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Fatu... Come on, guy.
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Here.
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These are the last two
northern white rhinos on earth.
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Their names are Najin and Fatu.
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Hi, hi. Good Girl.
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She loves to be stroked
behind the ears and, um...
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...under the belly also,
just like here.
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Yeah, I've had her for 15 years,
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so we are
good friends.
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Good girl, Najin.
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But because of human failure,
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human greed, the result is
just only the two we have.
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Najin, she's 31 years old.
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That is like about six
years in human lifetime.
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And her daughter,
she's 20 years.
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So they are mother
and daughter,
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watching each other get
older every day with no new
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00:02:58,929 --> 00:03:01,431
babies to teach and care for.
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{\an8}Hi, Fatu. Hi, Fatu.
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She's had some good
mud baths, it looks like.
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00:03:20,450 --> 00:03:22,285
In the early 1900s,
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there were thousands
of northern white rhinos
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roaming the plains
of Central Africa.
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But due to poaching,
that number was down to only
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00:03:32,003 --> 00:03:34,047
15 by the 1980s.
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00:03:36,716 --> 00:03:39,970
Today, there are only
these last two females left.
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00:03:44,307 --> 00:03:47,060
I've been following this
story for over 15 years,
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00:03:48,311 --> 00:03:52,023
documenting a team called
BioRescue as they attempt a new
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00:03:52,107 --> 00:03:56,695
scientific procedure to save
the northern white rhino here
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on a protected
preserve in Kenya.
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{\an8}- You see the young
21-year-old female and then
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00:04:05,412 --> 00:04:07,372
{\an8}the 32-year-old female.
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{\an8}So it's a clear
difference in body shape.
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We have a clock ticking on
us always with this project.
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00:04:17,757 --> 00:04:20,927
The last two northern
white rhinos are getting old.
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00:04:21,303 --> 00:04:22,929
They will not be here forever.
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00:04:23,722 --> 00:04:26,183
The males are already gone.
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00:04:26,266 --> 00:04:27,934
There's no natural
breeding anymore.
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00:04:29,060 --> 00:04:31,646
The only chance
would be via IVF.
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00:04:35,108 --> 00:04:38,361
IVF is a reproductive
procedure where eggs and sperm
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are combined in a laboratory.
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The embryo is then implanted
into the uterus of the mother
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00:04:46,620 --> 00:04:48,371
to grow into a baby.
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{\an8}But IVF in a rhino has
never been done before.
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The first step is
collecting oocytes, or eggs,
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from the last living
northern white rhinos.
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00:05:05,472 --> 00:05:07,891
That's what the scientists
will attempt to do tomorrow.
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00:05:09,935 --> 00:05:12,395
She's beautiful.
Beautiful lady.
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00:05:13,772 --> 00:05:16,149
And hopefully you
will have a baby soon.
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00:05:23,031 --> 00:05:25,200
We are scientists
doing a procedure which was
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00:05:25,283 --> 00:05:26,993
never done before.
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00:05:27,077 --> 00:05:30,205
And if we fail, then the
northern white rhino is gone.
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And that is on our shoulders.
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00:05:35,669 --> 00:05:39,214
My colleagues and I have poured
our life into this project,
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so tomorrow is a very big day.
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The night before
the ovum pick-up is
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00:06:01,194 --> 00:06:03,530
always quite challenging.
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00:06:04,239 --> 00:06:06,575
You have all these
ideas what can go wrong.
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If we make a mistake,
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00:06:08,994 --> 00:06:11,788
it can have such
consequences that
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there is an internal bleeding,
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there is an anesthesia
which is too deep and
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the animal never wakes up again.
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The first thing
we do is to check
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how they're doing.
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We don't want him to be nervous.
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Fatu, come on, Fatu.
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Zacharia, you
can feel his stress.
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He knows what the stakes are.
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This is like his baby.
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Fatu.
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I've looked after
them for 11 years,
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and they do recognize my voice.
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This way. One more. OK.
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OK, wait.
Wait, wait, wait.
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00:07:07,719 --> 00:07:08,970
OK, let her go.
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Back.
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00:07:10,597 --> 00:07:12,932
Yeah, that's fine. That's fine.
Leave her.
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Make sure that she stacks
the horn in the corner.
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That's fine.
Leave her like this.
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Cool, guys.
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The anesthesia is a
really important piece of it.
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This is what Frank does.
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If he doesn't get the
formula exactly right,
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these animals can die.
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Two milligram deto,
100 milligram ketamine.
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00:07:44,381 --> 00:07:45,799
Okay, you can go higher now.
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00:07:52,013 --> 00:07:54,432
These procedures
can be incredibly risky.
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00:07:54,766 --> 00:07:56,851
I mean, can you imagine
a 2,000-pound animal with
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00:07:56,935 --> 00:07:58,311
a horn waking up?
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Oxygen is deep in.
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00:08:05,318 --> 00:08:06,444
We had some accidents.
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00:08:06,528 --> 00:08:10,031
I lost a disc in my backbone
because working with elephants.
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00:08:10,448 --> 00:08:13,159
I broke my collarbone
with a rhino.
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So there's some risk,
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00:08:17,789 --> 00:08:22,001
but we have to know that
our patient is dangerous.
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It's not a teddy bear.
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00:08:25,839 --> 00:08:28,591
But doing this procedure
is for us the only chance.
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00:08:42,856 --> 00:08:45,400
This one, small one.
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There's two, actually.
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Have you seen that?
Next to each other. Yeah.
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Remember that
this ovary is down on the
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lower side, yeah?
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Yeah. Okay.
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00:09:01,332 --> 00:09:02,667
Is this left or right?
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00:09:02,751 --> 00:09:04,377
Left, and
it's on the lower side.
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00:09:04,461 --> 00:09:05,795
Okay.
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00:09:05,879 --> 00:09:09,799
Good.
Good for the kids.
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00:09:10,925 --> 00:09:12,802
Yep. Perfect.
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00:09:13,386 --> 00:09:16,806
Okay guys,
crossed one hour border time.
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00:09:18,391 --> 00:09:20,351
They're keeping
close track of the time.
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You know, they can't
keep her under anesthesia
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for that long.
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Okay, stop. Yep.
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Okay, okay. Very good.
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Okay, let's go.
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At the end, when we
finish the harvest,
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the second phase happens,
and we have to find the oocyte.
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00:09:50,590 --> 00:09:53,968
Searching for the eggs or
oocyte takes place in a form of
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00:09:54,052 --> 00:09:56,012
shipping container,
which gets very hot.
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00:09:56,805 --> 00:09:59,140
And also, it is very
attractive for flies,
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00:09:59,641 --> 00:10:03,394
and you have to focus very
strongly on the microscope.
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00:10:05,522 --> 00:10:08,650
You play with the light and
then suddenly you see this
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00:10:08,733 --> 00:10:11,569
purple light coming out
of a cell and then you know
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00:10:11,653 --> 00:10:13,404
that is what you want.
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00:10:16,366 --> 00:10:17,659
Is that a good one?
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00:10:17,742 --> 00:10:19,661
- Yeah.
- Yeah, it looks good.
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00:10:19,744 --> 00:10:21,121
That is what we do.
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00:10:21,204 --> 00:10:22,872
The reason why we are here.
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This is the beginning
of new life.
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00:10:29,129 --> 00:10:31,756
Robert, 19 oocytes.
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00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:33,466
Yay!
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00:10:35,301 --> 00:10:36,302
Good.
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00:10:36,386 --> 00:10:37,929
Best result ever.
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00:10:38,012 --> 00:10:39,013
Yes!
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00:10:39,097 --> 00:10:40,390
Yep.
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00:10:40,849 --> 00:10:44,769
19 oocytes means 19
potential chances to create
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00:10:44,853 --> 00:10:46,521
new baby northern white rhinos.
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00:10:47,313 --> 00:10:50,608
Your hard work paid off.
She is healthy.
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00:10:52,569 --> 00:10:54,404
We never had such
result before.
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00:10:54,487 --> 00:10:56,739
Never.
The best in any rhino.
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00:10:57,198 --> 00:10:58,908
We are extremely grateful.
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00:10:59,868 --> 00:11:02,162
Okay, now I have to
pack again, sorry.
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00:11:02,871 --> 00:11:03,997
Sorry, that is the second part.
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00:11:04,080 --> 00:11:06,833
Otherwise we miss our
flight and lose our harvest.
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00:11:07,709 --> 00:11:08,960
Okay.
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00:11:14,924 --> 00:11:17,051
As soon as they're done,
it's complete chaos.
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They quickly get all
their suitcases and then
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00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:25,602
whizzed to the airport.
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00:11:26,728 --> 00:11:28,897
Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.
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00:11:31,065 --> 00:11:33,484
It's a race against the
clock to deliver the eggs to
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the lab in Italy
and turn those oocytes
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into viable embryos.
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We have maximum
48-hours after collection
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when the oocyte
needs to be processed.
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Otherwise, the
project will fail.
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00:12:04,015 --> 00:12:07,101
I have been
documenting the story of
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the northern white rhino
since 2009.
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I have probably made 40
trips which I have largely
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00:12:23,368 --> 00:12:28,206
self-funded because this
is one of the most important
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stories of our lifetime.
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My goal is to reach as many
people as possible and inspire
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them to care.
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00:12:44,222 --> 00:12:45,765
Hello!
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00:12:46,641 --> 00:12:48,059
Hello, SLO!
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Oh, thank you.
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00:12:52,063 --> 00:12:53,856
Thank you.
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00:12:53,940 --> 00:12:57,277
Good evening. Wow.
I thank you all for coming out.
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I am so excited to be back here.
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00:12:59,821 --> 00:13:04,617
Back in 2009, I met a
rhinoceros named Sudan
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for the first time.
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00:13:07,495 --> 00:13:11,124
And quite unexpectedly,
this gentle,
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hulking creature changed
the way I see the world.
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I literally felt like I
had just seen a unicorn.
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I was so moved by him, and
I couldn't believe that we,
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humanity, had
reduced them to this.
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00:13:32,603 --> 00:13:35,732
{\an8}The world's last
male northern white rhino
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{\an8}has died.
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{\an8}A wildlife conservancy
in Kenya says the
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00:13:38,985 --> 00:13:41,529
{\an8}45-year-old rhino
named Sudan died from
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{\an8}age-related complications.
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{\an8}Sudan was euthanized
after his condition
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{\an8}worsened significantly.
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00:13:50,413 --> 00:13:53,499
I cared for Sudan
every day for almost 10 years.
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He was so special
because he knew he was so
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strong and so powerful.
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00:14:00,882 --> 00:14:03,468
But I think he also
knew he needed our help.
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00:14:06,137 --> 00:14:09,140
I can still remember the
last day we lost him.
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00:14:10,683 --> 00:14:12,894
Everything stands still.
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00:14:20,068 --> 00:14:21,903
The moment
when Sudan died,
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00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:23,905
the last male
northern white rhino,
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00:14:23,988 --> 00:14:28,493
it was just this realization
that this is what we've done.
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00:14:31,662 --> 00:14:37,794
I only took two frames of that
because I didn't want the sound
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00:14:37,877 --> 00:14:41,506
of my camera to disturb the
sacredness of the moment.
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00:14:44,509 --> 00:14:47,386
And that picture,
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00:14:47,470 --> 00:14:50,598
I never expected
it to be so symbolic.
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00:14:54,685 --> 00:14:59,398
I think people saw it and
recognized it's our last chance.
200
00:15:14,413 --> 00:15:18,376
It was actually Sudan's
death that was a real spark.
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00:15:22,296 --> 00:15:24,715
Everybody began to understand
there's no more time.
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00:15:40,731 --> 00:15:44,026
After the eggs are extracted,
they have to be fertilized
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00:15:44,110 --> 00:15:45,695
within 48 hours.
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00:15:49,073 --> 00:15:52,535
{\an8}Cesare's laboratory is amazing.
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00:15:53,744 --> 00:15:56,330
There's this high-tech
thing going on,
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00:15:56,414 --> 00:16:00,042
but then right outside are
all of these cloned animals.
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00:16:02,336 --> 00:16:05,131
That's where you get
this feeling like, oh,
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00:16:05,214 --> 00:16:07,175
we're playing God here.
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00:16:09,302 --> 00:16:13,472
But this technology means
saving the northern white rhino
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00:16:13,556 --> 00:16:15,016
just might be possible.
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00:16:17,101 --> 00:16:19,353
The eggs will be
fertilized with a sperm which
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00:16:19,437 --> 00:16:21,063
comes from two different bulls.
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00:16:22,315 --> 00:16:26,527
Both are passed away,
one in 2015, one in 2014.
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00:16:27,612 --> 00:16:30,865
It's quite a
challenging operation.
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00:16:34,076 --> 00:16:37,371
The sperm which is
injected will develop into
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00:16:37,455 --> 00:16:43,669
this new cell and then
new life starts to grow.
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00:16:51,260 --> 00:16:54,764
The miracle of life is
something that is so fragile.
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00:16:56,265 --> 00:16:58,434
It can be destroyed so easily.
219
00:17:01,812 --> 00:17:05,191
Rhinos survive for millions
of years against drought,
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00:17:05,691 --> 00:17:08,819
predators, and the
forces of nature.
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00:17:10,446 --> 00:17:11,864
But in just a few decades,
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00:17:11,948 --> 00:17:14,075
humans nearly
wiped them out.
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00:17:15,076 --> 00:17:17,745
Now every day that passes
without a new baby on the
224
00:17:17,828 --> 00:17:21,832
ground is one day closer
to the northern white rhino
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00:17:21,916 --> 00:17:23,918
being gone forever.
226
00:17:25,670 --> 00:17:29,131
So there's always this
clock ticking on us.
227
00:17:29,507 --> 00:17:31,425
And our time is almost up.
228
00:17:36,722 --> 00:17:39,433
This is how we
imagine wildlife roaming the
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00:17:39,517 --> 00:17:40,977
open plains of Africa.
230
00:17:41,519 --> 00:17:44,313
That's not actually what
it's like today for rhinos.
231
00:17:44,897 --> 00:17:46,524
This is what it's like.
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00:17:46,607 --> 00:17:49,318
They have to be guarded
around the clock 24-7 by
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00:17:49,402 --> 00:17:53,114
heavily militarized men
because the value of their horn
234
00:17:53,197 --> 00:17:54,699
is worth more than gold.
235
00:17:57,368 --> 00:18:00,413
They are being
poached to extinction.
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00:18:00,496 --> 00:18:02,873
And it's not just the
northern white rhino.
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00:18:02,957 --> 00:18:06,794
It was just announced
that we have lost 73% of the
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00:18:06,877 --> 00:18:09,088
world's wildlife
in the last 50 years.
239
00:18:09,589 --> 00:18:12,466
I just could not stop
thinking about this.
240
00:18:12,800 --> 00:18:15,761
And I started researching
and reading everything
241
00:18:15,845 --> 00:18:17,179
I could about this story.
242
00:18:17,263 --> 00:18:19,390
I wanted to understand,
what do we do?
243
00:18:19,473 --> 00:18:20,850
Is there hope?
244
00:18:20,933 --> 00:18:22,476
How do we stop this?
245
00:18:22,560 --> 00:18:25,771
And I just started asking
one simple question,
246
00:18:25,855 --> 00:18:28,399
which I could not find
in any of the stories.
247
00:18:28,733 --> 00:18:32,570
What do the people who live
right next to the animals think?
248
00:18:33,738 --> 00:18:35,615
Do they care about them?
249
00:18:36,782 --> 00:18:40,953
And actually, it has led me
down this amazing path of
250
00:18:41,037 --> 00:18:44,290
finding the most extraordinary
people that do care.
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00:18:45,207 --> 00:18:48,544
We can often forget that the
best protectors are those
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00:18:48,628 --> 00:18:51,839
people who are living
alongside the animals.
253
00:18:54,717 --> 00:18:57,053
They are the ones out
there fighting that fight
254
00:18:57,136 --> 00:18:58,929
every single day.
255
00:19:11,400 --> 00:19:14,362
My family lives
in the northern part of Mara.
256
00:19:15,154 --> 00:19:18,616
It can take me like
ten to twelve hours by bus.
257
00:19:19,200 --> 00:19:22,662
It's quite distant.
I do spend most of my time here.
258
00:19:24,622 --> 00:19:28,167
This is Brenda and
this is Yvonne...
259
00:19:28,959 --> 00:19:32,505
They are my two
beautiful daughters.
260
00:19:32,588 --> 00:19:34,924
My last time since I've
been with them is almost
261
00:19:35,007 --> 00:19:36,592
two months now.
262
00:19:38,886 --> 00:19:41,222
Sometimes it's very hard...
263
00:19:42,556 --> 00:19:44,892
but sometimes we
have to accept it.
264
00:19:46,435 --> 00:19:48,688
It's more like
having two families.
265
00:19:49,063 --> 00:19:51,148
I have my immediate
family at home...
266
00:19:51,982 --> 00:19:54,068
and my second
family is the rhino.
267
00:19:55,194 --> 00:19:56,779
And I have to care
for all of them.
268
00:19:59,240 --> 00:20:01,367
The weight is on our shoulders.
269
00:20:01,742 --> 00:20:03,411
And the whole world
is watching us.
270
00:20:16,632 --> 00:20:19,427
There are only two
animals on earth capable of
271
00:20:19,510 --> 00:20:22,388
providing the eggs
needed to make
272
00:20:22,471 --> 00:20:24,640
northern white rhino embryos.
273
00:20:27,977 --> 00:20:30,104
But even that is
in jeopardy now.
274
00:20:43,075 --> 00:20:45,911
We know that she has
issues in her reproductive tract
275
00:20:45,995 --> 00:20:47,163
for a long time.
276
00:20:48,372 --> 00:20:50,082
Everything's done.
277
00:20:50,166 --> 00:20:51,584
All is done?
278
00:20:51,667 --> 00:20:53,210
Everything's done.
279
00:20:57,798 --> 00:21:01,135
She has benign tumors and
potentially malignant tumors
280
00:21:01,218 --> 00:21:03,512
that are in the uterus.
281
00:21:05,765 --> 00:21:07,850
One of these tumors
may even become malignant,
282
00:21:07,933 --> 00:21:09,393
so that's the risk we
don't want to take.
283
00:21:11,645 --> 00:21:14,315
The results of
Nadine's recent health check
284
00:21:14,398 --> 00:21:18,360
shows that sadly she is too
sick to provide any more eggs
285
00:21:18,778 --> 00:21:20,237
to the program.
286
00:21:20,321 --> 00:21:22,990
So the number of new
embryos we can make now rests
287
00:21:23,073 --> 00:21:24,408
solely on Fatu.
288
00:21:28,162 --> 00:21:31,165
The extinction of this
species is on a razor's edge.
289
00:21:32,124 --> 00:21:35,586
Every day that passes is
one day closer to losing the
290
00:21:35,669 --> 00:21:37,797
last northern white
rhinos on Earth.
291
00:21:53,979 --> 00:21:56,690
I remember the
first time I saw a rhino,
292
00:21:57,066 --> 00:21:58,609
it was so exciting.
293
00:22:04,281 --> 00:22:06,951
My father used to
work in Ol Pejeta as a fencer...
294
00:22:07,034 --> 00:22:09,620
and I got to visit when
I was very young...
295
00:22:09,703 --> 00:22:11,080
and that's how I started
building up
296
00:22:11,163 --> 00:22:12,331
being a conservationist.
297
00:22:15,626 --> 00:22:18,337
I want these rhinos
to be here for my daughters.
298
00:22:19,046 --> 00:22:21,215
And for the next generation.
299
00:22:23,384 --> 00:22:25,719
Only five rhino
species remain on Earth.
300
00:22:27,721 --> 00:22:29,765
Three are in Asia,
and two are in Africa.
301
00:22:31,559 --> 00:22:35,145
Losing any of these rhino
species brings us one step
302
00:22:35,229 --> 00:22:38,482
closer to losing
all rhinos forever.
303
00:22:40,234 --> 00:22:43,195
Unfortunately, neither
of the last two surviving
304
00:22:43,279 --> 00:22:45,406
northern white rhinos
305
00:22:45,489 --> 00:22:47,908
are healthy enough
to carry their own pregnancy.
306
00:22:49,201 --> 00:22:51,537
Saving the northern white rhino
depends on scientists
307
00:22:52,413 --> 00:22:55,374
{\an8}using closely related southern
white rhino females as
308
00:22:55,457 --> 00:22:58,836
{\an8}surrogate mothers to carry the
embryos created in the lab to a
309
00:22:58,919 --> 00:23:00,462
{\an8}full-term pregnancy.
310
00:23:02,089 --> 00:23:04,800
{\an8}But none of this has
ever been done before.
311
00:23:04,884 --> 00:23:06,719
{\an8}It's a scientific first.
312
00:23:12,182 --> 00:23:14,768
The best time
to implant a rhino embryo...
313
00:23:14,852 --> 00:23:18,230
is at the peak of the surrogate
female's fertility cycle.
314
00:23:19,356 --> 00:23:22,610
Mating behavior tells us
when this is happening.
315
00:23:23,110 --> 00:23:25,738
Right there are the two
surrogates and the teaser bull.
316
00:23:26,113 --> 00:23:28,657
The one by himself on
the left is the male.
317
00:23:29,575 --> 00:23:31,577
When the teaser
bull starts mating...
318
00:23:31,911 --> 00:23:33,329
we know it's the right
time to do the implantation
319
00:23:33,412 --> 00:23:34,622
of the embryos.
320
00:23:35,539 --> 00:23:37,333
The teaser bull is
a sterilized male...
321
00:23:37,875 --> 00:23:40,377
So he still mates,
but it can't make the
322
00:23:40,461 --> 00:23:42,421
surrogate mothers pregnant.
323
00:23:44,924 --> 00:23:47,343
I think one of the
surrogates is ready...
324
00:23:47,426 --> 00:23:49,511
I can see the male is
just following them behind...
325
00:23:50,763 --> 00:23:52,306
And this is a really good sign.
326
00:23:53,098 --> 00:23:55,059
This tells us that it
is the perfect time to
327
00:23:55,142 --> 00:23:56,769
implant the embryo.
328
00:23:57,561 --> 00:24:00,189
Now my job is to call the
team and tell them to get here
329
00:24:00,272 --> 00:24:02,775
as fast as they can.
330
00:24:05,736 --> 00:24:08,280
We're in Amsterdam.
I'm about to board the plane.
331
00:24:08,948 --> 00:24:11,075
This has been the
most stressful and also
332
00:24:11,158 --> 00:24:13,327
exciting 24 hours.
333
00:24:14,161 --> 00:24:15,162
I got a call.
334
00:24:15,245 --> 00:24:18,415
I was in the middle of
a talk in California,
335
00:24:18,499 --> 00:24:21,418
scrambled to get here,
and it is just so exciting.
336
00:24:28,050 --> 00:24:29,468
We're at the enclosure now.
337
00:24:29,551 --> 00:24:31,762
We're driving up to the
northern white rhinos.
338
00:24:31,845 --> 00:24:34,431
And right next door to them
are the southern white rhinos.
339
00:24:35,891 --> 00:24:37,768
And the sun is coming up.
340
00:24:37,851 --> 00:24:40,771
And there's just so
much anticipation.
341
00:24:43,357 --> 00:24:45,025
Here we are.
342
00:24:52,074 --> 00:24:53,450
Good morning, everyone.
343
00:24:53,534 --> 00:24:56,620
We are extremely proud
to be here today because
344
00:24:56,704 --> 00:24:59,665
it will be the first
time that an embryo from
345
00:24:59,748 --> 00:25:02,751
a rhino source will be
implanted into a wild rhino.
346
00:25:02,835 --> 00:25:04,920
That is a very big step.
347
00:25:05,879 --> 00:25:07,798
50 milligram
butorphanol,
348
00:25:07,881 --> 00:25:10,050
which is five milliliter
from this stuff.
349
00:25:10,759 --> 00:25:15,305
We agreed in a quite
intensive discussion that it
350
00:25:15,389 --> 00:25:17,641
would be more wise to use a
351
00:25:17,725 --> 00:25:19,351
southern white
rhino embryo first.
352
00:25:22,521 --> 00:25:25,107
If the embryo transfer of
our southern white rhino
353
00:25:25,190 --> 00:25:26,942
embryos is successful,
354
00:25:27,026 --> 00:25:29,820
then we would continue with the
northern white rhino embryos.
355
00:25:31,071 --> 00:25:34,116
Everything of these
steps are new ground,
356
00:25:35,534 --> 00:25:39,246
and therefore it is so
important to, to practice.
357
00:25:50,632 --> 00:25:54,094
It's a little bit like
sending a man to the moon,
358
00:25:54,178 --> 00:25:55,929
because as everyone knows,
359
00:25:56,013 --> 00:25:58,599
not all of these missions
were successful.
360
00:25:59,016 --> 00:26:00,184
Okay, let's go.
361
00:26:01,143 --> 00:26:03,187
Okay, good luck.
Good luck.
362
00:26:03,270 --> 00:26:05,731
And don't
miss your shot!
363
00:26:07,983 --> 00:26:09,443
Little prayer?
364
00:26:09,526 --> 00:26:12,446
Yeah, prayer?
Now it's your turn.
365
00:26:13,530 --> 00:26:15,324
I do it inside.
366
00:26:15,407 --> 00:26:17,785
Yeah, I do it inside.
367
00:26:20,287 --> 00:26:21,580
It has to work.
368
00:26:34,718 --> 00:26:36,178
Ready to go?
369
00:26:51,151 --> 00:26:52,694
Can you see
where they are?
370
00:26:54,238 --> 00:26:56,031
Get ready.
She is the one at the back.
371
00:27:08,794 --> 00:27:11,213
You darted?
Yes.
372
00:27:22,766 --> 00:27:24,226
Go away, go away.
373
00:27:31,275 --> 00:27:34,069
Tell people to move away so
the tranquilizer doesn't fail.
374
00:27:45,455 --> 00:27:46,707
Okay.
375
00:27:53,088 --> 00:27:55,007
Can we bring the tent?
376
00:27:59,761 --> 00:28:01,138
And more here, here.
377
00:28:03,891 --> 00:28:06,351
Frank,
what's the time right now?
378
00:28:07,144 --> 00:28:08,729
It's 36.
379
00:28:09,438 --> 00:28:11,648
The clock is running.
380
00:28:21,199 --> 00:28:22,951
Now
it's very sensitive phase.
381
00:28:23,035 --> 00:28:24,119
Give the ketamine, please.
382
00:28:31,293 --> 00:28:32,294
I'm in.
383
00:28:32,377 --> 00:28:33,378
OK.
384
00:28:34,963 --> 00:28:37,215
We are in
with the needle.
385
00:28:37,299 --> 00:28:40,218
And now we have to concentrate.
One hundred milligram ketamine.
386
00:28:40,302 --> 00:28:43,347
And now let's
implant the embryo.
387
00:28:53,565 --> 00:28:55,275
Yes, yes, yes...
388
00:28:57,611 --> 00:28:58,904
It's working now...
389
00:28:58,987 --> 00:29:00,072
It's working now...
390
00:29:00,822 --> 00:29:02,950
It's there. Good!
391
00:29:13,168 --> 00:29:14,920
Thomas, success?
392
00:29:15,337 --> 00:29:16,421
We will see.
393
00:29:27,599 --> 00:29:29,309
An international
team of scientists has
394
00:29:29,393 --> 00:29:34,064
successfully implanted an embryo
into a southern white rhino
395
00:29:34,147 --> 00:29:35,399
for the first time.
396
00:29:35,774 --> 00:29:38,318
It's a historic
international effort from teams
397
00:29:38,402 --> 00:29:39,820
all across the world,
398
00:29:40,195 --> 00:29:43,699
working quickly to save a
species before it's too late.
399
00:29:44,282 --> 00:29:45,659
The procedure
was carried out with
400
00:29:45,742 --> 00:29:46,910
southern white rhinos,
401
00:29:46,994 --> 00:29:49,329
which are closely
related to northern whites.
402
00:29:50,080 --> 00:29:52,791
The surrogate in Kenya
is healthy and 70 days
403
00:29:52,874 --> 00:29:54,042
into its pregnancy.
404
00:30:01,842 --> 00:30:05,303
Now it is a waiting
game to see if it's actually
405
00:30:05,387 --> 00:30:08,849
possible to grow a healthy
baby rhino via IVF.
406
00:30:12,769 --> 00:30:16,732
But on a personal level,
putting so much time and energy
407
00:30:16,815 --> 00:30:20,277
into this project has been
especially difficult recently.
408
00:30:22,029 --> 00:30:25,157
My wife is a cancer patient,
409
00:30:26,533 --> 00:30:28,452
and she had finished
her first chemotherapy
410
00:30:28,535 --> 00:30:30,620
in May last year.
411
00:30:31,705 --> 00:30:34,750
But unfortunately and
very tragically it turned out
412
00:30:34,833 --> 00:30:36,918
she had a relapse of
her cancer and it is
413
00:30:37,002 --> 00:30:39,421
not treatable anymore.
414
00:30:40,964 --> 00:30:42,591
So she will die soon.
415
00:30:46,970 --> 00:30:51,975
But we both agreed that this
is important for both of us.
416
00:30:52,851 --> 00:30:55,937
It's a mission we want
to achieve together.
417
00:30:56,021 --> 00:30:59,232
So that is our agreement
and that is my dream.
418
00:31:00,984 --> 00:31:04,738
I think all these wonderful
people working with us,
419
00:31:04,821 --> 00:31:06,948
they have the same mission.
420
00:31:07,032 --> 00:31:09,910
We have to provide
the final proof.
421
00:31:10,452 --> 00:31:12,871
When the first northern
white rhino calf is born,
422
00:31:12,954 --> 00:31:16,583
I think I can relax a
little bit more and give the...
423
00:31:16,666 --> 00:31:18,502
...the flag to someone else.
424
00:31:19,086 --> 00:31:21,046
But first we have
to achieve that.
425
00:31:24,132 --> 00:31:27,219
Last time I was here,
I had to race to the airport,
426
00:31:27,803 --> 00:31:32,057
fly to Kenya, and they
implanted that embryo into the
427
00:31:32,140 --> 00:31:33,475
southern white rhino surrogate.
428
00:31:35,894 --> 00:31:37,896
But then something
terrible happened.
429
00:31:40,982 --> 00:31:42,651
Six weeks after the procedure,
430
00:31:42,734 --> 00:31:45,904
we got word that something
was wrong at the preserve.
431
00:31:48,156 --> 00:31:52,953
Tragically, both rhinos died
before anyone could help.
432
00:32:02,963 --> 00:32:05,924
It took weeks before
we really even understood
433
00:32:06,007 --> 00:32:07,384
what had happened.
434
00:32:11,263 --> 00:32:13,849
El Nino,
which is a climate phenomenon...
435
00:32:13,932 --> 00:32:15,559
made by global warming...
436
00:32:16,101 --> 00:32:18,603
produced so much
rain here in Kenya...
437
00:32:18,687 --> 00:32:21,064
that the surface of the
soil was flushed away...
438
00:32:21,523 --> 00:32:23,608
and hundred year old
carcasses...
439
00:32:23,692 --> 00:32:26,528
mummies, buried by
the Maasais here...
440
00:32:26,862 --> 00:32:28,989
were released and
in these mummies...
441
00:32:29,072 --> 00:32:32,742
there are the bacteria which can
live up to five hundred ears.
442
00:32:32,826 --> 00:32:35,745
And they release
extremely powerful toxin...
443
00:32:35,829 --> 00:32:38,748
and this toxin killed
our rhinos in one hour.
444
00:32:43,461 --> 00:32:46,631
In this tragic
moment came a ray of hope.
445
00:32:47,674 --> 00:32:49,301
During the autopsy,
446
00:32:49,384 --> 00:32:53,722
they found this viable
70-day-old male embryo
447
00:32:53,805 --> 00:32:55,140
in her womb.
448
00:32:56,892 --> 00:32:59,144
It was this
heartbreaking moment,
449
00:33:00,103 --> 00:33:03,231
but at the same time,
this huge breakthrough.
450
00:33:04,900 --> 00:33:07,277
Three and a half
years working very hard,
451
00:33:07,360 --> 00:33:08,945
and that's really a milestone.
452
00:33:10,530 --> 00:33:13,825
It's the first ever pregnancy
caused by an embryo transfer
453
00:33:14,201 --> 00:33:15,327
in a rhino source.
454
00:33:16,369 --> 00:33:17,871
{\an8}In another
world first,
455
00:33:17,954 --> 00:33:21,124
{\an8}a southern white rhino
became pregnant by IVF,
456
00:33:21,208 --> 00:33:23,793
{\an8}but the mother and the
baby died from an infection.
457
00:33:24,794 --> 00:33:27,422
Unfortunately, we
lost it when it was 70 days.
458
00:33:28,173 --> 00:33:32,844
But this little baby provided
us with a complete success
459
00:33:32,928 --> 00:33:34,679
story that everything
was working,
460
00:33:35,096 --> 00:33:37,015
and we could start
immediately with the
461
00:33:37,098 --> 00:33:38,391
northern white rhino embryos.
462
00:33:39,809 --> 00:33:42,437
Now, next time we come
with very precious cargo.
463
00:33:47,567 --> 00:33:49,778
The pregnancy
proved the process works.
464
00:33:50,570 --> 00:33:53,823
But the loss of the surrogate
and teaser bull was a big hit
465
00:33:53,907 --> 00:33:55,158
to the project.
466
00:33:56,826 --> 00:34:00,372
It took months of work
on the ground in Kenya to get
467
00:34:00,455 --> 00:34:02,123
the project back on track.
468
00:34:06,211 --> 00:34:09,297
Introducing a new southern
white rhino surrogate.
469
00:34:11,424 --> 00:34:14,636
And then capturing and
sterilizing a new teaser bull.
470
00:34:23,645 --> 00:34:27,983
Now we are finally ready to
bring a new northern white rhino
471
00:34:28,066 --> 00:34:30,151
baby into the world.
472
00:34:34,364 --> 00:34:37,409
We begin by preparing the
frozen embryos for the long
473
00:34:37,492 --> 00:34:38,702
trip to Kenya.
474
00:34:43,248 --> 00:34:44,833
I have a number 2.
475
00:34:44,916 --> 00:34:45,917
Can you write that?
476
00:34:46,001 --> 00:34:48,086
- Yeah.
- 2 minus 3, 1.
477
00:34:49,129 --> 00:34:50,630
Everything is very fragile.
478
00:34:50,714 --> 00:34:52,632
If they heat up, they are dead.
479
00:34:53,883 --> 00:34:55,927
Okay, perfect.
480
00:34:57,721 --> 00:34:59,598
A lot of pressure.
481
00:34:59,681 --> 00:35:01,224
A lot of pressure
on our shoulders.
482
00:35:31,463 --> 00:35:34,799
Now the stakes are much
higher using the precious
483
00:35:34,883 --> 00:35:38,553
northern white rhino embryos
for the first time ever.
484
00:35:44,392 --> 00:35:47,937
It's easy for people who may
not be close to these animals
485
00:35:48,021 --> 00:35:51,566
to think that these are
habituated creatures.
486
00:35:51,983 --> 00:35:52,984
They're not.
487
00:35:53,068 --> 00:35:55,570
These were wild rhinos
that we are working with.
488
00:35:56,780 --> 00:36:00,867
You realize so many
things have to be perfectly
489
00:36:00,950 --> 00:36:02,535
in place for it to go right,
490
00:36:02,619 --> 00:36:05,038
and it doesn't take a lot
for things to go wrong.
491
00:36:16,466 --> 00:36:19,052
There is Jomo,
the sterilized male.
492
00:36:20,053 --> 00:36:21,888
It's really huge male.
493
00:36:24,724 --> 00:36:26,434
Our new
teaser bull, Jomo.
494
00:36:29,020 --> 00:36:30,730
He's not approachable
like the other one.
495
00:36:32,982 --> 00:36:34,734
And he is known for
ramming vehicles.
496
00:36:37,487 --> 00:36:40,156
So we have to do the darting
this time by helicopter.
497
00:36:43,243 --> 00:36:45,745
Julia is with you and has
prepared the ketamine dart.
498
00:37:02,303 --> 00:37:05,056
The plan is to dart
the female so we can perform
499
00:37:05,140 --> 00:37:07,183
the embryo
implantation procedure.
500
00:37:09,686 --> 00:37:11,604
And hopefully we can
keep Jomo away without having
501
00:37:11,688 --> 00:37:12,897
to dart him.
502
00:37:13,398 --> 00:37:15,316
He wants to be near the female,
503
00:37:15,400 --> 00:37:17,736
but it's too dangerous
during the procedure.
504
00:37:19,738 --> 00:37:21,573
So we are a little bit
under time pressure.
505
00:37:21,656 --> 00:37:23,116
Our team is already in the air.
506
00:37:23,825 --> 00:37:25,535
As soon as they
dart the female,
507
00:37:25,618 --> 00:37:28,955
we have 30 minutes to
thaw the frozen embryo and
508
00:37:29,038 --> 00:37:30,081
get it implanted.
509
00:37:32,459 --> 00:37:34,210
That's Jomo there...
510
00:37:39,674 --> 00:37:42,844
Okay, just get as
close as you can to the female.
511
00:37:51,519 --> 00:37:52,520
Got it?
512
00:37:52,604 --> 00:37:53,605
Yeah!
513
00:37:56,357 --> 00:37:58,777
You have
a second dart yeah?
514
00:38:00,361 --> 00:38:02,155
The first dart
only slows her down.
515
00:38:02,739 --> 00:38:05,241
It takes two darts to
put her on the ground.
516
00:38:08,328 --> 00:38:09,412
The first dart is in...
517
00:38:09,496 --> 00:38:12,457
so we're just going for
the second dart now.
518
00:38:14,375 --> 00:38:17,212
Okay, got it.
So first dart is in,
519
00:38:17,295 --> 00:38:20,465
and we start thawing an embryo.
Thanks.
520
00:38:29,766 --> 00:38:31,851
Second dart is in.
521
00:38:47,575 --> 00:38:49,786
Jomo is running
away now as well.
522
00:38:49,869 --> 00:38:51,788
We're clear.
He has left the area.
523
00:38:57,752 --> 00:39:02,048
The surrogate is down,
the bull is away,
524
00:39:02,757 --> 00:39:04,801
and now Frank is
preparing the anesthesia.
525
00:39:13,893 --> 00:39:15,436
Yeah.
526
00:39:15,520 --> 00:39:17,939
Can we have some water here
for, to clean the ear?
527
00:39:22,443 --> 00:39:23,862
Yeah, yeah.
528
00:39:26,489 --> 00:39:27,782
You okay?
You need help?
529
00:39:27,866 --> 00:39:28,908
Yeah.
530
00:39:28,992 --> 00:39:30,827
Wait. Push it a
little bit over there.
531
00:39:31,870 --> 00:39:33,037
Get the leg out.
532
00:39:33,121 --> 00:39:34,122
Okay guys.
533
00:39:34,205 --> 00:39:35,748
One, two, three.
534
00:39:35,832 --> 00:39:37,000
One, two, three.
535
00:39:37,333 --> 00:39:38,668
One, two, three.
536
00:39:38,751 --> 00:39:39,752
One, two, three.
537
00:39:39,836 --> 00:39:43,006
One, two, three.
Get the leg out.
538
00:39:44,465 --> 00:39:45,925
Yeah, good.
539
00:39:47,135 --> 00:39:48,678
Yeah, have a look, wait.
540
00:39:52,432 --> 00:39:54,183
So we get a
call and then we start our
541
00:39:54,267 --> 00:39:56,728
procedure here and
joining them very soon
542
00:39:57,103 --> 00:39:58,104
for the transfer.
543
00:39:58,855 --> 00:40:03,151
Bottom left.
So diagonally down. Left.
544
00:40:04,861 --> 00:40:06,654
Do you see anything?
545
00:40:08,197 --> 00:40:10,658
Keep pushing.
No, in the other direction.
546
00:40:10,742 --> 00:40:13,328
In the other direction.
Am I in?
547
00:40:13,411 --> 00:40:14,495
This perfect
little embryo,
548
00:40:14,579 --> 00:40:17,373
which is barely
visible with the eye,
549
00:40:17,457 --> 00:40:21,628
to thaw it in a safe way,
it is very stressful, yes.
550
00:40:22,670 --> 00:40:24,589
There it is.
551
00:40:25,924 --> 00:40:28,801
Yes, perfect. OK.
552
00:40:29,552 --> 00:40:32,180
Embryo
delivery is coming!
553
00:40:43,149 --> 00:40:45,151
High up. High up.
554
00:40:50,198 --> 00:40:51,824
We have
in our catheter,
555
00:40:51,908 --> 00:40:55,870
this little tiny 100
micrometer big object which
556
00:40:55,954 --> 00:40:58,873
we transfer into this
gigantic uterus.
557
00:40:59,332 --> 00:41:00,917
It's a very
complicated procedure.
558
00:41:02,251 --> 00:41:05,296
So we are aware that every
step of that is so sensitive,
559
00:41:05,380 --> 00:41:06,965
it can easily fail.
560
00:41:07,298 --> 00:41:10,301
It's a very tense procedure
for everyone involved.
561
00:41:11,928 --> 00:41:12,929
Left, right?
562
00:41:13,262 --> 00:41:14,555
Right.
563
00:41:14,931 --> 00:41:15,932
Do you think so?
564
00:41:16,015 --> 00:41:17,016
Yeah.
565
00:41:18,434 --> 00:41:20,019
It's
up there on the right.
566
00:41:20,103 --> 00:41:22,397
There it is.
There it is. Okay.
567
00:41:22,480 --> 00:41:24,649
Okay, I'm at the limit.
568
00:41:24,732 --> 00:41:27,235
Hold it there,
keep it steady.
569
00:41:28,277 --> 00:41:29,404
Pregnant!
570
00:41:30,405 --> 00:41:32,615
Pregnant for sure.
571
00:41:33,408 --> 00:41:35,994
The embryo is in.
She's pregnant!
572
00:41:37,370 --> 00:41:39,205
It's in, yeah.
573
00:41:45,628 --> 00:41:48,423
The embryo was
released and this incredible
574
00:41:48,506 --> 00:41:52,260
moment we have all been
dreaming of for so long has
575
00:41:52,343 --> 00:41:53,678
finally been achieved.
576
00:41:54,804 --> 00:41:56,806
We placed it in an
optimal position,
577
00:41:56,889 --> 00:42:01,144
so we are quite hopeful that
this first attempt in the world
578
00:42:01,227 --> 00:42:03,438
ever has success.
579
00:42:03,855 --> 00:42:06,774
Now it's on nature and
praying and we will see
580
00:42:06,858 --> 00:42:08,317
what, what happens.
581
00:42:10,236 --> 00:42:13,406
This moment, I haven't
actually fully processed it yet.
582
00:42:14,157 --> 00:42:19,579
{\an8}Today, I am reminded that it
takes these kinds of people
583
00:42:19,662 --> 00:42:22,498
{\an8}reimagining a world
where we can save species
584
00:42:22,582 --> 00:42:24,834
{\an8}literally from the
brink of extinction.
585
00:42:26,085 --> 00:42:27,587
{\an8}Historical moment.
586
00:42:29,005 --> 00:42:31,549
{\an8}Good. Now...
587
00:42:32,592 --> 00:42:34,010
{\an8}
588
00:42:49,400 --> 00:42:51,444
Always rain is good.
589
00:42:52,987 --> 00:42:56,032
I hope it's a good
sign for the embryo.
590
00:42:57,784 --> 00:42:59,535
It's sort of a blessing.
591
00:43:02,288 --> 00:43:03,748
I'm dreaming that
we will see many,
592
00:43:03,831 --> 00:43:05,166
many more of these beautiful...
593
00:43:05,249 --> 00:43:09,587
northern white rhinos alive
on the Earth once again.
41770
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