All language subtitles for The.Proof.Is.Out.There.S04E02.UFO.Over.the.Andes.the.Ohio.Grassman.and.Ancient.Horn.Mystery.1080p.HULU.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H.264-RAWR_track3_[eng]

Tonight, on "The
Proof Is Out There."

Are UFOs hiding in the clouds?

Whatever's in this photo
is clearly unnatural.

Is Bigfoot
hiding in Ohio?

Tons of Bigfoot reports come
out of this particular area.

Is there an
ancient secret hiding

on this beach?

I've never in my
life seen anything like that.

And on
this medieval sword?

You can almost
feel the mystery

emanating from this blade.

Around the
globe are videos.

What
are those things?

It's moving.

Photos and sounds
that defy explanation.

We don't know
where they come from,

who made them, or
how they operate.

What are they?

Some sort of
bizarre mutation.

What's exciting
is nobody really knows.

Extraordinary claims
need extraordinary proof.

I'm Tony Harris

and as a journalist
for more than 30 years,

I've followed the facts
where they take me.

Now, I'm bringing that
spirit of investigation

to the world's strangest
sounds and images.

We'll analyze each
one with top experts.

It's a credible case.

It's a credible video.

And pass a
verdict on what it is.

This video was clearly faked.

The proof starts now.

Good evening and welcome to
"The Proof Is Out There."

UFOs are frequently reported
to be hiding in or near clouds.

Case in point, last season
we examined a 1971 photograph

of an alleged metallic
disk nestled in the clouds

above Lake Cote, Costa Rica.

Our next story suggests that
this is an ongoing trend.

February 14th, 2010, 45 miles
southeast of Santiago, Chile,

a family of three arrives
near the El Yeso Reservoir

for a Sunday picnic
in the Andes.

It's a beautiful day,

so the mother takes 16
pictures of the valley

and the sky up above
with her digital camera.

It isn't until they return
home and review the photos

that she realizes
what she's captured.

One of the photos
shows the sun shining

in the middle of
bright white clouds.

Above it to the left is
a band of reddish clouds

and embedded within

is a seemingly massive
saucer-shaped object.

The Chilean government
reviewed the photos

and shared them with
Ted Roe who runs the

National Aviation Reporting
Center on Anomalous Phenomena,

or NARCAP.

He conducted an exhaustive
analysis of these photographs.

The photograph
contains an anomaly

in the upper left-hand quadrant.

You see the sun,

you see a fluffy layer
of cumulus clouds,

and then behind them, you see
a layer of reddish clouds.

And embedded in those
clouds is what appears

to be part of a disk.

The lines
you're seeing across

this photograph represents
separate sections

the NARCAP analysts used
to record light levels

in the photo and determine
if the object was solid.

You wanna understand how
that light is distributed.

Looking at the red, green,
and blue factors primarily

and studying the
luminance of the object

and of the environment.

Each section
is given a number value

and when that data was compared
to the surrounding area,

here's what NARCAP concluded.

This study resolves
that this is, in fact,

an external anomaly.

It does not appear to be
inserted in the photograph,

so we're left with an
unidentified aerial phenomenon.

Journalist
MJ Banias notes

that Chile is often mentioned

as the country with the
highest recorded number

of UFO sightings.

UFO enthusiasts have
even claimed this lagoon

that lies behind the
mountains surrounding

the El Yeso Reservoir could
be a UFO landing strip.

We have countless
other reports

of UFO-shaped clouds
all over Chile.

There's reports out
of Sobre, Maricunga,

and the Chilean Patagonia.

We also have a lot of reports
of other UFO sightings

around the El Yeso Reservoir.

As for
the photos showing

an alleged UFO in the clouds.

There's the theory
out there that UFOs

will hide in clouds or even
generate clouds around them

to stay hidden from humans.

In January 2023,

a similar UFO-shaped
cloud shocked residents

of a city in Turkey.

It hung in the skies
for over an hour.

What they captured here
was a lenticular cloud,

which forms when air blows
across tall structures

like a mountain range,

and causes vapor to condense

in these stunning,
disk-like shapes.

So could the object seen
in our Chilean photo

have a similar explanation
or is it a genuine UFO?

First, are we actually
looking at something

in the sky or something
in the camera?

Astronomer and video effects
designer Marc D'Antonio

has a theory that starts with
those strange colors seen

in the sky.

These are cirrus clouds.

They're ice crystals
at high altitude

that form in the atmosphere,

and sometimes the way
the sun hits them,

you get this beautiful
prismatic effect.

And that's what we're
seeing here, in my view.

Here's another thing.

If we divide the image in half,

we have the sun over here
and the object over here,

and the distance from
the center of frame

to that object is the same.

The likelihood is very small

that an object is gonna be
exactly the same distance away

from the center of
the frame as the sun,

unless you're a lens flare.

Lens flares
that can take the form

of rings, spheres,
starbursts, and other shapes

are caused when bright
light hits the camera lens,

creating artifacts.

But meteorologist Juan
Hernandez respectfully disagrees

with the lens flare theory.

Although I'm not a
photography expert,

it does not seem like we're
looking at a camera artifact.

We have this odd, orange
spot within the clouds.

I'm not exactly sure why that
would appear in that location.

Oftentimes, camera artifacts
might look like lines.

In this case, we see a blob
in the middle of the clouds.

Hernandez
explores the notion

that what we're seeing
could be lenticular clouds,

which are commonly
mistaken for UFOs.

It's possible to have
lenticular clouds in the Andes,

but only under
certain conditions

and those conditions were
not met this specific day.

We would be looking for
more moisture in the air

and faster flow
in the wind speed.

For Hernandez,
it's the reddish hue

that's the biggest mystery.

The likely explanation
towards a reddish hue

to any cloud would
be a setting sun.

We obviously don't
have a setting sun.

It's the middle of the day.

Physicist Matthew
Szydagis agrees with Hernandez

that this thing is,
indeed, a thing.

The photograph
has been studied

by UFO experts looking
for mundane explanations,

like nearby aircraft,

and they did come up empty
for this day and time.

After carefully
reviewing the NARCAP report,

Szydagis agrees
with their findings.

I agree with the conclusion
of the NARCAP report,

which suggested that this
object is truly unidentified.

So it's a genuine UFO.

That doesn't mean it's
an alien spacecraft.

It's simply means we are
unable to identify what it is.

Well, there you have it.

We're calling this
a genuine UFO.

While the Chilean government has
yet to comment on the photo,

NARCAP has released their
23-page case report

to the public, and
for more information,

you can visit narcap.org.

Now, we move from the
skies of South America

to the forests of
Middle America.

When you think of the
Bigfoot's natural habitat,

you typically think of
the Pacific Northwest,

but the video we're about
to show you suggests

the big fella may have a
Midwestern cousin prowling

the forests of
the Buckeye State.

January 12th, 2020.

We're in Salt Fork
State Park, Ohio.

Hiker Nathan Gray and
a friend are armed

with cameras and drones
to document their trek

through the woods when they
make a startling discovery.

The rib cages of several
large animals nestled

amongst the foliage.

The duo continues
to explore the area

when suddenly, they spot this.

A creature, large and humanoid,

walking through the
trees, unbothered by

or unaware of their presence.

Nathan manages to get
his camera even closer

for a better look.

Zooming in, we can see
the creature appears

to be covered in some
type of hair or fur

with lighter, almost white hair,
around the top of the head.

We had no idea what it was.

It was just moseying on along

like it didn't have
a care in the world.

Field researcher
Cliff Barackman

is not at all surprised about
where this footage was filmed.

Tons of Bigfoot reports come
out of this particular area.

Southeastern Ohio, in the
area of Salt Fork State Park,

is a thick, wooded wilderness.

The Appalachian
Mountains are no joke

and Ohio is pushed
right up against them.

Anything out of Southeast Ohio

should be looked at
very, very closely.

However, in this
particular region of the U.S.,

the locals don't use
the name Bigfoot.

They call it the Ohio Grassman,

based on the large dens it
supposedly makes of grass,

and from its diet,

which reportedly consists
mainly of tall grass

from Ohio fields.

One of the most
infamous sightings was in 1978,

when a local family claimed
to be haunted by a Grassman

that was later nicknamed
the Minerva Monster.

These people reported
large, scary monsters.

They would actually
stalk them in their home.

The family that was reporting
these sightings believed

that the Sasquatch killed
their German shepherd

by snapping its neck.

The police themselves
came to the conclusion

that this was, in
fact, a credible report

of something
incredible happening.

That sort of
violent behavior may explain

the bones Nathan and his
friend found in the woods.

And while it doesn't explain
the Grassman sightings

from decades ago,

Barackman says there may be
another possible explanation

for what's in Nathan's
video from 2020.

One other theory
that's been put forth is

that these animals are
just normal animals

that are being misidentified
after the Zanesville massacre.

In 2011, an
exotic animal collector

released 50 animals
into the Ohio woods,

including Bengal
tigers, lions, cougars,

and even a baboon.

But one of the animals

that was not killed is
a baby grizzly bear.

Could this animal
here be a survivor

of the Zanesville massacre?

The chaos in
Zanesville was a catalyst

for Ohio's exotic
animal ownership laws

that went into effect in 2014,

which shut down any other
potential Tiger Kings.

So is what we're seeing
in the video a grizzly,

a Grassman, or something else?

Our experts are
tracking the evidence.

Wildlife biologist Stephanie
Manka dismisses the idea

this could be a
surviving grizzly.

If this really
were a grizzly bear,

we would expect to
have more reports

of fecal samples,
bear claw marks,

some evidence that a bear
is living in that area.

And this being looks
really consistent

with a human in a costume.

Let's focus on this
thing's arms for a moment.

Note that all apes have
arms longer than their legs,

enabling better
quadruped movement

and efficient brachiation,

the ability to
swing between trees.

But according to anthropologist

and Sasquatch
expert Jeff Meldrum,

we're not seeing
anything like that here.

We can see the upper limb
is barely to the crotch.

That suggests human
limb proportions.

And the head is kind of
large, more like a hood.

It looks to me like
someone in camo gear

with a hoodie and insulated
pants and heavy boots on.

Our verdict? It's a hoax.

Though you have to
give the guys credit

for planting those animal bones.

Nice try, fellas.

The poet John Donne
famously wrote,

"No man is an island."

But what if an island
could move like a man?

Take a close look
at this next clip.

It's July 2021, near
the Slingsby Channel

in British Columbia, Canada.

Storm chaser and explorer,
George Kourounis,

is traveling in the area
documenting his adventures.

I was representing the
Geographical Society of Canada

on a boat trip that
was traveling around

the northern tip of
Vancouver Island.

It's very remote.

Nobody lives there,
there's no roads.

It's a wonderful piece
of pristine wilderness.

As he makes his
way along the channel,

he comes across a small
island that seems

to have taken on
a life of its own.

It was in
the Nakwakto Rapids.

It has some of the fastest
tidal flow in the world,

so the flow of the
water changes direction

several times a day.

And while I'm filming,

I'm focusing in on the
waves and the rocks.

George's video
shows a view of the channel

with a small tree-covered
islet in the middle.

But while the boat appears
to float along very slowly,

the island rushes past
it at an alarming clip.

The island
appears to have broken loose

and is traveling upstream
against the current.

George posts
his video online

and everyone who views it
joins in on his confusion.

We know that
islands don't move.

They don't float,
they're not boats.

They're pieces of land

that are sticking
up out of the water.

Why is this thing on the move?

But journalist
Erin McCarthy says,

it's not the only island
reported to be in motion.

There's also El Ojo, or
Eye Island in Argentina.

It's almost perfectly circular

and it constantly
moves and rotates.

And according to some sources,

locals believe that the
circle within a circle

is a representation
of God on earth.

Other people theorize that
it's actually covering up

a hidden, underwater alien base.

And that has led
believers of this theory

to say that that's proof

that something otherworldly
is at work here.

In addition
to islands on the move,

there are others that have
seemingly just disappeared.

Take the strange
case of Bermeja,

an island that used to be
off the coast of Mexico.

Bermeja first began
appearing on maps in 1539,

but in the late 1990s
and as recently as 2009,

when people were out there
looking into drilling rights,

it became really clear that
Bermeja didn't actually exist.

There's a conspiracy theory
that says the United States

or the CIA got rid
of the island somehow

because if it existed, it would
extend Mexico's territory.

The mysterious moving island
George caught on camera

is in the fearsome
Nakwakto Tidal Rapids,

which churn at an
intense 16 knots.

But could these tumultuous
tides really be causing

the island to move?

Our experts weighed in.

This video is so
bizarre at face value

that we asked forensic video
analyst, Michael Primeau,

to examine if it's even real.

It doesn't appear
to be something

that was layered using
alpha channeling

or green color keying.

It is something that
is in the scene.

And we could even
verify through testing

that this video came
from that specific camera

through sample CRP
testing from the sensor.

From what I've seen so far,

this recording appears
to be authentic.

So then is it really
possible for islands to move?

NASA geologist Dr.
Bob Anderson says yes.

There are a type of islands
that we call tussocks.

They're found down
in South America

where they're
dominated by growth,

and these plants become so
intertwined with each other

that they literally
form a landmass

with water underneath of them.

They may not be stable
in some areas to walk on,

but they are literally
an island that can float.

El Ojo is in
the middle of marshland,

so this is a likely explanation
for that apparent landmass.

But is George's island,
known as Turret Rock,

also a tussock?

Anderson says not so fast.

If you look at a boat or
a ship going down the water,

you're always going to have
what's called a bow wave.

The wave is going to come up

and the boat is cutting
through the water.

What you see here
is not a bow wave,

it's actually a recessive wave.

And what that means is

that the water is
literally coming around

and going down here.

So if what we're
seeing here isn't a wake,

why does it look like
this rocky mass is moving?

We have to realize that
the observer is moving

and the camera is moving.

Therefore, this thing
is an optical illusion.

There are three things that
you have to worry about.

One is the background trees,

two is the rock formation,

and three is the fact that
you yourself are moving.

Kaku says this effect
is known as motion parallax.

Now if you're in a car and
you're overtaking another car,

the car that you're
overtaking goes backwards.

And you say to yourself,
well, that's not possible.

How can a car go
backwards on a freeway?

It's because the
observer is moving

and you have the illusion that
the observer is stationary.

And as you
can see in this video

where the boat is stationary,

the same island does
not appear to move.

This parallax effect
could trick the brain

into thinking that
something else is going on,

because movement is
where the mind focuses.

Our verdict?

Turret Rock isn't
actually moving.

It just appears to be because
of the motion parallax effect.

As for the vanishing
island of Bermeja,

it likely spawned from
a map-making error.

But perhaps we'll never
know if it really existed.

Many cultures around the
world have ancient myths

and legends of
tree-human hybrids.

For example, the Jinmenju of
Japanese mythology is a tree

that grows human
heads as its fruit.

Are such stories just myth, or
could it actually be possible

for a tree-human
hybrid to exist?

Before you answer,
take a look at this.

2007, Java, Indonesia.

American physician,
Anthony Gaspari,

travels almost
10,000 miles to meet

and examine a new patient,

a 35-year-old carpenter
who goes by Dede.

The images you're about
to see may be disturbing.

Really, the
question that I had,

because it was so dramatic and
there was so much deformity,

was this real or was this
something that was staged?

These photographs
are truly astonishing.

This gentleman was
given the name Tree Man

because of the growth all
over his hands and feet.

They look like
bark, essentially.

These patches extend
over six inches out

from his fingers
in all directions.

When Dr. Gaspari
finally examines Dede,

he quickly realizes his
condition is no hoax.

He had
difficulty moving.

And the first thing that
he communicated to me

was that he wanted
to get better.

And so we drew blood,
we took specimens,

and we brought it back to the
United States to be analyzed.

Soon, the
whole world shares

the doctor's amazement.

Wild speculation erupts around
what we're actually seeing.

Some people on the
internet speculated that

this person was half
tree, half human,

like the dryad mythology,

where a spirit inhabits
a tree and makes it move.

People also speculate

if it's an infectious
condition that could spread.

Some say that this
growth reminds them

of the fungus made popular in
a recent television program.

That fungus was
based on cordyceps,

which is a fungus that grows
on and inside of its host

and eventually takes
over its nervous system

and kinda takes
control of the animal,

turning them into a
fungal-animal hybrid.

There is certainly
anecdotal evidence

of humans playing
host to plant life.

In 2013, a 16-month-old
girl in Beijing, China

had a fully developed
dandelion growing in her ear

that had to be
surgically removed.

But could some invasive
species of vegetation

or a fungus live off a person
on such a massive scale?

Let's see what our
experts unearth.

We start by addressing
the wildest speculation

that somehow Dede was becoming
some sort of tree-human hybrid.

Anthropologist Kathy
Strain is familiar

with the worldwide
historical myths

surrounding these
humanoid plant creatures,

but says it's a silly theory
that contradicts science.

Plants live on carbon dioxide.

They breathe it in
and exhale oxygen.

Humans are the reverse.

We breathe in oxygen and
exhale carbon dioxide.

And those two cannot be
together in the same organism.

I do not believe that
this photograph represents

a true human-plant hybrid.

Physician Ed
Hope thinks basic genetics

support Strain's opinion.

We share a staggering 50%
of our genes with plants,

but even this isn't enough
for us to produce a hybrid.

The animal with the closest
common ancestor to humans

is the chimpanzee where we
share 98.8% of our genes,

and still this isn't
enough to produce a hybrid.

So if it's not
genetically possible

for a person to transform
into a plant-human hybrid

like in folklore,

could a disease or
fungus, like cordyceps,

infect a human like in TV shows?

You may have
heard of cordyceps

within popular
science fiction shows,

but thankfully for us,
it only infects insects.

Cordyceps can't grow
much above 80 degrees

and our bodies at 97 to 99
degrees are just too hot for it.

Okay, but if
it's not a fungus,

could it be a plant
growing on Dede,

like that dandelion in
a little girl's ear?

In order for tree
bark to survive,

it has to have a
leaf coming off of it

that can then take that
sunlight for energy

and he has no root system

that can go into the ground
in order to get water.

And so, over time, it
would die and fall off.

The mystery of Dede's
condition is finally solved

after Dr. Gaspari examines
the samples taken back

to his lab, putting the
tree man myths to rest.

It's a wart virus
infection caused by

human papillomavirus,

which was a result of a severe,
underlying immune deficiency.

Dede's tragic
genetic condition

is called Lewandowsky-Lutz
dysplasia.

Only 500 cases ever reported.

Unfortunately, there
is no known cure.

Our verdict?

The rare disease
Lewandowsky-Lutz dysplasia.

Even though there was no cure,

surgeries did give Dede brief
respites from his suffering.

At one point, he was even
able to wear flip flops again.

Unfortunately, Dede succumbed
to his illness in 2016,

but his fight to get his life
back remains an inspiration.

So many good things
come in pairs.

Ears, socks, but UFOs?

Take a look at
our next sighting,

which has one loyal Proof
viewer seeing double.

Memorial Day 2022.
Lubbock, Texas.

Insurance agent Blake Bednarz
is lounging by the pool

with his family when
he spots something odd.

Or more specifically,

two somethings flying in
the sky above his house.

It prompts him to begin
recording on his smartphone.

These were unlike anything
I've ever seen before.

They made no sound whatsoever.

Look closely.

The objects appear to
fly in perfect formation

at a very tight
distance to one another.

They coordinate every turn,

seeming to anticipate
one another's changes.

What's strange is
no one said bird.

That never came to anyone's
mind because of the sheer size.

In my opinion, the two
objects were about the size

of a small Cessna aircraft.

Lubbock, Texas is no
stranger to heavy air traffic,

both identified
and unidentified.

Author Amy Teitel explains
Lubbock's rich UFO history.

This sighting is happening
in the exact same location

as one of the most famous
UAP sightings in history,

the 1951 Lubbock Lights,

wherein a large V formation
of individual orbs of lights

was seen over Lubbock, Texas.

These lights were also
seen by scientists

at the Texas Technical College.

They all reported seeing

somewhere between
15 and 30 lights

floating in the sky in
a V-shaped formation.

Another
fact to bear in mind,

the area is nearby
three military bases.

Lubbock is very close
to multiple military bases

in Clovis, Wichita
Falls, and Abilene.

So it's very possible
that this is something

that originated from one
of those military bases.

Blake is clearly a
dogged UFO investigator.

In fact, he said he
later tried to search

for the objects he saw on
public flight radar sites,

but he came up empty handed.

Will our experts?

Let's start with the
biggest question.

Could Blake have captured
an alien spacecraft?

Aviation expert Tim McMillan
has strong thoughts.

You see wings on both objects.

What that tells us is A,
we can rule out spacecraft.

Airplanes are designed to fly
within the earth's atmosphere

by using gravity and using
air currents to generate lift.

Now, in the vacuum of
space, you don't need wings.

Could it be
a military plane then?

Online speculation of Blake's
footage noted similarities

to the T-6 Texan II.

It's a plane often used
in Air Force training.

As you can see by
this cockpit footage,

instructors use the T-6

to help new pilots get over
the fear of flying very close

in combat formation.

But a T-6 should
show up on radar.

And remember, Blake's radar
data research turned up

a whole lotta nada,

and McMillan says something
else is missing too.

A T-6 is a World
War II-era propeller plane

that is still in
use to this day.

That wouldn't be
what we're looking at

because we don't see the tail
stabilizers of that aircraft.

We're just missing that
really key component.

So if it's
not a spacecraft

and not a typical
military fighter,

can it just be a pair
of large birds soaring,

as more than a few
online critics insist?

Large birds are very likely
what we're seeing here.

If you look very closely,

throughout the video,
there are certain portions

where you can actually
see what appears

to be the wings dip
and flap slightly,

especially towards the corners.

Now consider this.

In this footage of
soaring white pelicans,

you'll see that they do soar

in a similar manner
to Blake's objects.

But notice how often they flap
compared to Blake's footage.

And when they do flap, it's
never with just one wing

the way Blake's
objects appear to.

Plus, the wings on Blake's
objects seem extremely rigid.

It's this rigidity that has
astronomer and video analyst,

Marc D'Antonio, doubting
the bird theory.

If those wings don't move,

it's possible that
we're looking at a pair

of drones flying in formation.

There is a certain point
when they turn to the side.

Look where the wings are

relative to the
back of the body.

The wings seem to
be further back

and the front seems
to be extended.

That reminds me of an
aircraft, rather than a bird.

These are definitely human made

and I know that the
military experiments

with bird-shaped drones.

I've seen them, so
this is a possibility.

Our verdict?
Bird-shaped drones.

We're gonna go with D'Antonio.

The motion of the
craft is what does it.

But did we witness some sort
of brand-new technology?

According to reports,

scientists are looking into
transforming the bodies

of deceased birds into
actual flapping wing drones

that might enable new ways of
spying for military purposes.

If you think you've
seen one, let us know.

Ancient tribes would
frequently use animal horns

as a way to frighten the enemy.

But what's truly frightening
about our next video

is imagining what
type of creature

could have been attached
to a monstrous horn

found on a beach.

May 25th, 2020. Sudbrook, Wales.

It's low tide on Black Rock
Beach and two net fishermen,

Martin and Richard Morgan,

are wandering after some
unusual weekend storms.

All of a sudden, they
discover something

they believe to be
of great importance.

Martin pulls out his
camera and records this.

We've spotted
this poking out of the sand.

Pull it out, Rich.
See what it is.

Richard begins
to gently dig the object

from the earth.

Bone,
yeah, definitely bone

from the looks of it, Rich.

Suspense is killing.

Look the size of this.

Mammoth. Mammoth tusk.

I've never in my life
seen anything like that.

That's thousands of years old.

Mythology is filled
with tales of horned creatures,

from the Greek Minotaur
to the Japanese oni.

But field researcher
Ken Gerhard points

to one that is specific
to this region.

In terms of the
United Kingdom,

a mythological creature
that a lot of people

haven't heard of is called
a Centicore, or Yale.

First described by the
ancient Roman naturalist,

Pliny the Elder.

He said the Yale was
about as large as a horse,

black in color,

but it had tusks
like a wild boar,

in addition to very large horns

that it could actually rotate
independently of each other.

The Yale was used as
a symbolic totem of prestige,

both for the
British royal family

and the university
that is named after it.

And the creatures were believed

to perform swashbuckling
duels against one another

with their rotating horns.

Gerhard suggests another theory,

that perhaps we are looking
at a long-lost relic

of the ice age.

We can't discount
the possibility

that this is the
remains of some ancient,

Pleistocene, megafaunal animal,

such as a woolly mammoth.

In February of 2022,

a plethora of animal
bones was discovered

at a cave system
in Devon, England,

just several hours south from
where this horn was found.

Many researchers theorize that
between 30 to 60,000 years ago,

there was a sinkhole or pit

that trapped
unsuspecting animals

and dropped them into this cave.

The groundbreaking discovery
included the bones

of a woolly mammoth.

Just mere miles from where
this mystery horn was found,

there's actually an
extensive cave system

known as Clearwell Caves.

So I think there's
a strong possibility

that this could be some
type of mammoth tusk

that was in a cave system
and then somehow washed up

and was rediscovered
just a few miles away.

While the vast majority
of woolly mammoths died

at the end of the
Pleistocene era,

there was still a small number
that actually stuck around

for a few thousand years longer,

sharing the Earth
with human beings.

In fact, while King
Tut ruled Egypt,

mammoths were still
roaming around several

isolated sections of the globe.

Let's see if our experts
think this found object

could have belonged
to one of them.

Biologist Floyd Hayes reveals
that a mammoth tusk ending up

in this muddy terrain is
certainly a possibility.

He points to the history
of the sunken region

known as Doggerland.

Doggerland was an
area that once connected

the British islands with
the mainland of Europe.

There were several large mammals

that roamed across the
British island to Eurasia,

and one of them was
the woolly mammoth.

But as the glaciers melted,
the sea levels rose,

and then there was a tsunami

that eroded away the final
remnants of Doggerland.

So are we
looking at an actual tusk

from a prehistoric mammoth

that made the journey over
what is now the North Sea?

Take another look
at the evidence.

Mammoth tusks come
from the upper incisors

and they normally grow
about 8 to 14 feet long.

This horn's only
about 27 inches long,

so it's a little bit too short
and thin to be a mammoth.

According to Hayes,
the curvature suggests

that this couldn't
even be a fragment

of a much larger mammoth tusk.

So what about the mythical Yale?

Anthropologist Kathy
Strain digs in.

The Yale was known
to have these horns

that could spin in
multiple directions.

A horn is bone and it's
attached to your skull.

For a bone to move, it
has to have a joint.

And what you can see at
the end of this horn is

that it broke off of the skull
because it's fully bone

and it does not have
the ability to move.

There is no creature
that we know of,

either alive or
through fossilization,

that can have movable horns.

If this
isn't a mammoth tusk

or a horn from a mythical Yale,

we find ourselves on
the horns of a dilemma.

Just what is this thing?

What I think we are
seeing is the horn

of an auroch that went
extinct back in the 1600s.

It was a large cattle
that occupied the UK

for thousands of years
and then went extinct.

The auroch was
a colossal, aggressive,

and potentially dangerous animal

that averaged around
six feet in height

and weighed more
than 3,000 pounds

with horns that could grow
up to five feet in length

from tip to tip.

Like many of the megafauna,

the auroch went extinct
due to the hands of humans.

Their horns were very
prized as drinking vessels,

and so they were often
hunted just for their horns

and not their meat.

It's still a great find and
there's very few of them known.

So we're happy that they
were able to find this horn.

Our verdict? An auroch horn.

The size and location
are what nailed it.

It seems unbelievable
that such a large creature

lived alongside
humanity for so long.

In fact, the auroch was even
used to battle gladiators

in the Roman Colosseum.

I bet the prestigious Yale
never got its hands that dirty.

We love a good magical sword.

Arthur's Excalibur,
Bilbo Baggins' Sting,

Harry Potter's
Sword of Gryffindor.

Now, the mysterious sword in
our next story doesn't seem

to have magical powers,

but maybe that's just
because no one can read

what's inscribed on it.

1825. Lincolnshire, England.

An ancient weapon is discovered
in the bottom of River Witham.

The sword isn't just
cool, it's cool AF.

On one side is a mysterious
inscription made by gold wire

that has been inlaid
into the steel

with this strange
group of letters.

What do they mean?

The British Library,
where the sword resides,

has been so puzzled
by the inscription,

it's requested help in cracking

the seemingly
incomprehensible code.

The sword itself
is very impressive.

It has a gold inlay,
which is incredibly rare.

But the Museum of London,
with all the resources

and the people that
they've had to study it,

still nobody knows
exactly what it says.

Journalist Eric
Grundhauser takes a stab

at some theories that
have been offered,

starting with the
famous Knights Templar.

The Knights Templar,

in their distinctive white
mantles and red cross,

were one of the most
fearsome fighting forces

of the Crusades.

Mysterious
stories surrounding

the Knights Templar
continue to this day.

Chief among them, the
hotly contested claim

that their mission was
to protect the Holy Grail

and the alleged bloodline
of Jesus Christ.

Many speculate that
they communicated

in their own secret code,
known as the Templar cipher.

Is this
possibly code left over

from the Knights Templar?

Or maybe even an incantation
meant to imbue the blade

and its user with
unearthly powers.

But another theory says

this sword may go
back much further.

According to the legends,

there was a prince named
Siegfried, or Sigurd,

who lived near the
Rhine River in Germany,

and he needed to slay
the dragon Fafnir.

And Sigurd needed a mythic blade

and found it in the
sword named Gram.

With Gram, Sigurd slayed
Fafnir and bathed

in the dragon's blood,
making himself invincible.

Siegfried
and Sigurd are names

for the same hero who shows up

in both Germanic and
Norse tales from old.

The difference with
Sigurd, however,

is that he may have
actually been real.

The legends of Sigurd
may have been based

on real historical figures,

specifically kings from
the Merovingian dynasty.

Researchers have said
that the sword was

actually forged in Germany.

So could this be
the legendary Gram?

Germany, like much
of North and Central Europe,

was often a mishmash
of ethnicities

that invaded and intermingled
with each other for centuries.

The Norseman were
all over the place,

and many stashes of weapons
that they left behind

have been discovered
all over the UK,

which could explain how
such a sword ended up here.

Some think that
the inscription was meant

to enchant the
blade and give power

to both the blade
itself and its user.

The Norse Vikings
were big believers in this,

frequently carving the
runic letter for Tyr,

the Norse God of war, onto
their swords and shields

for a supposed magical
assist on the battleground.

The Germanic people are
thought to have originated

from a small area of Scandinavia
during the 4th century BC.

So the Norse Vikings
were technically Germanic

and even share some mythologies.

Let's see if our
experts can determine

if this sword is part
of a myth, a legend,

or none of the above.

Archeologist and anthropologist
Kathy Strain shoots down

the Norse mythology theory

by pointing to one
particular symbol

that would never have appeared
on Sigurd's sword, Gram.

There are symbols of
crosses on the sword

and those symbols are
definitely Christian.

However, the Vikings
practiced polytheism,

meaning they worship many gods.

Christianity worshipped one God.

And so because of
the Christian symbols

that are on the sword,

we can safely rule
out that this is Gram,

the well-known sword.

Archeologist
Ed Barnhart agrees

with Strain's observation
that this inscription

is most certainly reflective
of Christian faith.

It's a series of
Latin characters

that don't spell
out a single word.

Instead, they are the initials
of a much longer statement.

The first two letters are ND,

which is probably Nostrus
Domini, which is "our Lord".

The next three are XOX.

That meant the Holy Trinity.

So the first few letters
do seem like the opening

of a Christian prayer.

So could this
sword be associated

with the Knights Templar?

Barnhart believes so.

The inscription is bracketed

by two Christian crosses
of very specific design,

the very cross of
the Knights Templar,

which says that
either it was a gift

from the Knights Templar,

or it was used by Knights
Templar themselves.

And as for those
inscriptions giving

the sword magic powers?

By the time we come

into Christianity's
dominance of Europe,

they're now using
that same thing,

but it's the magical power
of God inscribed on the sword

in the language of the
day, which was Latin.

And the theory is that, by
throwing them into the river,

they were returning them back

to the magical powers
of God and nature.

Our verdict?

Based on the information
our experts provided,

we're going with
Templar Knight sword.

But since it was personally
crafted for its wielder,

we may never know
what the inscription

was fully meant to say

or if it did indeed protect
its owner with powers from God.

And that's our show for tonight.

If you know of any
other medieval mysteries

we should investigate,
let us know.

And prith be rememberest to
keep thine cameras rolling.