Original subtitles

NARRATOR: FRONTIER TRADER GEORGE CROGHAN HAS BEEN DISPATCHED ON A CRUCIAL MISSION:

TO BROKER A PEACE TREATY BETWEEN THE BRITISH CROWN

AND THE WARRING TRIBES OF THE OHIO VALLEY.

♪ ♪

BUT CROGHAN IS UNAWARE HE'S IN THE SIGHTS OF A GROUP OF ROGUE WARRIORS

WHO HAVE ANYTHING BUT PEACE ON THEIR MIND.

[GUNSHOTS]

NARRATOR: NOW, CROGHAN MAY BECOME ANOTHER CASUALTY OF THE WAR HE'S TRYING TO END.

♪ ♪

♪ ♪

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: GEORGE CROGHAN COMES TO NORTH AMERICA FROM IRELAND, SEEKING HIS FORTUNE.

AND HE BECOMES ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL MEN ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER.

♪ ♪

LAURA CROGHAN KAMOIE: HE'S A MAN ON THE MAKE.

HE'S ALWAYS LOOKING FOR THE NEXT OPPORTUNITY.

AND HE GOES WHERE THOSE OPPORTUNITIES TAKE HIM.

ON THE FRONTIER, FORTUNE FAVORS THE BOLD.

THE FURTHER YOU GO TO PLACES THAT AREN'T ON THE MAP,

IN CROGHAN'S MIND, THE MORE OPPORTUNITY THERE IS FOR TRADE

AND MOST IMPORTANTLY PROFIT.

ANDREW NELSON: CROGHAN WAS OUT THERE

TALKING TO THE AMERICAN INDIANS IN A WAY

THAT FEW OF HIS CONTEMPORARIES WERE.

HE TOOK THE TIME TO LEARN AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES,

TO LEARN THEIR CUSTOMS, AND HE PROVED,

TIME AND TIME AGAIN, THIS WAS A MAN WHOSE WORD WAS GOOD.

♪ ♪

♪ ♪

WILLIAM CAMPBELL: GEORGE CROGHAN WAS

ONE OF THE FIRST ANGLO

FUR TRADERS TO GO OVER THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY.

THE REGION WAS LONG DOMINATED BY THE FRENCH.

NARRATOR: BRITAIN AND FRANCE BOTH COVET THE LAND

AND RESOURCES OF THE OHIO VALLEY,

AND AS THEY FIGHT FOR CONTROL OF THE REGION,

THE NATIVE TRIBES HAVE TO CHOOSE A SIDE.

KAMOIE: THE INDIANS WERE NOT ONE MONOLITHIC GROUP,

ALL OF THE SAME OPINION AND ALL OF THE SAME MIND.

WHICH IS WHY AS THE DIFFERENT GROUPS DECIDED

WHETHER IT WAS THE BRITISH OR THE FRENCH

THAT WOULD GIVE THEM THE BETTER CHANCE OF OBTAINING THEIR GOALS,

THEY DIDN'T ALL DECIDE ON THE SAME THING.

NARRATOR: AS A TRADER, GEORGE CROGHAN HAS THE INFLUENCE

TO SWAY THE NATIVES TOWARD THE BRITISH.

CROGHAN: NOW, HERE'S THE WAY I DO BUSINESS.

I'VE GOT A FAIR RATE OF EXCHANGE.

SIX RACCOON PELTS, OR FOUR FOX PELTS,

WILL GET YA 12 SHIRTS OR EIGHT WARM BLANKETS, MM?

NARRATOR: CROGHAN IS EVEN WILLING TO PUSH THE LIMITS OF "GOOD BUSINESS,"

IF THAT'S WHAT IT TAKES TO MAKE A DEAL.

OH, A MAN WHO KNOWS WHAT HE WANTS.

ENGLISH GUNPOWDER.

A FROWNED-UPON ITEM FOR SOME TRADERS,

BUT NOT FOR GEORGE CROGHAN!

NELSON: MANY TRADERS, ESPECIALLY BRITISH TRADERS, ARE RELUCTANT

TO TRADE GUNS AND AMMUNITION WITH AMERICAN INDIANS

FOR FEAR THAT THOSE WEAPONS WOULD BE USED AGAINST THEM.

BUT CROGHAN HAS NO SUCH QUALMS.

NARRATOR: AS CROGHAN'S BUSINESS GROWS,

FRENCH TRADERS LONG ESTABLISHED IN THE AREA

SEE HIM AS UNWANTED COMPETITION.

CROGHAN: IF YOU AND YOUR OTTAWA FRIENDS WOULDN'T MIND WAITIN'

WHILE I FINISH MY BUSINESS HERE?

FRENCH TRADER: YOU HAVE NO BUSINESS ON FRENCH LAND.

THIS HERE'S OPEN TERRITORY.

[COCKS RIFLE]

NARRATOR: TRADE ON THE FRONTIER CAN QUICKLY TURN VIOLENT.

CROGHAN IS BOTH CAREFUL AND CLEVER.

SENECA CHIEF: [CALLS]

♪ ♪

MY FRIEND'S A CHIEF OF THE SENECA, YOU SEE.

HIS WARRIORS WERE GIVIN' HIM PRIVACY TO CONDUCT BUSINESS.

[LAUGHS] A LITTLE PRIVACY IS ALWAYS APPRECIATED.

♪ ♪

NOW THEN, SIX PINTS OF FINE ENGLISH GUNPOWDER.

YOU JUST ASSURE ME IT'LL ONLY BE USED FOR HUNTING,

OR AGAINST THE FRENCH, AND UH-

[LAUGHS] WE CAN GET DOWN TO BUSINESS!

JONATHAN BURNS: HE ALWAYS TRIED TO DEFUSE TENSIONS BETWEEN NATIVE GROUPS.

TENSIONS AND OPEN WARFARE WERE BAD FOR HIS TRADE BUSINESS.

NARRATOR: BUT CROGHAN CAN'T AVOID WARFARE FOREVER,

AS THE COMPETITION BETWEEN BRITAIN AND FRANCE FOR CONTROL OF THE OHIO VALLEY

EXPLODES INTO THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.

♪ ♪

CROGHAN'S RAPPORT WITH THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES

WILL BE CRUCIAL FOR NEGOTIATING AND WINNING ALLIES,

[HORSE WHINNIES]

SO HE JOINS A MILITARY EXPEDITION AGAINST THE FRENCH,

LED BY GENERAL EDWARD BRADDOCK.

CROGHAN: GENERAL BRADDOCK!

LOVELY DAY!

SIR.

AYE, WELL UH, HE'S A BUSY MAN.

BURNS: I THINK, FIRST AND FOREMOST, GEORGE CROGHAN WAS A BUSINESSMAN.

HE MAY HAVE FELT A LITTLE BIT OF LOYALTY TO THE CROWN,

BUT NOT OUT OF PATRIOTISM AS MUCH AS THE FACT

THAT EMPIRE GOES HAND IN HAND WITH TRADE.

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: BRADDOCK HAS ARRIVED FROM ENGLAND

WITH A FORMIDABLE MILITARY FORCE.

♪ ♪

THEIR TARGET IS THE FRENCH FORT DUQUESNE.

BURNS: FORT DUQUESNE WAS POSITIONED ON THE CONFLUENCE

OF THE OHIO AND THE ALLEGHENY RIVERS.

IF YOU COULD TAKE THAT, YOU COULD CONTROL A LOT OF MOVEMENT LOGISTICALLY.

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: ONE OF BRADDOCK'S GUIDES IS LEGENDARY FRONTIERSMAN CHRISTOPHER GIST.

CROGHAN: AH, CHRISTOPHER, THE BEAUTY OF IT.

THIS YEAR, THE GENERAL CLEARS A FINE WIDE ROAD,

AND NEXT YEAR, IT'LL BE LINED WITH SETTLERS AND TRADIN' POSTS.

GIST: NICE TO HAVE THE ARMY DO YOUR WORK FOR YOU. CROGHAN: [LAUGHS]

LIKE MANY, CROGHAN IS OPTIMISTIC ABOUT BRADDOCK'S PROSPECTS.

NOT ONLY WILL BRADDOCK GET RID OF THE FRENCH,

HE'LL ALSO OPEN UP A VALUABLE TRADE ROUTE

INTO THE INTERIOR OF THE CONTINENT.

♪ ♪

[FOOTSTEPS]

NARRATOR: CROGHAN FINDS A DEAD SCOUT,

A SURE SIGN THAT THE FRENCH AND THEIR NATIVE ALLIES

HAVE LEARNED OF BRADDOCK'S MISSION.

THEY KNOW WE'RE COMIN'.

GIST: I'LL SCOUT AHEAD.

YOU GET WORD TO BRADDOCK.

[FOOTSTEPS]

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: HE QUICKLY WARNS BRADDOCK'S 23-YEAR-OLD AIDE,

GEORGE WASHINGTON.

BURNS: WASHINGTON AND CROGHAN

WERE VERY DIFFERENT TYPES OF PEOPLE.

CROGHAN WAS MOVING BETWEEN WORLDS.

HE WAS AN INTERMEDIARY, NOT A GENTLEMAN.

CROGHAN: COLONEL WASHINGTON, GIST AND ME FOUND ONE OF

THE FORWARD SCOUTS WITH AN ARROW IN HIS BACK.

BEST TELL THE GENERAL.

WASHINGTON: I AM WELL AWARE OF MY RESPONSIBILITIES,

MR. CROGHAN.

CRYTZER: GEORGE CROGHAN DIDN'T COMPORT HIMSELF

IN A WAY THAT SOMEONE FROM GEORGE WASHINGTON'S

SOCIAL CLASS WOULD'VE RESPECTED OR ADMIRED.

TAKE IT AS A SUGGESTION.

AND A GOOD ONE!

IF THE GENERAL'S OFFICERS HAD HAD MORE RESPECT

FOR THE IROQUOIS I BROUGHT, THEY MIGHT HAVE SCOUTED AHEAD

AND PREVENTED THIS, INSTEAD OF PACKIN' UP AND GOIN' HOME.

[GUNSHOT]

[WAR CRIES] [GUNFIRE]

[WAR CRIES]

BRADDOCK GOT VERY CLOSE TO HIS OBJECTIVE

AND THEY CAME HEAD TO HEAD WITH THE INDIAN ALLIES OF THE FRENCH.

CRYTZER: THEY WERE AMBUSHED BY 700 GREAT LAKES WARRIORS.

BURNS: THE COLUMN WAS GETTING JAMMED UP AND COMPLETELY ATTACKED.

THESE FOLKS WERE NOW SITTING DUCKS.

DO YOU SEE THEM, CROGHAN?

I CAN'T SEE ANYTHING.

[GUNFIRE] [WAR CRIES]

OF THE CLOSE TO 1,500 MEN THAT BRADDOCK BRINGS INTO THE BATTLE,

OVER 1,000 ARE KILLED, OR WOUNDED.

[GUNFIRE]

[WAR CRIES]

[GUNFIRE]

[HORSE WHINNIES]

BRUMWELL: BRADDOCK HIMSELF WAS FINALLY WOUNDED.

AND WASHINGTON, WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF GEORGE CROGHAN,

MANAGED TO BUNDLE THE WOUNDED BRADDOCK INTO A CART.

SO THEY COULD GET HIM AWAY FROM THIS-

THIS SCENE OF CARNAGE.

BRADDOCK: [GRUNTS]

CROGHAN: EASY NOW, GENERAL.

IF YOU'RE GOING TO DIE ON THE FIELD OF BATTLE,

LET'S LEAVE THAT TO THE ENEMY, SHALL WE?

BRADDOCK, IN A SENSE OF SHAME

THAT HE PERSONALLY WAS RESPONSIBLE,

HE REACHED OUT FOR CROGHAN'S PISTOLS

SO THAT HE COULD PUT AN END TO HIS OWN LIFE.

IN THE SAME WAY THAT A DEFEATED ROMAN GENERAL

WOULD HAVE FALLEN ON HIS SWORD.

WASHINGTON: WE HAVE TO RETREAT.

CROGHAN: LET'S HOPE WE LIVE LONG ENOUGH.

NARRATOR: GEORGE CROGHAN WENT INTO BATTLE

HOPING FOR A PROFITABLE VICTORY.

NOW, HE'S JUST TRYING TO SURVIVE A BLOODY DEFEAT.

♪ ♪

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: AFTER GENERAL BRADDOCK'S EXPEDITION SUFFERS

A VICIOUS ASSAULT BY FRENCH AND INDIAN FORCES,

FRONTIER TRADER GEORGE CROGHAN AND 23-YEAR-OLD COLONEL GEORGE WASHINGTON

ARE LEFT WITHOUT A COMMANDER.

WASHINGTON: GENERAL.

LOOKS LIKE THE COMMAND'S FALLEN TO YOU, COLONEL.

NARRATOR: IT'S NOW UP TO WASHINGTON TO TAKE CHARGE

AND LEAD A RETREAT TO SAVE WHAT'S LEFT OF BRADDOCK'S ARMY.

[GUNFIRE]

♪ ♪

[FOOTSTEPS]

THE BATTLE OF THE MONONGAHELA STANDS AS

ONE OF THE GREATEST MILITARY DEFEATS

IN THE HISTORY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE.

BRADDOCK'S BIG DOWNFALL WAS THAT

HE DIDN'T RESPECT THE FRONTIER.

HE LOOKED AT THE NATIVE PEOPLES IN THE REGION AS-

AS SOMEONE TO BE BROUGHT TO HEEL.

AND IT COST HIM HIS LIFE.

♪ ♪

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: BRADDOCK'S DEFEAT IS A GREAT VICTORY

FOR THE NATIVE TRIBES WHO SIDED WITH THE FRENCH,

AND ONE GREAT WARRIOR WILL SEIZE THIS OPPORTUNITY.

♪ ♪

[GUNSHOT]

THE MAN WHO STANDS TO GAIN MOST FROM BRADDOCK'S DEFEAT

IS THE WAR CHIEF OBWANDIYAG,

OR, AS THE FRENCH CALL HIM, PONTIAC.

PONTIAC WAS A WAR CHIEF OF THE OTTAWA,

WHO IS MOST FAMOUS TODAY FOR HAVING INSTIGATED

WHAT, AT THE TIME, WAS THE LARGEST UNITED UPRISING

OF AMERICAN INDIANS AGAINST EUROPEANS.

CAMPBELL: BRADDOCK'S DEFEAT WOULD HAVE REASSURED PONTIAC

THAT THE FRENCH WERE THE IMPERIAL ENTITY

THAT NATIVE AMERICANS SHOULD ALIGN WITH.

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: DAYS LATER, BRADDOCK'S RETREATING FORCES

STOP TO BURY THEIR SLAIN GENERAL.

DESPITE THE CALAMITY OF BRADDOCK'S DEFEAT,

THE BRITISH POUR NEW MEN AND SUPPLIES INTO THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR,

A CONFLICT IN WHICH BOTH PONTIAC AND GEORGE CROGHAN PLAY KEY ROLES.

SPERO: CROGHAN HAD BEEN SPREADING ALL THESE LIES AND RUMORS ABOUT THE FRENCH,

ALL IN AN ATTEMPT TO GET OHIO INDIANS TO RENOUNCE THEIR ALLEGIANCE TO THE FRENCH.

AND PONTIAC MADE A SPEECH

IN WHICH HE BERATED GEORGE CROGHAN AS A LIAR.

♪ ♪

PONTIAC: MY FRENCH BROTHERS,

THE MAN CALLED CROGHAN HAS SPREAD LIES.

HE SAYS THE ENGLISH HAVE TAKEN CANADA.

BUT I TELL YOU THE TRUTH.

CANADA IS UNCONQUERED,

CROGHAN IS A LIAR,

AND THE FRENCH SHALL BE VICTORIOUS!

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: BUT PONTIAC HAS CHOSEN THE WRONG ALLIES.

IN 1763, THE WAR ENDS WITH A BRITISH VICTORY

AT THE SITE OF GENERAL BRADDOCK'S NOTORIOUS DEFEAT.

BUT WHILE GEORGE CROGHAN LOOKS FORWARD TO THE RESUMPTION OF TRADE ACROSS THE FRONTIER,

PONTIAC WANTS TO TAKE THE WAR TO ANOTHER LEVEL.

PONTIAC: MY BROTHERS!

WHEN I HAVE ASKED THE ENGLISH

FOR MEDICINE FOR OUR SICK,

THEY LAUGH AT ME

AND YOU.

MY BROTHERS,

THE TIME HAS COME

TO EXTERMINATE THIS NATION

WHICH ONLY SEEKS TO DESTROY US!

CHIEFS: [CHANTS] PONTIAC! PONTIAC! PONTIAC! PONTIAC! PONTIAC!

NELSON: THE PONTIAC UPRISING WAS THE FIRST

WIDESPREAD UNITED UPRISING OF AMERICAN INDIAN PEOPLES

AGAINST COLONIAL POWERS

STEMMING THE TIDE OF WESTWARD MIGRATION.

♪ ♪

THE ACTION NEEDED WAS MASS UNIFIED ARMED RESISTANCE.

♪ ♪

[WAR CRIES]

[GUNFIRE]

NARRATOR: ADOPTING EUROPEAN-STYLE MANEUVERS,

PONTIAC'S FORCES LAY SIEGE TO A DOZEN BRITISH FORTS,

BUT THE BRITISH STRIKE BACK WITH ATTACKS OF THEIR OWN.

THE BRITISH ARE ABLE TO LAUNCH A SUCCESSFUL OFFENSIVE.

IN EARLY 1765, THE WAR ITSELF HAD ALMOST FALLEN INTO A STANDOFF.

NARRATOR: HOPING TO AVOID FURTHER BLOODSHED,

IN A WAR THAT COULD DRAG ON FOR YEARS,

THE BRITISH DECIDE TO NEGOTIATE A SERIES OF

PEACE TREATIES WITH THE WARRING TRIBES.

NEGOTIATION WAS NOT THE LAST RESORT FOR THE BRITISH,

BUT IT WAS CLOSE TO IT.

THERE'S ONLY ONE PERSON WITH THE

EXPERIENCE AND SKILLS TO DO IT,

AND THAT'S GEORGE CROGHAN.

NARRATOR: CROGHAN'S PLAN IS TO FIRST MAKE PEACE

AMONG THE TRIBES OF THE OHIO VALLEY,

THEN CONTINUE WEST TO FIND PONTIAC AND NEGOTIATE WITH HIM.

IF CROGHAN COULD GET ENOUGH TRIBES ON HIS SIDE,

HE WOULD HAVE ENORMOUS POLITICAL LEVERAGE WHEN HE FINALLY MET WITH PONTIAC.

THAT WAS THE ULTIMATE GOAL.

THERE'S NO PEACE WITHOUT PONTIAC.

SPERO: NATIVE AMERICANS WOULD EXPECT

DISPLAYS OF SINCERITY, OF TRUST,

AND AN EXCHANGE OF GOODS THAT REPRESENTED

THE RECIPROCAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BOTH PARTIES.

NARRATOR: THE BRITISH HAVE ONLY GIVEN CROGHAN TWO THOUSAND POUNDS TO PURCHASE GIFTS.

CROGHAN KNOWS THIS ISN'T NEARLY ENOUGH TO BRING ABOUT PEACE,

SO HE REACHES INTO HIS OWN POCKET.

HE PURCHASED SOME ESTIMATES SAY AS HIGH AS 30,000 BRITISH POUNDS WORTH OF GOODS.

CROGHAN DID SO BECAUSE HE REALIZED HOW PEACE HAD TO BE AFFECTED.

HE KNEW HOW NATIVE DIPLOMACY WAS CONDUCTED.

RIGHT, THEN.

MIND YOU TAKE CARE OF THE "SPECIAL" MERCHANDISE.

NARRATOR: CROGHAN RIDES AHEAD OF HIS GOODS,

AMONG THEM ARE SOME THE BRITISH WOULD NOT HAVE APPROVED.

ONE OF THE STORIES IS THAT ONE OF THE BARRELS

THAT WAS BEING CARTED WEST HAD CRACKED OPEN.

AND THERE ALL THESE SCALPING KNIVES IN IT.

AMMUNITION AND SCALPING KNIVES

SHOWED THAT THE BRITISH TRUSTED THESE NATIVE GROUPS AS PARTNERS.

CAMPBELL: THE FRONTIER SETTLERS WERE APPALLED BY THE NOTION

THAT THE BRITISH CROWN WAS SENDING WEAPONRY TO

NATIVE AMERICANS IN THE REGION THAT HAD

JUST UNLEASHED TERROR DURING PONTIAC'S REBELLION.

NARRATOR: IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE REBELLION,

A GROUP OF SETTLERS BAND TOGETHER

TO TAKE MATTERS INTO THEIR OWN HANDS.

NELSON: A REBEL GROUP OF SETTLER VIGILANTES,

MANY SCOTS AND GERMANS, HAD BEGUN TO CHAFE

UNDER A BRITISH RULE.

[HORSES GALLOPING]

THEY ALSO OBJECTED TO THE PROVISIONING OF AMERICAN INDIANS,

THAT INCLUDED, TO THEIR MIND,

WEAPONS THAT COULD BE THEN USED AGAINST THE SETTLERS.

[WAGON RATTLING]

CRYTZER: AND WHEN THE WAGON TRAIN CARRYING THOSE GIFTS

STARTS MOVING WESTWARD,

THEY'RE NOT GONNA STAND FOR IT.

♪ ♪

♪ ♪

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: CROGHAN'S GOODS ARE INTERCEPTED

BEFORE THEY CAN REACH HIM.

CROGHAN NEEDS THESE- THESE GIFTS

TO SUCCEED IN HIS MISSION.

[GUNSHOT]

[GUNPOWDER IGNITING]

IT JUST DIDN'T HAPPEN.

[FLAMES CRACKLING]

CAMPBELL: SO, THE VAST MAJORITY WAS SET ALIGHT.

A FEW GOODS AND COMMODITIES WERE NOT,

INCLUDING THE RUM.

[FLAMES CRACKLING]

NARRATOR: ONE OF CROGHAN'S MEN MANAGES TO COMMANDEER A HORSE

RELEASED FROM THE WAGON AND ESCAPE TO WARN CROGHAN.

[HOOFBEATS]

♪ ♪

MEANWHILE, CROGHAN IS AT FORT PITT, ANXIOUSLY WAITING FOR HIS DELIVERY.

[HOOFBEATS]

[HORSE WHINNIES]

♪ ♪

CROGHAN HEARS THE DEVASTATING NEWS

THAT HIS GOODS HAVE BEEN DESTROYED,

AND NOW HE KNOWS THERE CAN BE NO PEACE NEGOTIATIONS.

THE TRIBES WILL FEEL BETRAYED,

AND THE FRONTIER COULD ERUPT IN A NEW WAVE OF BLOODSHED.

NARRATOR: GEORGE CROGHAN'S PEACE MISSION IS IN DANGER OF FAILURE BEFORE IT BEGINS.

HE'S STRUGGLING TO SCRAPE TOGETHER GIFTS NECESSARY

TO EARN THE TRUST OF TRIBAL LEADERS,

TO REPLACE THE ONES DESTROYED BY A REBEL MILITIA OF WHITE SETTLERS.

AND THOSE LEADERS ARE ON THEIR WAY.

THE IMPORTANCE OF PRESENTS

IN NATIVE AMERICAN TREATIES

IS A SIGN OF RESPECT.

THE DESTRUCTION OF GOODS PUT THE PEACE

THAT HE WAS TRYING TO BRING TO NORTH AMERICA IN JEOPARDY.

CROGHAN: THE OHIO VALLEY TRIBES ARE RUNNIN' OUT OF AMMUNITION,

BUT THEY'LL ONLY STOP FIGHTING IF THEY GET SOME RESPECT,

AND THIS- THIS JUST ISN'T ENOUGH RESPECT, IS IT?

SHAWNEE CHIEF (IN SHAWNEE): WA-SE-KI-SEKI !

CROGHAN: [LAUGHS] SHAWNEES!

GO TELL THE COMMANDER THEY'VE COME IN PEACE.

I HOPE.

[IN SHAWNEE] HATITO !

WELCOME! WELCOME TO FORT PITT, MY FRIENDS!

CROGHAN ALWAYS HAS A BACKUP PLAN.

IT'S ONE OF HIS GREATEST ATTRIBUTES,

AND HE'S GONNA HAVE TO CALL IN FAVORS TO PROCURE GIFTS

TO SUCCEED IN HIS MISSION.

NARRATOR: BUT IT WILL TAKE MORE THAN CROGHAN'S GIFT OF GAB

TO GET THE SHAWNEES TO AGREE TO A PEACEFUL FUTURE.

CROGHAN: I WAS BRINGIN' MORE.

WHITE MEN DESTROYED THEM.

SHAWNEE CHIEF: WITH MEN LIKE THAT, HOW CAN THERE EVER BE PEACE?

YOU KNOW NOT ALL WHITES ARE LIKE THAT.

ELSEWISE YOU'D NOT HAVE COME.

LET ME HAVE A WORD WITH THE FORT COMMANDER.

HE NEEDED TO SUPPLEMENT

LEAD AND POWDER,

AND WENT STRAIGHT TO THE ARMORY AT FORT PITT

TO MAKE UP FOR THE SHORTFALL IN GOODS.

PRETTY BOLD MANEUVER.

♪ ♪

[LAUGHS]

THERE! AH?

TOKENS OF GOOD FAITH FROM THE ARMY ITSELF.

NARRATOR: THE SHAWNEE LEADERS CAN'T BELIEVE

CROGHAN TALKED THE ENGLISH INTO GIVING THEM GUNPOWDER.

CROGHAN: I ASSURED THE COMMANDER YOU'D NEVER USE THE GUNPOWDER AGAINST HIM.

THAT'D BE LIKE GIVING A GIFT BACK!

[LAUGHS]

NOW, LET'S SEE WHAT KIND OF PEACE WE CAN BUILD

ON GUNPOWDER AND RUM!

NARRATOR: GEORGE CROGHAN HAS TURNED POTENTIAL DISASTER

INTO VICTORY, BUILDING A BRIDGE OF TRUST.

♪ ♪

THANKS TO CROGHAN'S QUICK THINKING AND DEALMAKING,

THE OHIO VALLEY TRIBES AGREE TO PEACE

AND THE RESTORATION OF TRADE.

♪ ♪

CRYTZER: HE BROUGHT BACK THE MISSION FROM THE BRINK OF DISASTER.

THEY AGREED TO MAKE PEACE,

SCORE ONE FOR GEORGE CROGHAN.

PHASE ONE COMPLETE.

NARRATOR: BUT PHASE ONE IS THE EASY PART.

♪ ♪

CAMPBELL: THERE'S STILL RESISTANCE POCKETS AMONG

INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS THROUGHOUT

THE ILLINOIS AND OHIO COUNTRY.

[WAR CRIES]

[GUNSHOT]

NARRATOR: HUNDREDS OF MILES TO THE WEST,

OTHER TRIBES STILL WAGE WAR,

MANY FOLLOWING THE LEADER OF THE UPRISING:

PONTIAC.

CROGHAN STILL NEEDS TO SECURE

CHIEF PONTIAC'S SIGNATURE ON THE PEACE TREATY.

BUT THAT'S EASIER SAID THAN DONE.

THAT IS A DANGEROUS ASK.

♪ ♪

CRYTZER: NOW, HE HAD TO GO DOWN THE OHIO RIVER AND FIND PONTIAC.

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: CROGHAN HAS NO MORE GIFTS TO GIVE PONTIAC,

IF HE FINDS HIM.

HE HOPES THE PEACE TREATIES IN HIS POCKET,

AND SHAWNEE AMBASSADORS TRAVELING WITH HIM,

WILL GIVE HIM POLITICAL LEVERAGE.

BUT CROGHAN IS TRYING TO NEGOTIATE WITH A MAN

WHO HAS PUBLICLY CALLED HIM OUT AS A LIAR.

CRYTZER: IF PONTIAC SAID "NO, THAT WAS GAME OVER,"

AND PONTIAC DID NOT LIKE HIM.

WHAT IF FINDING PONTIAC MEANT GETTING KILLED BY PONTIAC?

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: HUNDREDS OF MILES AWAY,

PONTIAC HIMSELF FACES OPPOSITION IN HIS OWN RANKS.

I WILL SEE KASKE NOW.

NARRATOR: PONTIAC MAY HAVE STARTED THE WAR,

BUT HIS ULTIMATE GOAL IS THE SAME AS CROGHAN'S:

PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE BETWEEN THE NATIVE TRIBES

AND THE BRITISH EMPIRE.

BUT, THEN THERE WERE OTHERS WHO BELIEVED THAT THE BRITISH

NO MATTER WHAT WOULD ALWAYS COLONIZE AND SUBJUGATE.

AND ONE OF THE LEADERS OF THIS OTHER FACTION

WAS CHARLOT KASKE.

HIS FATHER WAS GERMAN, HIS MOTHER WAS SHAWNEE.

AND KASKE SAYS THERE CAN BE NO CHANCE FOR ACCOMMODATION IN PEACE.

♪ ♪

KASKE: WHY AM I SUMMONED LIKE A SERVANT?

WHY ARE YOU SO PROUD?

YOU CAME BACK FROM NEW ORLEANS

WITH NOTHING FROM OUR FRENCH BROTHERS.

NELSON: KASKE HAS JUST RETURNED FROM NEW ORLEANS,

WHERE HE MET WITH THE FRENCH GOVERNOR OF LOUISIANA,

ASKING FOR GUNS AND AMMUNITION.

SUPPORT IN THE FIGHT AGAINST THE BRITISH.

BUT TO HIS SURPRISE, HE'S TURNED DOWN.

KASKE: THEY GAVE ME GIFTS. FOR YOU.

I NEED GUNS!

♪ ♪

MAYBE YOU DIDN'T KNOW HOW TO ASK FOR THAT?

PERHAPS "THE GREAT PONTIAC" COULD HAVE DONE BETTER HIMSELF?

ENOUGH.

MAYBE YOU CAN ANSWER THIS:

WHAT SHOULD WE DO ABOUT CROGHAN?

I HAVE NEWS THAT HE COMES HERE.

KASKE: SHOULD I FEAR THAT "GREAT PONTIAC"

WILL LISTEN TO CROGHAN'S LIES?

DON'T WORRY. CROGHAN WILL NEVER REACH YOU.

WHEN THE TRIBES UP THE RIVER

FIND AN ENGLISHMAN ON THEIR LANDS,

THEY'LL KILL HIM, EVEN IF THEY DON'T KNOW WHO HE IS.

KEEP ME INFORMED.

AS GREAT PONTIAC ASKS.

SPERO: KASKE HAD VIRTUALLY NO TRUST

IN PONTIAC OR IN HIS VISION.

HE WAS ADAMANT

THAT THEY STOP THIS PEACE TREATY FROM HAPPENING.

♪ ♪

A FINE DAY INDEED.

WELL, SAVE ME A CUP.

NARRATOR: BUT AS PONTIAC AND KASKE'S

POWER STRUGGLE PLAYS OUT,

CROGHAN IS UNAWARE OF THE DANGER HE IS WALKING INTO.

CRYTZER: CROGHAN DIDN'T BELIEVE HE WAS IN ANY DANGER.

THE JOURNEY HAD BEEN SO PLEASANT,

EVERYONE HAD LET DOWN THEIR GUARD.

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: GEORGE CROGHAN HAS COME TO MAKE PEACE,

BUT NOW HE HAS BEEN TARGETED FOR DEATH.

♪ ♪

[GUNFIRE]

♪ ♪

A FINE DAY INDEED.

NARRATOR: GEORGE CROGHAN IS LEADING A MISSION

TO SECURE A PEACE TREATY BETWEEN THE BRITISH

AND THE POWERFUL OTTAWA CHIEF PONTIAC.

♪ ♪

BUT MANY IN THE OHIO VALLEY ARE UNINTERESTED

IN MAKING PEACE WITH THE BRITISH.

♪ ♪

[GUNFIRE]

[GUNFIRE]

THESE KICKAPOO AND MASCOUTEN WARRIORS

AREN'T FOLLOWING ORDERS FROM PONTIAC

OR HIS SHAWNEE RIVAL, CHARLOT KASKE.

CAMPBELL: IT WOULDN'T BE ATYPICAL FOR KICKAPOO OR MASCOUTEN WARRIORS

IN THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY

TO ATTACK A PARTY THAT LOOKED LIKE

CROGHAN'S PARTY AT THAT TIME.

THE ENGLISH ARE VIEWED VERY MUCH AS THE ENEMY.

CRYTZER: THE ATTACK ON CROGHAN'S CAMP

SEEMED COORDINATED,

BUT SOMETIMES WARRIORS JUST ACT ON THEIR OWN.

♪ ♪

SEVERAL MEMBERS KILLED, MANY INJURED, HE HIMSELF

SUSTAINS A TOMAHAWK WOUND. IT SEEMS LIKE

THINGS ARE REALLY QUITE DIRE FOR CROGHAN AND HIS MISSION.

NARRATOR: BUT THE WARRIORS HAVE STUMBLED INTO A SITUATION

THAT IS FAR MORE COMPLEX THAN THEY REALIZE.

SHAWNEE CHIEF: WHAT ARE YOU DOING?

DROP THAT TOMAHAWK! HOW DARE YOU DO THIS?

I AM THE CHIEF OF THE SHAWNEE!

I HAVE A MISSION OF PEACE WITH THAT MAN!

FOOL!

ALL THE OHIO TRIBES

WILL HAVE REVENGE ON YOUR PEOPLE!

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: AT THE WORDS OF THE WOUNDED SHAWNEE CHIEF,

THE KILLING STOPS.

CROGHAN'S LIFE IS SPARED...

FOR NOW.

SPERO: SO, HERE IS THIS GROUP THAT ATTACKED

CROGHAN, WHO WERE PROBABLY

UNAWARE THAT CROGHAN HAD CREATED A TEMPORARY TRUCE.

AND THEY ONLY LEARN OF THAT

AFTER THEY'VE KILLED SOME SHAWNEES.

♪ ♪

CAMPBELL: THEY'RE YOUNG WARRIORS THAT MADE

A MISCALCULATED JUDGMENT AND ATTACKED A PARTY

THAT THEY DIDN'T KNOW THE SIGNIFICANCE IT HELD.

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: THE WARRIORS' MISTAKE HAS MADE CROGHAN'S

PEACE MISSION EVEN MORE COMPLICATED.

PONTIAC WANTS TO FORCE THE BRITISH TO MAKE PEACE,

CHARLOT KASKE WANTS TO CONTINUE THE WAR,

AND THE KICKAPOO NOW HAVE IN THEIR HANDS THE ONE MAN

WHO COULD DECIDE THE FATE OF THE OHIO VALLEY.

SO, THE QUESTION NOW IS, "WHAT DO WE DO WITH THIS GUY?"

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: THE WARRIORS LET THE SHAWNEE GO,

BUT THEY DECIDE TO TAKE CROGHAN TO THEIR TRIBAL LEADERS TO DECIDE HIS FATE.

A BRUTAL FORCED MARCH, WITH LITTLE FOOD OR WATER.

♪ ♪

KAMOIE: DESPITE CROGHAN HAVING A FANCY

TOWNHOUSE IN PHILADELPHIA,

HE REALLY WAS SOMEONE WHO COULD BE QUITE TOUGH.

FUR TRADERS REALLY HAD TO LEARN TO BE COMFORTABLE WITH THE UNCOMFORTABLE.

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: THE MAN WHO DREAMED OF RICHES AND EASY LIVING

NOW THINKS ONLY OF SURVIVAL.

♪ ♪

CAMPBELL: IT'S HARD TO ESTIMATE

JUST HOW STRONG WILLED OF A PERSONALITY

AND PHYSICALLY CROGHAN MUST HAVE BEEN.

NARRATOR: EVERY STEP TAKES GEORGE CROGHAN

FARTHER FROM PONTIAC AND HIS MISSION.

BUT THE BLOW TO HIS HEAD MAY FINISH HIM FIRST.

CRYTZER: THE WOUND THAT CROGHAN SUFFERED WAS GRIEVOUS,

BUT HIS OPTIONS WERE VERY LIMITED.

YOU CAN STOP AND WAIT AND LIKELY DIE IN PLACE,

OR YOU CAN KEEP GOING.

CROGHAN: [YELLS] AH!

NARRATOR: PEACE ON THE FRONTIER DEPENDS ON THE SURVIVAL OF ONE MAN.

A MAN WHOSE TIME MAY HAVE RUN OUT.

♪ ♪

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: WOUNDED DURING AN ATTACK, GEORGE CROGHAN'S

HOPES OF A SUCCESSFUL PEACE MISSION SEEM OVER.

HE'S BEING MARCHED BY ROGUE KICKAPOO WARRIORS TO FACE THEIR CHIEFS.

♪ ♪

[CROGHAN GRUNTS]

♪ ♪

[CROGHAN BREATHING HEAVILY]

CROGHAN: AH!

AH.

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: AND YET, THERE MAY STILL BE A SLIM RAY OF HOPE FOR CROGHAN.

♪ ♪

VERY KIND.

NARRATOR: THE KICKAPOO KILLED

TWO SHAWNEE CHIEFS WHEN THEY KIDNAPPED CROGHAN,

AND THEY KNOW THOSE DEATHS WILL NOT GO UNANSWERED.

CROGHAN: COULD I TROUBLE YOU FOR SOME WATER?

AH! [YELLS]

♪ ♪

NELSON: THE THREAT TO THE KICKAPOO IS SHAWNEE RETALIATION.

THEY COULD HAVE A WAR ON THEIR HANDS.

SO, THIS IS A SITUATION THAT CALLS FOR STRATEGY.

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: CROGHAN REALIZES THAT HIS SURVIVAL

DEPENDS ON CONVINCING THE KICKAPOO

THAT HE IS THEIR ONLY HOPE FOR GETTING OUT

OF THIS SITUATION ALIVE.

♪ ♪

♪ ♪

[GASPING]

MUCH OBLIGED, I'M SURE.

CRYTZER: CROGHAN HAD TO GET THIS JUST RIGHT.

BE PATIENT,

KEEP YOUR THOUGHTS TO YOURSELF,

PLAY THE LONG GAME.

♪ ♪

KAMOIE: HE WAS QUITE CAPABLE OF

TALKING HIS WAY OUT OF REALLY DIFFICULT SPOTS.

NARRATOR: THE KICKAPOO MARCH CROGHAN MORE THAN

200 MILES FROM THE SITE OF HIS AMBUSH,

STOPPING TO REST NEAR FORT OUIATENON.

KNOWING A BRITISH FORT IS NEARBY, CROGHAN OPENS NEGOTIATIONS.

♪ ♪

♪ ♪

HE PRESSES HIS ONLY ADVANTAGE:

THE WARRIORS' FEAR OF REPRISAL

BY OTHER TRIBES FOR THEIR IMPULSIVE ATTACK.

CROGHAN: THANK YOU.

CAMPBELL: THEY ENDED UP KILLING AT LEAST

TWO OR THREE OF THE SHAWNEE CHIEFS

THAT ACCOMPANIED CROGHAN,

AND CROGHAN WOULD HAVE LEVERAGED HIS POSITION

TO GAIN THE BEST OUTCOME FOR HIMSELF.

♪ ♪

I KNOW YOU'RE WORRIED ABOUT WHAT THE SHAWNEE CHIEF SAID.

A TRIBAL WAR IS A FEARFUL THING.

BUT YOU ALSO KNOW I CAN HELP.

THAT'S WHY YOU'VE BEEN GOOD TO ME.

NELSON: CROGHAN IS ESSENTIALLY TRYING TO TALK HIS WAY TO FREEDOM.

AND THE PLAN ACTUALLY BEGINS TO MAKE SENSE TO HIS CAPTORS.

CROGHAN: I CAN TAKE YOUR SIDE,

SAY YOU AND YOUR FRIEND JUST MADE A MISTAKE.

♪ ♪

IF I'M ALIVE.

NOW, THERE'S A FORT JUST OVER THAT WAY.

YOU TAKE ME INSIDE THE GATES,

AND I'LL TELL THE SOLDIERS WE'RE ALL FRIENDS.

HM?

HOW'S THAT SOUND?

KAMOIE: WHEN HIS INDIAN ATTACKERS

REALIZE THAT CROGHAN PROMISES

HIS INTERCESSION WITH THE SHAWNEE,

HE'S ALREADY SORT OF TURNED THEM AROUND.

NARRATOR: BUT JUST WHEN FREEDOM SEEMS WITHIN REACH,

A HIDDEN ENEMY MAKES HIS MOVE.

♪ ♪

BY KIDNAPPING CROGHAN, THE KICKAPOO WARRIORS HAVE STUMBLED

INTO THE POLITICAL STRUGGLE BETWEEN OTTAWA CHIEF PONTIAC

AND THE SHAWNEE CHIEF CHARLOT KASKE.

NOW, NEWS OF CROGHAN'S CAPTURE

HAS REACHED KASKE, AND CROGHAN'S CAPTORS,

FEARFUL OF THE INFAMOUS CHIEF, HEED HIS CALL.

KASKE: I AM CHARLOT KASKE.

YOU'VE HEARD OF ME, AND YOU WILL LISTEN NOW.

YOU WILL NOT TAKE CROGHAN TO YOUR ELDERS, OR TO PONTIAC.

YOU WILL BRING CROGHAN TO ME NOW.

AND AS THE WHITES HAVE BURNED OUR VILLAGES,

SO I WILL BURN HIM,

'TIL ONLY HIS HEART REMAINS.

AND ALL THE TRIBES WILL KNOW OF THIS.

NARRATOR: KILLING CROGHAN WOULD DEMONSTRATE HIS DEFIANCE OF PONTIAC,

AND CONVINCE THE WARRING TRIBES THAT HE SHOULD BE THE ONE TO LEAD THEM.

SPERO: YOU'RE IN THIS COMPETITION BETWEEN KASKE AND PONTIAC.

IF YOU BRING HIM TO PONTIAC, YOU DON'T QUITE KNOW

WHAT THE RESULT'S GOING TO BE.

BRINGING HIM TO KASKE WOULD BE A DRAMATIC, DRAMATIC ACT.

♪ ♪

WELL. [LAUGHS]

IT'S GOOD TO SEE MY FRIENDS AGAIN.

♪ ♪

NARRATOR: GEORGE CROGHAN KNOWS HIS FATE HAS BEEN DECIDED.

THERE ARE ONLY TWO ROADS LEFT TO HIM:

FREEDOM OR DEATH.

NARRATOR: CAPTURED DURING A MISSION OF PEACE, GEORGE CROGHAN

HAS ALMOST CONVINCED HIS CAPTORS TO SET HIM FREE.

♪ ♪

WELL. IT'S GOOD TO SEE MY FRIENDS AGAIN.

NARRATOR: BUT THEY'VE BEEN ORDERED BY CHARLOT KASKE

TO HAND CROGHAN OVER TO BE KILLED.

♪ ♪

♪ ♪

INSTEAD, THE KICKAPOO DECIDE IT'S IN THEIR BEST INTERESTS TO SET CROGHAN FREE,

AND ACCEPT HIS OFFER TO SQUARE THINGS WITH THE SHAWNEE.

♪ ♪

CROGHAN: ON TO THE FORT, THEN.

♪ ♪

KAMOIE: IT'S A QUINTESSENTIAL GEORGE CROGHAN STORY.

ONLY HE COULD BE TOMAHAWKED, DETAINED,

AND END UP FRIENDS WITH THOSE INDIANS

BY THE TIME THEY GOT WHERE THEY'RE GOING.

NARRATOR: CROGHAN'S LIBERATION IS A HUMILIATION FOR CHARLOT KASKE.

♪ ♪

PONTIAC: WERE YOU GOING TO BURN CROGHAN WITH THIS FIRE?

♪ ♪

IT'S TOO LITTLE, LIKE YOU.

BUT HOW CAN YOU COMMAND THE TRIBES

WHEN YOU CAN'T EVEN COMMAND TWO WARRIORS

WITH THE MINDS OF DOGS?

YOUR AUTHORITY IS BROKEN.

WHETHER CROGHAN LIVES OR DIES

WILL BE MY DECISION.

♪ ♪

NELSON: PONTIAC ASSERTS HIS AUTHORITY OVER KASKE.

KASKE HAS LOST THIS IMPORTANT ONFRONTATION.

NARRATOR: TO DEFY PONTIAC WOULD BE A COSTLY DECISION.

SO HE TAKES HIS LOSS, AND LIVES TO FIGHT ANOTHER DAY.

♪ ♪

AS HE PROMISED, CROGHAN AGREES TO MAKE PEACE BETWEEN THE SHAWNEES AND HIS FORMER CAPTORS.

I TOLD YOU THE COMMANDER WAS A GOOD HOST, DIDN'T I?

A GENEROUS MAN WITH HIS FOOD AND HIS DRINK.

[LAUGHS] NOW THEN,

ABOUT WHERE WE MIGHT BE ABLE TO FIND CHIEF PONTIAC.

PONTIAC: GEORGE CROGHAN.

♪ ♪

AND HIS DOGS.

NARRATOR: BUT IT'S PONTIAC WHO FINDS CROGHAN.

♪ ♪

WELL, NOW!

I'VE BEEN LOOKIN' ALL OVER FOR YA!

EVEN GOT A TOMAHAWK IN THE HEAD FOR MY TROUBLES.

BUT AS YOU SEE, THERE ARE ADVANTAGES TO HAVING A THICK SKULL!

YOU HAVE COURAGE.

I'VE ALSO GOT NEWS FROM THE TRIBES OF THE OHIO VALLEY,

IF CHIEF PONTIAC WOULD CARE TO HEAR IT.

CAMPBELL: BY THE TIME CROGHAN MEETS PONTIAC,

PONTIAC'S WELL AWARE

OF THE PRECARIOUS SITUATION

HE WOULD FACE IF HE CONTINUED

TO FIGHT THE BRITISH CROWN.

YOUR BATTLES WITH THE ENGLISH

HAVE FORCED THEM TO RESPECT YA.

THEY KNOW YOU'RE A GREAT CHIEF.

GREAT ENOUGH TO MAKE PEACE.

I THINK YOU WANT PEACE

SO YOU CAN GET RICH

WHEN THERE'S TRADE AGAIN.

AND WHAT'S WRONG WITH THAT?

WE CAN ALL BE RICH

AND ALIVE.

♪ ♪

CRYTZER: THE OFFER THAT GEORGE CROGHAN BROUGHT TO PONTIAC

WAS AN ECONOMIC ONE.

THE BRITISH HAD THE THINGS THAT

THE INDIAN ECONOMY NEEDED TO SURVIVE.

♪ ♪

FOR PONTIAC, THE NEW WORLD

WAS GOING TO BE A BRITISH WORLD AND HE BELIEVED

THAT OFFERED THE BEST DEAL TO HIS PEOPLE.

NARRATOR: FINALLY, THE PROMISE MADE BETWEEN TWO FIERCELY INDEPENDENT MEN

BECOMES A TREATY BETWEEN TWO NATIONS.

WHAT I THINK PONTIAC SEES,

IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO ESTABLISH A FOUNDATION FOR A FUTURE.

I DO BELIEVE THIS WAS A MOMENT OF- HOPE FOR- PONTIAC.

NARRATOR: IT IS A DECISIVE MOMENT FOR GEORGE CROGHAN AS WELL.

THE MAN WHO CAME TO THESE SHORES SEEKING RICHES

IS NOW SHAPING THE FUTURE OF A NATION.

♪ ♪

GEORGE CROGHAN WAS ABLE TO

OPERATE AMONG THE MOST ELITE IN NORTH AMERICA,

BUT HE COULD ALSO OPERATE WITH THE AVERAGE FRONTIERSMAN.

AND THEN, OF COURSE, HE WAS EXTREMELY ADEPT AT NAVIGATING DIFFERENT NATIVE AMERICANS CULTURES.

WHAT MADE CROGHAN SO SUCCESSFUL WAS HIS ABILITY TO CROSS SO MANY OF THESE BOUNDARIES.

♪ ♪

CAMPBELL: CROGHAN REALLY STOOD AT THE PRECIPICE OF

ESTABLISHING HIMSELF AS ONE OF THE

LEAD HISTORICAL FIGURES FROM COLONIAL AMERICA.

HE LED PEOPLE INTO A VISION OF THE FUTURE

THAT HAD YET TO BE DETERMINED.

BURNS: GEORGE CROGHAN LED ONE OF THE MOST ADVENTUROUS LIVES,

BROKERED SO MANY DEALS,

AND YOU CAN'T REALLY TELL THE STORY OF WESTWARD EXPANSION

IN THE OHIO COUNTRY

WITHOUT CENTERING THE STORY

ON GEORGE CROGHAN.

♪ ♪