

Let's see if our experts can bring this ship to shore.

First, archeologist Dr. Ed Barnhart

explains the Titanic's last minute insurance changes.

They have one level of insurance for a ship at dock,

and they increased the insurance

when all of the cargo and passengers are on.

If the company's motivation

was to collect this insurance money,

their reputation would've been hurt more

by their newest, fanciest ship on its maiden voyage

touted to be unsinkable, sinking.

So if this wasn't an insurance scam,

then why is there a discrepancy in the number of portholes?

14 in the photo of the construction,

and 16 in the later one from the maiden voyage.

Science writer Mick West chalks it up to a misunderstanding.

Research has shown that an additional two portholes

were also added to the Titanic,

because the crew mess hall in the front of the boat

was too dark

And what about the fact that the 1911 launch photo

shows large evenly-spaced windows,

while the ones on the 1912 maiden voyage

are thin and unevenly spaced?

West explains that the Titanic's windows

were reconfigured from its original design

while it was being fitted out.

The Titanic has these tiny windows

because the promenade wasn't really being used

and they converted that to first class cabins,

which was a considerable undertaking.

And Barnhart doubts

that all of the Olympic branding could have been replaced.

The names of the ships weren't just painted on the side,

they were actually indented into the metal

an inch and a half deep.

They would have to dock them

and severely change the entire plating.

Finally, West says

there is documented visual proof there was no switcheroo,

which exists to this very day.

An investigation by the Board of Trade

shows that all the wreckage at the bottom of the Atlantic

matches exactly the specifications of the Titanic.

Our verdict?

This is an unfounded conspiracy theory.

Plus, think about it, folks,

whose job was it to crash the ship into an iceberg?

The captain who went down with the ship? I don't think so.

We're happy to sink this rumor once and for all.

There have been both myths and documented cases

of civilizations living underground.

Have we just found proof of another one?

Let's travel to a mysterious spot

at the edge of the Earth to find out.

It's August, 2020, in Russia's Yamal Peninsula.

A TV crew is flying over the remote permafrost

of the Siberian Arctic,

when suddenly, the scene goes from beautiful to bizarre.

Emerging from the tundra is a large opening in the earth.

Back down on the ground, a research scientist

captures the giant maw of the 65 foot diameter pit

from right on the edge of the precipice.

As he walks along the brink,

he snaps photos of the packed dirt

that rings the circumference,

and the sheer gray rock

that stretches down to an unseen depth.

Author Jason Martell says this is just one

of more than a dozen similar chasms

found recently in the region.

We have to wonder

what is the cause of these massive holes?

They don't seem natural. They seem out of place.

Martell says, some suspect these pits

could be the mouths of tunnels

leading to an ancient underground civilization.

Ancient humans first started taking shelter in caves

as much as 1.8 million years ago.

But it wasn't until the late 1600s

that a scientist named Edmond Halley

proposed that a larger open space existed within the planet,

possibly inhabited by humans or other creatures.

One offshoot of Halley's Hollow Earth Theory

suggests that advanced prehistoric people

made a honeycomb of caves in the earth

from which their descendants still terrorized

those living up on the surface.

This is what's known as troglodyte architecture.

A troglodyte is a person who lives in a cave,

and Martell says there's another storied example

out of California.

Hopi legends speak of an advanced race of lizard people,

not reptilians, but worshipers of lizards,

who built a great city under what is now Los Angeles.

They did this to shield themselves

from some type of cataclysmic fires.

In 1933, mining engineer George Warren Shufelt

went on a hunt for this catacomb city,

but soon ran out of funding.

But apart from the troglodyte civilization theory,

Martell says these holes

could have an even scarier modern explanation.

During the Cold War,

the Soviets engaged in several secret,

yet somewhat reckless nuclear tests in the region.

Would we really be surprised if this crater

is the result of recent or even prior

Russian nuclear detonation tests?

This isn't the only strange hole on Russian soil.

In the 1970s, the Soviets drilled

the Kola Superdeep Borehole,

now the deepest manmade hole on earth,

reaching down almost eight miles.

They claimed the project was purely for research,

but could these mysterious tundra holes be connected?

Let's see what our experts can unearth.

Theoretical physicist Dr. Michio Kaku

analyzes if this could be the result of a nuclear blast.

The crater created by nuclear detonation

does not look like this at all.

Plus, the killer application here

is a geiger counter that looks for signs of radiation.

If it was a nuclear blast,

you'll find evidence of radioactive strontium, iodine,

cesium, scattered throughout the area,

and we find nothing.

No alpha beta gamma radiation.

It is a perfectly non-radioactive area.

So could this be an example

of troglodyte architecture?

There is evidence that ancient civilizations

did move underground during times of extreme weather,

during times when ice was appearing on the planet.

Unfortunately, we don't find anything in there

from an archeological point of view

that indicates that this was manmade.

You don't find any staircases,

you don't find anything that indicate

that this would be an entrance

into an underground civilization.

So if this hole wasn't made by humans,

then could it be the result of a natural disaster,

like a meteorite strike?

When a meteorite hits,

it has a tendency to take the material that's in the center

and flip it over onto the edges.

And when you look at these,

we don't find that reversal of stratigraphy at all.

You're just seeing a combination of materials here,

which leads one to believe

that this is what's called an endogenic explosion

that came from the inside,

causing the material to explode outwards.

And Kaku thinks he knows

just what caused that outwards explosion.

This is tundra.

Tundra has vegetation that froze thousands of years ago.

And as we have global warming

and as the tundra begins to thaw out,

this vegetation releases organic gases like methane gas.

These methane gas will often columnate, rise to the surface,

and create a dome.

These domes, in fact, are unstable,

and eventually the dome collapses.

Methane is potentially explosive

and it has enough energy to create a hole of this nature.

Our verdict?

This is likely what's known as a gas emission crater

caused by methane that built up underground

and was then released by climate change.

The explosions are described as going off

like a huge bottle of champagne,

throwing debris hundreds of feet,

and setting off gas fires that burn for over an hour.

And finally, tonight,

we all remember the story of Dr. Dolittle.

This fictional animal doctor used to speak

with his furry and feathered patients

in their own languages.

And from the look of this next video, a man in India

might have that talent for real.

It's February, 2023, in Bhopal, India.

A group of men are gathered

at the center of a dirt intersection

when one of them starts to conjure up an unusual crowd.

We hear the man suddenly

let out what appears to be a bird call.

Initially, only a couple of birds appear,

but then, after a second of stillness,

a whole sweeping flock of crows, known as a murder,

fills the previously empty sky,

like an outtake from Hitchcock.

Is this man a pied piper who can summon crows

by speaking their language?

According to field researcher Cliff Barackman,

it might not be as far fetched as you think.

In 2013, MIT published a paper

that suggests that the origins of human language

have something to do with imitating bird songs.

Songbirds mostly communicate through an expression layer,

the order of words

and how you can rearrange those create meanings,

and the lexical layer is the meaning themselves.

So if humans in the early stages of our development

started imitating bird noises to do the expression layer,

well, we already had the lexical layer

because we're primates.

Researchers at Duke University

found that humans and birds

even share an identical set of genes

that are activated when birds learn to sing

and humans learn to talk.

Corvids, which include crows, jays, and magpies,

are among the most intelligent creatures

in the animal kingdom.

They can use tools and actively evaluate

how to solve problems by thinking them over.

Our experts examine if we have more in common

with our feathered friends than we thought.

First, wildlife biologist Stephanie Manka

considers if the man in the clip

could truly be a crow whisperer.

I don't think this man is speaking the language of crows.

Language is more complex.

There are communications that animals use with each other,

but it's incorrect to call it language.

Most agree that language can be defined

as a system of communication

consisting of sounds, words, and grammar.

But Manka says animal communications

are classified as call systems,

which are patterned forms of communication

that express meaning.

It's possible that he knows some sort of crow call

that indicates something,

danger, get out of that area, or there's food in this area,

when they're calling to each other.

Manka says these crows

may recognize this guy specifically,

since they can remember individual humans

and what they do.

In fact, someone recently shared a story on Reddit

of how in early 2023,

a family of crows got so mad at him for moving

that the birds' 200 strong flock

flew to the dealership where he worked

and covered all the brand new cars in poop.

In 2011, there was a study in Washington State

to see if crows could recognize faces.

Researchers thought that when they initially captured crows

for research, that crow wouldn't be hostile.

Some researchers have gone as far as to wear

ridiculous masks so the crows wouldn't recognize them.

On the flip side,

they can also recognize friendliness.

Could that be what we're seeing here?

They are not acting with hostility towards this man.

It also doesn't seem like

they are trying to get him out of their area.

So in this case, it just seems like they're flying overhead,

searching for food.

Dr. Ed Hope wonders if Manka may be onto something.

One of the possibilities is

that there's some Pavlovian conditioning going on here.

So maybe they've been fed in this area before,

or maybe they've heard a call like this before

and then been fed afterwards.

Hope says the location of this video

may provide an essential clue.

This is taking place within India

where the feeding of crows is a very common thing to do.

During swada, the offering of food or penda

is also still in vogue.

There's a huge local population of crows

that know they'll be getting food.

But after reviewing the video again,

Dr. Hope isn't sure that explains everything.

I think the explanation here

is that he is mimicking the call so well,

and once a few are interested,

get this big flock trying to figure out what's going on.

Our verdict?

This is another kind of UAP,

an unexplained avian phenomenon.

Dr. Hope thinks the crows are curious at the man's mimicry,

and Stephanie Manka thinks he may be offering them food,

but the locals clearly believe

this man has some kind of special

connection to these birds.

Since we can't speak to the crows,

it's impossible to say for sure

how or why they felt summoned.

And that's our show for tonight.

Thank you so much for watching.

And remember, keep those cameras rolling.