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1
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♪♪
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Wolter: The story of our past
hinges on present day finds.
3
00:00:14,648 --> 00:00:17,216
This is a crazy, weird chamber,
4
00:00:17,218 --> 00:00:20,853
And it is in the
middle of nowhere.
5
00:00:20,855 --> 00:00:24,757
The landscape hides
the unexpected.
6
00:00:24,759 --> 00:00:26,392
Do you think that
giants built this wall?
7
00:00:26,394 --> 00:00:29,428
That's for you
guys to figure out.
8
00:00:29,430 --> 00:00:31,163
And the unexplored.
9
00:00:31,165 --> 00:00:33,866
That could be the
entrance to the treasure.
10
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My job is to explain
the unexplainable.
11
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The only question I have is,
"where am I going next?"
12
00:00:44,445 --> 00:00:48,280
The history that we were
all taught growing up is wrong.
13
00:00:48,282 --> 00:00:51,016
My name is scott wolter,
and I'm a forensic geologist.
14
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There's a hidden history in this
country that nobody knows about.
15
00:00:55,523 --> 00:00:57,423
There are pyramids here,
16
00:00:57,425 --> 00:01:00,459
Chambers, tombs, inscriptions.
17
00:01:00,461 --> 00:01:02,828
They're all over this country.
18
00:01:02,830 --> 00:01:05,264
We're gonna investigate
these artifacts and sites,
19
00:01:05,266 --> 00:01:06,999
And we're gonna
get to the truth.
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Sometimes, history
isn't what we've been told.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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Kids have long been taught
that the first european
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To reach america was
christopher columbus in 1492,
25
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But that's not true.
26
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We now know the
vikings beat him,
27
00:01:40,634 --> 00:01:44,670
But I think other explorers
did too, centuries earlier.
28
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I'm always looking for
more definitive proof,
29
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And today I'm feeling lucky.
30
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I'm heading to rock springs,
wyoming,
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Where a husband and wife want
to show me a good luck charm
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That they believe
proves the phoenicians,
33
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Famous ancient sailors
of the mediterranean,
34
00:02:00,988 --> 00:02:02,754
Came here to the cowboy state
35
00:02:02,756 --> 00:02:05,791
Over 1,000 years
before columbus.
36
00:02:05,793 --> 00:02:10,362
If they're right, it'll rewrite
the history books forever.
37
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-Hi, guys.
-Hey, hi.
38
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-You must be patrice.
-I am patrice.
39
00:02:13,968 --> 00:02:15,767
-And don.
-Yep, good to meet you.
40
00:02:15,769 --> 00:02:17,069
Nice to meet you.
41
00:02:17,071 --> 00:02:19,771
So I understand you
have an artifact.
42
00:02:19,773 --> 00:02:21,406
Can I take a look at it?
43
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-She's got it with her.
-Okay.
44
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Wow, this is awesome!
45
00:02:27,882 --> 00:02:29,548
So who found this?
46
00:02:29,550 --> 00:02:32,151
My mom did,
years ago.
47
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Like what,
75 years ago?
48
00:02:34,054 --> 00:02:36,054
It's a sandstone
for sure.
49
00:02:36,056 --> 00:02:37,890
There's definitely
carved characters here.
50
00:02:37,892 --> 00:02:40,459
This is definitely manmade,
no doubt about that.
51
00:02:40,461 --> 00:02:43,128
My mom, she was 12 years
old when she found it.
52
00:02:43,130 --> 00:02:44,663
Come upon it,
and knew it was
53
00:02:44,665 --> 00:02:47,699
Something more than
just an ordinary rock.
54
00:02:47,701 --> 00:02:49,902
Where was it found?
Somewhere up here, right?
55
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It was. I can take you
to the general area.
56
00:02:52,173 --> 00:02:54,373
Well, I would like to see
roughly where it came from.
57
00:02:54,375 --> 00:02:56,742
-All right. Let's do it.
-Okay.
58
00:02:56,744 --> 00:03:00,979
Wolter: Rock springs is known as
the home of 56 nationalities
59
00:03:00,981 --> 00:03:03,515
Because an influx of
immigrants came to work
60
00:03:03,517 --> 00:03:06,552
In the coal mines here
in the late 1800s,
61
00:03:06,554 --> 00:03:09,321
But if this artifact proves
the phoenicians came here
62
00:03:09,323 --> 00:03:12,124
2,000 years ago, they
might have to start
63
00:03:12,126 --> 00:03:15,627
Calling it the home of 57.
64
00:03:15,629 --> 00:03:18,230
First and foremost, I want
to look at the geology.
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00:03:18,232 --> 00:03:22,234
♪♪
66
00:03:22,236 --> 00:03:25,437
The question is, "could this
rock have come from this area?"
67
00:03:25,439 --> 00:03:27,940
The answer is, "yes."
68
00:03:27,942 --> 00:03:31,710
This is a sandstone,
this is a sandstone,
69
00:03:31,712 --> 00:03:34,646
And if you look at them,
the size of the sand grains
70
00:03:34,648 --> 00:03:37,683
In this sandstone
look very similar.
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00:03:37,685 --> 00:03:39,918
Wolter: If the carved stone
don's mom found
72
00:03:39,920 --> 00:03:42,120
Was something other
than sandstone,
73
00:03:42,122 --> 00:03:45,057
We'd know it could
have come from afar,
74
00:03:45,059 --> 00:03:47,793
But because more than
half the exposed rock
75
00:03:47,795 --> 00:03:51,163
In the phoenician's home
base, modern day lebanon,
76
00:03:51,165 --> 00:03:53,131
Is sandstone just like this,
77
00:03:53,133 --> 00:03:56,034
Which is a trademark of
the city's architecture,
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00:03:56,036 --> 00:03:58,503
I need more evidence to
figure out if this rock
79
00:03:58,505 --> 00:04:03,775
Was carved here in wyoming
or half a world away.
80
00:04:03,777 --> 00:04:05,077
Wolter:
Why was your mother
up here?
81
00:04:05,079 --> 00:04:08,013
Don:
She was up here
horseback riding.
82
00:04:08,015 --> 00:04:11,149
Wolter: Lorene bolen was a
coal miner's daughter,
83
00:04:11,151 --> 00:04:15,053
Who moved from rural indiana
to wyoming when she was young.
84
00:04:15,055 --> 00:04:18,557
After losing her dad to a
freak accident at age 9,
85
00:04:18,559 --> 00:04:22,027
Lorene was a kid who
could use a lucky break.
86
00:04:22,029 --> 00:04:26,531
She was up here by
some water tanks,
87
00:04:26,533 --> 00:04:30,102
And she stopped there and
just happened to notice it.
88
00:04:30,104 --> 00:04:31,169
What happened next?
89
00:04:31,171 --> 00:04:32,671
Well, she took it home.
90
00:04:32,673 --> 00:04:34,306
She had it with her
a lot of the time,
91
00:04:34,308 --> 00:04:35,641
And showed it to
a lot of people,
92
00:04:35,643 --> 00:04:38,443
But nobody could
tell her what it was.
93
00:04:38,445 --> 00:04:41,113
She sent pictures of it to
the university of wyoming,
94
00:04:41,115 --> 00:04:42,781
And they didn't
know what it was.
95
00:04:42,783 --> 00:04:44,916
She just always was
trying to find out.
96
00:04:44,918 --> 00:04:46,051
She was curious.
97
00:04:46,053 --> 00:04:47,185
-She was very curious.
-Very much so.
98
00:04:47,187 --> 00:04:49,121
Did she go
to anyone else?
99
00:04:49,123 --> 00:04:53,659
She sent a copy of the
picture to the smithsonian.
100
00:04:53,661 --> 00:04:57,362
They sent a letter back
saying it's really nothing.
101
00:04:57,364 --> 00:05:00,465
They didn't want anything
to do with it, basically,
102
00:05:00,467 --> 00:05:03,735
And so she got mad and
threw the letter away.
103
00:05:03,737 --> 00:05:05,170
Well, that doesn't
surprise me.
104
00:05:05,172 --> 00:05:08,640
The smithsonian doesn't
particularly care for anybody
105
00:05:08,642 --> 00:05:09,975
Who brings
something forward
106
00:05:09,977 --> 00:05:13,512
That might change the
historical narrative.
107
00:05:13,514 --> 00:05:14,813
Besides the smithsonian,
108
00:05:14,815 --> 00:05:17,716
Did anybody else look
at the inscription?
109
00:05:17,718 --> 00:05:19,017
Yes.
110
00:05:19,019 --> 00:05:21,119
Here's the letter
from dr. Barry fell
111
00:05:21,121 --> 00:05:22,988
Who was immediately able
112
00:05:22,990 --> 00:05:25,424
To identify and
translate the script.
113
00:05:25,426 --> 00:05:29,728
Barry fell, he was a
scholar from harvard.
114
00:05:29,730 --> 00:05:31,463
He was one of the
first guys to come out
115
00:05:31,465 --> 00:05:33,432
Who was an academic
to say that, "yes,
116
00:05:33,434 --> 00:05:36,268
There were people that came
here long before columbus."
117
00:05:36,270 --> 00:05:39,037
In fact, people had been coming
here for thousands of years.
118
00:05:39,039 --> 00:05:42,240
It mentions phoenician
people in there.
119
00:05:42,242 --> 00:05:46,011
The way he explained it
is it starts and goes,
120
00:05:46,013 --> 00:05:48,313
It goes vertically
first, start at the top,
121
00:05:48,315 --> 00:05:50,182
And do an s-shape
on the way down.
122
00:05:50,184 --> 00:05:52,684
And here's
the translation.
123
00:05:52,686 --> 00:05:53,952
Keep safe.
124
00:05:53,954 --> 00:05:56,088
Do not break
the stone.
125
00:05:56,090 --> 00:05:58,523
Misfortune it
turns away.
126
00:05:58,525 --> 00:06:00,325
It protects
against evil.
127
00:06:00,327 --> 00:06:03,495
Strikes harm
and turns it aside.
128
00:06:05,432 --> 00:06:08,467
Wolter: We know the phoenicians
were merchant sailors.
129
00:06:08,469 --> 00:06:11,103
You see their ships
and exploits depicted
130
00:06:11,105 --> 00:06:14,973
In the art of their neighbors,
the egyptians and the greeks.
131
00:06:14,975 --> 00:06:18,410
And herodotus, known as the
world's first historian,
132
00:06:18,412 --> 00:06:20,145
Wrote about the
phoenician's claim
133
00:06:20,147 --> 00:06:22,547
To have circumnavigated africa.
134
00:06:22,549 --> 00:06:25,951
Maybe a phoenician sailor
left behind an inscribed rock
135
00:06:25,953 --> 00:06:29,321
That later became lorene bolen's
good luck charm.
136
00:06:29,323 --> 00:06:31,757
I'm open to the idea,
because of everything
137
00:06:31,759 --> 00:06:34,359
I know about the phoenicians.
138
00:06:34,361 --> 00:06:36,161
Basically what
barry fell is saying
139
00:06:36,163 --> 00:06:39,364
Is that this is an amulet
or a good luck charm.
140
00:06:39,366 --> 00:06:41,900
Something to keep
bad spirits away.
141
00:06:41,902 --> 00:06:43,001
Does that make sense?
142
00:06:43,003 --> 00:06:44,369
We think so.
143
00:06:44,371 --> 00:06:46,505
It does with my
mom's life, yeah.
144
00:06:46,507 --> 00:06:48,440
With your mom's life,
what do you mean by that?
145
00:06:48,442 --> 00:06:52,411
There was a time when she
went to jackpot, nevada,
146
00:06:52,413 --> 00:06:55,046
When she was down to her
last couple of quarters,
147
00:06:55,048 --> 00:06:59,317
Put them in a slot
machine, and won $48,000.
148
00:06:59,319 --> 00:07:01,486
She hit it big!
149
00:07:01,488 --> 00:07:03,688
Let me guess,
she attributed it
150
00:07:03,690 --> 00:07:06,091
To this good luck
charm, right?
151
00:07:06,093 --> 00:07:08,894
I think in a lot
of ways, she did.
152
00:07:08,896 --> 00:07:11,229
Wolter: This isn't the first
time I've investigated
153
00:07:11,231 --> 00:07:14,866
The possibility that the
phoenicians made it to america.
154
00:07:14,868 --> 00:07:17,436
A while back, I met a
professor in new England
155
00:07:17,438 --> 00:07:19,738
Who theorized there
was a map of the world
156
00:07:19,740 --> 00:07:22,407
Hidden on the back
of a phoenician coin
157
00:07:22,409 --> 00:07:24,676
Minted in 350 b.C.
158
00:07:24,678 --> 00:07:28,447
♪♪
159
00:07:28,449 --> 00:07:30,081
Wolter:
The question is,
"could the phoenicians
160
00:07:30,083 --> 00:07:32,617
Have gotten here and
carved that stone?"
161
00:07:32,619 --> 00:07:34,986
The oceans and rivers
were not barriers
162
00:07:34,988 --> 00:07:36,388
Like many people think.
163
00:07:36,390 --> 00:07:38,790
I mean, they were
highways, super highways,
164
00:07:38,792 --> 00:07:41,927
Especially going back
thousands of years.
165
00:07:41,929 --> 00:07:44,396
Wolter: I've seen evidence of
pre-columbian contact
166
00:07:44,398 --> 00:07:46,631
All over the americas.
167
00:07:46,633 --> 00:07:49,801
Ancient mariners like the
vikings, the early irish,
168
00:07:49,803 --> 00:07:52,871
And the polynesians left
behind rock formations,
169
00:07:52,873 --> 00:07:56,374
Language, and canoe
building technology.
170
00:07:56,376 --> 00:07:58,176
In the case of the polynesians,
171
00:07:58,178 --> 00:08:01,513
They even brought back
foods like the sweet potato.
172
00:08:01,515 --> 00:08:03,014
Now, there's
a little more
173
00:08:03,016 --> 00:08:04,449
That I'd like to
do with the stone.
174
00:08:04,451 --> 00:08:05,617
I've got
a microscope.
175
00:08:05,619 --> 00:08:06,985
Is it okay if
we take a look?
176
00:08:06,987 --> 00:08:08,587
-Let's do it.
-That would be awesome.
177
00:08:08,589 --> 00:08:10,522
Okay.
178
00:08:10,524 --> 00:08:12,858
Wolter: The growth of
microscopic organisms
179
00:08:12,860 --> 00:08:16,628
Or evidence of erosion can help
me date artifacts like this.
180
00:08:16,630 --> 00:08:18,964
Okay, here we go.
181
00:08:18,966 --> 00:08:20,432
That's coming up
pretty good there.
182
00:08:20,434 --> 00:08:24,002
You can see
the carved lines.
183
00:08:24,004 --> 00:08:26,571
Focus it just a
little bit there.
184
00:08:26,573 --> 00:08:30,742
♪♪
185
00:08:30,744 --> 00:08:32,844
Huh.
186
00:08:32,846 --> 00:08:37,015
I'm seeing something
I don't like.
187
00:08:37,017 --> 00:08:38,783
Has somebody messed
with this at all,
188
00:08:38,785 --> 00:08:40,585
Or done something
to it?
189
00:08:40,587 --> 00:08:43,655
♪♪
190
00:08:51,031 --> 00:08:58,837
♪♪
191
00:08:58,839 --> 00:09:06,745
♪♪
192
00:09:06,747 --> 00:09:09,514
I see something
here I don't like.
193
00:09:09,516 --> 00:09:12,217
Has somebody been
messing with this?
194
00:09:12,219 --> 00:09:17,155
Yeah.
My mom, naive,
195
00:09:17,157 --> 00:09:18,723
Tried to get
a picture of it
196
00:09:18,725 --> 00:09:21,826
And it didn't show up very
well, so she took a nail to it.
197
00:09:21,828 --> 00:09:23,929
So she recut
the carvings?
198
00:09:23,931 --> 00:09:27,899
She went in deeper so it
would photograph better.
199
00:09:27,901 --> 00:09:30,302
Wolter: If someone scratches
over old marks,
200
00:09:30,304 --> 00:09:32,237
They might as well
be fresh ones.
201
00:09:32,239 --> 00:09:35,440
She was trying to be helpful,
but unfortunately for me,
202
00:09:35,442 --> 00:09:39,744
A lot of the evidence that is
the most helpful in aging this
203
00:09:39,746 --> 00:09:41,246
Would be in the grooves,
204
00:09:41,248 --> 00:09:43,848
And if she scratched it
out, that evidence is gone.
205
00:09:43,850 --> 00:09:47,519
Wolter:
Since lorene ran a nail across
the original inscription,
206
00:09:47,521 --> 00:09:49,854
There's no way to see
the natural weathering,
207
00:09:49,856 --> 00:09:53,992
And no microorganisms left
inside for me to date.
208
00:09:53,994 --> 00:09:55,794
When someone uses
something sharp
209
00:09:55,796 --> 00:09:58,863
To clean out an inscription,
I can no longer tell
210
00:09:58,865 --> 00:10:00,966
How naturally weathered and worn
211
00:10:00,968 --> 00:10:02,767
The edges of the
inscription were,
212
00:10:02,769 --> 00:10:05,303
Meaning there's
no way to evaluate
213
00:10:05,305 --> 00:10:07,606
How long ago it was carved.
214
00:10:07,608 --> 00:10:11,409
You know this is unfortunate,
but I think I have a plan,
215
00:10:11,411 --> 00:10:14,045
Another way that we can
get to the bottom of this.
216
00:10:14,047 --> 00:10:21,319
♪♪
217
00:10:21,321 --> 00:10:24,322
Wolter: It's too bad I won't be
able to accurately date
218
00:10:24,324 --> 00:10:26,391
Lorene bolen's carving,
219
00:10:26,393 --> 00:10:29,694
But I know of a secret
shoshone site here in wyoming
220
00:10:29,696 --> 00:10:33,565
That might support phoenician
contact with this area
221
00:10:33,567 --> 00:10:36,034
As long as 2,000 years ago.
222
00:10:36,036 --> 00:10:42,140
♪♪
223
00:10:42,142 --> 00:10:48,279
♪♪
224
00:10:48,281 --> 00:10:51,082
Wolter:
Well, linea, I just recently
looked at an artifact
225
00:10:51,084 --> 00:10:54,853
That has been interpreted
to be phoenician script.
226
00:10:54,855 --> 00:10:57,756
The reason I am here
is to see if this site
227
00:10:57,758 --> 00:10:59,424
Potentially has
a connection
228
00:10:59,426 --> 00:11:03,294
To the phoenicians coming
here to the new world.
229
00:11:03,296 --> 00:11:06,531
If there is a connection, we
can look for it right here.
230
00:11:06,533 --> 00:11:09,267
♪♪
231
00:11:09,269 --> 00:11:12,037
Wolter:
I'm told there is evidence
of a shoshone legend
232
00:11:12,039 --> 00:11:15,740
Called the "water ghost woman"
on this stone outcrop
233
00:11:15,742 --> 00:11:18,176
In the middle of nowhere.
234
00:11:18,178 --> 00:11:19,344
Sundstrom:
Why don't you tell me
235
00:11:19,346 --> 00:11:20,812
What you think
you're seeing here.
236
00:11:20,814 --> 00:11:23,348
This one here looks like a
female, am I right about that?
237
00:11:23,350 --> 00:11:24,883
Mm-hmm.
238
00:11:24,885 --> 00:11:27,686
She's a ghost, and
she lives in the water
239
00:11:27,688 --> 00:11:30,121
So she's called
the "water ghost woman."
240
00:11:30,123 --> 00:11:31,356
Okay.
241
00:11:31,358 --> 00:11:34,325
The eastern shoshone
who lived around here,
242
00:11:34,327 --> 00:11:37,128
This is an important figure
in their belief system.
243
00:11:37,130 --> 00:11:41,199
She's depicted as either
very beautiful and young,
244
00:11:41,201 --> 00:11:44,335
Or as
a hideous old hag.
245
00:11:44,337 --> 00:11:47,739
And she can go from one
to the other rapidly.
246
00:11:47,741 --> 00:11:49,741
Ah, are those tears?
247
00:11:49,743 --> 00:11:53,211
You can very plainly see the
tear streaks on her face.
248
00:11:53,213 --> 00:11:56,147
When you hear her crying,
you feel sorry for her
249
00:11:56,149 --> 00:11:59,818
And you want to help, so
you approach the sound
250
00:11:59,820 --> 00:12:01,653
Of this crying woman,
and the next thing
251
00:12:01,655 --> 00:12:04,055
You know,
you've been drowned.
252
00:12:04,057 --> 00:12:07,392
Wolter:
This legend is eerily similar
to that of the sirens,
253
00:12:07,394 --> 00:12:11,463
Characters from greek mythology
the phoenicians believed in.
254
00:12:11,465 --> 00:12:14,032
The sirens were dangerous
creatures,
255
00:12:14,034 --> 00:12:15,433
Whose enchanting songs
256
00:12:15,435 --> 00:12:18,870
Drew unsuspecting
sailors to shipwreck.
257
00:12:18,872 --> 00:12:22,540
Wolter:
Maybe this indicates that
there was some type of contact
258
00:12:22,542 --> 00:12:24,776
Between the phoenicians
and the shoshone.
259
00:12:24,778 --> 00:12:27,946
Now that doesn't mean that
it does, but it could.
260
00:12:27,948 --> 00:12:29,380
How would they
have gotten here?
261
00:12:29,382 --> 00:12:32,117
Well, if they sail across
the atlantic ocean,
262
00:12:32,119 --> 00:12:35,353
They could come into the
gulf, sail up the mississippi,
263
00:12:35,355 --> 00:12:37,722
Then they could have taken
either the arkansas river,
264
00:12:37,724 --> 00:12:39,891
Or the platte river
with a portage
265
00:12:39,893 --> 00:12:41,793
Not too far
to the east here,
266
00:12:41,795 --> 00:12:44,095
And it would put you
right into this area.
267
00:12:44,097 --> 00:12:46,197
How old do you think
these petroglyphs are?
268
00:12:46,199 --> 00:12:48,533
This type of rock
art was probably made
269
00:12:48,535 --> 00:12:52,570
Within the last 2,000 years,
maybe a little bit older,
270
00:12:52,572 --> 00:12:54,439
Maybe 3,000 years
from now.
271
00:12:54,441 --> 00:12:55,507
2 to 3,000.
272
00:12:55,509 --> 00:12:56,908
That's
an educated guess.
273
00:12:56,910 --> 00:12:58,209
Well, I like
those numbers.
274
00:12:58,211 --> 00:12:59,544
I like those numbers
a lot,
275
00:12:59,546 --> 00:13:02,180
Because if we are
gonna make the argument
276
00:13:02,182 --> 00:13:05,049
That the phoenicians could
possibly be connected here,
277
00:13:05,051 --> 00:13:07,285
You got to go back
at least 2,000 years
278
00:13:07,287 --> 00:13:10,488
And 2 to 3,000 years would
be right in the wheelhouse
279
00:13:10,490 --> 00:13:12,524
That actually
does make sense.
280
00:13:12,526 --> 00:13:16,528
Doesn't prove it, but I
really like those numbers.
281
00:13:16,530 --> 00:13:17,862
Wolter:
The idea that the phoenicians
282
00:13:17,864 --> 00:13:21,866
Exchanged myths with the
shoshone is fascinating.
283
00:13:21,868 --> 00:13:24,169
If it's true, it
would go a long way
284
00:13:24,171 --> 00:13:27,138
Towards supporting the
idea that lorene bolen
285
00:13:27,140 --> 00:13:30,275
Found a genuine phoenician
good luck charm.
286
00:13:30,277 --> 00:13:32,277
Before I can buy
into that theory,
287
00:13:32,279 --> 00:13:35,847
I need to figure out if the
phoenicians were even capable
288
00:13:35,849 --> 00:13:38,383
Of sailing to america
in the first place.
289
00:13:38,385 --> 00:13:44,222
♪♪
290
00:13:44,224 --> 00:13:50,061
♪♪
291
00:13:50,063 --> 00:13:52,363
I need to see a phoenician boat,
292
00:13:52,365 --> 00:13:55,099
And there's only one
good seaworthy example
293
00:13:55,101 --> 00:13:57,035
In the entire world.
294
00:13:57,037 --> 00:14:03,508
♪♪
295
00:14:03,510 --> 00:14:09,914
♪♪
296
00:14:09,916 --> 00:14:14,319
-Philip?
-Hi, welcome to phoenicia.
297
00:14:14,321 --> 00:14:16,921
Well, thank you. Wow
so this is it, huh?
298
00:14:16,923 --> 00:14:20,558
This is it.
299
00:14:20,560 --> 00:14:22,360
Well, this is
pretty impressive.
300
00:14:22,362 --> 00:14:24,796
Tell me a little big about
this ship. It's really cool.
301
00:14:24,798 --> 00:14:26,431
Well, she's
a great ship.
302
00:14:26,433 --> 00:14:29,300
Phoenicia has the only
phoenician sailing ship
303
00:14:29,302 --> 00:14:33,071
In existence as a working ship,
a proper seagoing ship,
304
00:14:33,073 --> 00:14:35,373
And it was built
as near as possible
305
00:14:35,375 --> 00:14:39,077
As an exact replica as
one could possibly have.
306
00:14:39,079 --> 00:14:40,745
Wolter:
What are some of
the features here
307
00:14:40,747 --> 00:14:44,315
That are unique to the
phoenician ship builders?
308
00:14:44,317 --> 00:14:48,820
The phoenicians created the
first rigid hulled boats.
309
00:14:48,822 --> 00:14:50,021
Up until that point,
310
00:14:50,023 --> 00:14:53,224
The ships had literally
been sewn together.
311
00:14:53,226 --> 00:14:55,994
So this stiff
design was to
312
00:14:55,996 --> 00:14:58,329
Withstand the large waves
on the oceans, right?
313
00:14:58,331 --> 00:14:59,530
That's it.
314
00:14:59,532 --> 00:15:01,733
That's what enabled the
phoenicians to trade
315
00:15:01,735 --> 00:15:04,235
More successfully
than anyone else.
316
00:15:04,237 --> 00:15:06,304
Wolter: Wherever they went,
the phoenicians
317
00:15:06,306 --> 00:15:07,906
Brought the phoenician alphabet,
318
00:15:07,908 --> 00:15:10,241
And their most
famous trade item,
319
00:15:10,243 --> 00:15:14,078
A dye known as tyrian
purple, named after tyre,
320
00:15:14,080 --> 00:15:16,948
One of their four
mediterranean kingdoms.
321
00:15:16,950 --> 00:15:19,717
More valuable than gold,
it started the tradition
322
00:15:19,719 --> 00:15:21,953
Of royals wearing purple robes
323
00:15:21,955 --> 00:15:25,223
And earned the phoenicians
the name the "purple people."
324
00:15:25,225 --> 00:15:28,092
♪♪
325
00:15:28,094 --> 00:15:30,828
Look at the craftsmanship.
It's all handwork, right?
326
00:15:30,830 --> 00:15:32,263
Yeah, all done
by hand.
327
00:15:32,265 --> 00:15:33,731
What's really
impressive
328
00:15:33,733 --> 00:15:38,036
Are these little dowel marks
there that you can see.
329
00:15:38,038 --> 00:15:39,237
-Oh, right here?
-Yep.
330
00:15:39,239 --> 00:15:41,439
The romans called it
the phoenician joint,
331
00:15:41,441 --> 00:15:43,207
And I've got a little
model of it here.
332
00:15:43,209 --> 00:15:45,843
So here are
the two planks.
333
00:15:45,845 --> 00:15:48,713
This is the peg, and
these are the dowels
334
00:15:48,715 --> 00:15:50,949
That are locking
it in place.
335
00:15:50,951 --> 00:15:53,685
So it's a really
rigid construction.
336
00:15:53,687 --> 00:15:56,354
Watertight joint
right here, right?
337
00:15:56,356 --> 00:15:58,456
And then
not only that,
338
00:15:58,458 --> 00:16:00,858
But the phoenicians
did one better.
339
00:16:00,860 --> 00:16:05,163
They were the first to use
iron nails in the construction.
340
00:16:05,165 --> 00:16:08,199
So this was what helped
make the phoenician ships
341
00:16:08,201 --> 00:16:13,071
Undoubtedly the strongest ships
ever produced at that time.
342
00:16:13,073 --> 00:16:16,507
The way it's built, I mean
this thing looks like a tank,
343
00:16:16,509 --> 00:16:20,345
Which brings me to a question
I want to ask you back up top.
344
00:16:20,347 --> 00:16:21,612
Sure.
345
00:16:21,614 --> 00:16:27,685
♪♪
346
00:16:27,687 --> 00:16:32,190
So, one sail
and one mast.
347
00:16:32,192 --> 00:16:34,659
I'm a little
skeptical that a ship
348
00:16:34,661 --> 00:16:37,929
Could navigate the open
oceans with one sail.
349
00:16:37,931 --> 00:16:44,035
Certainly one sail makes
sailing a real challenge.
350
00:16:44,037 --> 00:16:45,536
However, the phoenicians
were clever people.
351
00:16:45,538 --> 00:16:48,873
They knew which way the winds
and currents were flowing.
352
00:16:48,875 --> 00:16:50,274
The open ocean
would have presented
353
00:16:50,276 --> 00:16:52,477
No fears
for the phoenicians.
354
00:16:52,479 --> 00:16:54,712
Wolter: There's good reason to
believe the phoenicians
355
00:16:54,714 --> 00:16:57,048
Circumnavigated africa.
356
00:16:57,050 --> 00:16:59,851
They made a statement
that, as they sailed,
357
00:16:59,853 --> 00:17:03,087
They had the sun on their
right to northward of them.
358
00:17:03,089 --> 00:17:04,856
That's only possible
if they rounded
359
00:17:04,858 --> 00:17:07,592
The cape of good hope
while heading west,
360
00:17:07,594 --> 00:17:10,228
Which no one had
ever done before.
361
00:17:10,230 --> 00:17:14,999
Then in 1990, in senegal, the
most western point in africa,
362
00:17:15,001 --> 00:17:18,603
French anthropologists
studied 14 unfamiliar letters
363
00:17:18,605 --> 00:17:21,606
Found on cattle brands and
determined the closest match
364
00:17:21,608 --> 00:17:25,076
Was phoenician,
not greek, latin,
365
00:17:25,078 --> 00:17:28,980
Chinese, or any african
language, but phoenician.
366
00:17:28,982 --> 00:17:32,316
Wolter:
How far have you taken
this out on the open ocean?
367
00:17:32,318 --> 00:17:34,452
We've been around some
of the toughest points,
368
00:17:34,454 --> 00:17:36,721
Like going around the
cape of good hope.
369
00:17:36,723 --> 00:17:40,525
But in the atlantic, you
know, we got pushed right out,
370
00:17:40,527 --> 00:17:42,360
And at one point
we were just
371
00:17:42,362 --> 00:17:44,796
700 miles from
the florida coast.
372
00:17:44,798 --> 00:17:47,165
So we spent 80-odd
days in the atlantic.
373
00:17:47,167 --> 00:17:49,967
Okay, if you got within
700 miles of florida,
374
00:17:49,969 --> 00:17:53,504
How many days if you wanted to
go to florida would it take?
375
00:17:53,506 --> 00:17:55,006
It would
have taken probably
376
00:17:55,008 --> 00:17:58,876
Another 10 or 12 days to
get to america from there.
377
00:17:58,878 --> 00:18:00,578
Well philip,
I'm very impressed,
378
00:18:00,580 --> 00:18:02,780
And you've pretty much
answered all my questions,
379
00:18:02,782 --> 00:18:04,816
But let me ask
you point blank.
380
00:18:04,818 --> 00:18:08,219
Do you think the phoenicians
made it to north america?
381
00:18:08,221 --> 00:18:12,390
♪♪
382
00:18:18,998 --> 00:18:24,335
♪♪
383
00:18:24,337 --> 00:18:29,740
♪♪
384
00:18:29,742 --> 00:18:31,309
Wolter:
Let me ask you
point blank.
385
00:18:31,311 --> 00:18:36,013
Do you think the phoenicians
made it to north america?
386
00:18:36,015 --> 00:18:38,716
Yeah, I believe that
they did make it there.
387
00:18:38,718 --> 00:18:40,718
They had the ability,
they had the means,
388
00:18:40,720 --> 00:18:44,155
And undoubtedly, they had the
ships that could have done it.
389
00:18:44,157 --> 00:18:47,225
What we need to
find is the proof.
390
00:18:47,227 --> 00:18:49,260
I have a hunch the
key to this mystery
391
00:18:49,262 --> 00:18:51,195
Lies in what
the phoenicians
392
00:18:51,197 --> 00:18:53,197
Brought back
from their voyages.
393
00:18:53,199 --> 00:18:54,432
The ships that herodotus
394
00:18:54,434 --> 00:18:56,968
Talks about
circumnavigating africa,
395
00:18:56,970 --> 00:18:58,402
They would have been
trading vessels.
396
00:18:58,404 --> 00:19:00,738
Right. So they were
carrying big loads.
397
00:19:00,740 --> 00:19:03,441
Copper is one thing
that I think about.
398
00:19:03,443 --> 00:19:05,810
They were certainly
huge metal traders,
399
00:19:05,812 --> 00:19:07,778
And the middle east was
always short of metal.
400
00:19:07,780 --> 00:19:10,214
Wolter: Historians struggle to
explain
401
00:19:10,216 --> 00:19:14,352
Where all the copper used in
europe's bronze age came from.
402
00:19:14,354 --> 00:19:16,454
It's got me wondering,
"could the phoenicians
403
00:19:16,456 --> 00:19:18,756
Have brought it back
with them from wyoming,
404
00:19:18,758 --> 00:19:21,459
Where copper mining
was once big business?"
405
00:19:21,461 --> 00:19:22,660
Wolter:
Basically, you're
telling me
406
00:19:22,662 --> 00:19:23,895
They could have
made it to the gulf.
407
00:19:23,897 --> 00:19:25,863
The question I want to
know is could your ship
408
00:19:25,865 --> 00:19:28,032
Go up a river,
and if so how far?
409
00:19:28,034 --> 00:19:30,234
A ship like this
could certainly
410
00:19:30,236 --> 00:19:33,204
Navigate up a river
quite a long way.
411
00:19:33,206 --> 00:19:35,139
I've always believed
that science one day
412
00:19:35,141 --> 00:19:37,775
Will prove that the
phoenicians got to america.
413
00:19:37,777 --> 00:19:40,044
Well, you and I are on
the same page there.
414
00:19:40,046 --> 00:19:47,818
♪♪
415
00:19:47,820 --> 00:19:55,593
♪♪
416
00:19:55,595 --> 00:19:58,196
Wolter: Now that I have no
doubt the phoenicians
417
00:19:58,198 --> 00:20:00,231
Could have sailed
to north america
418
00:20:00,233 --> 00:20:02,466
And through rivers
in its interior,
419
00:20:02,468 --> 00:20:06,370
I need to take this
investigation to the next level.
420
00:20:06,372 --> 00:20:08,239
I'm back in wyoming to check out
421
00:20:08,241 --> 00:20:11,442
An old copper mine
with a local historian.
422
00:20:11,444 --> 00:20:12,710
My goal?
423
00:20:12,712 --> 00:20:15,513
To find a representative
sample of native copper
424
00:20:15,515 --> 00:20:18,816
So I can compare it to the
copper the phoenicians used.
425
00:20:18,818 --> 00:20:20,318
You really think that
the phoenicians
426
00:20:20,320 --> 00:20:22,753
Came all the way
out here to wyoming?
427
00:20:22,755 --> 00:20:24,755
Well, I'm not saying
that they did come.
428
00:20:24,757 --> 00:20:26,490
I'm saying that
they could've come.
429
00:20:26,492 --> 00:20:30,595
If they did come, they had to
have had strong motivation,
430
00:20:30,597 --> 00:20:32,630
And in my mind the
strong motivation
431
00:20:32,632 --> 00:20:34,432
Would have been copper,
432
00:20:34,434 --> 00:20:36,067
But I want
to investigate it,
433
00:20:36,069 --> 00:20:39,270
And I think I have way we
might be able to test it
434
00:20:39,272 --> 00:20:42,974
To really bring some strong
evidence, if it works out.
435
00:20:42,976 --> 00:20:45,443
Wolter: If I can find some
copper from the area,
436
00:20:45,445 --> 00:20:48,079
I can compare it to copper
the phoenicians used
437
00:20:48,081 --> 00:20:52,149
To create bronze to see if
it's of the same purity.
438
00:20:52,151 --> 00:20:54,585
But first, I have
to get to the mine,
439
00:20:54,587 --> 00:20:56,988
And that's not gonna
be a walk in the park.
440
00:20:56,990 --> 00:21:06,397
♪♪
441
00:21:06,399 --> 00:21:10,134
Because of the mining industry,
both past and present,
442
00:21:10,136 --> 00:21:12,970
Wyoming is crisscrossed
with rugged roads
443
00:21:12,972 --> 00:21:17,208
Used to haul everything
from coal to gems and metals
444
00:21:17,210 --> 00:21:19,377
Like the copper
I'm going to find.
445
00:21:19,379 --> 00:21:27,752
♪♪
446
00:21:27,754 --> 00:21:36,127
♪♪
447
00:21:36,129 --> 00:21:37,495
And look at
these ruins here.
448
00:21:37,497 --> 00:21:39,096
This is the
ferris-haggarty mine.
449
00:21:39,098 --> 00:21:42,066
They discovered
copper here in 1897.
450
00:21:42,068 --> 00:21:45,603
It caused this entire
area to absolutely boom.
451
00:21:45,605 --> 00:21:48,539
Over 5,000 people
migrated to this area
452
00:21:48,541 --> 00:21:50,007
For the copper mining
boom.
453
00:21:50,009 --> 00:21:53,678
If this was such a booming
heyday at one time,
454
00:21:53,680 --> 00:21:55,980
Copper everywhere,
what happened?
455
00:21:55,982 --> 00:21:59,650
Around 1908, copper
prices plunged.
456
00:21:59,652 --> 00:22:01,118
They absolutely
plunged.
457
00:22:01,120 --> 00:22:05,690
On top of that, there were a
series of fires at the smelter,
458
00:22:05,692 --> 00:22:09,727
And so it becomes very difficult
to keep the profits going.
459
00:22:09,729 --> 00:22:11,595
Well, actually, that makes
a lot of sense, you know.
460
00:22:11,597 --> 00:22:14,732
It was like a perfect
storm of bad luck.
461
00:22:14,734 --> 00:22:16,834
What I'd like to do
is see if we can find
462
00:22:16,836 --> 00:22:19,637
A good piece
of native copper
463
00:22:19,639 --> 00:22:21,772
Or a rock that has
native copper in it,
464
00:22:21,774 --> 00:22:23,941
And I'd like to test
it with some copper
465
00:22:23,943 --> 00:22:25,643
That we know came
from europe
466
00:22:25,645 --> 00:22:27,912
That's associated
with the phoenicians
467
00:22:27,914 --> 00:22:31,315
Because we can look for trace
elements in both pieces.
468
00:22:31,317 --> 00:22:33,984
These trace elements are
like a dna fingerprint,
469
00:22:33,986 --> 00:22:37,088
And the copper here is gonna
have its own dna fingerprint.
470
00:22:37,090 --> 00:22:41,092
If we can get a match, well,
now we're cooking with gas.
471
00:22:41,094 --> 00:22:44,362
The guy who finds the
best piece buys the beer.
472
00:22:44,364 --> 00:22:45,863
-Deal.
-All right, man.
473
00:22:45,865 --> 00:22:47,331
Let's go!
474
00:22:49,302 --> 00:22:52,503
Wolter: To find copper, I'm
looking for green.
475
00:22:52,505 --> 00:22:55,473
There's a fancy name
for it -- verdigris.
476
00:22:55,475 --> 00:22:57,641
That's the color you get
when copper's weathered
477
00:22:57,643 --> 00:23:01,812
And exposed to air or
sea water over time.
478
00:23:01,814 --> 00:23:04,949
All the copper in this mine
will have the same purity,
479
00:23:04,951 --> 00:23:07,752
But I'm looking for a piece
with a solid copper vein
480
00:23:07,754 --> 00:23:11,889
Running through it that's
big enough to test.
481
00:23:11,891 --> 00:23:13,891
-See all this stuff?
-Yep.
482
00:23:13,893 --> 00:23:15,626
This is the stuff
I wanted to see.
483
00:23:15,628 --> 00:23:18,195
What it tells you is there's
definitely copper here,
484
00:23:18,197 --> 00:23:20,798
So it's obviously it's
coming out of the water.
485
00:23:20,800 --> 00:23:22,566
Wolter:
My goal is to connect the dots
486
00:23:22,568 --> 00:23:25,035
From lorene bolen's
good luck charm
487
00:23:25,037 --> 00:23:27,238
To the phoenicians who
may have carved it
488
00:23:27,240 --> 00:23:30,708
To the copper they may have
come to wyoming to mine.
489
00:23:30,710 --> 00:23:33,978
Once I find a good-sized
sample of wyoming copper,
490
00:23:33,980 --> 00:23:37,581
I'll test it to see if it has
the same elemental fingerprint
491
00:23:37,583 --> 00:23:40,717
As copper used in
phoenician artifacts.
492
00:23:40,719 --> 00:23:42,953
If it does, it might
be strong evidence
493
00:23:42,955 --> 00:23:44,688
That the phoenicians came here,
494
00:23:44,690 --> 00:23:47,691
And brought this
copper back home.
495
00:23:47,693 --> 00:23:49,994
Wolter:
So, this is one of the
main shafts, I assume.
496
00:23:49,996 --> 00:23:51,028
Yes, it is.
497
00:23:51,030 --> 00:23:52,596
Okay.
498
00:23:52,598 --> 00:23:53,998
"bad air."
-yep.
499
00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:55,266
-"keep out."
-yep.
500
00:23:55,268 --> 00:23:57,601
-Skull and crossbones?
-I'm not going near there.
501
00:23:57,603 --> 00:23:59,737
I'm not going
in there either.
502
00:23:59,739 --> 00:24:01,305
Clearly the water's
flowing out
503
00:24:01,307 --> 00:24:02,573
And it's
coloring the rocks.
504
00:24:02,575 --> 00:24:05,709
There's got to be some
copper specimens here.
505
00:24:05,711 --> 00:24:08,846
♪♪
506
00:24:08,848 --> 00:24:11,982
There's some.
507
00:24:11,984 --> 00:24:14,885
Most copper is not
gonna be visible, right?
508
00:24:14,887 --> 00:24:17,021
But I bet you
there's some in here.
509
00:24:19,258 --> 00:24:20,791
Oh, yeah,
I can see it.
510
00:24:20,793 --> 00:24:22,960
If you look close, you can
see it with the naked eye,
511
00:24:22,962 --> 00:24:25,196
But yeah, it's peppered
all through there.
512
00:24:25,198 --> 00:24:27,364
-Can I see?
-Yeah, absolutely.
513
00:24:27,366 --> 00:24:29,967
Can I take that one?
-Absolutely, it's yours.
514
00:24:30,770 --> 00:24:32,603
So, remember
what I said
515
00:24:32,605 --> 00:24:34,305
About the guy who
finds the copper?
516
00:24:34,307 --> 00:24:36,340
Yeah, that he's the
one who buys the beers.
517
00:24:36,342 --> 00:24:37,541
That's not
what I remember.
518
00:24:37,543 --> 00:24:38,876
-No?
-But I tell you what.
519
00:24:38,878 --> 00:24:40,478
Either way,
we both win.
520
00:24:40,480 --> 00:24:41,779
Okay, sounds good.
521
00:24:41,781 --> 00:24:48,552
♪♪
522
00:24:48,554 --> 00:24:55,292
♪♪
523
00:24:55,294 --> 00:24:57,528
Wolter: What I need to do
next is figure out
524
00:24:57,530 --> 00:25:00,264
If the copper in this
sample from wyoming
525
00:25:00,266 --> 00:25:04,168
Matches the purity of the copper
found in phoenician artifacts.
526
00:25:04,170 --> 00:25:07,338
And I'm back in minnesota
to do just that.
527
00:25:07,340 --> 00:25:10,174
If it has the same
elemental fingerprint,
528
00:25:10,176 --> 00:25:12,243
Then I'll have even
more reason to believe
529
00:25:12,245 --> 00:25:14,211
The phoenicians
made it to america,
530
00:25:14,213 --> 00:25:17,548
Took the copper back home,
and possibly left behind
531
00:25:17,550 --> 00:25:22,853
The inscription lorene bolen
found when she was a kid.
532
00:25:22,855 --> 00:25:24,989
Lori, the reason
I'm here is
533
00:25:24,991 --> 00:25:27,658
I was recently at a
copper mine in wyoming,
534
00:25:27,660 --> 00:25:29,159
And I collected
a sample,
535
00:25:29,161 --> 00:25:31,095
And what I'd like
you to help me with
536
00:25:31,097 --> 00:25:34,498
Is to test it for its
trace element content.
537
00:25:34,500 --> 00:25:36,200
Definitely, we're gonna
be able to image it
538
00:25:36,202 --> 00:25:38,235
And get elemental
information.
539
00:25:38,237 --> 00:25:40,604
I'm investigating the
possibility that phoenicians
540
00:25:40,606 --> 00:25:44,208
Came to north america
over 2,000 years ago.
541
00:25:44,210 --> 00:25:48,245
If its trace element profile
will match known samples
542
00:25:48,247 --> 00:25:49,880
That have
already been tested,
543
00:25:49,882 --> 00:25:52,216
That will go a long way to
proving that the phoenicians
544
00:25:52,218 --> 00:25:55,452
Came to north america,
collected copper,
545
00:25:55,454 --> 00:25:57,221
And then brought
it back.
546
00:25:57,223 --> 00:25:58,255
Sound like something
we can do?
547
00:25:58,257 --> 00:25:59,256
Yeah, absolutely.
548
00:25:59,258 --> 00:26:00,824
I've got
the sample right here.
549
00:26:00,826 --> 00:26:04,395
One concern that I've got,
between extracting this
550
00:26:04,397 --> 00:26:06,530
And everybody looking
at it, handling it,
551
00:26:06,532 --> 00:26:09,266
That the surface
could be contaminated.
552
00:26:09,268 --> 00:26:11,936
So it might be better if
we can get a fresh cleave
553
00:26:11,938 --> 00:26:15,205
Off of this to have a
pristine surface to analyze.
554
00:26:15,207 --> 00:26:16,807
Well, it's certainly
been handled,
555
00:26:16,809 --> 00:26:20,611
So I understand the
contamination possibility.
556
00:26:20,613 --> 00:26:23,113
Let's take a look.
557
00:26:23,115 --> 00:26:25,683
You know what, we have
a fracture right here.
558
00:26:25,685 --> 00:26:27,084
Oh, perfect.
559
00:26:27,086 --> 00:26:30,754
Actually, we have a crack
that goes all the way around.
560
00:26:30,756 --> 00:26:34,325
If we pop this thing with
your chisel and hammer,
561
00:26:34,327 --> 00:26:37,761
I bet we'll probably be
able to get two pieces.
562
00:26:37,763 --> 00:26:38,762
Okay.
563
00:26:38,764 --> 00:26:43,634
♪♪
564
00:26:43,636 --> 00:26:46,503
I'm gonna hit it
right along there.
565
00:26:46,505 --> 00:26:48,639
Let's see
how it goes, ready?
566
00:26:50,476 --> 00:26:52,042
Perfect.
567
00:26:52,044 --> 00:26:55,879
Wolter:
Now we have two uncontaminated
surfaces to examine,
568
00:26:55,881 --> 00:26:58,649
So we fire up the scanning
electron microscope
569
00:26:58,651 --> 00:27:00,217
To take a close look.
570
00:27:00,219 --> 00:27:03,921
It magnifies what we're
seeing 10,000 times.
571
00:27:03,923 --> 00:27:06,523
-So we've got the sample here.
-Okay.
572
00:27:06,525 --> 00:27:08,292
Then we'll get this
in the instrument.
573
00:27:08,294 --> 00:27:13,797
♪♪
574
00:27:13,799 --> 00:27:15,366
Lavanier:
There's an electron beam
575
00:27:15,368 --> 00:27:18,769
That's going to be striking
the surface of the sample,
576
00:27:18,771 --> 00:27:20,270
And that's what
we're actually using
577
00:27:20,272 --> 00:27:23,007
To detect the elemental
composition of the sample.
578
00:27:23,009 --> 00:27:25,809
Okay, so you're gonna be
hitting it with electrons,
579
00:27:25,811 --> 00:27:28,746
And it will record those and
give us the quantity, right?
580
00:27:28,748 --> 00:27:30,381
-Yes.
-Perfect.
581
00:27:30,383 --> 00:27:33,450
-Well, let's turn the beam on.
-All right.
582
00:27:33,452 --> 00:27:36,820
Wolter:
We're going to zap our copper
sample with an electron beam.
583
00:27:36,822 --> 00:27:40,290
When that happens, elements
will fly off our rock.
584
00:27:40,292 --> 00:27:41,925
The scanning electron microscope
585
00:27:41,927 --> 00:27:44,695
Will catch those pieces
and analyze them.
586
00:27:44,697 --> 00:27:48,465
That's how we figure out exactly
what this rock is made of.
587
00:27:48,467 --> 00:27:51,301
We're looking for a fleck
of copper to zoom in on.
588
00:27:51,303 --> 00:27:52,803
That's a nice shot.
589
00:27:52,805 --> 00:27:53,837
Can we grab
that photo?
590
00:27:53,839 --> 00:27:55,239
-Yep.
-That's beautiful...
591
00:27:55,241 --> 00:27:56,273
...As rocks go.
592
00:27:56,275 --> 00:27:58,409
[ both laugh ]
593
00:27:58,411 --> 00:28:01,145
Wolter: Now that we're
zeroed in, we can see
594
00:28:01,147 --> 00:28:03,247
What this rock is made of.
595
00:28:03,249 --> 00:28:06,250
You can see things are moving
and glowing a little bit.
596
00:28:06,252 --> 00:28:08,385
So the heavier the element,
the brighter it'll appear
597
00:28:08,387 --> 00:28:09,887
On the screen.
598
00:28:09,889 --> 00:28:13,490
So copper on this should
appear somewhat brighter.
599
00:28:13,492 --> 00:28:15,893
This brightest region here
might be the area of interest
600
00:28:15,895 --> 00:28:17,895
So let's take a scan in here.
-Yeah, let's zoom
601
00:28:17,897 --> 00:28:19,396
In there
and see what we get.
602
00:28:21,567 --> 00:28:23,434
Ah, very interesting.
603
00:28:23,436 --> 00:28:26,437
♪♪
604
00:28:33,012 --> 00:28:42,519
♪♪
605
00:28:42,521 --> 00:28:44,922
Wolter: As lori zooms in on
the copper sample,
606
00:28:44,924 --> 00:28:48,625
I can tell she sees
something important.
607
00:28:48,627 --> 00:28:50,360
Ah, very interesting.
608
00:28:50,362 --> 00:28:52,262
Are you getting a pretty
strong peak for copper.
609
00:28:52,264 --> 00:28:56,633
It's fairly strong, but
equally as strong with iron.
610
00:28:56,635 --> 00:28:59,169
Okay, so those are
in there together?
611
00:28:59,171 --> 00:29:00,904
Yes.
612
00:29:00,906 --> 00:29:05,375
Copper, iron, sulfur,
silicon, aluminum, magnesium.
613
00:29:05,377 --> 00:29:06,977
Okay.
614
00:29:06,979 --> 00:29:09,847
Wolter:
My sample isn't pure copper,
and neither is the rest
615
00:29:09,849 --> 00:29:12,316
Of the copper at the
ferris-haggarty mine.
616
00:29:12,318 --> 00:29:14,952
It doesn't even come close.
617
00:29:14,954 --> 00:29:19,123
So we're talking 41,
almost 42% copper.
618
00:29:19,125 --> 00:29:22,693
It has lots a copper in it,
but it has lots of other stuff.
619
00:29:22,695 --> 00:29:25,062
Unfortunately lori, that's
just not gonna do it.
620
00:29:25,064 --> 00:29:27,131
That is not a high
enough concentration
621
00:29:27,133 --> 00:29:28,732
Because the samples
that I wanted
622
00:29:28,734 --> 00:29:33,070
To compare it with were
98% and 99% pure copper.
623
00:29:33,072 --> 00:29:34,371
We're a long way
from that.
624
00:29:34,373 --> 00:29:36,740
Wolter: I did a little more
digging and found out
625
00:29:36,742 --> 00:29:39,743
There aren't any
ultra-pure copper deposits
626
00:29:39,745 --> 00:29:42,613
In wyoming or anywhere
else in the u.S.,
627
00:29:42,615 --> 00:29:45,415
Except for michigan's
upper peninsula.
628
00:29:45,417 --> 00:29:49,086
A few years back, I investigated
the perplexing mine pits
629
00:29:49,088 --> 00:29:50,988
In the great lakes region.
630
00:29:50,990 --> 00:29:53,090
Someone pulled
copper out of there,
631
00:29:53,092 --> 00:29:56,627
And the big mystery has
always been, "who did it?"
632
00:29:56,629 --> 00:29:59,863
I gave credit to the minoans,
an earlier sailing culture
633
00:29:59,865 --> 00:30:03,333
Who disappeared mysteriously
from the island of crete
634
00:30:03,335 --> 00:30:05,636
In 1200 b.C.
635
00:30:05,638 --> 00:30:08,272
Now, I feel strongly
that phoenicians went
636
00:30:08,274 --> 00:30:09,673
To the great lakes, too.
637
00:30:09,675 --> 00:30:12,342
The copper in wyoming
wouldn't have satisfied them.
638
00:30:12,344 --> 00:30:15,245
That's not anywhere
near what I think
639
00:30:15,247 --> 00:30:17,114
The phoenicians
would be looking for.
640
00:30:17,116 --> 00:30:20,751
Back then, if they came up
to this part of the country,
641
00:30:20,753 --> 00:30:24,788
In the saint lawrence river
to the great lakes area,
642
00:30:24,790 --> 00:30:26,423
You're gonna
find copper that,
643
00:30:26,425 --> 00:30:28,559
After the glaciers had
melted away,
644
00:30:28,561 --> 00:30:30,594
Was just laying
on the ground.
645
00:30:30,596 --> 00:30:33,497
99% plus pure copper.
646
00:30:33,499 --> 00:30:36,366
And to me, that would make
a heck of a lot more sense
647
00:30:36,368 --> 00:30:39,469
Than trying to mine this
material that you would have
648
00:30:39,471 --> 00:30:41,738
To smelt to
concentrate the copper.
649
00:30:41,740 --> 00:30:44,842
And that's expensive,
time consuming.
650
00:30:44,844 --> 00:30:46,710
They wouldn't have
done that over here.
651
00:30:46,712 --> 00:30:49,012
They would go for
the easy pickings.
652
00:30:49,014 --> 00:30:51,582
Wolter:
Bottom line, this copper isn't
653
00:30:51,584 --> 00:30:53,951
What the phoenicians
were using in europe.
654
00:30:53,953 --> 00:30:56,620
This doesn't prove that
the phoenicians didn't come
655
00:30:56,622 --> 00:30:59,556
To wyoming, it just
doesn't help our case.
656
00:30:59,558 --> 00:31:07,064
♪♪
657
00:31:07,066 --> 00:31:14,438
♪♪
658
00:31:14,440 --> 00:31:16,340
Wolter: I'll admit it, I'm
disappointed the copper
659
00:31:16,342 --> 00:31:19,042
In wyoming isn't pure
enough for the phoenicians
660
00:31:19,044 --> 00:31:20,510
To bother with.
661
00:31:20,512 --> 00:31:23,146
That doesn't mean that they
didn't come to wyoming,
662
00:31:23,148 --> 00:31:24,948
Or that lorene bolen didn't find
663
00:31:24,950 --> 00:31:27,251
An authentic
phoenician artifact.
664
00:31:27,253 --> 00:31:28,852
My new theory?
665
00:31:28,854 --> 00:31:31,321
That minoans handed
copper and their knowledge
666
00:31:31,323 --> 00:31:35,192
Of the new world to their
neighbors, the phoenicians.
667
00:31:35,194 --> 00:31:36,927
It's a pretty narrow window.
668
00:31:36,929 --> 00:31:39,730
The minoans vanish
around 1200 b.C.,
669
00:31:39,732 --> 00:31:43,233
And that's when phoenician
script first appears.
670
00:31:43,235 --> 00:31:45,869
Still, the ancients knew a lot,
671
00:31:45,871 --> 00:31:47,704
More than we give
them credit for.
672
00:31:47,706 --> 00:31:50,941
Sometimes knowledge
gets lost over time.
673
00:31:50,943 --> 00:31:53,143
That's why I'm going to
check out the map collection
674
00:31:53,145 --> 00:31:57,414
At the world-class library
here in minneapolis.
675
00:31:57,416 --> 00:32:00,817
They have an ancient map that
I think has a hidden detail
676
00:32:00,819 --> 00:32:03,453
To help prove the
phoenicians came here
677
00:32:03,455 --> 00:32:05,722
Long before columbus.
678
00:32:05,724 --> 00:32:07,157
-Hello, marguerite.
-Hi, scott.
679
00:32:07,159 --> 00:32:08,425
Nice to meet you.
680
00:32:08,427 --> 00:32:09,760
Welcome the james
ford bell library.
681
00:32:09,762 --> 00:32:11,228
Well, thank you.
682
00:32:11,230 --> 00:32:14,064
I understand that you have some
of the oldest surviving maps
683
00:32:14,066 --> 00:32:15,299
In the world,
is that true?
684
00:32:15,301 --> 00:32:16,700
That's true.
685
00:32:16,702 --> 00:32:19,569
The bell library has more
than 40,000 items dating back
686
00:32:19,571 --> 00:32:21,905
To the year 400.
-Amazing.
687
00:32:21,907 --> 00:32:24,474
What I'm specifically
looking for is a copy
688
00:32:24,476 --> 00:32:27,911
Of claudius ptolemy's
"geographia."
689
00:32:27,913 --> 00:32:29,646
I pulled two from
the late 15th century
690
00:32:29,648 --> 00:32:31,581
For you, so let's
go take a look.
691
00:32:33,519 --> 00:32:35,452
Wolter: Claudius ptolemy
was a 2nd century
692
00:32:35,454 --> 00:32:38,488
Greco-roman geographer
famous for creating
693
00:32:38,490 --> 00:32:42,192
An atlas called "geographia."
694
00:32:42,194 --> 00:32:48,065
This is a ptolemy
atlas printed in 1490.
695
00:32:48,067 --> 00:32:51,868
If this is late-15th
century, ptolemy lived back
696
00:32:51,870 --> 00:32:54,071
In the 2nd century, right?
-That's correct.
697
00:32:54,073 --> 00:32:56,239
Wow!
Look at that.
698
00:32:56,241 --> 00:32:58,775
So this is over 500 years old.
-It is!
699
00:32:58,777 --> 00:33:00,410
It's amazing!
700
00:33:00,412 --> 00:33:04,114
Wolter:
It's amazing, but I have to
admit, it barely resembles
701
00:33:04,116 --> 00:33:08,018
A world map of today, and I
can't tell what I'm looking at.
702
00:33:08,020 --> 00:33:09,886
This one is only
a few years later.
703
00:33:09,888 --> 00:33:11,888
It's in color, so it's a
little bit easier to see.
704
00:33:11,890 --> 00:33:14,191
Help me understand
what's going on here.
705
00:33:14,193 --> 00:33:17,060
What am I looking at?
-This is the known world.
706
00:33:17,062 --> 00:33:20,430
The world of ptolemy
didn't really understand
707
00:33:20,432 --> 00:33:23,333
That the ocean
goes any further.
708
00:33:23,335 --> 00:33:25,869
So that's the extent
of the known world
709
00:33:25,871 --> 00:33:27,938
As far as
he was concerned.
710
00:33:27,940 --> 00:33:30,741
Wolter:
There are only three continents
on ptolemy's map --
711
00:33:30,743 --> 00:33:31,875
Europe,
712
00:33:31,877 --> 00:33:33,977
Africa,
713
00:33:33,979 --> 00:33:35,479
And asia.
714
00:33:35,481 --> 00:33:38,181
And they are a total different
shape than you'd expect.
715
00:33:38,183 --> 00:33:40,384
Compared to a modern-day map,
716
00:33:40,386 --> 00:33:43,820
Countries like Italy
look horizontal.
717
00:33:43,822 --> 00:33:45,389
But why?
718
00:33:45,391 --> 00:33:47,858
Ragnow:
He actually calculated
the circumference
719
00:33:47,860 --> 00:33:50,093
Of the earth
too small.
720
00:33:50,095 --> 00:33:53,130
And then, to make his theory
work, ptolemy sort of fudged
721
00:33:53,132 --> 00:33:57,034
The way he fit things in so
that he can get everything
722
00:33:57,036 --> 00:34:01,772
To work within the two
points that he says are
723
00:34:01,774 --> 00:34:03,874
The limits
of the known world.
724
00:34:03,876 --> 00:34:06,143
Wolter:
Not long ago, an italian
researcher
725
00:34:06,145 --> 00:34:08,278
Named lucio russo made
726
00:34:08,280 --> 00:34:11,782
A startling claim that this
map actually does show more
727
00:34:11,784 --> 00:34:14,851
Of the world than
anyone ever considered.
728
00:34:14,853 --> 00:34:17,054
And that's what I
came here to see.
729
00:34:17,056 --> 00:34:20,057
What I'm interested
in now is looking here
730
00:34:20,059 --> 00:34:22,092
At these islands
right here.
731
00:34:22,094 --> 00:34:23,994
So those are labeled
the fortunate islands,
732
00:34:23,996 --> 00:34:27,431
Which we believe ptolemy
meant the canary islands.
733
00:34:27,433 --> 00:34:28,732
But we don't know
that for sure, right?
734
00:34:28,734 --> 00:34:29,966
We don't.
735
00:34:29,968 --> 00:34:32,002
Wolter: Taking into account
ptolemy's mistake
736
00:34:32,004 --> 00:34:35,272
In his latitude calculation,
lucio russo deduced
737
00:34:35,274 --> 00:34:38,742
That these islands pictured
off the coast of africa are not
738
00:34:38,744 --> 00:34:42,312
The canary islands, as
historians long believe,
739
00:34:42,314 --> 00:34:44,648
But actually,
the lesser antilles.
740
00:34:44,650 --> 00:34:48,285
Islands like dominica,
st. Lucia, and trinidad
741
00:34:48,287 --> 00:34:49,653
In the new world.
742
00:34:49,655 --> 00:34:52,589
Wolter:
Russo says that they
are the antilles.
743
00:34:52,591 --> 00:34:55,759
Ragnow:
He's arguing that these
aren't the canaries
744
00:34:55,761 --> 00:34:58,662
That these are
actually the antilles
745
00:34:58,664 --> 00:35:02,199
That ptolemy just puts way
too close to the continent.
746
00:35:02,201 --> 00:35:04,101
If these are really
the antilles,
747
00:35:04,103 --> 00:35:06,970
Than somebody must
have discovered them
748
00:35:06,972 --> 00:35:08,271
And communicated
that information
749
00:35:08,273 --> 00:35:09,773
Back
to ancient greece.
750
00:35:09,775 --> 00:35:11,241
Somebody had
to have been there.
751
00:35:11,243 --> 00:35:12,776
Somebody had
to have been there.
752
00:35:12,778 --> 00:35:15,112
Somebody knew about the
new world, going back
753
00:35:15,114 --> 00:35:16,913
To ptolemy's
time and before...
754
00:35:16,915 --> 00:35:18,148
Probably before.
755
00:35:18,150 --> 00:35:20,050
And really, the only
candidate we have,
756
00:35:20,052 --> 00:35:21,451
The most logical
candidate, would have
757
00:35:21,453 --> 00:35:22,486
To be the phoenicians.
758
00:35:22,488 --> 00:35:25,489
♪♪
759
00:35:32,097 --> 00:35:34,798
♪♪
760
00:35:34,800 --> 00:35:37,767
Wolter: Is it possible that an
ancient phoenician sailor left
761
00:35:37,769 --> 00:35:40,036
Behind an artifact in wyoming?
762
00:35:40,038 --> 00:35:42,873
If so, they had to get here.
763
00:35:42,875 --> 00:35:46,643
And according to italian
researcher lucio russo,
764
00:35:46,645 --> 00:35:49,713
An ancient greek map by
claudius ptolemy suggests
765
00:35:49,715 --> 00:35:53,817
They may have done just that
more than 2,000 years ago
766
00:35:53,819 --> 00:35:58,655
On a ship like the one
philip beal recreated.
767
00:35:58,657 --> 00:36:07,664
♪♪
768
00:36:07,666 --> 00:36:10,734
I'm on my way to wyoming to
follow up on one last thing
769
00:36:10,736 --> 00:36:14,004
That could tell me whether
lorene bolen's artifact is
770
00:36:14,006 --> 00:36:17,440
The proof that's
long been missing.
771
00:36:17,442 --> 00:36:20,977
Early translations from
1982 suggested it said,
772
00:36:20,979 --> 00:36:22,145
"keep safe.
773
00:36:22,147 --> 00:36:23,813
Do not break the stone.
774
00:36:23,815 --> 00:36:25,982
Misfortune it turns away.
775
00:36:25,984 --> 00:36:27,884
It protects against
evil,
776
00:36:27,886 --> 00:36:30,487
Strikes harm
and turns it aside."
777
00:36:30,489 --> 00:36:33,623
But I think I need a
present-day scholar to weigh in,
778
00:36:33,625 --> 00:36:36,860
Someone who has the
benefit of more knowledge
779
00:36:36,862 --> 00:36:42,332
That's been collected about
the culture and the language.
780
00:36:42,334 --> 00:36:44,501
Well, brian, help me
understand phoenician script
781
00:36:44,503 --> 00:36:45,802
A little bit.
782
00:36:45,804 --> 00:36:48,004
It's safe to say at a minimum
that the phoenicians had
783
00:36:48,006 --> 00:36:50,473
A very heavy influence
on the development
784
00:36:50,475 --> 00:36:52,242
Of written language,
right?
785
00:36:52,244 --> 00:36:54,511
The alphabet is one of the
great cultural achievements
786
00:36:54,513 --> 00:36:56,179
In all of world history,
period.
787
00:36:56,181 --> 00:36:57,814
And the phoenicians
played a massive role
788
00:36:57,816 --> 00:36:59,950
In making that work.
789
00:36:59,952 --> 00:37:02,552
Wolter:
Before the phoenicians,
cultures in the mediterranean
790
00:37:02,554 --> 00:37:03,987
Were using a lot of different
791
00:37:03,989 --> 00:37:06,122
Cuneiform symbols
to communicate.
792
00:37:06,124 --> 00:37:09,659
It made it hard to trade
goods with other cultures.
793
00:37:09,661 --> 00:37:12,829
The phoenicians came up
with 22 letters based
794
00:37:12,831 --> 00:37:16,900
On egyptian hieroglyphics
in the 12th century b.C.,
795
00:37:16,902 --> 00:37:19,069
Which they encouraged
other cultures to adopt
796
00:37:19,071 --> 00:37:22,205
And which inspired
our alphabet today.
797
00:37:22,207 --> 00:37:24,040
They can't be credited
with inventing
798
00:37:24,042 --> 00:37:25,909
The alphabet
from scratch.
799
00:37:25,911 --> 00:37:28,478
They can be credited
with popularizing it.
800
00:37:28,480 --> 00:37:30,547
And the phoenicians were
really the pioneers.
801
00:37:30,549 --> 00:37:31,881
They did a magnificent
cultural service
802
00:37:31,883 --> 00:37:33,516
With their alphabet.
803
00:37:33,518 --> 00:37:34,818
We know that that
the phoenicians were,
804
00:37:34,820 --> 00:37:36,386
In a word, amazing.
805
00:37:36,388 --> 00:37:38,521
And we know that the
phoenicians went all
806
00:37:38,523 --> 00:37:39,789
Throughout
the mediterranean.
807
00:37:39,791 --> 00:37:41,925
We know that they broke
across the top of africa
808
00:37:41,927 --> 00:37:44,227
And down, maybe
circumnavigated africa,
809
00:37:44,229 --> 00:37:46,329
Maybe were the first
people from the region
810
00:37:46,331 --> 00:37:48,198
To break out into
the atlantic ocean.
811
00:37:48,200 --> 00:37:49,466
Well, we'll see here.
812
00:37:49,468 --> 00:37:50,967
It's moment of truth.
-Yes.
813
00:37:50,969 --> 00:37:54,070
Here is the stone.
814
00:37:54,072 --> 00:37:56,339
Ah, very nice.
815
00:37:56,341 --> 00:37:57,841
Barry fell was somebody
they considered
816
00:37:57,843 --> 00:37:59,009
To be an expert.
817
00:37:59,011 --> 00:38:00,877
He said it was
definitely phoenician.
818
00:38:00,879 --> 00:38:02,579
I'm honored that you asked
me to take a look at it.
819
00:38:02,581 --> 00:38:04,314
I love things like this.
It's a great little piece.
820
00:38:04,316 --> 00:38:06,283
I mean, when I look
at it, clearly
821
00:38:06,285 --> 00:38:08,885
Somebody was doing
something on this, right.
822
00:38:08,887 --> 00:38:10,086
So you agree
it's manmade?
823
00:38:10,088 --> 00:38:12,489
Somebody was inscribing
something on this.
824
00:38:12,491 --> 00:38:14,357
I mean, these are very
distinctive marks.
825
00:38:14,359 --> 00:38:17,861
I wanted to get an opinion
of an expert today.
826
00:38:17,863 --> 00:38:20,964
Somebody who has the benefit
of new knowledge.
827
00:38:20,966 --> 00:38:23,066
And so, I ask you,
828
00:38:23,068 --> 00:38:26,369
Is this a legitimate
phoenician inscription?
829
00:38:26,371 --> 00:38:31,875
♪♪
830
00:38:39,084 --> 00:38:45,388
♪♪
831
00:38:45,390 --> 00:38:48,458
Wolter:
I'm speaking to an expert
in ancient languages
832
00:38:48,460 --> 00:38:51,461
To see if the artifact
lorene bolen found
833
00:38:51,463 --> 00:38:53,730
In rock springs, wyoming,
is the proof
834
00:38:53,732 --> 00:38:55,999
That's long been
missing that suggests
835
00:38:56,001 --> 00:39:00,337
Phoenicians made it to
america 2,000 years ago.
836
00:39:00,339 --> 00:39:02,806
Is this a legitimate
phoenician inscription?
837
00:39:02,808 --> 00:39:05,809
♪♪
838
00:39:05,811 --> 00:39:08,712
I have some bad news.
839
00:39:08,714 --> 00:39:10,046
I would say no.
840
00:39:10,048 --> 00:39:12,515
I would say it's not.
841
00:39:12,517 --> 00:39:14,651
What do you see
that tells you
842
00:39:14,653 --> 00:39:17,287
That this is
not phoenician?
843
00:39:17,289 --> 00:39:19,689
The phoenician script
was standardized.
844
00:39:19,691 --> 00:39:21,758
Wolter: Real phoenician
script, which dates
845
00:39:21,760 --> 00:39:25,362
To the 8th century b.C.,
has known letters.
846
00:39:25,364 --> 00:39:28,732
And while lorene bolen's
inscribed rock has a few marks
847
00:39:28,734 --> 00:39:32,836
That could be phoenician, the
rest of it is unrecognizable.
848
00:39:32,838 --> 00:39:36,373
Dork:
This triangular shape, a
very clear horizontal one,
849
00:39:36,375 --> 00:39:39,376
But a dalet, or a letter d,
pretty much like our letter d.
850
00:39:39,378 --> 00:39:40,977
A triangle, this is
where we get this from.
851
00:39:40,979 --> 00:39:42,545
I mean, this is clearly
something, right?
852
00:39:42,547 --> 00:39:43,747
-Oh, yeah.
-This isn't nothing.
853
00:39:43,749 --> 00:39:46,282
Somebody incised these
markings in here.
854
00:39:46,284 --> 00:39:48,184
The question is what is it
and what were they trying
855
00:39:48,186 --> 00:39:49,419
To do, and at what
time period?
856
00:39:49,421 --> 00:39:50,954
There are too many
letters, though,
857
00:39:50,956 --> 00:39:53,323
That have no correspondence
to any phoenician character.
858
00:39:53,325 --> 00:39:56,092
Unfortunately, I'm
gonna have to deliver
859
00:39:56,094 --> 00:39:58,862
Some bad news to
don and patrice.
860
00:39:58,864 --> 00:40:01,064
But in the end, the
data's the data.
861
00:40:01,066 --> 00:40:02,866
The results are the
results, and thanks
862
00:40:02,868 --> 00:40:05,502
For helping me get there.
-My pleasure, thank you.
863
00:40:05,504 --> 00:40:09,506
♪♪
864
00:40:09,508 --> 00:40:11,841
Wolter:
In the case of the bolen's
good luck charm being
865
00:40:11,843 --> 00:40:15,578
An authentic phoenician
artifact, it is bad news.
866
00:40:15,580 --> 00:40:18,148
But in the case of
proving how likely it is
867
00:40:18,150 --> 00:40:22,285
Phoenicians made it to america,
I think I did get lucky.
868
00:40:22,287 --> 00:40:24,854
I now have more evidence
than before suggesting
869
00:40:24,856 --> 00:40:29,426
They could've made it here
and back in ancient times.
870
00:40:29,428 --> 00:40:37,467
♪♪
871
00:40:37,469 --> 00:40:45,508
♪♪
872
00:40:45,510 --> 00:40:51,347
First things first, I told you
I'd bring the artifact back.
873
00:40:51,349 --> 00:40:54,184
And there it is.
-Thank you.
874
00:40:54,186 --> 00:40:57,353
I just met with a linguist,
and his conclusion is
875
00:40:57,355 --> 00:41:01,925
This is not a genuine
phoenician artifact.
876
00:41:01,927 --> 00:41:03,526
[ chuckles ]
877
00:41:03,528 --> 00:41:06,196
I wish it was real
from that time.
878
00:41:06,198 --> 00:41:07,697
Not more than me.
879
00:41:07,699 --> 00:41:10,934
A little disappointed, but
we know it's something,
880
00:41:10,936 --> 00:41:13,303
We just don't know
what it is yet.
881
00:41:13,305 --> 00:41:14,771
This still begs
the question,
882
00:41:14,773 --> 00:41:17,507
"could the phoenicians have
come to north america,"
883
00:41:17,509 --> 00:41:19,876
And specifically, "could
they have come to wyoming?"
884
00:41:19,878 --> 00:41:21,077
The answer
is "yes."
885
00:41:21,079 --> 00:41:23,847
I still think it's a
great story, and I wish
886
00:41:23,849 --> 00:41:26,316
That your mother was
here to hear this.
887
00:41:26,318 --> 00:41:28,685
I'd love to meet her
and I'd like a little
888
00:41:28,687 --> 00:41:31,020
Of that good luck
hopefully to rub off on me.
889
00:41:31,022 --> 00:41:34,524
Wolter:
Well, tell you what, I would
like to propose a toast
890
00:41:34,526 --> 00:41:38,061
To your mom, lorene,
and continued good luck
891
00:41:38,063 --> 00:41:41,030
To your family
going forward.
892
00:41:41,032 --> 00:41:42,164
-Thank you.
-Thank you, cheers.
893
00:41:42,166 --> 00:41:43,399
Cheers.
894
00:41:43,401 --> 00:41:48,304
♪♪
895
00:41:48,306 --> 00:41:51,708
Wolter: Like I've always said,
"you make your own luck."
896
00:41:51,710 --> 00:41:55,111
It's only when you examine
things from all sides
897
00:41:55,113 --> 00:41:57,313
That you find what
you're looking for.
898
00:41:57,315 --> 00:42:00,850
In this case, I'm convinced
it's entirely possible
899
00:42:00,852 --> 00:42:03,820
The phoenicians, with
their game-changing ability
900
00:42:03,822 --> 00:42:07,123
To sail the open seas, came
to the new world millennia
901
00:42:07,125 --> 00:42:09,092
Before christopher columbus.
902
00:42:09,094 --> 00:42:12,896
And I think proving it
is just a matter of time.
903
00:42:12,898 --> 00:42:16,533
♪♪
904
00:42:16,535 --> 00:42:19,869
If you have a mysterious
artifact or site I need to see,
905
00:42:19,871 --> 00:42:21,304
I wanna know about it.
906
00:42:21,306 --> 00:42:25,208
Go to travelchannel.Com/
americaunearthed.
81309
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