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[man] Are you guys
going to stop ever,
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or are you gonna
keep dancing forever?
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I'm gonna keep
dancing forever, I mean.
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00:00:42,520 --> 00:00:45,000
Well, at least 'til I remember
where I put my car.
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00:00:45,040 --> 00:00:48,560
electronic music
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[narrator]
This is the story of women
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who hear music in their heads,
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00:00:54,720 --> 00:00:59,360
of radical sounds
where there was once silence...
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...of dreams enabled
by technology.
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Technology is
a tremendous liberator.
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It blows up power structures.
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Women are naturally drawn
to electronic music.
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You didn't have
to be accepted
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00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:27,520
by any of the
male-dominated resources--
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00:01:27,560 --> 00:01:29,160
the radio stations,
the record companies,
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00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:31,040
the concert hall venues,
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the funding organizations.
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00:01:35,440 --> 00:01:37,720
You could make something
with electronics,
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and you can present music
directly to your audience,
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and that gives you
tremendous freedom.
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But somehow women get
forgotten from that history.
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The history of women
has been a story of silence,
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of breaking through
the silence...
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00:01:58,680 --> 00:02:02,600
We shall not be
robbed any longer.
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00:02:02,640 --> 00:02:04,160
...with beautiful noise.
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00:02:04,160 --> 00:02:07,960
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00:02:19,200 --> 00:02:21,760
This is April 30, 1974,
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and we're all here
at the Bonino Gallery.
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[woman] What's your name?
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Suzanne Ciani, C-I-A-N-I.
[laughs]
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00:02:29,480 --> 00:02:32,480
And I'm going to give...
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00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:37,480
I'm going to play a concert
on the Buchla synthesizer.
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00:02:37,480 --> 00:02:40,400
These instruments are
designed by a manufacturer
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00:02:40,400 --> 00:02:43,080
in Berkeley, California.
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00:02:43,080 --> 00:02:46,080
They're probably
the most sophisticated system
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00:02:46,080 --> 00:02:48,480
that's available.
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00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:50,040
And I think they're sensual.
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00:02:50,080 --> 00:02:52,080
- May I have a cigarette?
- They're what?
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00:02:52,080 --> 00:02:55,280
Sensual. Thank you.
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00:03:01,040 --> 00:03:05,000
With this new technology,
you could do it all yourself.
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00:03:05,040 --> 00:03:07,960
So you were the composer.
you were the performer,
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00:03:07,960 --> 00:03:12,600
you were the sole arbiter
of your creation.
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00:03:12,600 --> 00:03:17,640
electronic classical music
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00:03:23,280 --> 00:03:27,400
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00:03:35,080 --> 00:03:40,120
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And the machine was alive.
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It was warm.
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It communicated.
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It was sensitive.
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00:03:53,600 --> 00:03:55,120
You know, you could
move something
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00:03:55,160 --> 00:03:58,080
just the littlest bit
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00:03:58,120 --> 00:04:01,680
and then a whole new
expression would open up.
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00:04:01,680 --> 00:04:06,440
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00:04:12,960 --> 00:04:18,000
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00:04:24,760 --> 00:04:28,040
One of the most amazing
experiences you can have
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is to be in the middle of
this sound that's moving.
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00:04:30,760 --> 00:04:33,280
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00:04:36,080 --> 00:04:39,120
The thing that I've always
loved about electronic music
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00:04:39,120 --> 00:04:41,120
is that it's in motion.
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00:04:41,120 --> 00:04:44,880
It's malleable.
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00:04:44,880 --> 00:04:48,520
It's a much more open set
of dynamics.
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00:04:48,520 --> 00:04:52,560
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00:04:59,960 --> 00:05:03,040
In electronics, you're not
dealing so literally with
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00:05:03,080 --> 00:05:05,840
the architecture of
nodes or harmonies,
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00:05:05,880 --> 00:05:07,840
those building blocks
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00:05:07,840 --> 00:05:09,480
in classical music.
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00:05:11,080 --> 00:05:13,720
You're dealing in energy.
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00:05:13,720 --> 00:05:18,680
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00:05:23,200 --> 00:05:25,800
At the dawn
of the 20th century,
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the world was
no longer silent.
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00:05:28,160 --> 00:05:30,960
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00:05:30,960 --> 00:05:34,200
The spirit of modern life
was a banshee
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00:05:34,200 --> 00:05:36,560
screeching into the future.
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00:05:36,560 --> 00:05:39,760
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00:05:39,760 --> 00:05:42,520
Futurists wanted to make art
out of the new energy,
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00:05:42,560 --> 00:05:47,120
speed, and noise.
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00:05:47,120 --> 00:05:50,200
How would we begin
to do such a thing,
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00:05:50,200 --> 00:05:55,040
to capture the sound of
this electrified world?
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00:05:55,040 --> 00:05:59,160
electronic classical music
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00:06:03,240 --> 00:06:06,160
I do very much what
a diver would do.
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00:06:06,160 --> 00:06:10,080
I just have to take a chance,
and here I am.
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00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:13,040
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00:06:13,040 --> 00:06:17,160
See? A hair breadth off and I'm
already on a different note.
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00:06:17,160 --> 00:06:20,800
Dr. Ray,
now we'll have fun.
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00:06:20,840 --> 00:06:22,200
- [chuckles]
- Now we'll have fun.
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00:06:22,200 --> 00:06:24,480
Now, here,
hold your hand over this.
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00:06:24,480 --> 00:06:28,400
[high-pitched whining]
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00:06:30,640 --> 00:06:32,400
[whining continues]
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00:06:32,400 --> 00:06:34,440
It is a fallacy to think
that the instrument
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00:06:34,480 --> 00:06:36,160
is easy to play.
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00:06:36,200 --> 00:06:39,240
You know, it is much more
difficult than the violin.
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00:06:39,240 --> 00:06:42,600
I was a concert violinist
before I played this.
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00:06:42,600 --> 00:06:46,640
classical music
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00:06:55,120 --> 00:07:00,080
As young girls, both my sister
and I gave joint concerts
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00:07:00,120 --> 00:07:04,080
playing the violin
and the piano all over Russia,
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00:07:04,120 --> 00:07:06,240
then all over Europe.
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00:07:06,240 --> 00:07:08,200
We played our way to America.
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00:07:08,200 --> 00:07:10,760
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00:07:16,960 --> 00:07:20,040
I met Professor Theremin
when he came to America
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00:07:20,080 --> 00:07:21,840
to demonstrate the instrument.
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00:07:21,840 --> 00:07:23,640
I was fascinated by
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00:07:23,680 --> 00:07:26,400
the aesthetic part
of the instrument,
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00:07:26,440 --> 00:07:29,440
the beauty, and the idea of
playing completely
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00:07:29,440 --> 00:07:32,120
without touching anything.
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00:07:32,160 --> 00:07:34,560
I also loved the sound of it.
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00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:39,080
Professor Theremin became
a great friend and admirer,
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and we really worked on
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00:07:41,160 --> 00:07:43,000
this particular
instrument together.
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00:07:43,040 --> 00:07:46,440
I, making my musical wishes
known to him,
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00:07:46,440 --> 00:07:49,880
and he,
being the genius that he was,
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made it work.
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00:07:52,600 --> 00:07:56,600
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00:07:58,120 --> 00:08:00,840
And we played
the Nardini Concerto.
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00:08:00,840 --> 00:08:02,920
We played the whole
César Franck Sonata,
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00:08:02,920 --> 00:08:05,760
which was at that time
a rather great surprise
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00:08:05,760 --> 00:08:07,640
because the Theremin
was associated
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00:08:07,640 --> 00:08:09,720
with just little melodies.
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00:08:09,720 --> 00:08:14,760
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00:08:16,040 --> 00:08:19,560
Suddenly you get someone
who's a total virtuoso
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00:08:19,560 --> 00:08:21,840
and able to make it sound
in a way
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00:08:21,840 --> 00:08:24,200
that it had never
sounded before.
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00:08:24,200 --> 00:08:28,240
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00:08:47,560 --> 00:08:52,120
"You cannot play air
with hammers," Clara would say.
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You have to play
with butterfly wings.
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00:08:54,240 --> 00:08:59,240
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00:09:27,400 --> 00:09:31,040
[Clara]
I was a freak at the time.
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00:09:31,040 --> 00:09:34,200
The public had to be won over
into thinking of it
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00:09:34,200 --> 00:09:38,680
as a real artistic medium
played by an artist,
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00:09:38,680 --> 00:09:41,360
and I won them over.
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00:09:49,680 --> 00:09:51,560
A young composer
said to me,
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00:09:51,600 --> 00:09:55,680
"It's listening to this
singing of a soul."
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00:09:55,680 --> 00:09:58,000
Now isn't that
a lovely thought,
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00:09:58,040 --> 00:10:00,840
singing of a soul?
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00:10:00,880 --> 00:10:06,000
[electronic buzzing and beeping]
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00:10:11,760 --> 00:10:15,160
The first stage in the
realization of a piece of music
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00:10:15,160 --> 00:10:17,160
is to construct
the individual sounds
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00:10:17,160 --> 00:10:19,640
that we're going to use.
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00:10:19,640 --> 00:10:21,640
To do this, we can, if we like,
go to these
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00:10:21,640 --> 00:10:24,080
sound generators here,
electronic generators,
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00:10:24,120 --> 00:10:27,400
and we listen to three of
the basic electronic sounds.
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00:10:27,400 --> 00:10:29,240
First, is the simplest
sound of all,
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00:10:29,240 --> 00:10:30,720
which is a sine wave.
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00:10:30,720 --> 00:10:32,120
[high-pitched buzzing]
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00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:33,840
You can see on
the oscilloscope,
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00:10:33,840 --> 00:10:38,240
it has a very simple form
and has a very pure sound.
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00:10:38,280 --> 00:10:40,080
Now listen to the same note
but with a different quality.
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00:10:40,080 --> 00:10:42,440
This is a square wave.
154
00:10:43,800 --> 00:10:45,280
It's very square
on the picture
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00:10:45,280 --> 00:10:47,040
and perhaps rather harsh
to listen to.
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00:10:47,080 --> 00:10:48,760
This is because it has a lot
of high harmonics,
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00:10:48,800 --> 00:10:53,160
and that's what gives
the corners on the picture.
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00:10:53,200 --> 00:10:57,520
Now a more complex sound
still is white noise.
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00:10:57,560 --> 00:11:00,160
[static]
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00:11:00,200 --> 00:11:02,840
We don't always go to
electronic sound generators
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00:11:02,840 --> 00:11:04,840
for our basic sources
of sound.
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00:11:04,840 --> 00:11:08,640
If the sound we want exists
already in real life, say,
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00:11:08,640 --> 00:11:10,040
we can go and record it.
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00:11:11,880 --> 00:11:14,600
[ding]
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00:11:14,600 --> 00:11:17,200
But those basic sounds
aren't really interesting
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00:11:17,200 --> 00:11:19,120
in their raw state like this.
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00:11:19,120 --> 00:11:21,200
To make them of value
for a musical piece,
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00:11:21,200 --> 00:11:23,800
we have to shape them
and mold them.
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00:11:23,840 --> 00:11:26,600
We can get the lower sounds
we need from the rhythm
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00:11:26,640 --> 00:11:28,840
by slowing down the tape.
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00:11:28,880 --> 00:11:31,160
[low clank]
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00:11:31,200 --> 00:11:33,000
And the higher sounds
by speeding up the tape.
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00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:34,800
[high-pitched clank]
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00:11:34,800 --> 00:11:36,200
And then all we have
to do is cut the notes
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00:11:36,240 --> 00:11:37,560
to the right length.
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00:11:39,440 --> 00:11:42,440
We can join them together on
a loop and listen to them.
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00:11:42,440 --> 00:11:46,000
[pulsating rhythm sounding]
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00:11:46,040 --> 00:11:50,120
And then with the higher notes
of the rhythm, again,
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00:11:50,120 --> 00:11:52,200
we join them
together in a loop
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00:11:52,200 --> 00:11:53,840
and play it
in synchronization
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00:11:53,880 --> 00:11:55,520
with the first tape.
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00:11:55,520 --> 00:11:57,360
[rhythm continues beating]
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00:11:57,360 --> 00:12:00,200
[high-pitched beating]
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00:12:00,200 --> 00:12:03,200
And over this we can play...
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00:12:03,200 --> 00:12:08,200
[high-pitched rattling]
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00:12:08,200 --> 00:12:12,680
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00:12:12,680 --> 00:12:16,680
ethereal music
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00:12:16,680 --> 00:12:20,000
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00:12:20,000 --> 00:12:22,400
[distorted notes playing]
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00:12:22,400 --> 00:12:24,680
Using all of these,
we can build up any sound
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00:12:24,680 --> 00:12:26,720
we can possibly imagine.
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00:12:26,720 --> 00:12:28,440
We spend quite a lot of time
trying to invent new sound,
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00:12:28,440 --> 00:12:30,320
sounds that don't
exist already,
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00:12:30,320 --> 00:12:33,840
sounds that can't be produced
by musical instruments.
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00:12:33,840 --> 00:12:38,160
[ethereal sounds]
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00:12:38,200 --> 00:12:41,160
The radio, the radio,
the radio was
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00:12:41,200 --> 00:12:44,240
the most important thing
in my life.
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00:12:44,240 --> 00:12:45,880
You know,
there weren't books.
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00:12:45,880 --> 00:12:49,680
The radio was my education.
200
00:12:49,680 --> 00:12:52,800
201
00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:56,120
I was accepted by the Oxford
and the Cambridge
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00:12:56,160 --> 00:13:00,440
to read mathematics,
which is quite something
203
00:13:00,480 --> 00:13:04,160
for a working-class girl
in the '50s,
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00:13:04,160 --> 00:13:08,200
where only one in 10
were female.
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00:13:10,200 --> 00:13:13,400
Delia was
a brilliant mathematician.
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00:13:13,400 --> 00:13:17,040
She was fascinated by the
inner composition of a sound.
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00:13:17,040 --> 00:13:18,760
Then she could reach
into it and decide
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00:13:18,760 --> 00:13:23,240
what part of that sound
she wanted to use.
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00:13:23,240 --> 00:13:28,040
210
00:13:32,200 --> 00:13:36,400
I was in Coventry
during the Blitz.
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00:13:36,400 --> 00:13:40,080
That was such
an influence on me.
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00:13:43,680 --> 00:13:45,200
It's come to me
213
00:13:45,200 --> 00:13:49,240
that my love
for abstract sounds were
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00:13:49,240 --> 00:13:53,400
sounds of the air raid siren.
- [siren wailing]
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00:13:53,400 --> 00:13:56,440
Because that's the sound
you hear and you don't know
216
00:13:56,440 --> 00:14:00,080
the source of it
as a young child.
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00:14:00,120 --> 00:14:03,760
It's an abstract sound,
and it's meaningful,
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00:14:03,800 --> 00:14:07,520
and then the all clear.
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00:14:07,560 --> 00:14:11,640
[siren continues wailing]
220
00:14:28,880 --> 00:14:31,440
[explosions in distance]
221
00:14:37,880 --> 00:14:40,480
[narrator] World War II
emptied cities of men.
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00:14:42,840 --> 00:14:45,320
And in the absence of men,
women worked.
223
00:14:47,640 --> 00:14:50,360
Freedom was more
than a feeling.
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00:14:54,800 --> 00:14:57,440
[man] There isn't much glamour
about this independence.
225
00:14:57,440 --> 00:14:59,440
Women at work are
getting to look and behave
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00:14:59,440 --> 00:15:01,120
more like men.
227
00:15:01,120 --> 00:15:04,040
It's not very attractive.
228
00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:10,080
disorienting electronic music
229
00:15:11,640 --> 00:15:14,160
Welcome to Tower Folly,
this lonely host house
230
00:15:14,160 --> 00:15:17,160
on the North Downs of Kent.
231
00:15:17,160 --> 00:15:18,920
Well, as far as I know,
this house isn't haunted,
232
00:15:18,960 --> 00:15:22,160
and there isn't
a mad scientist in sight.
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00:15:22,160 --> 00:15:24,760
This is in fact a music factory
where they can literally
234
00:15:24,800 --> 00:15:28,000
make music out of
electronic sounds,
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00:15:28,040 --> 00:15:31,120
and the woman who makes it
has just been awarded a grant
236
00:15:31,160 --> 00:15:34,440
by the Gulbenkian Foundation
to help her research.
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00:15:34,440 --> 00:15:37,400
She's here at
her control box.
238
00:15:37,400 --> 00:15:39,560
Miss Daphne Oram.
239
00:15:39,560 --> 00:15:42,200
How did you get involved
in this kind of work?
240
00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:44,480
It dates back really
to 1944, I think,
241
00:15:44,480 --> 00:15:46,080
when I read a book
242
00:15:46,120 --> 00:15:48,480
which prophesied that
composers in the future
243
00:15:48,520 --> 00:15:51,400
would compose directly
into sound instead of
244
00:15:51,400 --> 00:15:53,280
using orchestral
instruments, you see.
245
00:15:53,280 --> 00:15:57,160
And well, since then, I've been
working in BBC Studios,
246
00:15:57,160 --> 00:15:58,560
and so I've got
some little grasp
247
00:15:58,600 --> 00:16:01,040
of this sort of equipment.
248
00:16:01,040 --> 00:16:03,800
orchestral music
249
00:16:03,800 --> 00:16:05,560
I was trained as a musician,
250
00:16:05,560 --> 00:16:08,920
and the two sort of
click together, you see.
251
00:16:08,920 --> 00:16:10,680
252
00:16:10,680 --> 00:16:12,680
Daphne was
a very gifted pianist,
253
00:16:12,680 --> 00:16:15,080
and she had secured
a place for herself
254
00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:18,840
at the Royal Academy of Music,
which she turned down
255
00:16:18,880 --> 00:16:21,120
because she was also very
interested in technology
256
00:16:21,120 --> 00:16:24,200
and wanted
to work at the BBC.
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00:16:24,200 --> 00:16:28,120
ethereal music
258
00:16:28,160 --> 00:16:30,360
[Daphne] I was asked to do some
incidental music
259
00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:32,440
for a television play,
260
00:16:32,440 --> 00:16:36,200
and I did this by
getting together,
261
00:16:36,200 --> 00:16:38,040
in the middle of the night,
262
00:16:38,040 --> 00:16:41,120
all the tape recorders that
I could find in studios,
263
00:16:41,160 --> 00:16:43,240
collecting them together
in one studio,
264
00:16:43,240 --> 00:16:47,480
and working until they had to
be put back the next morning,
265
00:16:47,480 --> 00:16:49,120
sleeping a little bit
and then coming back in
266
00:16:49,160 --> 00:16:52,200
to do my normal chamber music
work.
267
00:16:52,240 --> 00:16:57,160
cheerful orchestral music
268
00:16:57,160 --> 00:16:59,360
So then it grew from that.
269
00:16:59,360 --> 00:17:03,000
I was asked to help start
the radiophonic workshop.
270
00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:05,160
[man] Listen.
271
00:17:05,160 --> 00:17:06,760
disorienting music
272
00:17:06,800 --> 00:17:08,800
Without Daphne,
it would never have started
273
00:17:08,800 --> 00:17:13,720
because BBC did not want
an electronic music studio.
274
00:17:13,720 --> 00:17:16,800
We were just using anything
we could grab hold of.
275
00:17:16,800 --> 00:17:19,080
We had basic
laboratory equipment
276
00:17:19,080 --> 00:17:22,360
and a pair of tape machines
that had been liberated
277
00:17:22,360 --> 00:17:24,680
at the end of the war.
278
00:17:24,680 --> 00:17:27,080
279
00:17:27,080 --> 00:17:30,640
Playwrights were writing in
a surreal kind of style,
280
00:17:30,680 --> 00:17:33,160
which was
a legacy of the war.
281
00:17:33,160 --> 00:17:36,640
The style required
a different kind of sound.
282
00:17:36,680 --> 00:17:39,760
[man's voice echoing]
Bird or angel?
283
00:17:39,760 --> 00:17:41,760
[man] This program
is an experiment.
284
00:17:41,760 --> 00:17:43,360
We think it's
worth broadcasting
285
00:17:43,400 --> 00:17:45,240
as a perfectly serious
first attempt
286
00:17:45,240 --> 00:17:48,040
to find out whether
we can convey a new kind
287
00:17:48,040 --> 00:17:51,040
of emotional
and intellectual experience
288
00:17:51,080 --> 00:17:55,160
by means of what we call
radiophonic effects.
289
00:17:55,200 --> 00:17:57,080
surreal music
290
00:17:57,120 --> 00:17:59,560
[man] Round and round
291
00:17:59,600 --> 00:18:03,160
like a wind from the ground.
292
00:18:03,160 --> 00:18:05,560
Beats and beats,
293
00:18:05,560 --> 00:18:09,160
it whirls and beats.
294
00:18:09,160 --> 00:18:12,240
[man] It's a sort
of modern magic.
295
00:18:13,720 --> 00:18:16,440
Some musicians believe that
it can become an art form
296
00:18:16,440 --> 00:18:18,000
complete in itself.
297
00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:20,040
Others are skeptical.
298
00:18:20,040 --> 00:18:21,160
In fact, we've decided
not to use
299
00:18:21,160 --> 00:18:23,320
the word "music" at all.
300
00:18:23,360 --> 00:18:24,720
[man] This is bad.
301
00:18:24,720 --> 00:18:27,440
302
00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:32,160
[narrator] What began
as a research trip
303
00:18:32,160 --> 00:18:36,000
to the Brussels World Fair
became a fateful pilgrimage.
304
00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:38,480
305
00:18:38,480 --> 00:18:42,040
There, Daphne hears
an electronic composition
306
00:18:42,040 --> 00:18:43,720
fed through 350 speakers
307
00:18:43,760 --> 00:18:46,200
with synchronized
projections.
308
00:18:46,200 --> 00:18:50,240
dark, disorienting music
309
00:18:50,240 --> 00:18:52,040
310
00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:55,680
Electronic music was more
than just incidental.
311
00:18:55,720 --> 00:19:00,560
It was the sound
of the future.
312
00:19:00,560 --> 00:19:04,160
313
00:19:04,160 --> 00:19:06,640
The radiophonic workshop
was concentrating
314
00:19:06,640 --> 00:19:09,320
somewhat on the drama side,
315
00:19:09,320 --> 00:19:12,000
and I wanted to concentrate
on the music side.
316
00:19:12,000 --> 00:19:13,840
So I set up my own studio.
317
00:19:13,840 --> 00:19:17,800
318
00:19:17,800 --> 00:19:19,600
She was a woman,
in the 1950s,
319
00:19:19,600 --> 00:19:21,160
set up her own
320
00:19:21,160 --> 00:19:23,840
independent
electronic music studio.
321
00:19:23,840 --> 00:19:25,600
It's extraordinarily brave.
322
00:19:25,600 --> 00:19:28,720
323
00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:31,040
[man] Now Miss Oram, how do you
go about manufacturing
324
00:19:31,080 --> 00:19:32,320
this sort of sound?
325
00:19:32,320 --> 00:19:33,880
Well, let me introduce
326
00:19:33,880 --> 00:19:36,040
this little electronic
generator here,
327
00:19:36,040 --> 00:19:38,000
which produces
a sound like this.
328
00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:40,240
[fluctuating tone sounding]
329
00:19:40,240 --> 00:19:42,640
Now I made a little
loop of tape here
330
00:19:42,640 --> 00:19:45,440
with varying pure tones
on it.
331
00:19:45,480 --> 00:19:47,160
[high-pitched tones]
332
00:19:47,160 --> 00:19:50,600
Now if I then put a little
artificial reverberation
333
00:19:50,600 --> 00:19:52,200
on that, I think you'll see
334
00:19:52,240 --> 00:19:54,040
we're just beginning
to get somewhere
335
00:19:54,040 --> 00:19:55,280
with the music.
336
00:19:55,280 --> 00:19:59,400
[electronic tones shimmering]
337
00:20:16,040 --> 00:20:21,120
338
00:20:49,520 --> 00:20:51,240
[man] So now what are
you going with this
339
00:20:51,240 --> 00:20:53,960
three-and-a-half thousand
pounds that you've got?
340
00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:55,760
Well, this is
very exciting to me
341
00:20:55,800 --> 00:20:59,080
because I have ideas for a
piece of electronic equipment,
342
00:20:59,080 --> 00:21:02,360
not quite like this.
In this case, the composer,
343
00:21:02,400 --> 00:21:05,680
we're going to be able to
feed in drawn symbols
344
00:21:05,680 --> 00:21:09,800
straight into the equipment,
and out will come the sounds.
345
00:21:09,800 --> 00:21:13,240
[sound reverberating]
346
00:21:13,240 --> 00:21:16,040
I have a new
technique completely,
347
00:21:16,080 --> 00:21:19,680
one that I've evolved
over the years,
348
00:21:19,720 --> 00:21:22,400
which I call oramics.
349
00:21:22,400 --> 00:21:26,960
And that is using graphic
representation of sound.
350
00:21:26,960 --> 00:21:29,400
351
00:21:29,400 --> 00:21:32,240
There seems to be
no real notation system
352
00:21:32,240 --> 00:21:34,360
in electronic music.
353
00:21:34,400 --> 00:21:37,680
I wanted a system where I
could graphically represent
354
00:21:37,680 --> 00:21:41,560
what I wanted and give
that representation,
355
00:21:41,600 --> 00:21:43,960
that musical score,
in fact, to a machine
356
00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:47,400
and have from it the sound.
357
00:21:47,400 --> 00:21:52,480
358
00:21:57,600 --> 00:21:59,120
This idea of drawn sound
359
00:21:59,160 --> 00:22:02,040
is a sound that
comes from nowhere.
360
00:22:02,080 --> 00:22:06,080
It's a sound that is
synthesized from nothing,
361
00:22:06,080 --> 00:22:08,040
but she's not the ghost
in the machine.
362
00:22:08,040 --> 00:22:10,440
Her hands are all over it.
363
00:22:10,440 --> 00:22:14,520
364
00:22:25,880 --> 00:22:28,880
The composer wants to
project something of himself.
365
00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:33,160
The great works of art are
a projection of a human mind.
366
00:22:33,160 --> 00:22:37,200
And unless this machine can
accept and produce exactly
367
00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:40,360
this projection
of the composer's thought,
368
00:22:40,400 --> 00:22:43,440
then I think it's just
a machine and I can quite see
369
00:22:43,480 --> 00:22:47,640
why people can get
frightened at the thought.
370
00:24:18,240 --> 00:24:22,160
Pierre Schaeffer said,
"In between noise and music,
371
00:24:22,200 --> 00:24:24,800
"there is the hand
of the musician."
372
00:24:24,800 --> 00:24:29,440
[speaking French]
373
00:24:29,440 --> 00:24:30,480
Stop.
374
00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:21,760
[narrator] Eliane dreamt of
an unreal, impalpable music
375
00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:24,840
appearing and fading away
like clouds
376
00:25:24,840 --> 00:25:27,040
in the blue summer sky.
377
00:25:27,040 --> 00:25:32,120
378
00:27:54,480 --> 00:27:58,040
[man] Greenwich Village is
mostly a state of mind.
379
00:27:58,040 --> 00:27:59,600
380
00:27:59,600 --> 00:28:03,000
The Village
in the '50s had to be
381
00:28:03,040 --> 00:28:06,640
the most exciting, wonderful
place in the world.
382
00:28:06,640 --> 00:28:10,360
It was unbelievable,
like Paris in the 20s.
383
00:28:10,360 --> 00:28:14,160
384
00:28:14,160 --> 00:28:19,160
We were married in '48,
and Louis' cousin brought us
385
00:28:19,160 --> 00:28:23,440
a tape recorder for
a wedding present.
386
00:28:23,480 --> 00:28:25,880
I think we were
the only ones in the country
387
00:28:25,880 --> 00:28:28,040
with that machine.
388
00:28:28,040 --> 00:28:31,560
We had all the artists
in The Village coming to us
389
00:28:31,560 --> 00:28:34,120
for recording work.
390
00:28:34,120 --> 00:28:36,320
surreal music
391
00:28:36,360 --> 00:28:40,600
I remember my first birth
in water.
392
00:28:40,600 --> 00:28:43,200
I sway and float,
393
00:28:43,200 --> 00:28:46,480
stand on boneless toes,
394
00:28:46,480 --> 00:28:49,800
listening for
distant sounds,
395
00:28:49,840 --> 00:28:54,760
sounds beyond the reach
of human ears.
396
00:28:54,760 --> 00:28:57,120
397
00:28:57,160 --> 00:29:00,120
We started
a recording studio.
398
00:29:00,120 --> 00:29:03,400
We built almost all
the equipment ourselves
399
00:29:03,400 --> 00:29:06,160
because there
wasn't any to buy.
400
00:29:06,200 --> 00:29:09,000
[man] The great American boy
is hard at work
401
00:29:09,040 --> 00:29:13,320
inventing, creating,
building something.
402
00:29:13,320 --> 00:29:16,560
And the desire to build
and create new things
403
00:29:16,560 --> 00:29:18,240
is the energy that develops
404
00:29:18,240 --> 00:29:20,560
industrious, dependable
405
00:29:20,560 --> 00:29:23,640
citizens of tomorrow.
406
00:29:23,640 --> 00:29:25,640
It was exciting
because you were
407
00:29:25,640 --> 00:29:27,360
building these things
and you're experimenting
408
00:29:27,360 --> 00:29:29,000
with the electronic media.
409
00:29:29,040 --> 00:29:31,120
[electronic sounds]
410
00:29:31,160 --> 00:29:35,760
[narrator] Louis made sounds
by overloading circuit boards,
411
00:29:35,800 --> 00:29:40,040
which Bebe then processed and
manipulated to create music.
412
00:29:40,040 --> 00:29:41,440
413
00:29:41,440 --> 00:29:43,400
To the writer, Anais Nin,
414
00:29:43,400 --> 00:29:45,000
it sounded like a molecule
415
00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:48,800
had stubbed its toe.
416
00:29:48,800 --> 00:29:53,400
And we started
working on avant-garde films.
417
00:29:53,400 --> 00:29:55,040
That's what this
was all about,
418
00:29:55,040 --> 00:29:57,240
was the avant-garde.
419
00:30:08,480 --> 00:30:12,400
The sense of wonder and awe,
420
00:30:12,400 --> 00:30:14,280
the beauty coming
from the circuits.
421
00:30:14,280 --> 00:30:18,440
I mean, we would just sit back
and let them take over.
422
00:30:18,440 --> 00:30:22,520
423
00:30:29,520 --> 00:30:33,240
These circuits
are not instruments.
424
00:30:33,240 --> 00:30:35,600
They are performers.
425
00:30:35,600 --> 00:30:37,280
[Bebe] We would record
426
00:30:37,280 --> 00:30:41,240
everything that
came out of the circuits.
427
00:30:41,240 --> 00:30:44,080
I spent hours
and hours and hours
428
00:30:44,120 --> 00:30:46,880
listening to all that stuff.
- [Louis] Oh, yeah.
429
00:30:46,920 --> 00:30:48,240
Well, later you
went through...
430
00:30:48,280 --> 00:30:49,120
- [laughs] Days.
- Miles of tape.
431
00:30:49,120 --> 00:30:51,160
[Bebe] Yeah.
432
00:30:51,160 --> 00:30:54,240
[Louis] Incredible, and she
could hold it in her memory.
433
00:30:54,280 --> 00:30:55,840
- But also--
- She could remember where to
434
00:30:55,840 --> 00:30:58,440
go for a certain feeling
in the sound.
435
00:30:58,440 --> 00:31:01,800
436
00:31:01,840 --> 00:31:05,240
Bebe had a formal
musical education.
437
00:31:05,240 --> 00:31:08,360
She made most of
the compositional decisions
438
00:31:08,360 --> 00:31:12,680
while Louis dealt more with
the technical side of things.
439
00:31:12,680 --> 00:31:15,040
440
00:31:15,040 --> 00:31:17,080
The Barrons'
greatest achievement
441
00:31:17,080 --> 00:31:20,800
was with the music
for Forbidden Planet.
442
00:31:20,800 --> 00:31:25,680
It was the first movie
with an all-electronic score.
443
00:31:25,680 --> 00:31:28,160
444
00:31:28,200 --> 00:31:31,960
The pride and joy of
that period was in coming up
445
00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:34,280
with the music
for the monster.
446
00:31:34,280 --> 00:31:35,760
447
00:31:35,800 --> 00:31:40,600
We were just
beside ourselves.
448
00:31:40,640 --> 00:31:45,080
Suddenly, this circuit
started generating
449
00:31:45,120 --> 00:31:47,680
the most complex sounds.
450
00:31:47,680 --> 00:31:49,480
451
00:31:49,480 --> 00:31:53,120
The dying of Morbius
452
00:31:53,120 --> 00:31:56,440
was the actual dying
of the circuits.
453
00:31:56,480 --> 00:32:00,560
[high-pitching whirring sounds]
454
00:32:27,680 --> 00:32:29,480
We would
have a credit that said,
455
00:32:29,520 --> 00:32:33,160
"Electronic music by
Louis and Bebe Barron."
456
00:32:33,160 --> 00:32:35,880
But a memo was circulated
among the executives.
457
00:32:35,880 --> 00:32:38,200
How would the American
Federation of Musicians
458
00:32:38,200 --> 00:32:42,520
respond to a credit that
says electronic music?
459
00:32:44,240 --> 00:32:46,040
The Musicians' Union would not
460
00:32:46,080 --> 00:32:50,400
allow the soundtrack
to be considered music.
461
00:32:50,400 --> 00:32:53,240
462
00:32:53,240 --> 00:32:56,200
They were afraid that someday
their jobs would be replaced
463
00:32:56,200 --> 00:33:00,080
by machines, and so they
would have none of it.
464
00:33:00,080 --> 00:33:04,560
That's why it's credited
as "electronic tonalities."
465
00:33:04,560 --> 00:33:09,080
466
00:33:09,080 --> 00:33:12,160
[Bebe] It was so awful.
467
00:33:12,160 --> 00:33:17,040
We were barely
acknowledged as composers.
468
00:33:20,040 --> 00:33:25,120
469
00:33:44,880 --> 00:33:46,800
Prior to Dr. Who,
470
00:33:46,800 --> 00:33:50,400
there's a lot of distaste
of electronic music.
471
00:33:52,000 --> 00:33:54,240
Delia's music is
absolutely crucial
472
00:33:54,240 --> 00:33:57,680
in changing
that perception.
473
00:33:57,680 --> 00:34:00,520
[Delia] It's like
a lighthouse, isn't it?
474
00:34:00,560 --> 00:34:03,040
I wonder what it's like up
there in a thunderstorm.
475
00:34:03,080 --> 00:34:06,000
Think of being up there
on a starry night,
476
00:34:06,000 --> 00:34:08,000
with all the world
at your feet.
477
00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:10,400
You get people
who are writing in
478
00:34:10,440 --> 00:34:13,280
saying, "What is this?
How is it made?"
479
00:34:13,280 --> 00:34:15,800
Imagine what life must
have been like
480
00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:17,920
before samplers,
before synthesizers,
481
00:34:17,960 --> 00:34:20,640
before sequencers?
482
00:34:20,640 --> 00:34:23,160
It took her 40 days to make
the "Doctor Who" theme.
483
00:34:23,200 --> 00:34:24,800
40 days.
484
00:34:26,440 --> 00:34:29,040
485
00:34:29,080 --> 00:34:32,120
She would sample
a green lamp shade,
486
00:34:32,160 --> 00:34:35,160
speed it up, reverse it,
487
00:34:35,160 --> 00:34:38,280
and just completely changed
the nature of the sound.
488
00:34:38,280 --> 00:34:43,320
489
00:34:47,440 --> 00:34:49,720
This was
a documentary program
490
00:34:49,760 --> 00:34:53,480
about the Tuareg tribe,
491
00:34:53,480 --> 00:34:56,240
the Tuareg tribe of nomads
492
00:34:56,240 --> 00:34:59,040
in the Sahara desert.
493
00:34:59,040 --> 00:35:02,440
In the piece,
I tried to convey
494
00:35:02,440 --> 00:35:05,040
the distance of the horizon
495
00:35:05,080 --> 00:35:08,160
and the heat haze,
496
00:35:08,160 --> 00:35:13,160
the strand of camels
wandering across the desert.
497
00:35:13,160 --> 00:35:16,600
That, in fact, was made
from square waves
498
00:35:16,600 --> 00:35:21,360
put through every filter
I could possibly find.
499
00:35:21,360 --> 00:35:26,440
500
00:35:39,400 --> 00:35:41,080
There must be a God.
501
00:35:41,080 --> 00:35:42,840
ethereal music
502
00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:44,120
Oh, yes.
503
00:35:44,120 --> 00:35:49,200
504
00:35:51,560 --> 00:35:53,360
Delia Derbyshire created
505
00:35:53,360 --> 00:35:56,320
some very, very beautiful things
and some things that had
506
00:35:56,320 --> 00:35:58,240
a kind of a very strange
and unearthly quality
507
00:35:58,240 --> 00:36:00,760
that couldn't quite be got,
I think, by normal musical means
508
00:36:00,760 --> 00:36:03,160
and yet didn't sound as if
509
00:36:03,200 --> 00:36:06,520
they were electronically
manufactured.
510
00:36:06,520 --> 00:36:11,480
511
00:36:11,480 --> 00:36:16,120
Some of it was
worked out mathematically.
512
00:36:16,120 --> 00:36:19,200
513
00:36:19,200 --> 00:36:20,880
I've tried to get into it
514
00:36:20,880 --> 00:36:23,680
a feeling of simplicity
515
00:36:23,680 --> 00:36:26,600
and loneliness,
516
00:36:26,600 --> 00:36:28,960
of a man on a moon.
517
00:36:28,960 --> 00:36:34,000
518
00:36:39,160 --> 00:36:41,880
[Neil Armstrong] That's
one small step for man...
519
00:36:43,680 --> 00:36:47,880
one giant leap
for mankind.
520
00:36:47,880 --> 00:36:49,360
521
00:36:49,400 --> 00:36:51,720
She created
a kind of pathway
522
00:36:51,760 --> 00:36:54,320
for electronic music.
523
00:36:54,360 --> 00:36:57,760
I did all sorts of things
I was told I couldn't do.
524
00:36:57,760 --> 00:37:02,640
I think I've always been
a very independent thinker.
525
00:37:25,840 --> 00:37:27,160
[narrator]
While the work of women
526
00:37:27,160 --> 00:37:29,120
like Delia and Daphne
527
00:37:29,120 --> 00:37:31,920
came from the deafening
sounds of wartime,
528
00:37:31,960 --> 00:37:35,080
it was the chilling silence
of the Cold War
529
00:37:35,080 --> 00:37:38,600
that took others
to the limits of listening.
530
00:37:42,080 --> 00:37:46,040
The bomb scare psychology
that was inculcated,
531
00:37:46,040 --> 00:37:48,160
that had a big effect
on the artists
532
00:37:48,160 --> 00:37:50,640
that were emerging
at that time.
533
00:37:50,640 --> 00:37:55,560
guitar rock music
534
00:37:55,560 --> 00:37:59,120
Everybody was pushing
for opening things up,
535
00:37:59,120 --> 00:38:02,320
a kind of way through
all the terrible stuff
536
00:38:02,320 --> 00:38:04,160
that was going on
in the world at the time.
537
00:38:04,200 --> 00:38:06,160
So there was a lot of
political motivation
538
00:38:06,160 --> 00:38:07,600
behind what we were doing.
539
00:38:07,640 --> 00:38:10,880
[crowd] Peace now!
Peace now! Peace now!
540
00:38:13,520 --> 00:38:15,000
The effect was to say,
541
00:38:15,000 --> 00:38:18,640
okay, we've got
to break through
542
00:38:18,640 --> 00:38:22,400
anything that was rigid,
anything that was limiting,
543
00:38:22,400 --> 00:38:24,280
and try to move
things forward.
544
00:38:24,280 --> 00:38:28,360
[electronic warp sounds]
545
00:38:32,040 --> 00:38:35,280
The music scene was evolving
546
00:38:35,320 --> 00:38:37,120
into an area that was
547
00:38:37,160 --> 00:38:40,760
very fresh and exciting.
548
00:38:40,760 --> 00:38:44,680
549
00:38:44,680 --> 00:38:47,080
First time I heard
live electronic music
550
00:38:47,080 --> 00:38:49,040
was early '60s.
551
00:38:49,040 --> 00:38:52,080
Pauline was on stage
with an accordion.
552
00:38:52,080 --> 00:38:55,000
The room was exploding with
a sound that was ear-splitting.
553
00:38:55,000 --> 00:38:59,720
I had never experienced
that kind of volume before.
554
00:38:59,720 --> 00:39:04,600
555
00:39:13,240 --> 00:39:14,600
I can't remember
when I wasn't
556
00:39:14,640 --> 00:39:17,360
interested in sounds.
557
00:39:17,360 --> 00:39:21,960
I remember particularly
things like riding in the car
558
00:39:22,000 --> 00:39:25,200
with my parents for instance,
maybe in the backseat,
559
00:39:25,240 --> 00:39:27,600
listening to the sound
of the motor
560
00:39:27,600 --> 00:39:30,280
and listening to the sound
of my parents' voices
561
00:39:30,320 --> 00:39:32,640
being modulated by the motor.
562
00:39:32,640 --> 00:39:35,680
[indistinct modulated
voices speaking]
563
00:39:35,720 --> 00:39:38,400
Listening to my father
turn his shortwave radio,
564
00:39:38,440 --> 00:39:42,200
listening to the whistles
and pops and static.
565
00:39:42,200 --> 00:39:44,160
I mean, I was
always fascinated with
566
00:39:44,200 --> 00:39:46,640
the in-between sounds
in the stations,
567
00:39:46,680 --> 00:39:47,880
just tuning in between.
568
00:39:47,880 --> 00:39:49,360
I loved that.
569
00:39:51,200 --> 00:39:53,200
[car radio changing stations]
570
00:39:53,200 --> 00:39:54,440
I credit my mother.
571
00:39:56,000 --> 00:39:57,360
For my birthday,
572
00:39:57,360 --> 00:39:58,760
she sent me a tape recorder,
573
00:39:58,760 --> 00:40:00,680
and that was a very
significant event
574
00:40:00,680 --> 00:40:03,880
because nobody had
tape recorders, you know.
575
00:40:03,880 --> 00:40:05,400
It was in the 50s.
576
00:40:05,400 --> 00:40:07,440
[marching style
music playing]
577
00:40:11,400 --> 00:40:13,200
I began to record--
578
00:40:13,240 --> 00:40:16,200
do field recording from
my apartment window.
579
00:40:16,200 --> 00:40:17,440
[tram bell dinging]
580
00:40:19,640 --> 00:40:23,120
And then in 1959
got started making
581
00:40:23,120 --> 00:40:25,960
a tape piece called
Time Perspectives.
582
00:40:27,440 --> 00:40:31,400
583
00:40:40,240 --> 00:40:43,120
The tape recorder that I had,
it was possible to record
584
00:40:43,120 --> 00:40:47,160
by hand winding the
tape in record mode.
585
00:40:47,200 --> 00:40:49,440
That gave me a variable
speed so I could do
586
00:40:49,440 --> 00:40:51,840
some interesting
things with that.
587
00:40:51,840 --> 00:40:56,080
588
00:40:56,080 --> 00:40:59,200
And I used the bathtub
for reverberation
589
00:40:59,200 --> 00:41:03,200
and cardboard tubes as filters.
590
00:41:03,240 --> 00:41:06,640
I'd put microphones in the
tube and then record sounds
591
00:41:06,640 --> 00:41:08,440
through the tube.
592
00:41:08,440 --> 00:41:11,320
593
00:41:21,080 --> 00:41:24,520
594
00:41:29,920 --> 00:41:32,560
Eventually, I met up
with a group of people
595
00:41:32,600 --> 00:41:34,200
who were interested
in new music,
596
00:41:36,440 --> 00:41:38,640
which led to
the founding of
597
00:41:38,640 --> 00:41:41,200
the San Francisco
Tape Music Center.
598
00:41:44,200 --> 00:41:46,040
The San Francisco
Tape Music Center
599
00:41:46,040 --> 00:41:49,200
was not associated
with an institution.
600
00:41:49,240 --> 00:41:52,600
So it was friends brought
together what equipment
601
00:41:52,600 --> 00:41:54,440
they had to share.
602
00:41:57,400 --> 00:41:59,480
Our sense of what
we were doing
603
00:41:59,480 --> 00:42:03,480
at that point was opening
a place where poets,
604
00:42:03,480 --> 00:42:08,320
painters, film, and
electronic or tape music,
605
00:42:08,360 --> 00:42:09,760
where all this stuff
could be done.
606
00:42:11,560 --> 00:42:13,800
It was a sense
of individuality.
607
00:42:13,840 --> 00:42:15,720
Nobody wanted to
be like anyone else
608
00:42:15,760 --> 00:42:18,160
and everybody
was very supportive
609
00:42:18,160 --> 00:42:20,120
of what everybody
else was doing.
610
00:42:22,640 --> 00:42:24,400
611
00:42:24,400 --> 00:42:27,960
My interest was always
in live performance
612
00:42:27,960 --> 00:42:31,520
and I started to find out
ways to use tape recorders
613
00:42:31,520 --> 00:42:33,440
and perform live with them,
614
00:42:33,440 --> 00:42:36,600
and that was making
a tape delay system,
615
00:42:36,600 --> 00:42:38,480
which allows
me to maintain
616
00:42:38,520 --> 00:42:41,080
that physical
contact with the sound.
617
00:42:41,120 --> 00:42:43,840
[high pitched whirring]
618
00:42:43,840 --> 00:42:48,040
orchestral music playing
619
00:43:21,760 --> 00:43:24,240
How do
you exercise the canon of
620
00:43:24,240 --> 00:43:27,840
classical music of misogyny
621
00:43:27,840 --> 00:43:31,880
with two oscillators,
a turntable, and tape delay?
622
00:43:36,240 --> 00:43:38,880
Feminism was at the center
of what she was doing,
623
00:43:38,880 --> 00:43:41,840
and it's strange because it
seems like if the boys' club
624
00:43:41,880 --> 00:43:44,240
is going to pick a token
woman, you would not pick
625
00:43:44,280 --> 00:43:46,720
a woman who is
that outspoken.
626
00:43:50,920 --> 00:43:52,680
Pauline was conscious
of the fact that
627
00:43:52,680 --> 00:43:54,440
she was different.
628
00:43:54,440 --> 00:43:57,400
She had a streak
of a revolutionary in her.
629
00:44:01,040 --> 00:44:02,800
Pauline, it was hard,
you know,
630
00:44:02,800 --> 00:44:04,200
she had come
out in the 50s
631
00:44:04,200 --> 00:44:08,040
and here she was
a woman, gay,
632
00:44:08,080 --> 00:44:10,080
avant-garde music,
633
00:44:10,120 --> 00:44:12,560
each thing by itself
would be hard,
634
00:44:12,600 --> 00:44:14,800
but she had three
things that were hard
635
00:44:14,800 --> 00:44:16,360
and women composers
636
00:44:16,360 --> 00:44:18,360
were not being
performed, you know.
637
00:44:18,360 --> 00:44:21,040
638
00:44:24,000 --> 00:44:25,560
[man] You wrote an editorial
639
00:44:25,600 --> 00:44:27,040
to the New York Times
once called
640
00:44:27,040 --> 00:44:28,680
"Don't Call Them
'Lady' Composers"
641
00:44:28,680 --> 00:44:30,200
- [Pauline] That's right.
- Tell us about
642
00:44:30,200 --> 00:44:32,120
when you wrote
that and why.
643
00:44:32,160 --> 00:44:35,080
[Pauline] I just want to be
introduced as a composer.
644
00:44:35,080 --> 00:44:37,240
That has caused me
to use that title
645
00:44:37,280 --> 00:44:39,440
and to start
to point out
646
00:44:39,440 --> 00:44:42,520
how hard it was for women
to be taken seriously
647
00:44:42,520 --> 00:44:45,120
as creators of music.
648
00:44:49,000 --> 00:44:52,560
649
00:45:02,400 --> 00:45:06,200
650
00:45:13,720 --> 00:45:17,600
[narrator]
Go out walking at night.
651
00:45:17,640 --> 00:45:20,800
Tread so quietly the bottoms
of your feet become ears.
652
00:45:24,440 --> 00:45:26,680
Working with an
all-women ensemble,
653
00:45:26,680 --> 00:45:29,560
instructions like these were
intended to encourage
654
00:45:29,560 --> 00:45:31,320
deep listening.
655
00:45:37,440 --> 00:45:42,240
656
00:45:48,120 --> 00:45:49,440
[Pauline] I was alarmed
657
00:45:49,480 --> 00:45:51,160
as many were,
of course,
658
00:45:51,200 --> 00:45:53,200
with the Vietnam War,
659
00:45:53,240 --> 00:45:56,880
and I began to seek some ways
of working with sound
660
00:45:56,920 --> 00:46:01,160
that I could discover more
of a kind of inner peace.
661
00:46:12,600 --> 00:46:16,520
I found myself listening
to long sounds
662
00:46:16,520 --> 00:46:18,920
and becoming more
interested in
663
00:46:18,920 --> 00:46:21,200
what the sounds
did themselves
664
00:46:21,200 --> 00:46:22,880
than what I would
do with them.
665
00:46:24,360 --> 00:46:29,120
And as this work proceeded,
666
00:46:29,160 --> 00:46:31,280
I began to become interested
667
00:46:31,280 --> 00:46:33,800
in what the kind of listening
668
00:46:33,800 --> 00:46:37,160
I was doing did to me
669
00:46:37,200 --> 00:46:39,960
and my own internal processes.
670
00:46:40,000 --> 00:46:42,920
671
00:46:47,880 --> 00:46:50,120
[woman] Does it have
social and political
672
00:46:50,160 --> 00:46:51,440
implications to you,
673
00:46:51,480 --> 00:46:52,640
the kind of music
that you write?
674
00:46:52,680 --> 00:46:54,120
Oh, yes.
675
00:46:54,120 --> 00:46:56,000
Well...
676
00:46:56,000 --> 00:46:59,560
I feel that
one's interactions,
677
00:46:59,560 --> 00:47:03,760
the way one relates in an
organization of any kind,
678
00:47:03,760 --> 00:47:05,360
is political and social
679
00:47:05,360 --> 00:47:07,200
and very important.
680
00:47:09,600 --> 00:47:13,440
The path that I hope to be on
is one where the energy
681
00:47:13,440 --> 00:47:18,480
that comes out of the work
that I do is beneficial
682
00:47:18,480 --> 00:47:20,840
to others as
well as myself.
683
00:47:20,840 --> 00:47:23,920
I want my work to be
mutually beneficial.
684
00:47:23,920 --> 00:47:26,320
I'm not interested
in making an object
685
00:47:26,320 --> 00:47:28,720
of art and entertainment.
686
00:47:28,720 --> 00:47:31,160
I'm interested in making
something that helps me
687
00:47:31,160 --> 00:47:34,720
to grow and expand and
change as an individual
688
00:47:36,160 --> 00:47:38,480
and in relation
to others.
689
00:47:40,680 --> 00:47:45,720
690
00:47:52,080 --> 00:47:53,960
[narrator] Pauline's
preoccupation with
691
00:47:53,960 --> 00:47:57,800
how we hear and feel the
sounds within and around us
692
00:47:57,840 --> 00:48:01,000
were shared by
Maryanne Amacher at MIT,
693
00:48:01,040 --> 00:48:03,240
who was sounding
out the city.
694
00:48:03,240 --> 00:48:06,200
[high-pitch whirring]
695
00:48:15,400 --> 00:48:17,840
I had installed a
microphone
696
00:48:17,840 --> 00:48:21,600
in eight locations
at the Boston Harbor
697
00:48:21,600 --> 00:48:24,240
in the New England
Fish Exchange
698
00:48:24,240 --> 00:48:27,240
connected to
telephone links.
699
00:48:30,200 --> 00:48:32,440
It was very nice to
come in late at night
700
00:48:32,440 --> 00:48:34,080
at 1:00 in the morning
701
00:48:34,120 --> 00:48:37,160
and just turn on the
mixer and have the sound
702
00:48:37,160 --> 00:48:40,720
coming from the distant
night when I liked it best
703
00:48:40,760 --> 00:48:43,280
because I could hear
patterns in various shapes.
704
00:48:45,280 --> 00:48:47,160
- [seagulls squawking]
- [high-pitched whirring]
705
00:48:49,640 --> 00:48:52,840
I realized, my, there's
a tone of this place.
706
00:48:52,880 --> 00:48:55,240
There's a whole undercurrent
that exists here
707
00:48:55,280 --> 00:48:59,000
that makes this
recognizable in some way.
708
00:48:59,040 --> 00:49:01,160
It wasn't hard to
analyze it in Boston.
709
00:49:01,160 --> 00:49:04,000
It was like a low F sharp.
710
00:49:04,000 --> 00:49:06,600
Then other places,
for example, New York,
711
00:49:06,600 --> 00:49:08,520
it was like a low E.
712
00:49:08,520 --> 00:49:12,720
[rumbling]
713
00:49:12,720 --> 00:49:15,520
It wasn't that I wanted
the sounds of the birds
714
00:49:15,520 --> 00:49:18,640
or the sounds of the harbor
or any of these sounds,
715
00:49:18,640 --> 00:49:23,000
I really wanted to experience
and learn about hearing.
716
00:49:28,320 --> 00:49:30,040
[man] When people say to you,
"Yeah, but is it music?"
717
00:49:30,040 --> 00:49:31,480
After you say,
"Yes it is,"
718
00:49:31,520 --> 00:49:33,280
how do you
expand on that?
719
00:49:33,280 --> 00:49:36,200
[Maryanne] Well, I think
that's sort of an old question.
720
00:49:36,240 --> 00:49:38,600
Much of our music, classical
pop, has this beat,
721
00:49:38,640 --> 00:49:41,520
has this gallop,
has this trot.
722
00:49:41,520 --> 00:49:45,560
I'm interested in music that
communicates some ideas,
723
00:49:45,560 --> 00:49:48,320
[eerie echoing]
724
00:49:48,360 --> 00:49:51,160
finding places where there
is space and dimension
725
00:49:51,160 --> 00:49:52,880
to the sound,
726
00:49:52,880 --> 00:49:55,920
sounds very, very far away
and very close up.
727
00:50:00,200 --> 00:50:02,720
Maryanne was really
interested in
728
00:50:02,760 --> 00:50:04,960
contemporary science.
729
00:50:05,000 --> 00:50:07,400
She had been very interested
in muon research,
730
00:50:07,400 --> 00:50:11,640
these particles that speed
through the universe.
731
00:50:11,640 --> 00:50:14,440
She was constantly
thinking about
732
00:50:14,440 --> 00:50:18,720
intersections of science,
life, and sound.
733
00:50:25,120 --> 00:50:27,160
Her house
was incredible.
734
00:50:27,200 --> 00:50:29,880
It was in breathtakingly
bad condition.
735
00:50:31,680 --> 00:50:33,600
There was this
whole rack
736
00:50:33,600 --> 00:50:35,600
full of these sine
wave oscillators
737
00:50:35,640 --> 00:50:37,760
straight out
of a physics lab.
738
00:50:40,040 --> 00:50:42,040
And there's this
woman sitting there
739
00:50:42,040 --> 00:50:45,520
with this really intense,
buzzy energy.
740
00:50:45,520 --> 00:50:49,120
741
00:50:49,120 --> 00:50:51,560
She'd have a
rock-and-roll attitude
742
00:50:51,560 --> 00:50:53,480
towards, "I'm going to
make this whole house
743
00:50:53,480 --> 00:50:56,640
"vibrate and come alive."
744
00:50:58,960 --> 00:51:03,960
[frequencies reverberating]
745
00:51:26,760 --> 00:51:30,280
She wanted to
develop an extremely
746
00:51:30,280 --> 00:51:33,120
rigorous approach
to listening,
747
00:51:34,640 --> 00:51:37,400
to activating sights,
748
00:51:37,400 --> 00:51:41,720
to thinking outside of
composition as it's known.
749
00:51:41,720 --> 00:51:45,240
750
00:51:45,240 --> 00:51:47,440
She didn't want
to push around
751
00:51:47,440 --> 00:51:50,280
dead white men's notes.
752
00:51:50,280 --> 00:51:53,720
753
00:51:56,720 --> 00:51:59,680
I wanted to
create music
754
00:51:59,680 --> 00:52:02,400
where the listener actually
755
00:52:02,440 --> 00:52:05,360
had vivid experiences
of contributing.
756
00:52:07,600 --> 00:52:11,160
In composing, I am
conscious of the tones
757
00:52:11,200 --> 00:52:14,720
that you make in
response to the tones
758
00:52:14,760 --> 00:52:16,200
that a musician plays.
759
00:52:21,280 --> 00:52:23,480
One of the phenomenon
she was most interested in
760
00:52:23,480 --> 00:52:25,400
was otoacoustic emission.
761
00:52:25,400 --> 00:52:27,240
She referred to
them as ear tones.
762
00:52:28,880 --> 00:52:31,720
If you have two frequencies
and they sound together,
763
00:52:31,720 --> 00:52:34,720
the ear and the mind try
to sort of resolve them.
764
00:52:34,720 --> 00:52:37,120
There is an emergent
third pitch.
765
00:52:39,400 --> 00:52:41,760
She can compose these outer
things that will produce
766
00:52:41,800 --> 00:52:43,240
this inner thing.
767
00:52:43,280 --> 00:52:45,400
768
00:52:45,440 --> 00:52:47,040
She would refer to it as
769
00:52:47,040 --> 00:52:48,560
ghost writing
the listener's music.
770
00:52:53,240 --> 00:52:55,240
The first time one
encounters her music
771
00:52:55,240 --> 00:52:58,120
and the way that
it dances inside your ear
772
00:52:58,120 --> 00:53:01,080
is this light bulb moment.
773
00:53:01,080 --> 00:53:02,520
You can actually play with
774
00:53:02,520 --> 00:53:04,640
the physicality
of the listener.
775
00:53:06,680 --> 00:53:10,840
[eerie frequencies echoing]
776
00:53:13,200 --> 00:53:14,480
[high-pitched frequency
ringing]
777
00:53:19,400 --> 00:53:23,240
Merce Cunningham commissioned
a piece from her.
778
00:53:25,080 --> 00:53:26,920
You'd hear this
very high pitch.
779
00:53:29,680 --> 00:53:31,560
And then there
would be thunder,
780
00:53:31,600 --> 00:53:33,440
[thunder rumbling]
781
00:53:33,440 --> 00:53:36,600
beautiful thunder recorded
in stereoscopic sound
782
00:53:36,600 --> 00:53:38,880
that would shift across
the room.
783
00:53:43,160 --> 00:53:46,800
And when it hit,
there would be this array
784
00:53:46,800 --> 00:53:49,800
of other frequencies
that would happen.
785
00:53:49,800 --> 00:53:51,720
It was very, very beautiful.
786
00:53:53,600 --> 00:53:58,440
787
00:54:11,000 --> 00:54:16,040
[high-pitched frequency
ringing]
788
00:54:25,400 --> 00:54:28,200
[narrator] The idea of
a slowly evolving composition
789
00:54:28,240 --> 00:54:30,200
that alters the listener
790
00:54:30,200 --> 00:54:34,440
also fired the imagination
of Eliane Radigue.
791
00:54:37,800 --> 00:54:41,720
792
00:54:52,200 --> 00:54:55,680
793
00:55:23,440 --> 00:55:25,560
When I met Eliane,
794
00:55:25,600 --> 00:55:28,680
she had been working with
the Buchla synthesizer,
795
00:55:28,680 --> 00:55:31,840
yet this piece that
she wrote, Chry-ptus,
796
00:55:31,840 --> 00:55:35,000
sounded nothing
like a Buchla.
797
00:55:37,440 --> 00:55:41,680
798
00:56:19,480 --> 00:56:21,680
We're talking
with Eliane Radigue
799
00:56:21,680 --> 00:56:23,480
who's here from Paris.
800
00:56:23,480 --> 00:56:25,560
Are you working with
both synthesizers
801
00:56:25,560 --> 00:56:27,440
and tape recording
processes?
802
00:56:27,480 --> 00:56:31,000
Yes,
the ARP synthesizer
803
00:56:31,040 --> 00:56:33,920
and the tape recorder.
804
00:56:37,040 --> 00:56:40,440
My main involvement
with music is to work on
805
00:56:40,440 --> 00:56:43,240
slow changing
of the sounds.
806
00:56:43,240 --> 00:56:44,880
[Charles] So in a way,
807
00:56:44,880 --> 00:56:46,640
you're working with time?
808
00:56:46,680 --> 00:56:49,160
[Eliane] Yes,
my last work, Adnos II,
809
00:56:49,160 --> 00:56:53,240
is 75 minutes long,
and it couldn't be shorter.
810
00:56:53,240 --> 00:56:55,840
It just goes like a stream.
811
00:56:55,840 --> 00:56:59,640
812
00:57:07,040 --> 00:57:10,880
813
00:57:13,600 --> 00:57:15,800
I should say that
this music I make
814
00:57:15,800 --> 00:57:17,560
is not so much welcome,
815
00:57:17,560 --> 00:57:19,360
except by a few
people, of course.
816
00:57:19,360 --> 00:57:21,040
There is nothing in between.
817
00:57:21,040 --> 00:57:23,440
People likes it,
or not at all.
818
00:57:23,440 --> 00:57:25,520
For the music establishment,
819
00:57:25,520 --> 00:57:27,640
they think that
I don't make music.
820
00:57:27,680 --> 00:57:29,720
That's not music.
821
00:57:29,720 --> 00:57:32,720
[Charles] Oh, still arguing
about that, are we?
822
00:57:32,760 --> 00:57:34,760
[Eliane laughing]
823
00:57:34,760 --> 00:57:38,560
Our music was meant
to be listened to
824
00:57:38,600 --> 00:57:40,800
in a different way than
how you'd listen to,
825
00:57:40,800 --> 00:57:43,040
like, a pop song.
826
00:57:43,040 --> 00:57:45,400
In a pop song
you're listening for
827
00:57:45,400 --> 00:57:47,680
melodies, harmonies, lyrics.
828
00:57:47,680 --> 00:57:50,840
In her music, you're
listening not just
829
00:57:50,840 --> 00:57:53,480
for the things that are
changing in the sound,
830
00:57:53,480 --> 00:57:55,360
but for the way
that the experience
831
00:57:55,400 --> 00:57:57,800
is changing your disposition.
832
00:57:57,840 --> 00:58:02,240
833
00:58:18,440 --> 00:58:21,800
834
00:58:32,040 --> 00:58:33,560
[crowd chattering]
835
00:59:08,720 --> 00:59:12,040
836
00:59:36,280 --> 00:59:39,440
[synthesizer playing]
837
00:59:39,480 --> 00:59:41,320
I'll
make it start very dull
838
00:59:41,360 --> 00:59:43,400
and then get very
bright like that.
839
00:59:43,400 --> 00:59:45,680
It sounds more like
a trumpet sound.
840
00:59:45,680 --> 00:59:49,960
[synthesizer playing]
841
00:59:58,480 --> 01:00:00,240
842
01:00:00,240 --> 01:00:02,160
And I'll add a little echo.
843
01:00:02,160 --> 01:00:05,280
[synthesizer playing]
844
01:00:05,280 --> 01:00:08,160
The transgressive act of
845
01:00:08,160 --> 01:00:11,080
recontextualizing these classic
846
01:00:11,080 --> 01:00:13,400
Western art music tropes,
847
01:00:13,440 --> 01:00:18,280
that takes a lot of strength,
humor, and vision.
848
01:00:22,200 --> 01:00:23,640
Up until
that moment,
849
01:00:23,680 --> 01:00:25,520
electronic music
had this promise
850
01:00:25,520 --> 01:00:28,080
of a different vocabulary,
a different language,
851
01:00:28,120 --> 01:00:31,520
a new paradigm,
a new way of working.
852
01:00:33,680 --> 01:00:36,240
Switched-On Bach,
the way it impacted
853
01:00:36,240 --> 01:00:39,080
the public's consciousness
854
01:00:39,080 --> 01:00:42,440
of what a synthesizer was,
855
01:00:42,440 --> 01:00:44,240
was completely retroactive.
856
01:00:46,800 --> 01:00:50,280
Everybody thought that
these things were about
857
01:00:50,280 --> 01:00:53,000
replicating sounds.
858
01:00:53,000 --> 01:00:55,560
859
01:00:55,560 --> 01:00:58,560
To me, electronic music
wasn't about
860
01:00:58,560 --> 01:01:00,760
making baroque music
861
01:01:00,800 --> 01:01:02,760
with new timbres.
862
01:01:02,760 --> 01:01:04,920
It was a different
kind of music.
863
01:01:07,200 --> 01:01:10,040
You just had
the Summer of Love.
864
01:01:10,040 --> 01:01:13,560
Everything we knew
was being thrown out,
865
01:01:13,560 --> 01:01:15,360
[crowd shouting]
866
01:01:15,400 --> 01:01:17,560
and it was a whole new world.
867
01:01:17,600 --> 01:01:19,520
Electronics were
part of that world.
868
01:01:20,880 --> 01:01:23,120
- What are they?
- Oh, these are patch cords.
869
01:01:23,120 --> 01:01:26,920
This is-- these are the things
that route the signal
870
01:01:26,920 --> 01:01:29,800
from one little module
to another to get the sound.
871
01:01:29,800 --> 01:01:32,160
You can patch it a lot of
different ways and the way
872
01:01:32,200 --> 01:01:35,640
you patch it will
determine what you get.
873
01:01:35,680 --> 01:01:38,840
It's like creating
an instrument.
874
01:01:38,840 --> 01:01:40,200
Do you know
before you put them in
875
01:01:40,200 --> 01:01:42,040
what it's going
to sound like?
876
01:01:42,040 --> 01:01:44,600
Well, you're always
going towards an idea.
877
01:01:44,600 --> 01:01:47,440
That's what makes you put the
patch cords in certain places.
878
01:01:47,440 --> 01:01:50,880
Part of an instrument
is what it can do
879
01:01:50,920 --> 01:01:53,000
and part of it is
what you do to it.
880
01:01:53,000 --> 01:01:55,640
The other part of music of
course is the motion
881
01:01:55,640 --> 01:01:58,080
and the personal involvement
that a musician gives
882
01:01:58,080 --> 01:01:59,680
to his instrument,
883
01:01:59,680 --> 01:02:01,800
and that's something
that I happen to feel
884
01:02:01,840 --> 01:02:03,760
and have with
synthesizers.
885
01:02:03,760 --> 01:02:06,200
So I play the synthesizer
the same way
886
01:02:06,200 --> 01:02:08,760
somebody else would
play cello or violin.
887
01:02:08,760 --> 01:02:11,200
[arpeggiator ringing]
888
01:02:11,200 --> 01:02:14,840
889
01:02:14,840 --> 01:02:17,480
For a classically
trained pianist
890
01:02:17,480 --> 01:02:19,800
to turn her back
on a keyboard,
891
01:02:19,840 --> 01:02:21,360
she's crazy.
892
01:02:21,400 --> 01:02:24,160
It was like learning
a new language
893
01:02:24,160 --> 01:02:26,120
via the means of cutting
out your own tongue.
894
01:02:27,560 --> 01:02:28,920
Yeah, I can sing
out of tune
895
01:02:28,920 --> 01:02:30,360
and it'll still be in tune
896
01:02:30,360 --> 01:02:32,200
because it depends on
what I'm playing.
897
01:02:32,200 --> 01:02:34,960
This is all the pitch so you
don't have to really be able
898
01:02:35,000 --> 01:02:37,280
to sing to do this.
899
01:02:37,280 --> 01:02:39,240
So, it's great.
it's great.
900
01:02:39,280 --> 01:02:40,680
Hello, hello, hello.
901
01:02:40,720 --> 01:02:42,600
I couldn't get a record deal
902
01:02:42,600 --> 01:02:44,440
because the record companies
were not interested
903
01:02:44,440 --> 01:02:46,240
in a woman who
did not sing.
904
01:02:46,240 --> 01:02:47,800
One, one...
905
01:02:47,840 --> 01:02:51,480
Advertising wanted
to be on the edge.
906
01:02:51,520 --> 01:02:54,280
They were looking
for something different.
907
01:02:54,280 --> 01:02:56,760
I had total freedom.
908
01:02:56,760 --> 01:02:59,120
Nobody could tell
me what to do.
909
01:02:59,120 --> 01:03:00,440
They didn't know what I did.
910
01:03:00,440 --> 01:03:05,200
911
01:03:09,600 --> 01:03:12,480
[man] The new Clairol
custom care coon brush.
912
01:03:15,240 --> 01:03:18,080
Atari is going to
turn your head around.
913
01:03:18,080 --> 01:03:19,800
Big news
from Covergirl.
914
01:03:19,840 --> 01:03:22,400
There's a whole new
thick lash mascara.
915
01:03:26,280 --> 01:03:28,480
The landscape that
she must have walked into
916
01:03:28,480 --> 01:03:30,280
must have been like
something from Mad Men.
917
01:03:30,280 --> 01:03:32,080
I remember Suzanne
telling me stories like
918
01:03:32,080 --> 01:03:34,880
she'd turn up
early to set up
919
01:03:34,880 --> 01:03:36,840
all the modular
gear in studios
920
01:03:36,880 --> 01:03:38,440
and a young engineer
would come in and go,
921
01:03:38,440 --> 01:03:40,480
"Which mic are you
going to sing on?"
922
01:03:40,480 --> 01:03:41,760
or, "What are you
going to sing for us?"
923
01:03:41,800 --> 01:03:43,200
Because those
stereotypes were
924
01:03:43,240 --> 01:03:45,080
so commonplace in
studios in those days.
925
01:03:46,880 --> 01:03:49,640
Welcome to Xenon.
926
01:03:49,680 --> 01:03:52,240
More than anybody else,
927
01:03:52,240 --> 01:03:54,640
she built a career
928
01:03:54,640 --> 01:03:57,480
out of making weird music,
929
01:03:57,520 --> 01:04:00,520
which is something I think
everybody aspires to.
930
01:04:00,560 --> 01:04:01,920
Oh...
931
01:04:01,960 --> 01:04:03,680
She had her own company.
932
01:04:03,680 --> 01:04:04,960
She was able to turn
her art into something
933
01:04:04,960 --> 01:04:06,680
she can live on.
934
01:04:06,680 --> 01:04:08,840
- Oh!
- [echoing]
935
01:04:08,880 --> 01:04:12,000
Don't be afraid.
936
01:04:12,040 --> 01:04:16,640
This is my almost male voice.
937
01:04:16,640 --> 01:04:18,720
[audience laughing]
938
01:04:18,760 --> 01:04:20,200
Make the thing
make noises for us.
939
01:04:20,200 --> 01:04:21,680
- Okay, let's--
- Now first of all,
940
01:04:21,680 --> 01:04:22,840
why do you have this stuff?
941
01:04:22,840 --> 01:04:24,360
What do you do with this?
942
01:04:24,360 --> 01:04:26,040
Well, this is how
I make a living.
943
01:04:26,080 --> 01:04:29,640
But I mean, you don't
go door-to-door saying,
944
01:04:29,640 --> 01:04:31,240
I'll make you sound goofy.
945
01:04:31,280 --> 01:04:32,680
Yeah, they call me.
they call me.
946
01:04:32,680 --> 01:04:34,600
They call you, uh...
947
01:04:37,080 --> 01:04:41,880
[sound building up]
948
01:04:46,280 --> 01:04:48,520
[sound getting louder]
949
01:04:49,680 --> 01:04:51,480
Should I stop?
950
01:04:51,480 --> 01:04:54,240
No, let it go
for about half an hour.
951
01:04:54,240 --> 01:04:56,400
That's wonderful.
952
01:04:56,400 --> 01:04:58,760
[applause]
953
01:05:01,640 --> 01:05:03,320
It was 1980.
954
01:05:03,320 --> 01:05:05,040
I was hired to do
a Hollywood feature.
955
01:05:06,960 --> 01:05:09,360
It was a Lily Tomlin movie.
956
01:05:09,360 --> 01:05:13,600
Lily was a woman,
the head of the production
957
01:05:13,600 --> 01:05:15,920
at Universal was a woman.
958
01:05:15,920 --> 01:05:18,800
So I had two women
in positions of power.
959
01:05:18,800 --> 01:05:20,600
And guess what?
I got hired.
960
01:05:20,600 --> 01:05:22,160
Is that package for me?
961
01:05:22,160 --> 01:05:24,600
Mike, it's for me.
it's for me.
962
01:05:24,600 --> 01:05:27,800
I didn't know I was
the first woman
963
01:05:27,800 --> 01:05:31,440
to be hired to score a
major Hollywood feature,
964
01:05:31,480 --> 01:05:35,600
and I didn't know that
it would be 14 years
965
01:05:35,640 --> 01:05:37,040
until another
woman was hired.
966
01:05:39,640 --> 01:05:42,040
We are casualties
967
01:05:42,040 --> 01:05:44,960
of a day-to-day system
968
01:05:44,960 --> 01:05:48,680
that operates
without awareness
969
01:05:48,680 --> 01:05:50,400
that we're even there.
970
01:05:50,400 --> 01:05:52,280
Galaxy glue
971
01:05:52,320 --> 01:05:56,320
Life would go to pieces
without galaxy glue
972
01:05:58,120 --> 01:06:00,560
[Lauire] There weren't any
women composers that I knew of.
973
01:06:00,560 --> 01:06:01,960
I had never heard of one.
974
01:06:04,000 --> 01:06:06,360
Composers were old
white dead men.
975
01:06:08,040 --> 01:06:11,600
It was just not something
I ever thought of
976
01:06:11,600 --> 01:06:12,800
as something I could do.
977
01:06:14,760 --> 01:06:16,480
When they asked me
in high school,
978
01:06:16,520 --> 01:06:18,800
"What would you like
to do with your life?"
979
01:06:18,800 --> 01:06:20,480
I said, "I would
love to do music."
980
01:06:20,480 --> 01:06:22,560
They said, "Totally
out of the question.
981
01:06:22,560 --> 01:06:24,920
"You would have needed
to have music lessons
982
01:06:24,920 --> 01:06:27,000
"all during your childhood."
983
01:06:27,000 --> 01:06:30,120
So I did a degree
in social sciences,
984
01:06:30,160 --> 01:06:34,160
but secretly I really always
wanted to do music.
985
01:06:34,160 --> 01:06:37,840
After I got my bachelor's
and moved to New York,
986
01:06:37,840 --> 01:06:39,800
I thought,
I'm going to regret it
987
01:06:39,840 --> 01:06:41,680
for the rest of my life if
I don't give it a real try.
988
01:06:44,240 --> 01:06:46,920
- [piano playing]
- [man vocalizing]
989
01:06:46,960 --> 01:06:51,400
I was taking ear training
and music at Juilliard
990
01:06:51,400 --> 01:06:54,400
and happened to be in
Mike Czajkowski's class.
991
01:06:54,400 --> 01:06:57,840
And he was working
with Mort Subotnick.
992
01:06:57,840 --> 01:07:00,040
Mike dragged me down
to Mort's studio
993
01:07:00,040 --> 01:07:03,280
and it was like music went
994
01:07:03,320 --> 01:07:05,000
from black and white to color.
995
01:07:05,040 --> 01:07:07,520
996
01:07:07,520 --> 01:07:09,000
I fell in love
with electronic music.
997
01:07:09,000 --> 01:07:10,320
It completely changed
998
01:07:10,320 --> 01:07:12,000
the way I heard everything.
999
01:07:12,000 --> 01:07:13,840
The sounds
of the traffic in the street
1000
01:07:13,840 --> 01:07:15,600
no longer sounded the same.
1001
01:07:18,440 --> 01:07:21,280
I always wanted
to do something in the arts
1002
01:07:21,280 --> 01:07:25,080
that had to do with the real,
authentic experience
1003
01:07:25,080 --> 01:07:27,920
of being alive,
in contrast to
1004
01:07:27,960 --> 01:07:31,320
the 1950s hypocritical
reality in which I lived,
1005
01:07:31,360 --> 01:07:34,040
in which everything
was glossed over
1006
01:07:34,080 --> 01:07:35,600
with cotton candy.
1007
01:07:35,600 --> 01:07:38,280
1008
01:07:38,280 --> 01:07:40,160
A perfect dinner, Judy.
1009
01:07:40,200 --> 01:07:42,200
And you said she
couldn't boil water
1010
01:07:42,200 --> 01:07:43,440
without burning it.
1011
01:07:46,600 --> 01:07:49,800
[Laurie] I got involved
in the downtown art scene,
1012
01:07:49,800 --> 01:07:51,880
which is like "try
anything," you know?
1013
01:07:57,240 --> 01:07:59,760
[dissonant and random
sounds playing]
1014
01:08:02,960 --> 01:08:07,960
I tackled learning the Buchla
modular analogue system.
1015
01:08:07,960 --> 01:08:10,560
While I could do all kinds of
wonderful things with sounds,
1016
01:08:10,600 --> 01:08:14,800
what I really wanted was the
precision of the computer.
1017
01:08:14,800 --> 01:08:18,560
I got involved with computers
in music
1018
01:08:18,600 --> 01:08:22,400
out of frustration at other
ways of doing music, in part,
1019
01:08:22,400 --> 01:08:25,480
and also because of
the incredible potential
1020
01:08:25,520 --> 01:08:30,120
that they had for combining
the best of all other worlds,
1021
01:08:30,120 --> 01:08:31,760
let's say.
1022
01:08:31,760 --> 01:08:33,360
The memory, the logic,
1023
01:08:33,360 --> 01:08:35,320
the ability to actually
interact with sound
1024
01:08:35,360 --> 01:08:39,240
in real time began
to be possible.
1025
01:08:39,240 --> 01:08:41,600
The complete freedom
to define
1026
01:08:41,600 --> 01:08:44,160
any kind of world you wanted.
1027
01:08:44,160 --> 01:08:45,600
1028
01:09:01,920 --> 01:09:05,040
[sounds changing]
1029
01:09:10,200 --> 01:09:12,640
[rumbling]
1030
01:09:16,160 --> 01:09:21,160
1031
01:09:59,840 --> 01:10:04,320
Computers back then were the
enemy of the counterculture.
1032
01:10:04,360 --> 01:10:06,440
Computers belonged to
the banks and the military
1033
01:10:06,480 --> 01:10:09,440
and the insurance companies.
1034
01:10:09,440 --> 01:10:13,280
Computer music was the utter
dehumanization of music
1035
01:10:13,320 --> 01:10:15,120
rather than,
to some few of us,
1036
01:10:15,120 --> 01:10:16,880
the liberation of it.
1037
01:10:16,880 --> 01:10:18,800
Do you mean to tell me
that you haven't heard it?
1038
01:10:18,800 --> 01:10:20,280
No, I haven't heard it.
1039
01:10:20,320 --> 01:10:22,000
Here, play it.
1040
01:10:22,040 --> 01:10:23,600
It's really terrific, Suzie.
Wait 'til you hear it.
1041
01:10:23,640 --> 01:10:25,080
Excuse me, ladies.
1042
01:10:25,120 --> 01:10:26,440
I have a special request.
1043
01:10:27,600 --> 01:10:30,280
[electronic music playing]
1044
01:10:33,720 --> 01:10:38,720
1045
01:10:53,920 --> 01:10:57,560
Laurie Spiegel
was a ukulele player
1046
01:10:57,560 --> 01:10:59,400
among other things.
1047
01:10:59,400 --> 01:11:03,800
She had a sense of music
that is based in folk idioms,
1048
01:11:03,800 --> 01:11:05,800
and Appalachian Grove
1049
01:11:05,800 --> 01:11:08,000
is one of the earliest
computer music pieces
1050
01:11:08,040 --> 01:11:10,680
that anyone would
want to listen to
1051
01:11:10,680 --> 01:11:13,680
more than once.
1052
01:11:13,680 --> 01:11:15,840
But to think that
it was all done
1053
01:11:15,840 --> 01:11:18,200
by punching holes in cards
1054
01:11:18,200 --> 01:11:22,120
and running them
through the Bell Labs computer
1055
01:11:22,120 --> 01:11:24,200
is quite astonishing.
1056
01:11:24,200 --> 01:11:27,920
1057
01:11:38,800 --> 01:11:40,080
[Laurie] Technology is just,
1058
01:11:40,080 --> 01:11:42,920
it's a natural
extension of man.
1059
01:11:42,920 --> 01:11:44,480
Man has always
played with tools.
1060
01:11:44,520 --> 01:11:46,040
Man has always
developed tools,
1061
01:11:46,080 --> 01:11:48,480
and it is a tool,
it's not--
1062
01:11:48,480 --> 01:11:50,680
The machine doesn't
write the music.
1063
01:11:50,680 --> 01:11:52,360
You tell the machine
what to do,
1064
01:11:52,400 --> 01:11:54,680
and the machine
is an extension of you.
1065
01:11:54,680 --> 01:11:58,760
1066
01:11:58,760 --> 01:12:01,120
Bell Labs was a great,
great institution.
1067
01:12:02,360 --> 01:12:06,600
Everything changed after the
AT&T divestiture happened.
1068
01:12:06,600 --> 01:12:09,880
Bell Labs became
product-oriented
1069
01:12:09,880 --> 01:12:11,560
instead of pure research.
1070
01:12:11,560 --> 01:12:12,800
[overlapping voices]
1071
01:12:15,280 --> 01:12:18,640
After I left there,
I was absolutely desolate.
1072
01:12:18,640 --> 01:12:22,080
I had lost my main
creative medium.
1073
01:12:25,480 --> 01:12:27,320
[man] Laurie Spiegel,
1074
01:12:27,320 --> 01:12:29,120
you have a very
fascinating new product,
1075
01:12:29,160 --> 01:12:31,560
a software program,
which you created...
1076
01:12:31,560 --> 01:12:33,000
- Yeah.
- ...called Music Mouse.
1077
01:12:33,000 --> 01:12:35,040
Can you tell us a little
bit about that?
1078
01:12:35,040 --> 01:12:38,440
This is actually a program
which turns the Macintosh
1079
01:12:38,480 --> 01:12:40,320
into an instrument
which you play,
1080
01:12:40,320 --> 01:12:44,400
and unlike traditional
instruments,
1081
01:12:44,400 --> 01:12:47,440
on the other hand, it uses
the logic of the computer
1082
01:12:47,480 --> 01:12:50,400
supportively
to musical expression.
1083
01:12:59,680 --> 01:13:01,760
[Laurie] I needed an instrument.
1084
01:13:01,760 --> 01:13:04,880
I wanted something which was
entirely under my own control
1085
01:13:04,880 --> 01:13:06,720
that didn't have
to be marketable
1086
01:13:06,760 --> 01:13:08,840
or it didn't involve funding.
1087
01:13:08,840 --> 01:13:11,160
It was just something
entirely mine.
1088
01:13:17,000 --> 01:13:18,400
It's the first time
I've done something
1089
01:13:18,400 --> 01:13:19,720
essentially for myself
1090
01:13:19,760 --> 01:13:20,760
that I'm just really
making available
1091
01:13:20,760 --> 01:13:22,200
to anybody who wants it,
1092
01:13:22,240 --> 01:13:23,600
and I hope a lot
of people really get
1093
01:13:23,600 --> 01:13:25,040
a lot of good
music out of it.
1094
01:13:25,040 --> 01:13:27,080
Everybody who's using it
seems to be doing
1095
01:13:27,080 --> 01:13:28,360
something slightly different.
1096
01:13:28,360 --> 01:13:29,840
So I'll be interested,
you know,
1097
01:13:29,880 --> 01:13:31,560
keeping my ears open
for whatever you do.
1098
01:13:31,600 --> 01:13:33,000
Mouse ears.
1099
01:13:42,200 --> 01:13:44,200
She wasn't satisfied with
1100
01:13:44,240 --> 01:13:46,760
the given constraints of
what she was working with.
1101
01:13:46,800 --> 01:13:49,200
So she decided to make
her own software.
1102
01:13:49,200 --> 01:13:52,480
She just embodies
this idea of agency.
1103
01:13:52,480 --> 01:13:55,240
1104
01:13:58,640 --> 01:14:01,040
Her work was very
much in the lineage
1105
01:14:01,040 --> 01:14:02,800
with the work of Daphne Oram
1106
01:14:02,800 --> 01:14:04,720
because of her engineering
1107
01:14:04,720 --> 01:14:08,640
of a new language
for producing sounds,
1108
01:14:08,680 --> 01:14:10,680
and the support system
for other people
1109
01:14:10,680 --> 01:14:12,280
to invent new soundscapes.
1110
01:14:18,040 --> 01:14:20,240
[woman] What's
the most exciting thing
1111
01:14:20,240 --> 01:14:21,720
about the field for you?
1112
01:14:23,440 --> 01:14:28,000
Well, this is a time at
which many people feel
1113
01:14:28,000 --> 01:14:31,000
that there are a lot of
dead ends in music,
1114
01:14:31,000 --> 01:14:32,120
that there isn't
a lot more to do.
1115
01:14:32,160 --> 01:14:33,600
This is actually...
1116
01:14:33,640 --> 01:14:36,400
I see this and through
the technology,
1117
01:14:36,440 --> 01:14:38,640
I experience this
as quite the opposite.
1118
01:14:38,680 --> 01:14:41,200
This is a period in which
1119
01:14:41,240 --> 01:14:43,400
we realize
we've only just begun
1120
01:14:43,400 --> 01:14:45,880
to scratch the surface
of what's possible musically.
1121
01:14:45,880 --> 01:14:50,880
1122
01:14:53,400 --> 01:14:55,120
[narrator] Through technology,
1123
01:14:55,120 --> 01:14:58,560
voices are amplified,
silence is broken,
1124
01:14:58,600 --> 01:15:00,440
spaces are shared.
1125
01:15:02,360 --> 01:15:05,040
The music in our head
1126
01:15:05,040 --> 01:15:07,800
can finally be
heard by others.
1127
01:15:09,520 --> 01:15:10,640
[pigeon cooing]
1128
01:15:16,000 --> 01:15:18,880
[whooshing echoing]
1129
01:15:29,800 --> 01:15:31,600
We were, in a way,
1130
01:15:31,600 --> 01:15:33,800
trying to make a
bit of a revolution,
1131
01:15:33,800 --> 01:15:35,200
but I don't think we
would have put it
1132
01:15:35,200 --> 01:15:36,640
in such grandiose terms.
1133
01:15:36,640 --> 01:15:38,800
We were trying to put music
1134
01:15:38,800 --> 01:15:40,200
back in touch with itself.
1135
01:15:42,240 --> 01:15:44,840
1136
01:15:47,280 --> 01:15:48,880
And...
1137
01:15:48,880 --> 01:15:51,120
1138
01:15:51,160 --> 01:15:54,440
Okay,
and this has to go here.
1139
01:15:54,440 --> 01:15:56,040
This is here.
1140
01:15:56,040 --> 01:15:57,120
This is...
1141
01:16:01,040 --> 01:16:03,960
1142
01:16:16,240 --> 01:16:20,800
There were really no role
models for female composers
1143
01:16:20,800 --> 01:16:23,000
when I studied music.
1144
01:16:23,000 --> 01:16:24,200
1145
01:16:24,240 --> 01:16:27,120
Overall, we are incrementally
1146
01:16:27,160 --> 01:16:28,880
getting more visibility,
1147
01:16:28,880 --> 01:16:31,360
but it's two steps forward
and one step back.
1148
01:16:34,800 --> 01:16:36,960
And to this day
it kind of irks me
1149
01:16:36,960 --> 01:16:40,080
that when I turn on my
favorite radio station,
1150
01:16:40,080 --> 01:16:42,560
it's just the male parade.
1151
01:16:42,560 --> 01:16:46,800
1152
01:16:57,920 --> 01:17:01,160
It is odd that
electronic music,
1153
01:17:01,160 --> 01:17:04,360
it's generally considered
a man's field.
1154
01:17:05,760 --> 01:17:09,560
Women have been
so formative in it.
1155
01:17:11,640 --> 01:17:15,480
1156
01:17:19,840 --> 01:17:22,600
There has to be a complete
change of consciousness
1157
01:17:22,600 --> 01:17:24,960
throughout the
musical field,
1158
01:17:24,960 --> 01:17:28,080
where they could begin to
teach music that's written
1159
01:17:28,080 --> 01:17:31,000
by women, as well as men,
1160
01:17:31,000 --> 01:17:32,880
as well as of all colors,
1161
01:17:32,880 --> 01:17:34,800
and it would effect
a great change.
1162
01:17:38,360 --> 01:17:42,560
Listening is the basis of
creativity and culture.
1163
01:17:42,600 --> 01:17:46,680
How you're listening is and
how you develop a culture.
1164
01:17:47,960 --> 01:17:50,960
And how a community
of people listen
1165
01:17:50,960 --> 01:17:53,240
is what creates
their culture.
1166
01:18:01,720 --> 01:18:06,720
1167
01:19:20,360 --> 01:19:25,360
1168
01:19:28,240 --> 01:19:30,320
It's quite reassuring
to realize that
1169
01:19:30,320 --> 01:19:35,080
I wasn't the only woman making
strange electronic music.
1170
01:19:35,120 --> 01:19:37,920
What relates
all of these women
1171
01:19:37,920 --> 01:19:40,560
is this DIY thing.
1172
01:19:40,560 --> 01:19:42,760
And DIY is interesting
because it doesn't mean that
1173
01:19:42,760 --> 01:19:46,200
you've explicitly, voluntarily
chosen to do it yourself.
1174
01:19:46,200 --> 01:19:49,160
It's that there are
certain barriers in place
1175
01:19:49,160 --> 01:19:51,240
that don't allow
you to do anything.
1176
01:19:54,880 --> 01:19:57,400
If you don't have the visual
1177
01:19:57,400 --> 01:19:59,000
or the knowledge
1178
01:19:59,000 --> 01:20:01,440
of there being any people
1179
01:20:01,440 --> 01:20:03,480
in the area of work
1180
01:20:03,480 --> 01:20:05,560
that you're interested
in that are similar to you,
1181
01:20:05,600 --> 01:20:09,200
then you don't think
that it's possible for you.
1182
01:20:12,080 --> 01:20:15,160
There is something
psychological that happens
1183
01:20:15,160 --> 01:20:17,600
when you can
see yourself in the people
1184
01:20:17,600 --> 01:20:19,120
who are being celebrated.
1185
01:20:46,280 --> 01:20:48,480
[exhales]
1186
01:21:08,880 --> 01:21:13,600
1187
01:21:19,160 --> 01:21:21,920
Your eyes are set on stun
1188
01:21:21,960 --> 01:21:24,280
You are hotter than the sun
1189
01:21:24,280 --> 01:21:26,040
I love to see you shine
1190
01:21:26,040 --> 01:21:30,320
Because you really
blow my mind
1191
01:21:33,840 --> 01:21:35,680
Your heart beats like a drum
1192
01:21:35,720 --> 01:21:37,600
It hammers when you're gone
1193
01:21:37,600 --> 01:21:39,800
The terms with you
and me are up
1194
01:21:39,800 --> 01:21:41,400
Set us free
1195
01:21:43,440 --> 01:21:46,440
Synthesize me
1196
01:21:46,440 --> 01:21:49,480
Hypnotize me
1197
01:21:49,480 --> 01:21:52,920
Humanize me
1198
01:21:52,920 --> 01:21:55,960
Energize me
1199
01:21:55,960 --> 01:21:59,200
Synthesize me
1200
01:21:59,200 --> 01:22:02,360
Hypnotize me
1201
01:22:02,360 --> 01:22:05,200
Humanize me
1202
01:22:05,200 --> 01:22:08,240
Energize me
1203
01:22:19,040 --> 01:22:21,640
Your eyes are set on stun
1204
01:22:21,680 --> 01:22:24,240
You are hotter than the sun
1205
01:22:24,240 --> 01:22:26,200
I love to see you shine
1206
01:22:26,200 --> 01:22:30,320
Because you really
blow my mind
1207
01:22:34,120 --> 01:22:35,680
Your heart beats like a drum
1208
01:22:35,720 --> 01:22:37,560
It hammers when you're gone
1209
01:22:37,560 --> 01:22:39,880
The terms with you
and me are up
1210
01:22:39,880 --> 01:22:43,440
Set us free
1211
01:22:43,440 --> 01:22:46,280
Synthesize me
1212
01:22:46,280 --> 01:22:49,520
Hypnotize me
1213
01:22:49,520 --> 01:22:52,480
Humanize me
1214
01:22:52,480 --> 01:22:56,160
Energize me
1215
01:22:56,160 --> 01:22:59,040
Synthesize me
1216
01:22:59,040 --> 01:23:02,480
Hypnotize me
1217
01:23:02,480 --> 01:23:05,440
Humanize me
1218
01:23:05,440 --> 01:23:08,040
Energize me
1219
01:23:25,840 --> 01:23:28,280
I've seen
the rings of Saturn
1220
01:23:28,280 --> 01:23:31,680
And the craters on the moon
1221
01:23:31,680 --> 01:23:35,000
Oceans of Venus
in the middle of June
1222
01:23:36,920 --> 01:23:41,280
Mirrors of Mercury
and Mars' electric skies
1223
01:23:43,240 --> 01:23:46,840
Pearls of Neptune
in Jupiter's eyes
1224
01:23:49,600 --> 01:23:54,320
I heard the old man
who plays the lake
1225
01:23:54,320 --> 01:23:59,080
Amazing things will make
you want to shake
1226
01:24:06,560 --> 01:24:11,480
A strange planet a
zillion lightyears away
1227
01:24:13,200 --> 01:24:17,840
Through a black hole
across the Milky Way
1228
01:24:22,480 --> 01:24:25,280
1229
01:24:25,280 --> 01:24:28,280
Synthesize me
1230
01:24:28,280 --> 01:24:31,560
Hypnotize me
1231
01:24:31,560 --> 01:24:34,400
Humanize me
1232
01:24:34,400 --> 01:24:37,640
Energize me
1233
01:24:37,640 --> 01:24:40,720
Synthesize me
1234
01:24:40,720 --> 01:24:44,280
Hypnotize me
1235
01:24:44,280 --> 01:24:47,200
Humanize me
1236
01:24:47,200 --> 01:24:50,560
Energize me
1237
01:24:50,600 --> 01:24:53,240
Don't patronize me
1238
01:24:53,240 --> 01:24:56,160
Don't glamorize me
1239
01:24:56,200 --> 01:24:59,560
Don't paralyze me
1240
01:24:59,600 --> 01:25:02,880
You can't surprise me
1241
01:25:02,920 --> 01:25:06,200
Harmonize me
1242
01:25:06,240 --> 01:25:09,200
Mesmerize me
1243
01:25:09,240 --> 01:25:12,200
Solarize me
1244
01:25:12,200 --> 01:25:14,960
Synchronize me
1245
01:25:18,320 --> 01:25:23,200
Synthesize me
152210
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