All language subtitles for B.W.S09E13.Frog.Scavenger.Hunt.Stung.by.a.Stonefish.1080p.AMZN.WEB-DL.DD2.0.H.264-playWEB_track3_[eng]

So check this out.

We've got our first frog of
the night, just a little one.

I believe it is a stream frog.

Let's see if I can
catch it you see it

right there in the leaves.

Look how well camouflaged
that tiny hopper is.

Got it.

That

Is a stream frog, a
female stream frog.

And the females
with this species

get significantly
bigger than the males.

Typically, it's the males
that are found in the streams.

But females are more commonly
found in forested areas.

And one of the coolest
things about this frog

is the coloration on the
underside of its belly.

Look at all of that yellow
and orangish red speckling

and then those bright red legs.

And if you look at the
design of the frog's head,

it's almost matte in coloration.

Not so vibrant on
top, but the underside

is absolutely beautiful.

All right, let's let her go.

and carry on.

Here we go.

So it's not technically a
frog yet, but right there

is a little egg
cluster of frog eggs.

And inside, every
once in a while, you

can see the teeny
tiny tadpoles moving

within that
gelatinous structure.

That is some variety
of tree frogs.

And they are beginning
to take on life.

Very cool.

All right, guys.

We got another little frog here.

Got him.

OK.

Wow.

That is a very strong,
thick fingered dirt frog.

Now, the females do grow
larger than the males,

so I'm thinking this
is definitely a female.

What's unique about these frogs
is that they go through what's

called direct development.

So these frogs actually
lay eggs that turn

right into little froglets.

There are no tadpoles in
the life cycle of this frog.

No-- got him again.

Wow.

It is unbelievably strong.

It's like on par in strength
with the smoky jungle frog.

And they call them
thick fingered

dirt frogs because
look how big and robust

those front fingers are.

Very cool.

Well, that is another
frog to check off

on our list in tonight's
frog scavenger hunt.

Not the most
brilliantly colored one,

but the life cycle
certainly is interesting.

All right, let's keep searching.

When looking for frogs,
you're scanning down.

You're scanning up and then
back up and then back down,

back and forth back and forth.

Oh, got a frog right here.

Look at this.

Red eyed-- no.

That is a splendid
leaf frog right there.

Holy cow, look at this.

Yes.

This is, without
question, probably

the most beautiful frog we
could have come across tonight.

Unbelievable.

OK, let's see.
Don't want this guy to get away.

If he's going to go
anywhere, he's going

to jump right out onto my hand.

Got him.

All right, let me see if
we can get you to just--

there we go-- climb
right up onto my hand.

That is a frog that just
jumped onto the light.

Hold on a second.

And I was just about to
explain how like all frogs,

they can hop if they need to.

But they're much more
prone to actually walking

up and over the branches.

You can see they have these
really long, spindly legs.

And each one of those
toes is armed with a very

sticky little suction cup pad.

And in fact, their
fingers can spread out

so much that when they
jump from leaf to leaf,

they practically glide
and can move themselves

through the rainforest.

When it comes to beauty, look
at that orange coloration.

And you can't miss that
tiger striping that runs

down the sides of the body.

And look at those eyes.

They have a vertical
pupil, which

gives them the ability to
see incredibly well at night.

And that pupil expands
and contracts to allow

light to come into the eyes.

This frog is up in the
tree tops right now

hunting for primarily insects.

This frog very rarely, if ever,
comes down from the tree tops.

So for us to see one at
this level, this height

within the rainforest,
was practically

being in the right
place at the right time.

I'm just so blown
away, so awestruck

at the beauty of this frog.

All right, we're going to place
this frog back up into its tree

and see what other
species we can find.

I don't know that we're
going to find anything

more beautiful than this.

But we certainly could find
something a little bit bigger.

There it goes right
back onto the light.

So we've got another frog.

I can't tell what species it
is, very difficult to see.

I can just see its little butt
hanging down on the underside

of a leaf right there.

And there's no telling whether
or not this is solid ground

or very stinky mud.

But I'm going to go out there
and see if we can get that guy.

What I'm going to actually
do is just pick the leaf

and bring the leaf
and the frog with me.

Gives you a really
good look at just how

camouflage these frogs can be.

Legs all completely
tucked in, eyes closed.

It just looks like
a bump on a leaf.

That is the red eyed leaf frog.

Quintessential Costa
Rica right there.

This is the most famous
frog that you can

come across here in Costa Rica.

And even despite
the fact that I've

got him perched on the
edge of my thumb there,

the frog is still half asleep.

And look at that.

There's a little
nictitating membrane

that comes over the eye that
even has camouflage on it--

looks like the veins of a leaf.

This frog is an absolute master
when it comes to camouflage.

Now, one of the coolest
things about these frogs

is they are insectivores,
which means they

primarily feast on insects.

And they have teeny tiny
little teeth in those jaws,

but they actually use their
eyeballs to help push their food

down and into their throat.

So if they catch a fly
or a beetle or a moth

and begin to chomp
on it, those eyes

will help force that
insect down their throat

and eventually into
the digestive tract.

I put in quite a
bit of effort to go

out there in the mud to get you,
but you're a little camera shy.

That's OK.

You still count as another frog
in our frog scavenger hunt.

The most famous
frog we could have

come across tonight, the one
and only red eyed leaf frog.

All right, I'm going to
go back out into the mud,

find a new leaf for
this frog, and we're

going to continue searching.

All right, got some
good water here.

Let's check this out.

Oh, careful-- slippery.

Oh, here we go.

Look at this, a glass frog.

Yes.

Very, very slowly-- right
on the edge of that leaf.

That right there is
a dwarf glass frog.

Now, here in Costa Rica, there
are 14 species of glass frog.

All of them are very unique.

Some of them actually have
completely clear undersides.

And you can see the
organs and the structure

of their underbelly
right through their skin.

Now, I don't need to physically
get hands on with this frog.

But what I will do is
bend the leaf just forward

for you a little bit there.

Now, it's on to us.

And what's really unique
about the glass frog

is that this frog's
head structure

is what actually gave
inspiration for the design

of Kermit the Frog.

How cool is that?

Kermit is, in
fact, a glass frog.

Well, of all the
frog species we were

going to come across tonight,
I was actually really hoping

that we would see a glass frog.

This is cool.

The dwarf glass
frog, the smallest

of the glass frog group.

We have to be really,
really stealthy.

Moving in on him.

His burrow is right behind him.

Got him, got him.

Holy mackerel.

Look at the size of
that smoky jungle frog.

Those forearms are
absolutely massive.

Without question, a male.

He is like Popeye.

It's like this frog has
been eating spinach.

Look at those forearms.

They are so muscular.

And that is the quintessential
call of the smoky jungle frog.

Now, they will make
that noise if they

feel as if they're in danger.

Am I going to be
eaten right now?

If I make this screaming
noise, perhaps whoever

it is that's holding
on to me will let me go

and I'll be able to escape.

Now, if the sound
doesn't drive you off,

these frogs secrete a very
potent toxin from their skin.

It smells very pungent.

And if you have any scrapes
or cuts on your fingers

and it gets in there, it is
going to burn like crazy.

And actually, if that mucus
is on your skin for too long,

it will just start
to burn on its own.

It smells absolutely terrible.

Now, the way I can
tell this is a male

is the males grow
larger than the females.

And they have these very
distinct secondary thumbs,

which actually allows them
to grip onto the females

during breeding season.

And the bigger and more dominant
the forelimbs, the more powerful

this frog is when it comes
to battling for the rights

to a breeding territory.

I know, you've got
so much to say.

We heard you the first time.

We really appreciate you
hanging out with us tonight.

Now just so it's clear,
me holding on to this frog

right now is not
causing it any pain.

I'm holding on to the big
thick muscles in the hind legs.

This distress call
is essentially

a way for this frog to escape
any potential predator.

You can imagine if
you were an ocelot

and you came into
the environment

and you bit onto this frog and
it started screaming like that,

it would startle you, giving
this frog the chance to escape.

But when it comes to
frog scavenger hunts here

in Costa Rica, I don't
think we could have

ended the night better than with
the enormous smoky jungle frog.

I'm Coyote Peterson.

Be brave, stay wild.

We'll see you on
the next adventure.

All right, let's get big boy
back down into his burrow.

Right now, we are
searching these tide pools

off the coast of Eastern
Australia for the most

toxic fish on the planet.

The stonefish is notorious
for having the most

painful sting in all of nature.

And today, I'm going to
get stung by a stonefish.

But first, we've
got to find one.

Let's get looking.

It's going

to be very hard to
find the stonefish

because in addition to
their legendary sting,

they are masters of hiding.

The key
to this is going

to be to move
slow, methodically,

and to not step
on the stonefish.

You could be looking
right at stonefish

and not even realize it.

And that's why so many people
step on them by accident.

But stonefish aren't all
we have to look out for.

This isn't the only
animal that could

do you harm here in the
tidepools off of Australia.

We also have cone snails
and the blue ringed octopus,

one of the most lethal
creatures in the world.

And not only is it risky
just being out here,

but we also have
to beat the clock.

The tide is coming in fast.

And this whole area is about
to be completely underwater.

So if we want to
catch a stonefish,

we need to do that
before it happens.

Everything looks
exactly the same.

This is going to be tough.

Oh, right there.

You see it moving?

That is the stonefish.

And I never would have
seen that fish if it didn't

give itself away by moving.

Holy smokes.

Now, these fish are
so toxic, they don't

really have a flight response.

I'm going to attempt to catch
the most toxic fish in the world

with my bare hands.

All right, here we go.

Oh, wow.

There it is.

That is the stonefish.

Look at that tide pool monster.

I can't believe we found one.

I mean, it looks
like a living rock.

I never would have spotted
this fish if it didn't move.

The fact that it
swam a little bit

there is the only reason I
was able to catch this fish.

And you can see how
docile this fish is.

It knows just how
toxic it can be.

Wow.

But the table is set
for what will be likely

the worst thing I ever take.

Placing
the stonefish in the tank

hit my nerves hard.

I'm about to get
stung by a stonefish.

Stonefish stings are said to
be one of the most painful

experiences a human can endure.

And I've already experienced my
fair share of fish stings, one

from the most common fish
sting, which is the lionfish.

And the other from the scorpion
fish, which is the most toxic

fish sting in North America.

Yeah, it got me.

Ow.

Each sting was painful,

but I was certainly
able to tough

it out with basic treatment.

However, each of those fish
fall far short of the danger

from the stonefish.

Not every day you
get to carry around the world's

most toxic fish in a tank.

This fish
might just have the worst sting

in the entire animal kingdom.

Man, my nerves are
firing right now.

Just looking at this fish
is so incredibly cool.

Look at all the growths
all over its body.

Definitely earns its
name the stonefish,

a master of camouflage.

All right.

Let's go hands on once
again with the stonefish.

The reason

I can handle this fish
is because it can only

sting from the spines on top.

Wow.

This fish has developed the most
potent fish toxin in the world.

The toxin is only
to defend itself.

Unfortunately, as
you can see, it

is so docile, that it's
very easy for people

to step on these fish.

And that is the most
common way people

are stung by the stonefish.

The toxin of this fish not only
induces extraordinary pain,

it can actually cause muscle
spasms and eventual paralysis.

And there have
even been reported

deaths from stonefish stings.

But now, I think
it's time to see how

this fish injects its venom.

I'm going to just
pour out this water.

I'm going to use this little
tank here as a platform.

This fish is
perfectly fine being

out of the water for
extended periods of time

because they've adapted
the ability to actually

hold water in their gills.

It's not uncommon
to see stonefish

just laying on the rocks
in these tide pools.

So the little bit of time
that we have it here in front

of the cameras, totally fine.

All right.

So I brought with me
a piece of neoprene.

I'm going to use this piece
of neoprene to simulate skin,

so I can show you what
would happen if you

stepped on the stonefish.

This animal has the ability to
fire its venom into the wound

created by its spine.

That's why people
who are envenomated

and step on these stonefish
end up in such a bad situation.

It's not only that it's
the most toxic venom,

it's that you also
get the most volume.

Look at how sharp that spine is.

OK, in order to
do this properly,

I do need to get out
some eye protection.

So I'm going to do that quickly.

This venom it has enough toxin
in it to cause vision problems

and perhaps, even blindness.

All right, let's
see in slow motion

how these spines inject venom.

Look at this top.

You guys ready?
Here we go.

1.

2.

3.

Oh, wow.

Look at that.

And it's like blue.

Holy cow, look at how much venom
just came out of that fish.

Let's do another one
do that one more time.

Oh, my gosh, guys.

The spines are blue.

And what's those spines
are out, they stay out.

There ready to defend.

All right, let me try these
spines on the back here.

1.

2.

3.

Wow.

That is what would be
inside of your foot

if you were to step
on a stonefish.

Now, it will
regenerate its venom.

It doesn't hurt the fish at all.

And you can see these sheaths
will just slide right back up.

But holy cow.

I got to take a minute and
process what I just saw.

Ho, ho, ho, ho, ho.

That is bad.

I won't lie.

I'm getting pretty
nervous right now.

This is something
you should never do.

I've consulted experts,
people who have been stung.

I've done my research.

I've done my homework.

But even still, I'm
extremely nervous about what

is about to happen.

It's said that this is the most
painful sting in the world.

Wish me luck.

The moment has come.

It's time to be stung by
the world's most toxic fish.

I am borderline terrified.

I have thought long and
hard about whether or not

to even go through with this.

But I'm doing this today
because through my research

on the stonefish, I have found a
lot of misinformation out there.

There is a lot of
stories that pretty

much describe certain death if
you're stung by a stonefish.

And that's just
simply not the case.

While this toxin in the base of
its spines is extremely potent,

it is thermoliable.

So if treated properly and if
needed, with medical attention,

you will survive the
sting of a stonefish.

Most of the victims that
end up dying from stonefish

stings but has more to do
with the pain and shock

that leads to cardiac arrest.

This venom is meant
to cause you pain.

But I have brought
the antidote with me

today, a thermos filled with hot
water that's around 114 degrees

Fahrenheit, a compress
to hold over the wound.

And then, of course, if
I do go into any state

of anaphylactic shock, I
always carry with me an epipen.

We are about three minutes
drive from an emergency room.

So even if the worst case
scenario does unfold today,

I should have plenty of
time to be able to get

to emergency medical attention.

All right, my plan today
is to take a micro dose

of stonefish venom.

The venom from
that neoprene trial

is already coating the spikes.

So they are locked and loaded,
ready to go when it's all said

and done.

This should be just
extraordinarily

painful for me and hopefully,
very educational for you.

This is going to likely be the
worst thing that I ever take.

I'm Mark Vins, and
I'm about to enter

the sting zone with
the stonefish, the most

toxic fish in the world.

All right, I'm going to go
with this front spine here.

Ready?

This spine, on three.

1.

2.

3.

Yep.

I already feel a burn.

I could feel it spreading
up my finger right now.

And it does not feel good.

Wow, the tide is coming in.

All right.

Here, let's-- [pained noises].

Hang on, let's move out of here.

The tide's rolling in.

Yeah, hang on.

I'm going to come over here.

Andrew, put the fish
back in the tank, man.

Right there is where
the spine went in.

Gah, immediate fire
spreading up my fingers.

I can already feel
it in these three.

Yeah, I'm OK.

I'm OK right now.

It's like a different
magnitude of pain.

It is like throbby, achy.

Hang on, I got to walk it off.

I'm going to try to tough
it out for a little bit.

I want to see how far the
venom spreads before I

start applying the first aid.

This is borderline unbearable.

Oh, my gosh.

Ooh.

I'm just like, it's
making me nervous.

Oh, my gosh.

Yeah, definitely drew
a little bit of blood.

And it is hot.

It's like, closing my
hand is becoming hard.

Yeah, it's spreading.

It's like all up the
back of my hand now.

I think I need to go
for the hot water, guys.

I don't want this
to spread anymore.

Going to the hot water.

There we go.

Stone fish is good.

Now, I need to fix myself.

So this hot water will actually
stop the venom from working

and should help my pain.

Every bit is painful
as advertised.

I never want to do that again.

And I need to get more
hot water on this sting.

And hopefully,
the pain subsides.

But it's still
increasing for me.

Tingling
pain continued to build

and spread up through my
shoulder all the way to my neck.

Even a month after the
sting, I still have numbness

and tingles in my fingers.

The immediate pain wasn't enough
to send me to the hospital.

But as we released
the stonefish,

I could imagine
what would happen

if a full load of its venom
were to go on my foot.

That instance would send you
directly to the hospital.

And if you're ever
stung, please,

you should seek medical
attention as soon as possible.

Needless to say, the
stonefish certainly

lives up to the legend
of being the most

painful fish on the planet.