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okay

socialism round three by cracky this has

been a long time coming okay so we left

it with social democracy and we now pick

up the baton in 1994 perhaps yeah 1994

when we had two things happen first of

all we had Bill Clinton elected in the

United States and we also had Tony Blair

take control of the Labor Party in the

United Kingdom and between the two of

them was defined the third way now in

order to understand the the third way we

need to go back we need to go back we

need to look at social democracy we need

to look at what such did with her

neoliberalism and have that infused the

third way it will help tremendously if

you've looked at my previous videos on

parties in the UK where I go through all

of these and I will link off to that in

the footnotes if I remember shouldn't

forget that okay so social democracy we

start with a fairly simple situation we

have got the rich the well-off and the

poor and obviously that is not a healthy

position for the society so keen says

well in order to make this better what

we need to do we need to sort out well

pretty much everything we've got this

big problem the poor are starving and we

have this huge level of social

inequality that's not good for business

so what we're going to do my business I

mean society and actually the economy so

what Keynes does he says we're going to

take a lot from you and we're going to

take a bit from you and we're going to

give it or at least some of it to you

and at the same time we're not just

going to give you a handout world

to make various social reform we're

gonna make various economic reforms and

that's pretty much it

well okay that's worked until about 1979

when everything changed this has been

neoliberal theory took over and we start

from the same premise we've got the wife

we've got the well-off forgot the poor

but then we change things you look this

is not really a very effective way of

managing societies a lot of work for

government trying to reorganize this

trying to take money from you and give

it to you and how much is the right

amount and what happens when we give it

to you and you know by the time we give

it to you then that changes we've got to

do something else and this is not

working so let's try something else

and the neoliberal theory was very very

simple it's about what we need here is a

growing economy if we've got economic

growth then we're creating a position

whereby of so people can sort themselves

out so if we have growth you can go for

the time being then we take our poor and

the economy's grown so they are no

longer as poor as they were and the

well-off their world their even better

off and the wealthier well they're

wealthier still now within this we have

got rising income inequality but we're

genuinely not worried about that what

we're impressed by is the fact that

these guys have gone from there to there

and these guys have gone from here to

here and these guys have gone from it is

they're sorting themselves out so all is

well

according to neoliberal theory if people

are sorting themselves out then they're

going to be maximizing their utility in

in the economy the economy is going to

be great they're gonna be making

reasonable choices about what they want

to do and if they're all good little

capitalists out there then our society

is gonna be formed of good little

capitalists and it's going to be

homogeneous and they're all going to be

working together we're going to have a

sort of atomistic empathy so everyone's

good little capitalists were all the

same and everything's great except

everything is not great Blair came in in

1994 he ultimately won power in 1997 and

he said look we have gold growth okay we

accept that these guys are doing better

off and these guys are better off and

these guys are fabulously better off but

look at this

these guys are still

below the bread line that means that

they're not really capitalist they

haven't got any capital we need to get

these very very cool people off the

bottom of the well they'll still be on

the bottom of the ladder but we can't

have them below the poverty line because

if they're below the poverty line then

they're really not in a position to

benefit from capitalism new labor

economic theory says look capitalism is

a good thing and we need to get

everybody on board so rather than saying

look everyone's better off of rising

tide lifts all boats we can do better

than that says new labour and what we're

going to do is we're going to take the

port and we're gonna lift them out of

absolute poverty we have to somehow get

these guns across the bread line thus

and that is exactly what Blair did and

that meant that these characters the

poor along with everybody else was now

enjoying a meaningful participation in a

capitalist society capitalism being a

good thing in this doctrine that

everybody is working really really hard

everybody is everybody is now in a

position to make meaningful choices

about what they want to do so at this

point you're probably saying we'll hang

on a second that just sounds like fat

tourism or neoliberalism and to a

certain extent you're right look we're

not concerned about relative income

we're not concerned about reducing the

income gap what we're interested in is

just creating people who can benefit

from society here so there's a

difference there between capitalism and

between the Thatcherism and Blair ISM or

between new and new labor the third way

sorry and neoliberalism but it wasn't

just that again this benefits a lot if

you have if you have an understanding of

Thatcherism and neil neoliberalism but

let's put it this way okay neoliberalism

is all about going for growth we have

economic neoliberalism we are embracing

these packages here that are there to

deliver growth and we're looking to

create a capitalist society so we have a

stability through common aspirations and

common values if everybody's a

capitalist then everybody is on the same

page

we have social stability as well as

economic stability and of course if

we've got growth and everyone's doing

better and the society should be getting

stronger just as the economy gets

stronger now that's all well and good

but for Blair he had two problems first

of all he had to differentiate himself

from Thatcherism and he had to deal with

those people who were excluded from

society

oh sorry excluded from capitalist

society and so he came up with two

principle ideas the first was social

justice now it says social justice on

the tip but in reality it's more package

of economic reforms these were designed

to lift the very very poor out of

poverty now we're not looking at

redistribution here we're not saying

look hey I have some money so now you're

not so poor the point was about making

capitalism work for them making work

accessible and work viable so in other

words if you were prevented from getting

a job not because you didn't want a job

but because getting a job would have

meant you couldn't afford to pay your

family or child care or whatever it be

so feed your family or child care then

this is what they were seeking to do and

we have a series of packages the three

that you really need to know about sure

start tax credit and minimum wage these

are not about giving you handouts

they're about and allowing you to get on

to the carousel get on to the big party

wagon that is capitalism so you can

start making meaningful life choices we

are here looking at a wholesale

rejection of social democracy we're not

looking at the government as a

reallocating mechanism of taking from

the rich and giving to the poor here

we're trying to make sure that everybody

is rich this is a hand up not a handout

so this is not welfare as understood by

your Social Democrats rather it's a way

of dismantling institutional barriers

that prevent the very very poor from

benefiting from capitalism so here's a

big departure not just from social

democracy although it is but also from

neoliberalism pure hardcore

neoliberalism you know you're saying

that there are social certain

institutional barriers that prevent the

very very poor from accessing capitalism

let's sort those out we're not just

giving them money we're allowing them to

get a job because that of course will

mean that they are now part of our big

capitalist society and then in addition

to that where that

and the neoliberals neo-cons sorry had

sought to achieve a more homogeneous

society in the case of neoliberalism we

sought to so in the case of new labor it

was more an argument along the lines of

pluralism and diversity if everybody's

different then everybody's the same so

we can achieve social unity through the

mechanism of multiculturalism and here

we had the proliferation of faith

schools when there appeared force 28

civil partnerships and lots of stuff

that was designed to encourage pluralism

and diversity were much more remember

that it was it was Blair who allowed

unlimited entry unlimited migration from

the European Union so you know he's very

much case of inclusion of pluralism and

diversity and that again was a

differentiation from Thatcher so we have

economic differentiation and societal

differentiation but again at the same

time we have a degree of continuity we

have growth we have capitalism but we

add to that pluralism and diversity and

social justice and in so doing blair was

able to correct what he perceived to be

the problems with Thatcherism while

simultaneously establishing some sort of

differentiation between himself and

capitalism to placate the more

intransigent left-wing elements of the

labor party who obviously made their

presence felt throughout the rest of his

administration so what does that mean

for you in terms of the third way we

accept that the market is more efficient

than the state in terms of economics and

services in terms of generating growth

and indeed of delivering services like

schools and hospitals and so on this is

where Blair came in with PFI and vastly

expanded the provision of private

services the state changed subtly I'll

explain that in a second the idea that

the government can't engineer improved

outcomes what it can do is create the

environment in which the individual can

improve themselves

we embrace capitalism a rising tide

lifts all boats and the government's

role becomes about ensuring access to

capital is I'm not trying to mitigate

capitis I'm not trying to take the edges

of capitalism but rather to ensure that

everybody can join the party

so not just sort of turning the music

down and so

come on lose every was something you're

having too much fun and they're not

having enough fun it's like come on

everybody have fun and those who were

locked out are encouraged to come and

join the party in terms of service

provision we're looking at the

government being a guarantor of service

and a broker of services rather

necessarily than the provider of the

services that themselves and we see that

in the building of hospitals and schools

and those them being leased back to the

states and Lea academies and all of that

sort of stuff so we're seeing service

provision being taken missus safe rum

the sole provision of the state and

we're getting the private sector

involved instead we're using capitalism

as a homogenizing force but all team

also multiculturalism the idea that

where everyone's different then we're

all the same and again I think I

mentioned earlier that I wrote an

article in politics review where we look

at and when we look at nationalism in

the state and I talked a little bit

about Indonesia and the way in which

Indonesia adopted multiculturalism

almost counter-intuitively

as a homogenizing force panca sylia it's

called unity through diversity or

anything gobber's belong like bajas is

very rustic the Americans did it as well

with explore and pluribus unum so what

we're looking at there is that now in

terms of equality yes we're looking at

moral value we're looking at equality of

opportunity but what we're really

looking at here is Universal choice that

everybody should have a choice and we're

using choice as a way of improving

services I'm running out of time I

didn't expect to spend quite so much

time on this we're looking at reform

systems with the individual forget

empathy embrace selfishness that is the

neoliberal mantra we're seeing a schism

there as we move from one form of

socialism to the next the third way it

really doesn't have anything in common

with social democracy at all again we're

looking at a revised version of the

state the state is not there to provide

but rather to guarantee that the citizen

can access what they want in the market

they are a guarantor of services they

ensure fair play and equal access again

everybody should be able to access the

benefits of capitalism in terms of

social organization we recognize that

society is a collection of autonomous

individuals but we recognize also

that it's about including everybody in

that big picture it doesn't matter what

you are you could be gay and be straight

you can be he'll be LGBTQ or X musical

you know what I mean

it doesn't matter we're not excluding

anybody from that particular party and

the same along race the same long

religions it's all about inclusion and

through diversity we achieve unity the

economy it's all about capitalism a

rising tide lifts all boats but again

the key issue there is that the

government's role is to ensure that all

have access to the benefits of

capitalism good I'm sure you'll be able

to go back think about this pulls in and

have a good look at it the other thing

is you don't have to worry about prep

because you know in my class I've done

it for you I'm gonna sign off at this

point I'm going to put up the notes on

the thinker's I hope you've enjoyed

these videos I hope they're helpful if

they're not let me know how I can make

them more helpful and if you did find

them helpful the Marines please tell

your friends remember that I can do

these things for you I can also do

online tutorials if that's the sort of

thing in which you're interested in just

drop me a line but most of all use these

videos I hope they are helpful they're

designed to be so and good luck in your

exams see you on soon I hope next up

some videos on ecologist everybody loves

that don't absolutely see you

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