All language subtitles for Explained.S01E08.eSports.720p.NF.WEB-DL

[dragon snarling]

[roars]

[narrator]
Spoiler: this dragon isn't real,

but this stadium is.

This is the opening ceremony at the
League of Legends World Championship

in Beijing, China.

This is a Dota 2 tournament
in Seattle, Washington.

And this is the Counter-Strike Global
Offensive final held in Katowice, Poland.

-173,000 people went.
-[audience chanting indistinctly]

League of Legends, Dota 2, Counter-Strike,
these are all video games,

the kind that, 20 years ago,
most people would just play at home.

Today, eSports, that’s electronic sports,

is a global phenomenon.

In 2017,
60 million people around the world

watched the League of Legends finals.

In 2018, Luxor, the Las Vegas casino,

dedicated an entire new space
to eSports and gaming.

All of this is for playing video games.

-[announcer shouts indistinctly]
-[cheering]

[narrator] But where exactly
does eSports fit in?

eSports players are nerds.

If you don't break a sweat,
I don't consider it a sport.

Let's talk about the 20 million people
who are watching the damn thing.

They gotta be crazier than
the ones playing.

[narrator]
So, how are these sports different?

And how did eSports become a phenomenon?

[theme music plays]

[crowd chanting indistinctly]

[cheering]

[man] We're ready for some
Rocket League action, are you ready?

[cheering]

[man 2] There's too much! Too many!
There's no stopping Rogue now!

-[announcer shouts indistinctly]
-[loud cheering]

[man]
I literally went from player to caster,

based off a suggestion
of one of my teammates

because he thought me yelling at him

was entertaining and good

and that I should do commentary,

and that was it.

There's technically hundreds
of disciplines

that exist in the world of eSports.

But I think you can actually bucket them
into some very specific categories.

First Person Shooters, or FPS,
would be the first one.

Real time strategy: that requires you
to have an incredible mind.

But also, it requires you to be
incredibly fast with your hands.

Then you've got MOBAs.

That is typically a team of five

that are getting together
to complete a certain goal.

Usually that goal is going into someone
else's house and completely destroying it.

And then you've got
sort of an emerging category,

which would be considered
the Battle Royale category.

The idea is that 100 people drop in and
only one come out or one team comes out.

[narrator]
Fighting Games are a force in tournaments.

And some games
are difficult to categorize,

like Rocket League,

which is best described as
"competitive soccer driving..."

Starcraft is like if chess and symphony

were like, to get together
and Starcraft popped out.

My favorite eSports game to play
is Dota 2,

like basketball and chess,
but on steroids.

League of Legends is kind of like soccer,

except there's towers and dragons

and a forest and monsters.

Yeah, it's nothing like soccer.

[narrator] They're all video games,

but the rules and techniques involved
in playing them

are as different
as basketball and croquet.

So players usually specialize
and compete in tournaments and leagues

specific to their game.

That's why eSports is plural.

And while eSports is pretty new,

competitive gaming isn't.

The American story in particular is a
microcosm for how all eSports developed

and how they're starting to change.

The video game company Atari

made this infomercial in 1982

to try to convince people
that video arcades

were wholesome fun.

I think they're neat.
That's what I do in my spare time.

You could claim that Atari's
1972 invention of Pong started eSports.

That would be a dumb claim.

But as the first blockbuster video game,

Pong was the start of a competitive
arcade culture.

In the early '80s, TV shows like Starcade
introduced competitive gaming

to a wider audience.

But a glut of home gaming consoles
caused the industry to crash in 1983,

as gaming moved into people's homes.

It took one influential genre
to keep the fighting spirit alive.

[game chimes]

Fighting games, to me, will always have
that special place in my heart as

"you're the real OGs."

Some of the true early moments of eSports

were hands down in
the fighting game community.

This is legendary shit where so-and-so
from So Cal

heard about the skills of so-and-so
from Nor Cal,

and they arranged a meeting
to get together at Funland.

[man]
FGC stands for Fighting Game Community.

We were the first ones to the pool
on competitive gaming.

In the arcade days, there was definitely
something to be said about when

you would show up and you would see
black kids sitting next to Asian kids

sitting next to white kids
and Latino kids,

just playing the same game,
all talking to each other.

Probably don't know each other's names,
but they know they play the same game.

And that was the common bond.

[narrator] In 1997, there was
a turning point between arcade play

and the future in online gaming.

It happened when eSports found a legend.

['80s electronic music playing]

One of the best of them is the gamer named
"Thresh." His real name is Dennis Fong.

-How you doing, Dennis?
-How you doing, Stewart?

Thresh is a god.

[dramatic choral music playing]

He is accurate.

He would surprise you.

He would know what you were going to do
before you could do it.

You could be scared of this guy
by watching him play.

My name is Dennis Fong
and I'm also known as Thresh.

There was a period where this guy
was unbeatable.

I've basically never lost a tournament.

He was the Michael Jordan.

The one that everyone wanted to beat,

that everyone wanted to be,
and that everyone looked up to.

I was, uh, on a 2400 baud modem
for most my Quake career.

[dial-up screeching]

I was a modem player going up against
people that were playing on a network

and I was crushing them.

[narrator] Thresh pulled moves
that people had never seen before.

His strategies are now standard
in first-person shooter games.

Other people just reacted to the game
and mashed buttons,

while Thresh controlled the field.

Like here, where instead of just
chasing his opponent for a kill,

he snags some armor to keep it from him.

[Thresh] If you have to use your reflexes,

you probably did something wrong
that led up to that.

[narrator] In 1997, Thresh was
already famous amongst gamers,

but a big tournament took him mainstream.

There was a Ferrari
as the first-place prize,

and it was actually put up
by John Carmack, who created Quake.

His Ferraris were not normal Ferraris.

He would invest hundreds of thousands
of dollars to soup them up.

Under the hood,
it was basically like a rocket.

And I remember, at that moment,

when I had realized
I had the game locked up, I had won,

I remember looking in the monitor and
for the first time in the whole tournament

I actually noticed that the Ferrari
was sitting right behind me

in the reflection of the monitor.

I actually didn't know how to drive stick.

[chuckles]

No, I did learn in the first day
that I got it.

[narrator] That prize was a big deal

and put eSports on the front page
of The Wall Street Journal.

Still, it was just
one developer's giveaway.

But as broadband adoption increased
in the US and worldwide,

faster connection speeds made it easier
to play and watch games,

setting the stage for
a sustainable eSports industry.

[man speaks indistinctly to crowd]

[narrator] This game is part of

the North American League
Championship Series, or NALCS.

League of Legends,
one of the most popular eSports,

has its own league
that feels a lot like the NBA.

Across a range of leagues, players have
earned anything from tournament prizes

to millions a year in fees
and endorsements.

Throughout eSports, money is starting
to flow to companies and players.

This chart

shows the 25 biggest tournament
prize packages in eSports history.

That top right dot?

That’s almost $25 million.

Game makers like Riot and Blizzard
supplement tournaments with leagues.

And even the NBA has partnered to create
its own eSports league.

In a lot of leagues,
teams like Cloud9 are typical:

fielding separate squads in many different
types of games, all under the same name.

Imagine if the Lakers had a team
that played in the NBA,

and other teams that played hockey,
football, and poker and...

you get the idea.

[intro music plays]

[narrator] eSports seems different
from sports like basketball in one way:

they aren't as obviously physical.

But if physical exertion makes a sport,

what's the bar?

Is racing a sport?

Or is chess a sport?

The sports network ESPN broadcasts all of these.

The only thing everyone agrees on
is that a sport involves a challenge

with a score at the end.

For the sports industry,
the question "what is a sport"

isn't philosophical.

It's business.

Those are young, uh,
predominantly male consumers

and that's what matters to us,
and so we entered the business...

[narrator] But there is something
truly different about eSports.

A professional sport like basketball

has a lot of different stakeholders.

But some eSports are controlled by
just one company.

These are the true warriors of our team.

These are custom-made boxes that contain
all of the equipment that we need

to go and do a big show
anywhere in the globe.

LAX to Vancouver, right here.

Boston to Wüjang.
I think that's a pretty common flight.

Oh, I missed this. We have a sweet
Riot Games Brazil tag.

That's a cool tag.

We are basketball, we are the NBA,
and we are ESPN a little bit.

And so the role that Riot plays in the
development of League of Legends eSports

is kind of unpreced--

[narrator] Wait, let's go back.

We are basketball, we are the NBA,
and we are ESPN a little bit.

[narrator] Gamemakers like Riot

are building a cutting-edge model
for professional sports

where they control
every aspect of the game.

We're the ones producing the broadcast

and we're the ones
shipping that broadcast out

to be consumed by the end viewer.
So we're also ESPN in that regard.

[man] My job is a shout caster

and I am either
calling the action in the game

or I'm the person
who's on the desk afterwards

who's then explaining the game again,
but from further away.

eSports storylines, I think,
in a lot of ways,

are easier to craft
than sports storylines,

because eSports personalities are much
more accessible than sports personalities.

You look at an NFL game,
they play on the field with helmets

and you maybe hear from two of them
in the post-game interview,

whereas, eSports, you have all the guys
right in front of you on stage.

A lot of them stream online

for hours after games, where they're just
interacting with the fans constantly.

So their stories are way more present,
and storylines are super important.

[narrator] But game companies
don't just cover their own matches,

they organize them too.

You know, the NBA takes an
existing sport, basketball,

and organizes the competitive play of it.

And that's their whole responsibility.
They market against it.

We do that as well.

The role models that we looked to
were the other major sports in the world.

So I actually downloaded
the operating manuals or the rule books

for the top 50 sports in the world.

Everything from cricket to darts
to the UFC to the World Series of Poker,

to the traditional sports: soccer,
basketball, baseball, football, hockey,

and read them all.

[narrator]
Now, Riot has stuff like a penalty index,

with a $500 fine for removing
your headset too quickly.

But the biggest difference between
traditional sports and eSports

is that a company actually owns the game.

And it can change the rules
with just a click.

Imagine this basketball player could shift
from six feet tall to eight.

Imagine the hoop itself could change,

or if there were suddenly
a second basketball.

And imagine how that would change the
strategy and the way the game is played.

In eSports, adapting to changes
is key to the game.

I'm in charge, ultimately, of game design,

so whether we make a bad champion
or the game is not balanced,

it's ultimately my fault.

[narrator]
Designers use data and issue patches

to completely change characters and rules.

If a certain character
or a certain strategy

has become too dominant or has fallen off,

we make adjustments to that character
to kind of keep them relevant.

We refer to buffing and nerfing

as changing the stats in the game.

So if you have a champion you like
and we nerf that champion,

we’re making it weaker,
lowering their power.

And buffing is the opposite.

"Nerfing" originally came from
the idea of Nerf guns, like,

the champion is so weak now
that it can’t do real damage,

it’s firing Nerf weapons
instead of actual weapons.

[narrator] Riot even designs
the characters to play differently

for players with different skill levels.

Among the stats we look at, one of
the most important stats is win rate.

Like, win rate for Garen starts at, say,
something like 52% at the lower tiers.

[narrator] New players
have a good win rate with Garen.

They win in a lot of fights, usually
because they're playing other new players.

When they start playing better players,
his tricks don't work, and he fails.

As a new league player, you learn
that you can hide in the plants

where no one can see you,
then you jump out, spin your sword around,

and you can get a lot of kills that way.

Any experienced player knows that trick

and won’t fall for it and knows
how to stop Garen in his tracks.

You compare that to a champion
like Twisted Fate,

you can see his win rate starts out
much lower than Garen’s,

but at high tiers of play,
he can really start to come into his own.

[narrator] So, players have to adapt
as they get better at playing

and as the game itself gets tweaked.

In League of Legends,
all that happens every two weeks.

People say that
"eSports is just pressing buttons."

eSports is just pressing buttons in the
same way that chess is just a board game

or soccer is just kicking a ball around.

If you think about what your favorite
parts of sports, is the spectatorship

and the competition

and the ability to be able to cheer
and how it gets your heart pumping

and like how it's entertaining to watch.

So eSports has all of that.

The best moment in an eSports game
is the clutch moment.

It's one guy on one team
and four guys on the other.

And it's this...

insanely tense moment.

No one's breathing, no one's moving.

Everyone's just watching,
trying to see what this guy does.

[Fields] It's a whole generation of people
after generation of people

getting together
and enjoying fake violence.

Now, when you say it like that
it sounds weird as hell, right?

Like a cult or something.
But it's no different than, like,

MMA and soccer and basketball.

The only difference is that you can play
fighting games forever.

Gotta stop playing soccer eventually
'cause your knees'll go out.

[narrator] By 2020, 300 million people
will watch eSports online.

As more game makers realize eSports
is key to their success,

more stakeholders see an opportunity

and more players turn into fans.

Almost definitely,
it's going to be in the Olympics.

I think as a professional sport,
it'll probably be...

the second biggest sport in the world
behind soccer. I do come from an era where
there wasn't regular work,

there wasn't big payouts and streaming,
sponsors weren't necessarily buying in.

I don't get salty when I think about now
people are playing for $18 million purses.

I'm fucking happy.
I am so stoked because we made it.

[cheering]

It's so awesome that it continues to grow.

The future is bright,

and all of that time spent
was worth every second.