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The myth of Vincent
van Gogh, the mad artist,
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has captivated us for
over a century now.
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Today, his paintings are among the most
recognizable and valuable in the world.
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My brush goes between
my fingers as if it were
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the bow on a violin, and
absolutely for my pleasure.
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But his work has often been
eclipsed by his reputation as a madman.
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Let me quietly continue my work.
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If it's that of a madman,
well, then too bad.
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I can't do anything about it.
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It is an incredible
story, but the true story of
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Vincent van Gogh is in the
902 letters he left behind.
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The vast majority written
to his brother Theo,
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who became his
confidant and his lifeline.
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It's from these letters
that this film is made,
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using only van Gogh's words and
those of the people around him.
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Every word spoken is true.
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On the night of December the 23rd,
1888, Vincent van Gogh suffered an acute
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mental breakdown and
cut off part of his left ear,
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which he presented to a
prostitute in his favorite brothel.
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The police discovered him lying in
a pool of blood in his bedroom
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and committed him here
to the local hospital in Arles,
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where he was
placed in an isolation cell.
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My dear Theo, where can I go
that's worse than where I've already been?
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Shut up for long days under lock
and key and in the isolation cell.
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Physically I'm well, the
wound is closing very well.
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And the great loss of
blood is balancing out.
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The most
fearsome thing is the insomnia.
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I feel weak, a little anxious, fearful.
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My dear brother, I do so wish
that you could tell me how you feel.
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It breaks my heart to know that now
you will actually have very bad days.
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I remain your brother
who loves you, Theo.
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00:04:17,115 --> 00:04:21,951
Vincent's childhood was the
product of a strict Calvinist upbringing.
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00:04:21,975 --> 00:04:25,400
His father was a minister in
the Dutch Reform Church, and
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he was brought up in Zundert,
a small town in the Netherlands.
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He was sent away to boarding
school, where he was taught
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the rudiments of drawing and
excelled in foreign languages.
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He left at the age of
16, when he started an
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apprenticeship with the
international art dealers, Goupil.
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Three years later, Theo
followed in his footsteps.
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This is where the letters begin.
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Vincent was 19 years old, and Theo just 15.
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00:05:02,536 --> 00:05:07,307
My dear Theo, I'm so
glad that both of us are now
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in the same line of business
and in the same firm.
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We must correspond often.
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00:05:16,121 --> 00:05:20,280
The love between two
brothers is a great support in life.
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That's an age old truth.
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Let the fire of love between
us not be extinguished, but
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let instead the experience of
life make that bond even stronger.
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Let us remain upright.
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00:05:32,081 --> 00:05:36,150
Let there be no secrets
as things stand today.
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In May 1873,
Vincent was transferred to
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Goupil's London office
and moved to Brixton.
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Once settled, he developed a passion for
English popular art, as seen in the black
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and white prints in the
graphic and illustrated
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London News, eventually
collecting 1,000 of them.
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In my view, prints like these,
together, form a kind of Bible for
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an artist, in which he reads
now and again to get into a mood.
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00:06:13,383 --> 00:06:18,737
For me, the English draftsmen are what
Dickens is in the sphere of literature.
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Noble and healthy and something
one always comes back to.
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Amongst his collection was
this print of Dickens' Empty Chair.
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The social realist subject
matter of the prints and
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Dickens' writings about
London's working class, living
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in squalid poverty, left a
lasting impression on Vincent.
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There's such a yearning for religion
among the people in those big cities.
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Many a worker in a factory or a shop
has had a remarkably pious, pure youth.
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The pulpit, where the minister
delivered unquestioned doctrine and
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00:07:02,321 --> 00:07:08,280
swayed to and fro, and handled the
book in a long-accustomed manner.
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00:07:11,030 --> 00:07:14,360
Reading George Eliot's
novels about English evangelism
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00:07:14,361 --> 00:07:17,880
reminded Vincent of his own
upbringing in a religious home.
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Wanting now to follow
in his father's footsteps,
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he immersed himself
in the study of the Bible.
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But his preoccupation
with religion led him to
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neglect his duties in the
art firm, so he was fired.
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00:07:39,401 --> 00:07:42,520
He now tried to get a position
as a teacher's assistant,
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hoping this would help him reach
his goal of entering the church.
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Herewith, a little drawing of the view
from the school window, where the boys
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stand and watch their parents
going back to the station after a visit.
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00:08:01,860 --> 00:08:06,306
Determined to make himself useful
to those he saw suffering around him,
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Vincent taught Sunday school to children
from the London markets and streets.
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00:08:12,170 --> 00:08:17,320
And on the 12th of November,
1876, he delivered his first sermon.
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The journey of our
life->> Theo, your brother
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spoke for the first time in
God's house last Sunday.
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When I stood up on the pulpit,
I felt like someone emerging out of
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a dark underground vault into the friendly
daylight, and it's a wonderful feeling.
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00:08:38,063 --> 00:08:40,050
When Vincent returned to Holland,
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his father agreed to support his
preparation to enter the ministry.
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00:08:44,694 --> 00:08:48,803
But he struggled with his
studies and quit after a year.
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00:08:51,353 --> 00:08:54,743
The only option left to
him was missionary work.
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00:08:54,860 --> 00:08:59,271
And in January, 1879, he
was appointed as a lay preacher
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in the Borinage, a coal
mining district in Belgium.
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00:09:04,392 --> 00:09:07,840
Going down in a mine
is an unpleasant business.
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In a kind of basket or
cage like a bucket in a well.
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The workers get used to it, but
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even so they never shake off an
unconquerable feeling of horror and dread.
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00:09:27,521 --> 00:09:31,654
Vincent was truly sickened
by the plight of the miners' lives.
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Nursing the sick and injured became
just as important to him as preaching.
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00:09:40,827 --> 00:09:46,038
But once again, after his six-month
trial, he failed to make the grade.
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Vincent was jobless once more.
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Money troubles and poverty
have something to do with it.
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Now you say from such
and such a time you've been
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going downhill, you've faded
away, you've done nothing.
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Now that being so, what's to be done?
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Theo worried about his brother, but
recognizing a talent in Vincent's sketches
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of the miners encouraged him to
apply himself more seriously to art.
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My plan is not to spam myself, not to
avoid a lot of difficulties and emotions.
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00:10:29,006 --> 00:10:32,416
It's of a relative indifference to me
whether I live a long or short time.
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00:10:33,645 --> 00:10:40,440
I'm concerned with the world only
in that I have a certain obligation or
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duty, if you like, having walked
the world for 30 years, to leave
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a souvenir of gratitude in the
form of paintings or drawings.
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00:10:57,121 --> 00:11:01,948
After years in the wilderness,
Vincent had finally found his vocation.
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00:11:02,148 --> 00:11:05,870
And amazingly, he was entirely self-taught.
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And all his letters from now on document
his single-minded immersion in art.
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Drawing is the root of everything.
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I feel the need to study figure
drawing from masters like Millet.
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In art, one must give one's
heart and soul, he says.
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I've already drawn the sower five times and
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I'm so completely absorbed in
that figure, I will take it up again.
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If I succeed in putting
some warmth and love
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into the work, then
it will find friends.
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00:11:57,665 --> 00:12:00,960
Although Vincent was
able to put love into his work,
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it was proving difficult
to find in his life.
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He was back home, living with his parents.
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00:12:07,881 --> 00:12:10,513
His widowed cousin,
Keeve Os, came to visit the
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parsonage, and Vincent
fell madly in love with her.
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00:12:19,001 --> 00:12:23,000
From the beginning of this love,
I felt that unless I threw myself into it
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unreservedly, committing myself to
it wholeheartedly, fully and forever,
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then there'd be absolutely
no chance for me.
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But this love was not reciprocated.
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00:12:37,081 --> 00:12:41,600
And it embarrassed his parents,
who thought he was shaming the family.
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00:12:41,601 --> 00:12:44,680
His uncle forbade
Vincent from seeing Keeve.
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But he bombarded her with letters.
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And then->> I went to Amsterdam.
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There I was told your
persistence is sickening.
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00:12:59,801 --> 00:13:02,520
I put my fingers in the
flame of a lamp and said,
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00:13:02,521 --> 00:13:06,780
let me see her for as long
as I hold my hand in the flame.
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00:13:08,905 --> 00:13:12,436
But they blew out the lamp
and said, you shall not see her.
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00:13:16,805 --> 00:13:21,655
To love, what a business.
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00:13:30,250 --> 00:13:34,480
Vincent set out for The Hague,
the center of the Dutch art world.
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00:13:35,129 --> 00:13:39,481
I had a rather violent argument
with Pa, and feelings ran so
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high that Pa said it would
be better if I left home.
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00:13:43,324 --> 00:13:45,960
I was angrier than I've ever
remembered being in my whole life.
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And I told Pa plainly that I found the
whole system of that religion loathsome.
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I want nothing more to do with it.
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Now, without an income
or a home, he turned to Theo.
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It goes without saying that I'm
asking you, Theo, if you can do it.
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Send me now and then what
you can without going short yourself.
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Let me send you my work, and
you take what you want from it.
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00:14:11,441 --> 00:14:13,614
But I insist that I
may consider the money I
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would receive from you
as money I have earned.
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00:14:16,767 --> 00:14:19,526
I hope to do as much as I can to
help you until you start earning yourself.
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00:14:19,641 --> 00:14:23,546
But what I don't like is the way
you've contrived to leave Pa and Ma.
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00:14:23,570 --> 00:14:26,089
The devil made you so childish.
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It's your duty to set
things straight at all costs.
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00:14:30,521 --> 00:14:35,360
Upon arrival in The Hague, Vincent
set himself up in a small studio and
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got a commission for
a series of cityscapes,
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sketching all aspects of
the modern metropolis.
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00:14:42,952 --> 00:14:46,960
And Vincent, wanting to enjoy
all the pleasures of city life,
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00:14:46,961 --> 00:14:53,100
soon found himself in hospital for a few
weeks, undergoing treatment for syphilis.
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00:14:54,220 --> 00:14:58,220
And then->> This winter
I met a pregnant woman
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who had been abandoned by the
man whose child she was carrying.
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00:15:02,441 --> 00:15:07,160
A pregnant woman, wandering the
streets in winter, earning her bread.
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You can imagine how.
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I took that woman as a model, and I
worked with her the whole of the winter.
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00:15:16,779 --> 00:15:21,509
Her name was Klazina Maria
Hornik, better known as Scene.
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A woman older than Vincent.
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She was a seamstress who
supplemented her income with prostitution.
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00:15:31,921 --> 00:15:36,000
But all the same, I have paid
her rent, and until now I've been able,
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thank God, to preserve
her and her child from
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hunger and cold by sharing
my own bread with her.
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00:15:43,608 --> 00:15:47,980
When I met this woman, she caught
my eye because she looked so ill.
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To me, she is beautiful.
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She posed for my very best drawing, Sorrow.
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I want to make drawings
that move some people.
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00:16:03,758 --> 00:16:05,560
Sorrow is a small beginning.
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00:16:05,561 --> 00:16:09,030
At least it contains something
straight from my own feelings.
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I couldn't draw sorrow
if I didn't feel it myself.
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This other one, Roots, is
some tree roots in sandy ground.
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I've tried to imbue the landscape
with the same sentiment as the figure.
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In all of nature, trees, for
instance, I see expression and soul.
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This relationship generated
even more disgust in the family
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than Vincent's earlier infatuation with
Key, and once again, he was penniless.
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Theo was just as scandalized and
refused to send any extra money.
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With Vincent unable to support a family,
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00:17:03,361 --> 00:17:08,190
Scene decided to go back to
prostitution once the baby was born.
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00:17:10,987 --> 00:17:14,966
But I shall continue
to think of her often.
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00:17:18,681 --> 00:17:23,404
And so Vincent left and
went deep into rural Holland
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to live and paint
among the peasants.
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00:17:27,881 --> 00:17:31,264
What I think is the
best life is a life made up of
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00:17:31,289 --> 00:17:35,139
long years of being in touch
with nature out of doors.
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00:17:36,352 --> 00:17:39,360
Here are a couple of evening effects.
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00:17:39,361 --> 00:17:41,830
I'm still working on that weed burner.
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00:17:46,681 --> 00:17:50,960
And one muddy evening
after the rain, I found a little hut,
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00:17:50,961 --> 00:17:55,860
which was very beautiful
in its natural setting.
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But living in such an isolated place,
loneliness soon bore down on him.
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00:18:10,241 --> 00:18:12,400
Alone, one is sure to perish.
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00:18:14,370 --> 00:18:17,030
Only with another can one be saved.
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00:18:19,601 --> 00:18:25,700
The very best and most effective
medicine is still love and a home.
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00:18:28,001 --> 00:18:31,220
So home he went,
depressed and broke,
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00:18:31,221 --> 00:18:35,680
and with his tail between his
legs, to live with his parents again.
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00:18:35,681 --> 00:18:40,090
We agreed that he will stay with us
for the time being to make studies here.
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00:18:41,163 --> 00:18:44,280
He wanted the outhouse
to be fitted up for him.
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00:18:44,281 --> 00:18:48,440
We don't think it's a particularly suitable
place, but we've had it spruced up.
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00:18:48,441 --> 00:18:52,900
Now we should just make it nice and
warm and dry, and then it should do.
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It's a similar reluctance
about taking me into the house
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as there would be about having
a large shaggy dog in the house.
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00:19:02,993 --> 00:19:05,623
He'll come into the room with his
wet paws, and then he's so shaggy,
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00:19:05,681 --> 00:19:11,000
he'll get in everyone's
way, and bark so loud.
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In short, he's a filthy animal.
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Despite the difficulties at
home, it was around this time
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that Vincent came
into his own as an artist,
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starting with the
drawings of local weavers.
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00:19:27,297 --> 00:19:31,544
I think the looms were that
quite complicated machinery...
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00:19:32,090 --> 00:19:35,219
in the middle of which
sits the little figure...
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00:19:36,352 --> 00:19:40,240
who also lend themselves
to pen drawings.
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00:19:43,121 --> 00:19:47,400
Vincent was then under the influence
of the Dutch painters Anton Moeve and
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00:19:47,401 --> 00:19:52,120
Joseph Israels, celebrated for their
peasant paintings and their grey and
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00:19:52,121 --> 00:19:55,799
brown palette, very different
from the revolutionary
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00:19:55,800 --> 00:20:00,460
impressionist paintings, which
Theo had written to Vincent about.
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00:20:00,840 --> 00:20:02,560
From what you say about impressionism,
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00:20:02,561 --> 00:20:05,600
it's not entirely clear to me what
one's supposed to understand by it.
221
00:20:07,642 --> 00:20:14,153
I'm not particularly curious or eager
for something different or newer.
222
00:20:16,760 --> 00:20:21,165
Nevertheless, Vincent was
becoming increasingly interested in color,
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00:20:21,311 --> 00:20:25,121
fascinated by what he
saw emerging on the looms.
224
00:20:25,848 --> 00:20:27,880
When the weavers weave those fabrics,
225
00:20:27,881 --> 00:20:31,760
they try to get the very brightest
colors in balance against one another in
226
00:20:31,761 --> 00:20:35,520
the multicolored targets, so that
rather than the fabric clashing,
227
00:20:35,521 --> 00:20:39,390
the overall effect is
harmonious from a distance.
228
00:20:42,601 --> 00:20:47,027
So now, Vincent starts to
introduce shards of color into his work.
229
00:20:48,400 --> 00:20:53,550
In landscapes, and then in a
series of portraits of local peasants.
230
00:20:56,601 --> 00:20:59,160
I have a few of the
heads I promised you.
231
00:20:59,161 --> 00:21:01,320
They are studies in the
true meaning of the word.
232
00:21:02,396 --> 00:21:05,110
I've already painted at least 30 or so.
233
00:21:10,201 --> 00:21:14,270
At the same time, I'm working on those
peasants around a dish of potatoes again.
234
00:21:17,161 --> 00:21:21,220
You see, I really wanted
to make it so that...
235
00:21:21,446 --> 00:21:23,532
people get the idea
that these folk eating their
236
00:21:23,556 --> 00:21:26,507
potatoes by the light of
the little lamp on the table,
237
00:21:26,854 --> 00:21:32,000
they have tilled the earth themselves with
these hands they are putting in the dish.
238
00:21:32,001 --> 00:21:35,128
And so the whole thing
speaks of manual labor,
239
00:21:35,129 --> 00:21:39,500
and thus they have
honestly earned their food.
240
00:21:41,200 --> 00:21:44,125
Admiration certainly
didn't come from Theo,
241
00:21:44,345 --> 00:21:50,241
or from Vincent's friend and fellow
artist, one Anton van Rappard.
242
00:21:50,560 --> 00:21:55,756
My dear friend, you can do
better than this, fortunately.
243
00:21:58,366 --> 00:22:03,460
That coquettish little hand of
that woman at the back, how untrue.
244
00:22:04,710 --> 00:22:06,835
And what connection is
there between the coffee pot
245
00:22:06,862 --> 00:22:09,616
and the hand lying
on top of the handle?
246
00:22:09,640 --> 00:22:11,263
What's that pot doing?
247
00:22:11,337 --> 00:22:13,016
It isn't standing.
248
00:22:13,041 --> 00:22:14,560
It isn't being held.
249
00:22:14,561 --> 00:22:16,661
But what then?
250
00:22:17,813 --> 00:22:20,347
And why may that man
on the left not have a knee?
251
00:22:20,441 --> 00:22:23,280
And why must his arm be a meter too short?
252
00:22:23,281 --> 00:22:26,420
And why must he lack half of his nose?
253
00:22:26,720 --> 00:22:33,420
Art is too important, it seems to
me, to be treated so cavalierly.
254
00:22:34,220 --> 00:22:37,880
But the contemptuous
critique of van Gogh's masterpiece
255
00:22:37,881 --> 00:22:41,980
wasn't the only matter
featured in van Rappard's letter.
256
00:22:42,655 --> 00:22:45,963
The news of the death of your father
came so unexpectedly
257
00:22:46,176 --> 00:22:51,536
that I very much wanted some further
message, which didn't come, however.
258
00:22:54,894 --> 00:22:59,477
Vincent hardly mentions the death
of his father in the letters at the time.
259
00:22:59,561 --> 00:23:02,480
But despite the difficulties
of their relationship,
260
00:23:02,481 --> 00:23:06,260
he was nevertheless
affected by the news.
261
00:23:07,763 --> 00:23:11,380
And he painted his father's Bible.
262
00:23:12,210 --> 00:23:17,180
Sending her a still life of an
open, hence an off-white Bible.
263
00:23:17,280 --> 00:23:20,120
Bound in leather against
a black background.
264
00:23:20,121 --> 00:23:23,186
Painted this one in a single day.
265
00:23:24,455 --> 00:23:28,143
And tellingly, Vincent placed
next to his father's Bible,
266
00:23:28,326 --> 00:23:31,456
a book by the French
novelist Emile Zola,
267
00:23:31,481 --> 00:23:36,223
the supreme chronicler of the
oppressed and tormented working class.
268
00:23:36,916 --> 00:23:39,840
Vincent saw in Zola a kindred spirit,
269
00:23:39,841 --> 00:23:45,280
embracing the social purpose of art as well
as the artistic interpretation of reality.
270
00:23:47,790 --> 00:23:49,360
Read lots of Zola.
271
00:23:49,361 --> 00:23:54,176
It's healthy stuff, clears the mind.
272
00:23:56,663 --> 00:24:00,268
The next part of his journey
would take him to the epicentre
273
00:24:00,293 --> 00:24:05,700
of the art world, leaving the
Netherlands far behind him.
274
00:24:10,636 --> 00:24:17,040
Vincent arrived in Paris in February
1886, when the art scene was in transition.
275
00:24:17,041 --> 00:24:20,057
Impressionism had been
dominant for over a decade,
276
00:24:20,290 --> 00:24:23,642
but now the hunt
was on for something new.
277
00:24:24,949 --> 00:24:29,400
Vincent intended to immerse
himself in the artistic life of the city,
278
00:24:29,401 --> 00:24:34,796
and moved to Montmartre with
Theo into this house at 54 Rue Lepic.
279
00:24:35,330 --> 00:24:37,840
Fortunately, we're doing
well in our new home.
280
00:24:37,841 --> 00:24:40,400
You no longer recognise
Vincent, his change so much.
281
00:24:40,401 --> 00:24:42,690
And that strikes others even more than me.
282
00:24:43,763 --> 00:24:49,655
What I hope to achieve is
to paint a good portrait anyway.
283
00:24:53,432 --> 00:24:57,360
For inspiration, he turned
to the Dutch master Rembrandt,
284
00:24:57,361 --> 00:25:00,259
who painted more than
90 self-portraits from the
285
00:25:00,260 --> 00:25:05,242
outset of his career to the
year of his death in 1669.
286
00:25:05,360 --> 00:25:08,610
So Rembrandt painted angels.
287
00:25:08,801 --> 00:25:14,817
He paints himself as an old man,
wrinkled, toothless, wearing a white cap.
288
00:25:17,063 --> 00:25:20,976
In the first, painting
from life in the mirror...
289
00:25:21,976 --> 00:25:28,034
he dreams, dreams, and his brush
begins to paint his own portrait again.
290
00:25:28,394 --> 00:25:33,460
But from memory, and...
his expression is sadder.
291
00:25:37,286 --> 00:25:39,986
And more saddening.
292
00:25:48,120 --> 00:25:50,689
For my own part, my
fortunes dictate that I'm making
293
00:25:50,714 --> 00:25:54,345
rapid progress in becoming
a little old man myself.
294
00:25:56,352 --> 00:25:59,160
Vincent started his self-portrait series
295
00:25:59,233 --> 00:26:02,499
with the dark brown colours
he'd been accustomed to.
296
00:26:04,520 --> 00:26:08,120
But gradually, his colour
and brushwork changed
297
00:26:08,121 --> 00:26:11,640
as he came under the influence of
the new art that he saw around him.
298
00:26:13,235 --> 00:26:16,476
The paintings become
lighter and more colourful.
299
00:26:19,509 --> 00:26:22,312
My intention is to show
that a variety of very
300
00:26:22,337 --> 00:26:25,245
different portraits can be
made by the same person.
301
00:26:28,479 --> 00:26:32,841
The painter of the future is a colourist
as there has never been before.
302
00:26:35,555 --> 00:26:37,888
He hasn't yet sold any
paintings for money,
303
00:26:37,913 --> 00:26:40,703
but exchanges his
work for other paintings.
304
00:26:40,817 --> 00:26:43,009
To give you an example, hardly a day passes
305
00:26:43,034 --> 00:26:47,810
without him being invited to visit
the studios of painters of repute.
306
00:26:48,290 --> 00:26:49,880
Or people come to him.
307
00:26:50,709 --> 00:26:55,005
Vincent, who was socially awkward,
had little appetite for these gatherings
308
00:26:55,112 --> 00:26:58,004
or for the competitive
environment it fostered.
309
00:26:58,458 --> 00:27:02,860
But there was one artist who,
like him, stood out from the crowd.
310
00:27:03,800 --> 00:27:09,760
His name was Paul Gauguin, and he shared
with Vincent a passion for Japanese prints.
311
00:27:11,641 --> 00:27:17,508
This was the art form that transfixed
the Western world in the late 19th century.
312
00:27:19,654 --> 00:27:22,760
Japanese prints are
certainly the most practical way
313
00:27:22,761 --> 00:27:26,816
of getting to understand the direction
that painting has taken at present.
314
00:27:28,270 --> 00:27:32,060
Colourful and bright.
315
00:27:33,330 --> 00:27:35,440
Theo and I have hundreds of them.
316
00:27:38,194 --> 00:27:41,600
At first, he simply
started to copy the prints.
317
00:27:42,892 --> 00:27:46,487
Then he began to
experiment with his own work,
318
00:27:46,687 --> 00:27:51,200
cropping objects at the edges
and introducing strong diagonals.
319
00:27:55,310 --> 00:27:58,615
And Japanese prints started
to appear in the background in
320
00:27:58,616 --> 00:28:04,240
several of his portraits,
including this one of Père Tanguy.
321
00:28:07,130 --> 00:28:12,241
However, other Parisian
indulgences were not so beneficial.
322
00:28:13,140 --> 00:28:16,130
Vincent was drinking
large amounts of absinthe.
323
00:28:16,263 --> 00:28:20,766
The bohemian lifestyle was
damaging his already fragile health,
324
00:28:20,966 --> 00:28:25,583
and his relationship with Theo
was becoming seriously strained.
325
00:28:25,850 --> 00:28:27,456
It's as if there were two people in him.
326
00:28:27,506 --> 00:28:32,367
One marvelously
gifted, and sensitive, and gentle,
327
00:28:32,653 --> 00:28:37,590
and the other
self-loving and unfeeling.
328
00:28:39,083 --> 00:28:42,800
There was a time when I
loved Vincent very much
329
00:28:42,801 --> 00:28:45,943
and he was my best
friend, but that's over now.
330
00:28:59,065 --> 00:29:02,001
Vincent had had enough
of the quarrels with Theo
331
00:29:02,270 --> 00:29:05,360
and of the artistic
egos of the avant-garde.
332
00:29:05,643 --> 00:29:09,248
Longing for the peace of
the countryside, he left Paris
333
00:29:09,308 --> 00:29:14,983
in February 1888 and headed
south to Arles in Provence.
334
00:29:17,196 --> 00:29:19,786
I want to begin by telling
you that this part of the world
335
00:29:19,811 --> 00:29:23,567
seems to me as beautiful
as Japan for the clearness
336
00:29:23,592 --> 00:29:27,500
of the atmosphere and the
charm of the colour effect.
337
00:29:27,880 --> 00:29:34,849
The pale orange sunsets,
making the fields almost blue.
338
00:29:36,551 --> 00:29:41,007
Glorious yellow suns.
339
00:29:43,060 --> 00:29:48,818
Soon after his arrival, Vincent moved
into the yellow house on Place Lamartine
340
00:29:49,561 --> 00:29:54,920
and set to work at once, experimenting
with an increasingly vivid palette,
341
00:29:54,921 --> 00:29:59,060
convinced that this
would be his artistic legacy.
342
00:30:03,889 --> 00:30:09,568
If only I had known this country
at 25 instead of coming here at 35.
343
00:30:09,601 --> 00:30:17,480
But then I was enthusiastic about
grey and, or rather, absence of colour.
344
00:30:17,481 --> 00:30:19,510
Oh, but this.
345
00:30:21,123 --> 00:30:27,781
I don't need Japanese prints here because
I'm always saying to myself, "I'm in Japan.
346
00:30:32,736 --> 00:30:37,657
I hope to make real progress
this year, which I really need to do.
347
00:30:42,827 --> 00:30:47,543
However, working alone
for days on end took its toll.
348
00:30:48,410 --> 00:30:53,740
From the letters, it's clear that he
was suffering from bipolar disorder.
349
00:30:55,080 --> 00:30:59,973
So many days pass without
me saying a word to anyone,
350
00:31:00,800 --> 00:31:04,656
except to order
supper or a coffee.
351
00:31:06,776 --> 00:31:08,440
It's been like that from the start.
352
00:31:11,387 --> 00:31:15,780
For my part, it worries me to
spend so much time by myself.
353
00:31:16,996 --> 00:31:18,576
Alone.
354
00:31:28,196 --> 00:31:34,246
"My dear old Gauguin..."
355
00:31:37,117 --> 00:31:41,002
"I have just rented a
four-room house here in Arles."
356
00:31:41,283 --> 00:31:44,418
"It seems to me that
if I could find a painter
357
00:31:44,443 --> 00:31:46,770
who wanted to make
the most out of the South
358
00:31:46,816 --> 00:31:53,643
and was sufficiently absorbed in his work
like me to be inclined to live like a monk,
359
00:31:53,716 --> 00:31:56,700
bound up in his work and
not inclined to waste his time,
360
00:31:56,725 --> 00:31:59,175
then the thing
would be very good."
361
00:31:59,242 --> 00:32:02,111
"And you would give my
brother one painting a month
362
00:32:02,136 --> 00:32:05,303
while you'd be free to do
whatever you like with the rest."
363
00:32:09,186 --> 00:32:11,205
In the hope of living in
a studio with Gauguin,
364
00:32:11,230 --> 00:32:14,291
I'd like to do a
decoration for the studio.
365
00:32:15,235 --> 00:32:19,156
Nothing but large sunflowers.
366
00:32:24,308 --> 00:32:27,120
I also did a canvas of my bedroom
with the white wood furniture
367
00:32:27,121 --> 00:32:31,840
that, you know, it amused me
enormously, doing this bare interior.
368
00:32:31,841 --> 00:32:37,580
My aim was to give it
colours like stained glass.
369
00:32:42,902 --> 00:32:48,100
Gauguin finally arrived on
the 23rd of October, 1888.
370
00:32:48,501 --> 00:32:52,576
Turquoise, a vibrant, alive
turquoise, as if the sea was bubbling...
371
00:32:52,601 --> 00:32:55,010
A few days later, the two artists set off
372
00:32:55,035 --> 00:32:58,480
for the nearby Roman
cemetery at Les Alicons,
373
00:32:58,607 --> 00:33:02,600
intent on depicting the
same subject side by side.
374
00:33:05,772 --> 00:33:09,256
Vincent painted what
he saw and what he felt.
375
00:33:09,370 --> 00:33:13,967
The industrial scene in the
background is framed by the trees.
376
00:33:16,660 --> 00:33:20,540
By contrast, Gauguin had
little time for reality.
377
00:33:20,625 --> 00:33:23,468
He painted as a rule from memory.
378
00:33:23,720 --> 00:33:29,439
And in the time it took Gauguin to complete
this picture, slowly and methodically,
379
00:33:29,481 --> 00:33:33,806
Vincent, at top speed,
had knocked out two more.
380
00:33:34,755 --> 00:33:39,968
Gauguin, in spite of himself,
and in spite of me...
381
00:33:40,575 --> 00:33:46,000
has proved to me a little it
was time to change things a bit.
382
00:33:46,039 --> 00:33:48,959
I am now working from memory.
383
00:33:49,054 --> 00:33:53,349
And all my earlier studies
will still be useful for that work.
384
00:33:56,582 --> 00:34:02,315
And one of these was a subject he
painted again and again - the sower.
385
00:34:02,834 --> 00:34:06,460
Now the influence of
Gauguin can clearly be seen.
386
00:34:08,960 --> 00:34:12,230
Immense lemon-yellow disc for the sun.
387
00:34:12,454 --> 00:34:16,109
Green-yellow sky with pink clouds.
388
00:34:16,280 --> 00:34:18,320
The field is violet.
389
00:34:18,321 --> 00:34:21,223
The sower and the tree Prussian blue.
390
00:34:22,243 --> 00:34:25,920
But Vincent found it difficult
painting purely from memory
391
00:34:25,921 --> 00:34:29,442
and soon returned to
subjects directly in front of him.
392
00:34:31,375 --> 00:34:34,749
The last two studies are
rather funny canvases.
393
00:34:34,961 --> 00:34:39,078
A wooden and straw chair, all
yellow on red tiles against a wall.
394
00:34:39,885 --> 00:34:42,920
Then Gauguin's armchair, red and green.
395
00:34:42,921 --> 00:34:45,021
Night effect.
396
00:34:45,760 --> 00:34:48,400
On the seat, two novels and a candle.
397
00:34:48,401 --> 00:34:50,840
On sailcloth and thick in pastel.
398
00:34:53,985 --> 00:34:58,841
But it wasn't long before tensions
developed between the two artists.
399
00:34:59,130 --> 00:35:01,636
He started to drink heavily again.
400
00:35:01,660 --> 00:35:04,476
His behaviour was becoming odder and odder.
401
00:35:04,500 --> 00:35:08,743
And after just eight weeks,
Gauguin became exasperated.
402
00:35:08,940 --> 00:35:11,940
I feel completely disorientated now.
403
00:35:12,340 --> 00:35:15,780
I find everything so small and mean.
404
00:35:16,605 --> 00:35:18,956
About the landscape and the people.
405
00:35:20,407 --> 00:35:24,446
In general, Vincent and
myself do not see eye to eye,
406
00:35:24,470 --> 00:35:25,960
particularly on painting.
407
00:35:25,961 --> 00:35:30,246
Ah, he likes my pictures very much.
408
00:35:30,270 --> 00:35:34,300
But when I'm painting them,
he criticises me for this and that.
409
00:35:34,930 --> 00:35:40,460
Vincent and I can absolutely not
live side by side without trouble.
410
00:35:43,209 --> 00:35:47,444
A few days later, the two artists
got into a heated argument.
411
00:35:50,723 --> 00:35:53,240
It was so bizarre, I couldn't take it.
412
00:35:53,620 --> 00:35:56,472
He even asked me,
"Are you going to leave?"
413
00:35:57,552 --> 00:36:01,138
I felt I must go out alone
and take the air along
414
00:36:01,163 --> 00:36:05,926
some paths, when I heard
behind me a familiar step.
415
00:36:05,950 --> 00:36:08,672
Short, quick, irregular.
416
00:36:09,165 --> 00:36:11,486
I turned around on that instant.
417
00:36:11,510 --> 00:36:16,450
As Vincent rushed towards
me, an open razor in hand.
418
00:36:20,205 --> 00:36:22,690
Vincent returned to the yellow house,
419
00:36:22,830 --> 00:36:25,416
where, with perhaps the
very same knife that he
420
00:36:25,417 --> 00:36:29,780
threatened Gauguin with,
he mutilated his left ear.
421
00:36:35,923 --> 00:36:40,737
I wouldn't exactly have chosen
madness, had there been a choice.
422
00:36:41,337 --> 00:36:45,500
But once one has something like
that, one can't catch it any more.
423
00:36:50,334 --> 00:36:54,396
From his hospital room,
Vincent painted this self-portrait,
424
00:36:54,649 --> 00:36:58,376
one of the most arresting
works of art in the world.
425
00:37:03,228 --> 00:37:07,436
The advantages I have
here are that they are all sick.
426
00:37:09,810 --> 00:37:12,795
And so, at least,
I don't feel alone.
427
00:37:15,681 --> 00:37:17,846
Quite absorbed in
reading Shakespeare.
428
00:37:17,870 --> 00:37:23,266
Richard II, Henry IV,
Henry V, parts of Henry VI.
429
00:37:23,290 --> 00:37:25,256
Have you ever read King Lear?
430
00:37:25,280 --> 00:37:32,476
But, anyway, I think I shan't urge you
too much to read such dramatic stories.
431
00:37:34,183 --> 00:37:36,620
And after reading them myself, I...
432
00:37:38,560 --> 00:37:46,113
I'm always obliged to go and gaze at
a blade of grass... pine tree branch...
433
00:37:46,980 --> 00:37:49,026
an ear of wheat...
434
00:37:50,445 --> 00:37:52,500
to calm myself.
435
00:37:58,823 --> 00:38:04,031
After five months in hospital, mindful,
perhaps, of his precarious mental state,
436
00:38:04,211 --> 00:38:08,056
he was reluctant to return
home alone to the yellow house.
437
00:38:08,297 --> 00:38:11,705
And with Theo's help, he
voluntarily admitted himself
438
00:38:11,730 --> 00:38:14,767
to the nearby asylum at Saint-Rémy.
439
00:38:15,947 --> 00:38:18,247
"Dear Director, I am writing
to request the admission
440
00:38:18,272 --> 00:38:22,026
into your institution of
Vincent Willem van Gogh.
441
00:38:22,050 --> 00:38:24,668
I hope you will have no objection
to allowing him the freedom
442
00:38:24,693 --> 00:38:29,626
to paint outside your institution
whenever he wishes to do so.
443
00:38:29,650 --> 00:38:32,600
Further, I hope you will
be so kind as to allow him
444
00:38:32,625 --> 00:38:36,971
to have at least half a
litre of wine with his meals."
445
00:38:41,006 --> 00:38:46,286
Vincent arrived here at
Saint-Rémy on the 8th of May, 1889,
446
00:38:46,359 --> 00:38:48,785
where he would
remain for a year.
447
00:38:49,618 --> 00:38:53,011
As far as I know, the doctor
here is inclined to consider
448
00:38:53,036 --> 00:38:56,649
what I've had as an
attack of an epileptic nature.
449
00:38:58,208 --> 00:39:01,807
It's quite odd, perhaps, that
the result of this terrible attack is
450
00:39:01,847 --> 00:39:07,014
that in my mind there's hardly
any really clear desire or hope left.
451
00:39:08,965 --> 00:39:13,020
I'm thinking of squarely accepting
my profession as a madman.
452
00:39:19,938 --> 00:39:22,654
There were days, sometimes
weeks, when Vincent was
453
00:39:22,679 --> 00:39:26,960
unable to work, tormented
by spells of mental illness.
454
00:39:27,106 --> 00:39:30,720
But these alternated with
periods of amazing creativity,
455
00:39:30,745 --> 00:39:34,964
and he sent dozens of
paintings to Theo in Paris.
456
00:39:52,640 --> 00:40:00,640
"Thanks very much for the
consignment of canvases, colours,
457
00:40:00,641 --> 00:40:05,860
brushes, tobacco and chocolate,
which reached me in good order.
458
00:40:07,520 --> 00:40:12,580
I was very glad of it, for I
was pining for work a little."
459
00:40:15,270 --> 00:40:19,546
Also, for a few days now, I've been
going outside to work in the neighbourhood.
460
00:40:19,570 --> 00:40:24,106
What a beautiful land, and what
beautiful blue, and what a sun!
461
00:40:26,321 --> 00:40:28,848
So then my brush goes
between my fingers, as if it were
462
00:40:28,873 --> 00:40:33,580
the bow on a violin, and
absolutely for my pleasure.
463
00:40:37,520 --> 00:40:42,856
Struggling with a canvas begun
a few days before my indisposition.
464
00:40:44,615 --> 00:40:48,296
A reaper, and the studies, all in yellow,
465
00:40:48,321 --> 00:40:53,103
terribly thickly impasted, but
the subject was beautiful, simple.
466
00:40:55,137 --> 00:40:57,774
A vague figure,
struggling like a devil in the
467
00:40:57,814 --> 00:41:00,836
full heat of the day to
reach the end of his toil.
468
00:41:03,953 --> 00:41:07,020
And then saw the image of death in it.
469
00:41:08,170 --> 00:41:12,580
In the sense that humanity would
be like the wheat being reaped.
470
00:41:15,691 --> 00:41:17,236
So, if you like, it's the
opposite of the sower
471
00:41:17,261 --> 00:41:20,751
I tried before, but in
this death, nothing sad.
472
00:41:20,775 --> 00:41:24,861
It takes place in broad
daylight with a sun that...
473
00:41:24,885 --> 00:41:29,180
floods everything
with a light of fine gold.
474
00:41:34,463 --> 00:41:37,000
Your latest paintings have given
me a great deal to think about,
475
00:41:37,001 --> 00:41:40,386
as regards your state of
mind when you made them.
476
00:41:40,410 --> 00:41:47,186
All of them have a power of colour
which you haven't attained before,
477
00:41:47,217 --> 00:41:51,666
which in itself
is a rare quality.
478
00:41:51,860 --> 00:41:54,007
But you've gone further.
479
00:41:56,954 --> 00:41:59,240
But how hard your mind must have worked,
480
00:41:59,241 --> 00:42:08,156
and how you endangered yourself to the
extreme point where vertigo is inevitable.
481
00:42:11,598 --> 00:42:16,633
Included here, a square
canvas, the starry sky.
482
00:42:17,070 --> 00:42:20,350
Actually painted at
night under a gas lamp.
483
00:42:22,569 --> 00:42:26,851
The fields are mauve,
the town is blue and violet.
484
00:42:27,777 --> 00:42:31,820
Two small coloured figures
of lovers in the foreground.
485
00:42:42,122 --> 00:42:46,320
He's an odd fellow, but
what a head he has on him.
486
00:42:46,463 --> 00:42:49,320
Let me quietly continue my work.
487
00:42:49,321 --> 00:42:52,880
If it's that of a madman,
well, then too bad.
488
00:42:52,881 --> 00:42:55,476
And then I can't
do anything about it.
489
00:42:59,410 --> 00:43:02,516
Vincent stayed at
Saint-Rémy for over a year,
490
00:43:02,540 --> 00:43:06,226
but he began to fear being
labelled 'the mad artist'.
491
00:43:06,250 --> 00:43:09,436
So, once again, he asked Theo for help.
492
00:43:10,283 --> 00:43:13,240
I don't feel confident enough to judge
the way that they treat patients here,
493
00:43:13,241 --> 00:43:16,240
and nor do I have any
desire to enter into the details,
494
00:43:16,241 --> 00:43:19,400
but please remember
that around six months ago,
495
00:43:19,401 --> 00:43:23,700
I warned you that if I
was seized by a crisis of
496
00:43:23,813 --> 00:43:27,519
a similar nature, that I would
wish to change asylums.
497
00:43:27,721 --> 00:43:31,520
And I've delayed too long already, having
allowed an attack to go by in the meantime.
498
00:43:31,521 --> 00:43:34,690
I was in the middle of work
and I wanted to finish canvases
499
00:43:34,723 --> 00:43:37,809
in progress, otherwise I
would no longer be here by now.
500
00:43:38,081 --> 00:43:43,120
Right, so, I'm going to
tell you that it seems to me
501
00:43:43,121 --> 00:43:47,120
that a fortnight, though a
week would please me more,
502
00:43:47,121 --> 00:43:51,109
should be enough to take
the necessary steps to move.
503
00:43:52,689 --> 00:43:57,200
During his stay in the home, this
patient, who is calm for most of the time,
504
00:43:57,201 --> 00:44:02,680
has had several attacks, lasting
for between two weeks and a month.
505
00:44:02,681 --> 00:44:07,746
During these attacks, he
is subject to terrifying terrors
506
00:44:07,770 --> 00:44:11,720
and has, on several occasions,
attempted to poison himself,
507
00:44:11,721 --> 00:44:17,141
either by swallowing colours that he
used for painting or by ingesting paraffin,
508
00:44:17,165 --> 00:44:21,060
which he had taken from the
boy when he was filling his lamps.
509
00:44:24,320 --> 00:44:28,240
In the interval between attacks,
the patient is perfectly calm and lucid
510
00:44:28,241 --> 00:44:31,576
and passionately
devotes himself to painting.
511
00:44:32,476 --> 00:44:38,240
He is asking to be discharged today in
order to go and live in the north of France,
512
00:44:38,241 --> 00:44:41,740
hoping that that climate
will suit him better.
513
00:44:46,322 --> 00:44:50,920
In May 1890, he moved
to Auvers, close to Paris,
514
00:44:50,921 --> 00:44:55,799
with a letter of introduction
from Theo to a Dr Paul Gachet.
515
00:44:56,666 --> 00:45:01,460
And he rented an attic room
here at the Auvers-Gravoux.
516
00:45:08,524 --> 00:45:12,880
Being back north, I am very distracted.
517
00:45:12,881 --> 00:45:16,580
I did a portrait of Dr
Gachet the other day.
518
00:45:17,510 --> 00:45:25,840
You have a face, the colour of
overheated and sun-drenched brick
519
00:45:25,841 --> 00:45:30,544
with reddish hair, a white
cap, blue background.
520
00:45:32,171 --> 00:45:35,403
He's very nervous and very bizarre.
521
00:45:37,863 --> 00:45:40,791
My portrait of myself
is almost like this too.
522
00:45:42,040 --> 00:45:47,660
When one blind man leads another,
don't they both fall into the ditch?
523
00:45:48,496 --> 00:45:51,299
Although Vincent
doubted Dr Gachet's ability
524
00:45:51,300 --> 00:45:54,430
to help him, they did
become good friends.
525
00:45:55,883 --> 00:46:01,149
But despite the doctor's
sympathetic ear, Vincent is still alone.
526
00:46:03,789 --> 00:46:10,246
Since my illness, the feelings of
loneliness takes hold of me in the fields
527
00:46:11,700 --> 00:46:15,380
in such a fearsome way
that I hesitate to go out.
528
00:46:19,610 --> 00:46:21,796
With time, though, that will change.
529
00:46:23,689 --> 00:46:30,056
It's only in front of the easel while
painting that I feel a little of life.
530
00:46:34,342 --> 00:46:36,642
I feel...
531
00:46:39,273 --> 00:46:41,136
a failure.
532
00:46:42,898 --> 00:46:44,660
But it is regards me.
533
00:46:47,250 --> 00:46:50,246
I feel that that's the
fate I am accepting...
534
00:46:53,131 --> 00:46:55,336
..and which won't change any more.
535
00:46:59,849 --> 00:47:04,131
I feared, not completely,
but a little nonetheless...
536
00:47:05,010 --> 00:47:09,680
that I was a danger to
you...
537
00:47:11,067 --> 00:47:13,507
living at your expense.
538
00:47:19,110 --> 00:47:22,784
Perhaps I'd like to write
to you about many things.
539
00:47:26,210 --> 00:47:31,829
Professor, desire has passed to such a
degree that I feel the pointlessness of it.
540
00:47:46,660 --> 00:47:50,540
I'm applying myself to my
canvases with all my attention.
541
00:47:51,590 --> 00:47:57,107
There are immense stretches of
wheat fields under turbulent skies.
542
00:47:58,907 --> 00:48:01,856
And I made a point of
trying to express sadness.
543
00:48:02,687 --> 00:48:04,860
Extreme loneliness.
544
00:48:08,506 --> 00:48:10,840
Look after yourself.
545
00:48:10,841 --> 00:48:13,820
And handshakes in thought.
546
00:48:19,393 --> 00:48:22,170
Yours truly...
547
00:48:22,877 --> 00:48:24,771
Vincent.
548
00:48:35,178 --> 00:48:38,903
Four days after writing
his final letter to Theo,
549
00:48:39,136 --> 00:48:43,526
he went into the wheat fields
and shot himself in the chest.
550
00:48:45,310 --> 00:48:50,176
He managed to crawl back here and
climb these stairs to his attic room...
551
00:48:54,206 --> 00:49:01,142
where he died two days later, at
the age of 37, with Theo at his side.
552
00:49:07,907 --> 00:49:10,784
Vincent said, "This is
the way I would like to go."
553
00:49:13,025 --> 00:49:15,980
And half an hour
later, he had his way.
554
00:49:23,235 --> 00:49:26,407
Life weighed so heavily upon him.
555
00:49:28,772 --> 00:49:33,500
But, as always happens, everyone
is now full of praise for his talent.
556
00:49:47,486 --> 00:49:50,872
Perhaps the only person
who really understood Vincent,
557
00:49:50,897 --> 00:49:53,914
in his lifetime,
was his brother, Theo,
558
00:49:54,224 --> 00:49:59,943
who died just six months
later of syphilis at the age of 33.
559
00:50:05,735 --> 00:50:09,971
They're now buried here,
side by side in Auvers.
560
00:50:11,153 --> 00:50:14,475
The ivy, which seems to
overwhelm their graves,
561
00:50:14,529 --> 00:50:18,179
also serves to bind them together.
562
00:51:00,006 --> 00:51:00,066
49422
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