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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:31,331 --> 00:00:33,367 [heavy breathing] 2 00:00:47,814 --> 00:00:51,718 [♪ Inspirational music playing] 3 00:01:06,166 --> 00:01:10,237 [♪ Theme music playing] 4 00:01:27,588 --> 00:01:30,590 [birds chirping] 5 00:01:40,267 --> 00:01:43,737 [♪ Reflective music playing] 6 00:01:52,312 --> 00:01:55,182 Fatu... Come on, guy. 7 00:01:55,749 --> 00:01:57,150 Here. 8 00:01:58,785 --> 00:02:01,488 These are the last two northern white rhinos on earth. 9 00:02:04,791 --> 00:02:07,194 Their names are Najin and Fatu. 10 00:02:07,694 --> 00:02:09,730 Hi, hi. Good Girl. 11 00:02:10,197 --> 00:02:14,201 She loves to be stroked behind the ears and, um... 12 00:02:15,435 --> 00:02:18,405 ...under the belly also, just like here. 13 00:02:21,675 --> 00:02:24,111 Yeah, I've had her for 15 years, 14 00:02:24,244 --> 00:02:25,278 so we are good friends. 15 00:02:25,412 --> 00:02:27,080 Good girl, Najin. 16 00:02:35,756 --> 00:02:37,357 But because of human failure, 17 00:02:37,491 --> 00:02:40,627 human greed, the result is just only the two we have. 18 00:02:44,264 --> 00:02:46,299 Najin, she's 31 years old. 19 00:02:46,533 --> 00:02:49,302 That is like about six years in human lifetime. 20 00:02:49,436 --> 00:02:51,838 And her daughter, she's 20 years. 21 00:02:53,407 --> 00:02:55,742 So they are mother and daughter, 22 00:02:55,876 --> 00:02:58,712 watching each other get older every day with no new 23 00:02:58,845 --> 00:03:01,415 babies to teach and care for. 24 00:03:07,688 --> 00:03:10,757 Hi, Fatu. Hi, Fatu. 25 00:03:13,727 --> 00:03:15,796 She's had some good mud baths, it looks like. 26 00:03:20,500 --> 00:03:22,269 In the early 1900s, 27 00:03:22,402 --> 00:03:24,571 there were thousands of northern white rhinos 28 00:03:24,704 --> 00:03:26,840 roaming the plains of Central Africa. 29 00:03:28,708 --> 00:03:31,778 But due to poaching, that number was down to only 30 00:03:31,912 --> 00:03:33,914 15 by the 1980s. 31 00:03:36,683 --> 00:03:39,853 Today, there are only these last two females left. 32 00:03:44,357 --> 00:03:46,960 I've been following this story for over 15 years, 33 00:03:47,994 --> 00:03:51,865 documenting a team called BioRescue as they attempt a new 34 00:03:51,998 --> 00:03:56,603 scientific procedure to save the northern white rhino here 35 00:03:56,736 --> 00:03:59,773 on a protected preserve in Kenya. 36 00:04:01,742 --> 00:04:05,312 You see the young 21-year-old female and then 37 00:04:05,445 --> 00:04:07,347 the 32-year-old female. 38 00:04:07,481 --> 00:04:09,883 So it's a clear difference in body shape. 39 00:04:14,454 --> 00:04:17,424 We have a clock ticking on us always with this project. 40 00:04:17,758 --> 00:04:20,861 The last two northern white rhinos are getting old. 41 00:04:21,194 --> 00:04:22,863 They will not be here forever. 42 00:04:23,530 --> 00:04:26,199 The males are already gone. 43 00:04:26,333 --> 00:04:27,834 There's no natural breeding anymore. 44 00:04:28,969 --> 00:04:31,605 The only chance would be via IVF. 45 00:04:35,008 --> 00:04:38,345 [Ami] IVF is a reproductive procedure where eggs and sperm 46 00:04:38,478 --> 00:04:39,980 are combined in a laboratory. 47 00:04:43,416 --> 00:04:46,486 The embryo is then implanted into the uterus of the mother 48 00:04:46,620 --> 00:04:48,388 to grow into a baby. 49 00:04:50,857 --> 00:04:53,827 But IVF in a rhino has never been done before. 50 00:04:58,632 --> 00:05:01,668 The first step is collecting oocytes, or eggs, 51 00:05:02,302 --> 00:05:04,838 from the last living northern white rhinos. 52 00:05:05,338 --> 00:05:07,808 That's what the scientists will attempt to do tomorrow. 53 00:05:09,876 --> 00:05:12,412 [Thomas] She's beautiful. Beautiful lady. 54 00:05:13,747 --> 00:05:16,016 And hopefully you will have a baby soon. 55 00:05:22,956 --> 00:05:25,225 We are scientists doing a procedure which was 56 00:05:25,358 --> 00:05:26,860 never done before. 57 00:05:26,993 --> 00:05:30,297 And if we fail, then the northern white rhino is gone. 58 00:05:30,997 --> 00:05:32,732 And that is on our shoulders. 59 00:05:35,669 --> 00:05:39,039 My colleagues and I have poured our life into this project, 60 00:05:39,172 --> 00:05:41,508 so tomorrow is a very big day. 61 00:05:50,817 --> 00:05:54,521 [♪ Upbeat music playing] 62 00:05:59,392 --> 00:06:00,961 The night before the ovum pick-up is 63 00:06:01,094 --> 00:06:03,563 always quite challenging. 64 00:06:04,164 --> 00:06:06,600 You have all these ideas what can go wrong. 65 00:06:07,133 --> 00:06:08,802 If we make a mistake, 66 00:06:08,935 --> 00:06:11,705 it can have such consequences that 67 00:06:11,838 --> 00:06:13,673 there is an internal bleeding, 68 00:06:13,807 --> 00:06:16,343 there is an anesthesia which is too deep and 69 00:06:16,476 --> 00:06:18,345 the animal never wakes up again. 70 00:06:21,548 --> 00:06:23,000 [Zacharia] The first thing we do is to check 71 00:06:23,083 --> 00:06:24,718 how they're doing. 72 00:06:26,753 --> 00:06:29,422 We don't want him to be nervous. 73 00:06:33,627 --> 00:06:35,729 Fatu, come on, Fatu. 74 00:06:37,597 --> 00:06:40,433 [Ami] Zacharia, you can feel his stress. 75 00:06:40,967 --> 00:06:43,436 He knows what the stakes are. 76 00:06:44,004 --> 00:06:45,538 This is like his baby. 77 00:06:46,706 --> 00:06:48,108 [Zacharia] Fatu. 78 00:06:55,749 --> 00:06:58,018 I've looked after them for 11 years, 79 00:06:58,251 --> 00:06:59,819 and they do recognize my voice. 80 00:07:02,656 --> 00:07:05,025 This way. One more. OK. 81 00:07:05,358 --> 00:07:07,127 OK, wait. Wait, wait, wait. 82 00:07:07,560 --> 00:07:08,862 OK, let her go. 83 00:07:08,995 --> 00:07:10,497 Back. 84 00:07:10,630 --> 00:07:12,899 Yeah, that's fine. That's fine. Leave her. 85 00:07:13,466 --> 00:07:15,835 Make sure that she stacks the horn in the corner. 86 00:07:15,969 --> 00:07:18,672 That's fine. Leave her like this. 87 00:07:18,805 --> 00:07:19,973 Cool, guys. 88 00:07:22,475 --> 00:07:25,045 [Ami] The anesthesia is a really important piece of it. 89 00:07:25,178 --> 00:07:26,680 This is what Frank does. 90 00:07:26,813 --> 00:07:29,616 If he doesn't get the formula exactly right, 91 00:07:30,517 --> 00:07:31,952 these animals can die. 92 00:07:39,926 --> 00:07:42,762 [Frank] Two milligram deto, 100 milligram ketamine. 93 00:07:44,264 --> 00:07:45,765 Okay, you can go higher now. 94 00:07:51,972 --> 00:07:54,507 [Ami] These procedures can be incredibly risky. 95 00:07:54,808 --> 00:07:56,776 I mean, can you imagine a 2,000-pound animal with 96 00:07:56,910 --> 00:07:58,178 a horn waking up? 97 00:08:02,549 --> 00:08:04,818 [Frank] Oxygen is deep in. 98 00:08:05,251 --> 00:08:06,436 [Thomas] We had some accidents. 99 00:08:06,519 --> 00:08:09,990 I lost a disc in my backbone because working with elephants. 100 00:08:10,357 --> 00:08:13,059 I broke my collarbone with a rhino. 101 00:08:16,162 --> 00:08:17,664 So there's some risk, 102 00:08:17,797 --> 00:08:21,935 but we have to know that our patient is dangerous. 103 00:08:22,936 --> 00:08:24,471 It's not a teddy bear. 104 00:08:25,839 --> 00:08:28,608 But doing this procedure is for us the only chance. 105 00:08:30,710 --> 00:08:36,449 [speaking in foreign language] 106 00:08:42,856 --> 00:08:45,225 This one, small one. 107 00:08:45,358 --> 00:08:46,292 There's two, actually. 108 00:08:46,426 --> 00:08:49,829 Have you seen that? Next to each other. Yeah. 109 00:08:52,065 --> 00:08:54,601 [speaking in foreign language] 110 00:08:55,435 --> 00:08:57,971 [Frank] Remember that this ovary is down on the 111 00:08:58,104 --> 00:08:58,972 lower side, yeah? 112 00:08:59,105 --> 00:09:00,907 [Thomas] Yeah. Okay. 113 00:09:01,274 --> 00:09:02,642 Is this left or right? 114 00:09:02,776 --> 00:09:04,261 [Thomas] Left, and it's on the lower side. 115 00:09:04,344 --> 00:09:05,745 [Frank] Okay. 116 00:09:05,879 --> 00:09:09,783 [Thomas] Good. Good for the kids. 117 00:09:10,917 --> 00:09:12,819 Yep. Perfect. 118 00:09:13,319 --> 00:09:16,790 [Frank] Okay guys, crossed one hour border time. 119 00:09:18,291 --> 00:09:20,193 They're keeping close track of the time. 120 00:09:20,326 --> 00:09:22,862 You know, they can't keep her under anesthesia 121 00:09:22,996 --> 00:09:24,564 for that long. 122 00:09:24,898 --> 00:09:27,233 [Thomas] Okay, stop. Yep. 123 00:09:30,036 --> 00:09:31,304 [overlapping chatter] 124 00:09:31,438 --> 00:09:35,675 Okay, okay. Very good. 125 00:09:37,110 --> 00:09:38,678 Okay, let's go. 126 00:09:39,012 --> 00:09:40,647 At the end, when we finish the harvest, 127 00:09:40,780 --> 00:09:45,785 the second phase happens, and we have to find the oocyte. 128 00:09:50,657 --> 00:09:53,893 Searching for the eggs or oocyte takes place in a form of 129 00:09:54,027 --> 00:09:55,995 shipping container, which gets very hot. 130 00:09:56,663 --> 00:09:59,098 And also, it is very attractive for flies, 131 00:09:59,532 --> 00:10:03,269 and you have to focus very strongly on the microscope. 132 00:10:05,405 --> 00:10:08,641 You play with the light and then suddenly you see this 133 00:10:08,775 --> 00:10:11,578 purple light coming out of a cell and then you know 134 00:10:11,711 --> 00:10:13,279 that is what you want. 135 00:10:16,282 --> 00:10:17,650 Is that a good one? 136 00:10:17,784 --> 00:10:19,652 -Yeah. -Yeah, it looks good. 137 00:10:19,786 --> 00:10:21,020 That is what we do. 138 00:10:21,154 --> 00:10:22,856 The reason why we are here. 139 00:10:24,858 --> 00:10:27,260 This is the beginning of new life. 140 00:10:29,095 --> 00:10:31,664 Robert, 19 oocytes. 141 00:10:31,898 --> 00:10:33,366 Yay! 142 00:10:33,733 --> 00:10:35,101 [cheering] 143 00:10:35,235 --> 00:10:36,169 Good. 144 00:10:36,302 --> 00:10:37,871 Best result ever. 145 00:10:38,004 --> 00:10:38,872 [Robert] Yes! 146 00:10:39,005 --> 00:10:40,306 Yep. 147 00:10:40,707 --> 00:10:44,744 [Ami] 19 oocytes means 19 potential chances to create 148 00:10:44,878 --> 00:10:46,579 new baby northern white rhinos. 149 00:10:52,452 --> 00:10:54,254 We never had such result before. 150 00:10:54,387 --> 00:10:56,789 Never. The best in any rhino. 151 00:10:57,190 --> 00:10:58,925 We are extremely grateful. 152 00:10:59,726 --> 00:11:02,128 Okay, now I have to pack again, sorry. 153 00:11:02,729 --> 00:11:03,780 Sorry, that is the second part. 154 00:11:03,863 --> 00:11:06,833 Otherwise we miss our flight and lose our harvest. 155 00:11:07,800 --> 00:11:08,935 Okay. 156 00:11:14,941 --> 00:11:17,010 As soon as they're done, it's complete chaos. 157 00:11:19,379 --> 00:11:23,349 They quickly get all their suitcases and then 158 00:11:23,483 --> 00:11:25,652 whizzed to the airport. 159 00:11:26,786 --> 00:11:28,922 Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. 160 00:11:29,222 --> 00:11:30,857 [laughter] 161 00:11:31,090 --> 00:11:33,371 [Ami] It's a race against the clock to deliver the eggs to 162 00:11:33,459 --> 00:11:35,895 the lab in Italy and turn those oocytes 163 00:11:36,029 --> 00:11:37,063 into viable embryos. 164 00:11:40,967 --> 00:11:43,736 [Thomas] We have maximum 48-hours after collection 165 00:11:43,870 --> 00:11:46,172 when the oocyte needs to be processed. 166 00:11:47,307 --> 00:11:50,243 Otherwise, the project will fail. 167 00:11:59,986 --> 00:12:03,723 [♪ Inspirational music playing] 168 00:12:04,057 --> 00:12:07,026 [Ami] I have been documenting the story of 169 00:12:07,160 --> 00:12:10,129 the northern white rhino since 2009. 170 00:12:12,966 --> 00:12:15,935 [camera shutter clicking] 171 00:12:19,005 --> 00:12:23,176 I have probably made 40 trips which I have largely 172 00:12:23,309 --> 00:12:28,181 self-funded because this is one of the most important 173 00:12:28,514 --> 00:12:30,149 stories of our lifetime. 174 00:12:30,817 --> 00:12:32,352 [camera shutter clicking] 175 00:12:32,485 --> 00:12:36,689 My goal is to reach as many people as possible and inspire 176 00:12:36,823 --> 00:12:38,091 them to care. 177 00:12:40,793 --> 00:12:43,229 [audience applause] 178 00:12:44,197 --> 00:12:45,798 Hello! 179 00:12:46,532 --> 00:12:48,034 Hello, SLO! 180 00:12:48,901 --> 00:12:50,303 Oh, thank you. 181 00:12:52,071 --> 00:12:53,840 Thank you. 182 00:12:53,973 --> 00:12:57,076 Good evening. Wow. I thank you all for coming out. 183 00:12:57,343 --> 00:12:59,345 I am so excited to be back here. 184 00:12:59,712 --> 00:13:04,517 Back in 2009, I met a rhinoceros named Sudan 185 00:13:04,951 --> 00:13:07,120 for the first time. 186 00:13:07,453 --> 00:13:11,057 And quite unexpectedly, this gentle, 187 00:13:11,190 --> 00:13:14,494 hulking creature changed the way I see the world. 188 00:13:16,896 --> 00:13:20,466 I literally felt like I had just seen a unicorn. 189 00:13:22,568 --> 00:13:28,141 I was so moved by him, and I couldn't believe that we, 190 00:13:28,741 --> 00:13:31,010 humanity, had reduced them to this. 191 00:13:32,512 --> 00:13:35,748 [reporter] The world's last male northern white rhino 192 00:13:35,882 --> 00:13:36,949 has died. 193 00:13:37,083 --> 00:13:38,885 A wildlife conservancy in Kenya says the 194 00:13:39,018 --> 00:13:41,387 45-year-old rhino named Sudan died from 195 00:13:41,521 --> 00:13:43,256 age-related complications. 196 00:13:43,589 --> 00:13:45,191 Sudan was euthanized after his condition 197 00:13:45,324 --> 00:13:47,060 worsened significantly. 198 00:13:50,363 --> 00:13:53,433 [Zacharia] I cared for Sudan every day for almost 10 years. 199 00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:56,035 He was so special because he knew he was so 200 00:13:56,169 --> 00:13:58,971 strong and so powerful. 201 00:14:00,940 --> 00:14:03,376 But I think he also knew he needed our help. 202 00:14:06,145 --> 00:14:09,115 I can still remember the last day we lost him. 203 00:14:10,583 --> 00:14:12,919 Everything stands still. 204 00:14:20,093 --> 00:14:21,961 [Ami] The moment when Sudan died, 205 00:14:22,328 --> 00:14:23,896 the last male northern white rhino, 206 00:14:24,030 --> 00:14:28,401 it was just this realization that this is what we've done. 207 00:14:31,571 --> 00:14:37,810 I only took two frames of that because I didn't want the sound 208 00:14:37,944 --> 00:14:41,414 of my camera to disturb the sacredness of the moment. 209 00:14:44,450 --> 00:14:47,286 And that picture, 210 00:14:47,420 --> 00:14:50,490 I never expected it to be so symbolic. 211 00:14:54,594 --> 00:14:59,332 I think people saw it and recognized it's our last chance. 212 00:15:08,708 --> 00:15:13,279 [♪ Reflective music playing] 213 00:15:14,213 --> 00:15:18,317 It was actually Sudan's death that was a real spark. 214 00:15:22,288 --> 00:15:24,590 Everybody began to understand there's no more time. 215 00:15:40,640 --> 00:15:44,010 After the eggs are extracted, they have to be fertilized 216 00:15:44,143 --> 00:15:45,578 within 48 hours. 217 00:15:49,115 --> 00:15:52,452 Cesare's laboratory is amazing. 218 00:15:53,653 --> 00:15:56,255 There's this high-tech thing going on, 219 00:15:56,389 --> 00:16:00,059 but then right outside are all of these cloned animals. 220 00:16:02,328 --> 00:16:05,097 That's where you get this feeling like, oh, 221 00:16:05,231 --> 00:16:07,166 we're playing God here. 222 00:16:09,302 --> 00:16:13,372 But this technology means saving the northern white rhino 223 00:16:13,506 --> 00:16:15,041 just might be possible. 224 00:16:17,143 --> 00:16:19,303 [Thomas] The eggs will be fertilized with a sperm which 225 00:16:19,412 --> 00:16:21,113 comes from two different bulls. 226 00:16:22,181 --> 00:16:26,452 Both are passed away, one in 2015, one in 2014. 227 00:16:27,553 --> 00:16:30,923 It's quite a challenging operation. 228 00:16:34,126 --> 00:16:37,296 The sperm which is injected will develop into 229 00:16:37,430 --> 00:16:43,569 this new cell and then new life starts to grow. 230 00:16:51,277 --> 00:16:54,647 The miracle of life is something that is so fragile. 231 00:16:56,282 --> 00:16:58,384 It can be destroyed so easily. 232 00:17:01,721 --> 00:17:05,224 Rhinos survive for millions of years against drought, 233 00:17:05,658 --> 00:17:08,694 predators, and the forces of nature. 234 00:17:10,429 --> 00:17:11,697 But in just a few decades, 235 00:17:11,831 --> 00:17:14,133 humans nearly wiped them out. 236 00:17:14,967 --> 00:17:17,603 Now every day that passes without a new baby on the 237 00:17:17,737 --> 00:17:21,674 ground is one day closer to the northern white rhino 238 00:17:21,807 --> 00:17:23,976 being gone forever. 239 00:17:25,611 --> 00:17:29,181 So there's always this clock ticking on us. 240 00:17:29,515 --> 00:17:31,384 And our time is almost up. 241 00:17:36,656 --> 00:17:39,358 [Ami] This is how we imagine wildlife roaming the 242 00:17:39,492 --> 00:17:41,060 open plains of Africa. 243 00:17:41,527 --> 00:17:44,330 That's not actually what it's like today for rhinos. 244 00:17:44,830 --> 00:17:46,365 This is what it's like. 245 00:17:46,599 --> 00:17:49,268 They have to be guarded around the clock 24-7 by 246 00:17:49,402 --> 00:17:53,105 heavily militarized men because the value of their horn 247 00:17:53,239 --> 00:17:54,607 is worth more than gold. 248 00:17:57,376 --> 00:18:00,346 They are being poached to extinction. 249 00:18:00,479 --> 00:18:02,715 And it's not just the northern white rhino. 250 00:18:02,848 --> 00:18:06,652 It was just announced that we have lost 73% of the 251 00:18:06,786 --> 00:18:09,155 world's wildlife in the last 50 years. 252 00:18:09,588 --> 00:18:12,458 I just could not stop thinking about this. 253 00:18:12,758 --> 00:18:15,628 And I started researching and reading everything 254 00:18:15,761 --> 00:18:17,163 I could about this story. 255 00:18:17,296 --> 00:18:19,332 I wanted to understand, what do we do? 256 00:18:19,465 --> 00:18:20,700 Is there hope? 257 00:18:20,833 --> 00:18:22,401 How do we stop this? 258 00:18:22,535 --> 00:18:25,638 And I just started asking one simple question, 259 00:18:25,771 --> 00:18:28,407 which I could not find in any of the stories. 260 00:18:28,708 --> 00:18:32,511 What do the people who live right next to the animals think? 261 00:18:33,679 --> 00:18:35,581 Do they care about them? 262 00:18:36,549 --> 00:18:40,786 And actually, it has led me down this amazing path of 263 00:18:40,920 --> 00:18:44,323 finding the most extraordinary people that do care. 264 00:18:45,091 --> 00:18:48,461 We can often forget that the best protectors are those 265 00:18:48,594 --> 00:18:51,731 people who are living alongside the animals. 266 00:18:54,700 --> 00:18:57,069 They are the ones out there fighting that fight 267 00:18:57,203 --> 00:18:58,804 every single day. 268 00:20:16,615 --> 00:20:19,385 [Thomas] There are only two animals on earth capable of 269 00:20:19,518 --> 00:20:22,354 providing the eggs needed to make 270 00:20:22,488 --> 00:20:24,590 northern white rhino embryos. 271 00:20:27,893 --> 00:20:30,162 But even that is in jeopardy now. 272 00:21:05,731 --> 00:21:07,733 One of these tumors may even become malignant, 273 00:21:07,867 --> 00:21:09,467 so that's the risk we don't want to take. 274 00:21:11,637 --> 00:21:14,306 [Thomas] The results of Nadine's recent health check 275 00:21:14,440 --> 00:21:18,410 shows that sadly she is too sick to provide any more eggs 276 00:21:18,778 --> 00:21:19,945 to the program. 277 00:21:20,212 --> 00:21:22,848 So the number of new embryos we can make now rests 278 00:21:22,982 --> 00:21:24,416 solely on Fatu. 279 00:21:28,053 --> 00:21:31,257 The extinction of this species is on a razor's edge. 280 00:21:32,057 --> 00:21:35,528 Every day that passes is one day closer to losing the 281 00:21:35,661 --> 00:21:37,730 last northern white rhinos on Earth. 282 00:21:48,007 --> 00:21:50,876 [♪ Somber music playing] 283 00:21:53,913 --> 00:21:56,682 [Zacharia] I remember the first time I saw a rhino, 284 00:21:57,016 --> 00:21:58,584 it was so exciting. 285 00:22:15,634 --> 00:22:18,404 [Zacharia] I want these rhinos to be here for my daughters. 286 00:22:19,004 --> 00:22:21,273 And for the next generation. 287 00:22:23,442 --> 00:22:25,678 [Ami] Only five rhino species remain on Earth. 288 00:22:27,646 --> 00:22:29,648 Three are in Asia, and two are in Africa. 289 00:22:31,584 --> 00:22:34,987 Losing any of these rhino species brings us one step 290 00:22:35,120 --> 00:22:38,490 closer to losing all rhinos forever. 291 00:22:40,125 --> 00:22:43,028 Unfortunately, neither of the last two surviving 292 00:22:43,162 --> 00:22:45,397 northern white rhinos 293 00:22:45,531 --> 00:22:47,866 are healthy enough to carry their own pregnancy. 294 00:22:48,968 --> 00:22:51,570 Saving the northern white rhino depends on scientists 295 00:22:52,304 --> 00:22:55,374 using closely related southern white rhino females as 296 00:22:55,507 --> 00:22:58,744 surrogate mothers to carry the embryos created in the lab to a 297 00:22:58,878 --> 00:23:00,479 full-term pregnancy. 298 00:23:02,014 --> 00:23:04,717 But none of this has ever been done before. 299 00:23:04,850 --> 00:23:06,685 It's a scientific first. 300 00:24:05,744 --> 00:24:08,180 We're in Amsterdam. I'm about to board the plane. 301 00:24:08,747 --> 00:24:10,950 This has been the most stressful and also 302 00:24:11,083 --> 00:24:13,385 exciting 24 hours. 303 00:24:14,086 --> 00:24:14,987 I got a call. 304 00:24:15,120 --> 00:24:18,424 I was in the middle of a talk in California, 305 00:24:18,557 --> 00:24:21,460 scrambled to get here, and it is just so exciting. 306 00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:29,468 We're at the enclosure now. 307 00:24:29,601 --> 00:24:31,704 We're driving up to the northern white rhinos. 308 00:24:31,837 --> 00:24:34,473 And right next door to them are the southern white rhinos. 309 00:24:35,874 --> 00:24:37,710 And the sun is coming up. 310 00:24:37,843 --> 00:24:40,746 And there's just so much anticipation. 311 00:24:43,248 --> 00:24:44,950 Here we are. 312 00:24:52,024 --> 00:24:53,459 [Thomas] Good morning, everyone. 313 00:24:53,592 --> 00:24:56,595 We are extremely proud to be here today because 314 00:24:56,729 --> 00:24:59,631 it will be the first time that an embryo from 315 00:24:59,765 --> 00:25:02,701 a rhino source will be implanted into a wild rhino. 316 00:25:02,835 --> 00:25:04,903 That is a very big step. 317 00:25:05,704 --> 00:25:07,740 [Frank] 50 milligram butorphanol, 318 00:25:07,873 --> 00:25:10,008 which is five milliliter from this stuff. 319 00:25:10,609 --> 00:25:15,147 [Thomas] We agreed in a quite intensive discussion that it 320 00:25:15,280 --> 00:25:17,616 would be more wise to use a 321 00:25:17,750 --> 00:25:19,218 southern white rhino embryo first. 322 00:25:22,588 --> 00:25:24,990 If the embryo transfer of our southern white rhino 323 00:25:25,124 --> 00:25:26,859 embryos is successful, 324 00:25:26,992 --> 00:25:29,795 then we would continue with the northern white rhino embryos. 325 00:25:31,030 --> 00:25:34,032 Everything of these steps are new ground, 326 00:25:35,601 --> 00:25:39,138 and therefore it is so important to, to practice. 327 00:25:47,179 --> 00:25:50,149 [♪ Intense music playing] 328 00:25:50,516 --> 00:25:53,986 It's a little bit like sending a man to the moon, 329 00:25:54,119 --> 00:25:55,854 because as everyone knows, 330 00:25:55,988 --> 00:25:58,657 not all of these missions were successful. 331 00:25:59,024 --> 00:26:00,092 [Frank] Okay, let's go. 332 00:26:01,093 --> 00:26:02,995 Okay, good luck. Good luck. 333 00:26:26,752 --> 00:26:29,922 [♪ Intense music playing] 334 00:26:30,422 --> 00:26:32,157 [overlapping chatter] 335 00:26:34,760 --> 00:26:36,094 [Frank] Ready to go? 336 00:27:39,691 --> 00:27:42,227 [overlapping chatter] 337 00:27:45,364 --> 00:27:46,732 [Zacharia] Okay. 338 00:27:59,811 --> 00:28:01,079 [Thomas] And more here, here. 339 00:28:07,119 --> 00:28:08,754 It's 36. 340 00:28:32,110 --> 00:28:33,111 OK. 341 00:28:45,824 --> 00:28:48,293 [overlapping chatter] 342 00:28:52,064 --> 00:28:53,232 [♪ Suspenseful music playing] 343 00:29:15,287 --> 00:29:16,321 [Thomas] We will see. 344 00:29:27,499 --> 00:29:29,251 [reporter] An international team of scientists has 345 00:29:29,334 --> 00:29:34,006 successfully implanted an embryo into a southern white rhino 346 00:29:34,139 --> 00:29:35,340 for the first time. 347 00:29:35,674 --> 00:29:38,210 [reporter] It's a historic international effort from teams 348 00:29:38,343 --> 00:29:39,878 all across the world, 349 00:29:40,212 --> 00:29:43,782 working quickly to save a species before it's too late. 350 00:29:44,282 --> 00:29:45,734 [reporter] The procedure was carried out with 351 00:29:45,817 --> 00:29:46,752 southern white rhinos, 352 00:29:46,885 --> 00:29:49,288 which are closely related to northern whites. 353 00:29:49,921 --> 00:29:52,791 The surrogate in Kenya is healthy and 70 days 354 00:29:52,924 --> 00:29:54,026 into its pregnancy. 355 00:30:01,933 --> 00:30:05,203 [Thomas] Now it is a waiting game to see if it's actually 356 00:30:05,337 --> 00:30:08,874 possible to grow a healthy baby rhino via IVF. 357 00:30:12,844 --> 00:30:16,748 But on a personal level, putting so much time and energy 358 00:30:16,882 --> 00:30:20,218 into this project has been especially difficult recently. 359 00:30:22,054 --> 00:30:25,123 My wife is a cancer patient, 360 00:30:26,458 --> 00:30:28,326 and she had finished her first chemotherapy 361 00:30:28,460 --> 00:30:30,529 in May last year. 362 00:30:31,430 --> 00:30:34,766 But unfortunately and very tragically it turned out 363 00:30:34,900 --> 00:30:36,902 she had a relapse of her cancer and it is 364 00:30:37,035 --> 00:30:39,338 not treatable anymore. 365 00:30:41,006 --> 00:30:42,474 So she will die soon. 366 00:30:47,012 --> 00:30:52,017 But we both agreed that this is important for both of us. 367 00:30:52,751 --> 00:30:55,921 It's a mission we want to achieve together. 368 00:30:56,054 --> 00:30:59,191 So that is our agreement and that is my dream. 369 00:31:01,026 --> 00:31:04,763 I think all these wonderful people working with us, 370 00:31:04,896 --> 00:31:06,865 they have the same mission. 371 00:31:07,099 --> 00:31:09,968 We have to provide the final proof. 372 00:31:10,435 --> 00:31:12,871 When the first northern white rhino calf is born, 373 00:31:13,004 --> 00:31:16,441 I think I can relax a little bit more and give the... 374 00:31:16,575 --> 00:31:18,443 ...the flag to someone else. 375 00:31:18,944 --> 00:31:21,046 But first we have to achieve that. 376 00:31:24,149 --> 00:31:27,219 [Ami] Last time I was here, I had to race to the airport, 377 00:31:27,719 --> 00:31:32,023 fly to Kenya, and they implanted that embryo into the 378 00:31:32,157 --> 00:31:33,397 southern white rhino surrogate. 379 00:31:35,961 --> 00:31:37,929 But then something terrible happened. 380 00:31:41,032 --> 00:31:42,501 Six weeks after the procedure, 381 00:31:42,634 --> 00:31:45,937 we got word that something was wrong at the preserve. 382 00:31:48,173 --> 00:31:52,978 Tragically, both rhinos died before anyone could help. 383 00:32:03,021 --> 00:32:05,924 It took weeks before we really even understood 384 00:32:06,057 --> 00:32:07,325 what had happened. 385 00:32:43,428 --> 00:32:46,531 [Ami] In this tragic moment came a ray of hope. 386 00:32:47,599 --> 00:32:49,234 During the autopsy, 387 00:32:49,367 --> 00:32:53,572 they found this viable 70-day-old male embryo 388 00:32:53,705 --> 00:32:55,140 in her womb. 389 00:32:56,775 --> 00:32:59,177 It was this heartbreaking moment, 390 00:32:59,978 --> 00:33:03,215 but at the same time, this huge breakthrough. 391 00:33:04,783 --> 00:33:07,219 [Thomas] Three and a half years working very hard, 392 00:33:07,352 --> 00:33:08,987 and that's really a milestone. 393 00:33:10,488 --> 00:33:13,725 It's the first ever pregnancy caused by an embryo transfer 394 00:33:14,059 --> 00:33:15,327 in a rhino source. 395 00:33:16,194 --> 00:33:17,896 [reporter] In another world first, 396 00:33:18,029 --> 00:33:21,099 a southern white rhino became pregnant by IVF, 397 00:33:21,233 --> 00:33:23,702 but the mother and the baby died from an infection. 398 00:33:24,536 --> 00:33:27,405 [Thomas] Unfortunately, we lost it when it was 70 days. 399 00:33:28,039 --> 00:33:32,677 But this little baby provided us with a complete success 400 00:33:32,811 --> 00:33:34,613 story that everything was working, 401 00:33:34,980 --> 00:33:37,015 and we could start immediately with the 402 00:33:37,148 --> 00:33:38,350 northern white rhino embryos. 403 00:33:39,718 --> 00:33:42,387 Now, next time we come with very precious cargo. 404 00:33:47,526 --> 00:33:49,694 [Ami] The pregnancy proved the process works. 405 00:33:50,362 --> 00:33:53,665 But the loss of the surrogate and teaser bull was a big hit 406 00:33:53,798 --> 00:33:55,166 to the project. 407 00:33:56,735 --> 00:34:00,305 [Thomas] It took months of work on the ground in Kenya to get 408 00:34:00,438 --> 00:34:02,140 the project back on track. 409 00:34:06,244 --> 00:34:09,281 Introducing a new southern white rhino surrogate. 410 00:34:11,416 --> 00:34:14,552 And then capturing and sterilizing a new teaser bull. 411 00:34:17,522 --> 00:34:20,392 [overlapping excited chatter] 412 00:34:23,595 --> 00:34:27,999 Now we are finally ready to bring a new northern white rhino 413 00:34:28,133 --> 00:34:30,168 baby into the world. 414 00:34:34,372 --> 00:34:37,342 We begin by preparing the frozen embryos for the long 415 00:34:37,475 --> 00:34:38,610 trip to Kenya. 416 00:34:43,281 --> 00:34:44,683 I have a number 2. 417 00:34:44,816 --> 00:34:45,717 Can you write that? 418 00:34:45,850 --> 00:34:48,119 -Yeah. -2 minus 3, 1. 419 00:34:49,187 --> 00:34:50,522 Everything is very fragile. 420 00:34:50,655 --> 00:34:52,557 If they heat up, they are dead. 421 00:34:53,792 --> 00:34:55,794 Okay, perfect. 422 00:34:57,662 --> 00:34:59,497 A lot of pressure. 423 00:34:59,631 --> 00:35:01,232 A lot of pressure on our shoulders. 424 00:35:19,317 --> 00:35:22,320 [♪ Upbeat music playing] 425 00:35:31,463 --> 00:35:34,666 [Ami] Now the stakes are much higher using the precious 426 00:35:34,799 --> 00:35:38,503 northern white rhino embryos for the first time ever. 427 00:35:44,409 --> 00:35:47,779 It's easy for people who may not be close to these animals 428 00:35:47,912 --> 00:35:51,549 to think that these are habituated creatures. 429 00:35:51,950 --> 00:35:52,884 They're not. 430 00:35:53,018 --> 00:35:55,553 These were wild rhinos that we are working with. 431 00:35:56,554 --> 00:36:00,725 You realize so many things have to be perfectly 432 00:36:00,859 --> 00:36:02,394 in place for it to go right, 433 00:36:02,627 --> 00:36:05,096 and it doesn't take a lot for things to go wrong. 434 00:36:24,682 --> 00:36:26,418 [Frank] Our new teaser bull, Jomo. 435 00:36:28,920 --> 00:36:30,655 He's not approachable like the other one. 436 00:36:32,891 --> 00:36:34,659 And he is known for ramming vehicles. 437 00:36:37,495 --> 00:36:40,198 So we have to do the darting this time by helicopter. 438 00:36:43,301 --> 00:36:45,670 Julia is with you and has prepared the ketamine dart. 439 00:36:54,979 --> 00:36:58,817 [♪ Dramatic music playing] 440 00:37:02,353 --> 00:37:04,889 [Thomas] The plan is to dart the female so we can perform 441 00:37:05,023 --> 00:37:07,225 the embryo implantation procedure. 442 00:37:09,661 --> 00:37:11,580 And hopefully we can keep Jomo away without having 443 00:37:11,663 --> 00:37:12,831 to dart him. 444 00:37:13,264 --> 00:37:15,300 He wants to be near the female, 445 00:37:15,433 --> 00:37:17,669 but it's too dangerous during the procedure. 446 00:37:19,704 --> 00:37:21,506 So we are a little bit under time pressure. 447 00:37:21,639 --> 00:37:23,208 Our team is already in the air. 448 00:37:23,808 --> 00:37:25,477 As soon as they dart the female, 449 00:37:25,610 --> 00:37:28,813 we have 30 minutes to thaw the frozen embryo and 450 00:37:28,947 --> 00:37:29,948 get it implanted. 451 00:37:39,657 --> 00:37:42,760 [Frank] Okay, just get as close as you can to the female. 452 00:37:52,337 --> 00:37:53,438 Yeah! 453 00:38:00,411 --> 00:38:02,247 [Frank] The first dart only slows her down. 454 00:38:02,747 --> 00:38:05,283 It takes two darts to put her on the ground. 455 00:38:40,785 --> 00:38:44,689 [♪ Intense music playing] 456 00:38:47,592 --> 00:38:49,694 [Frank] Jomo is running away now as well. 457 00:38:49,828 --> 00:38:51,729 We're clear. He has left the area. 458 00:38:57,735 --> 00:39:01,973 [Thomas] The surrogate is down, the bull is away, 459 00:39:02,574 --> 00:39:04,742 and now Frank is preparing the anesthesia. 460 00:39:11,683 --> 00:39:13,718 [overlapping chatter] 461 00:39:13,852 --> 00:39:15,420 [Frank] Yeah. 462 00:39:15,553 --> 00:39:17,856 Can we have some water here for, to clean the ear? 463 00:39:22,493 --> 00:39:23,795 Yeah, yeah. 464 00:39:26,531 --> 00:39:27,699 You okay? You need help? 465 00:39:27,832 --> 00:39:28,600 Yeah. 466 00:39:28,733 --> 00:39:30,768 Wait. Push it a little bit over there. 467 00:39:31,836 --> 00:39:32,904 Get the leg out. 468 00:39:33,037 --> 00:39:33,972 Okay guys. 469 00:39:34,105 --> 00:39:35,673 One, two, three. 470 00:39:35,807 --> 00:39:36,941 One, two, three. 471 00:39:37,242 --> 00:39:38,509 One, two, three. 472 00:39:38,776 --> 00:39:39,677 One, two, three. 473 00:39:39,811 --> 00:39:42,914 Get the leg out. One, two, three. 474 00:39:44,515 --> 00:39:45,850 Yeah, good. 475 00:39:47,051 --> 00:39:48,653 Yeah, have a look, wait. 476 00:39:52,490 --> 00:39:54,075 [Thomas] So we get a call and then we start our 477 00:39:54,158 --> 00:39:56,728 procedure here and joining them very soon 478 00:39:57,061 --> 00:39:58,061 for the transfer. 479 00:40:13,478 --> 00:40:14,529 [Julia] This perfect little embryo, 480 00:40:14,612 --> 00:40:17,382 which is barely visible with the eye, 481 00:40:17,515 --> 00:40:21,619 to thaw it in a safe way, it is very stressful, yes. 482 00:40:29,594 --> 00:40:32,030 [Thomas] Embryo delivery is coming! 483 00:40:32,163 --> 00:40:33,731 [cheering] 484 00:40:50,114 --> 00:40:51,749 [Thomas] We have in our catheter, 485 00:40:51,883 --> 00:40:55,787 this little tiny 100 micrometer big object which 486 00:40:55,920 --> 00:40:58,856 we transfer into this gigantic uterus. 487 00:40:59,257 --> 00:41:00,892 It's a very complicated procedure. 488 00:41:01,993 --> 00:41:05,129 So we are aware that every step of that is so sensitive, 489 00:41:05,263 --> 00:41:06,931 it can easily fail. 490 00:41:07,231 --> 00:41:10,168 It's a very tense procedure for everyone involved. 491 00:41:36,027 --> 00:41:37,128 [cheering] 492 00:41:37,261 --> 00:41:39,097 [Thomas] It's in, yeah. 493 00:41:45,670 --> 00:41:48,439 The embryo was released and this incredible 494 00:41:48,573 --> 00:41:52,110 moment we have all been dreaming of for so long has 495 00:41:52,243 --> 00:41:53,678 finally been achieved. 496 00:41:54,812 --> 00:41:56,748 We placed it in an optimal position, 497 00:41:56,881 --> 00:42:01,018 so we are quite hopeful that this first attempt in the world 498 00:42:01,152 --> 00:42:03,521 ever has success. 499 00:42:03,888 --> 00:42:06,724 Now it's on nature and praying and we will see 500 00:42:06,858 --> 00:42:08,192 what, what happens. 501 00:42:10,161 --> 00:42:13,498 [Ami] This moment, I haven't actually fully processed it yet. 502 00:42:14,132 --> 00:42:19,570 Today, I am reminded that it takes these kinds of people 503 00:42:19,704 --> 00:42:22,507 reimagining a world where we can save species 504 00:42:22,640 --> 00:42:24,809 literally from the brink of extinction. 505 00:42:26,044 --> 00:42:27,612 [Thomas] Historical moment. 506 00:42:28,980 --> 00:42:31,582 Good. Now... 507 00:42:32,650 --> 00:42:33,951 [sighs] 38486

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