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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:11,924 --> 00:00:14,101 Welcome to Creature Features. 2 00:00:14,231 --> 00:00:15,928 Right now, I'm exploring an abandoned road 3 00:00:16,059 --> 00:00:17,930 in the back country of West Virginia, 4 00:00:18,061 --> 00:00:19,932 and I'm searching for one of this state's most 5 00:00:20,063 --> 00:00:22,892 common amphibians, the Fowler's toad. 6 00:00:23,023 --> 00:00:24,937 And I have a feeling with a little bit of searching 7 00:00:25,068 --> 00:00:27,331 and just a little bit of luck, there's a really good 8 00:00:27,462 --> 00:00:29,159 chance we're going to find one. 9 00:00:32,380 --> 00:00:33,729 Here we go. 10 00:00:33,859 --> 00:00:35,426 Oh, this is perfect. 11 00:00:35,557 --> 00:00:39,909 All of that wetland area is perfect for toad breeding. 12 00:00:40,040 --> 00:00:42,042 In the spring, you'll find males and females 13 00:00:42,172 --> 00:00:43,782 in these pockets of water. 14 00:00:43,913 --> 00:00:46,176 They're usually breeding at night and during the day, 15 00:00:46,307 --> 00:00:48,526 they're hiding up in the grasses and the underbrush. 16 00:00:48,657 --> 00:00:49,919 So I have a feeling this is probably 17 00:00:50,050 --> 00:00:51,268 a great place to start looking. 18 00:00:53,836 --> 00:00:56,186 Here's another pocket of water. 19 00:00:56,317 --> 00:00:57,057 Ooh, look at this. 20 00:00:57,187 --> 00:00:57,970 Yes. 21 00:00:58,101 --> 00:00:59,581 Tadpoles, check it out. 22 00:00:59,711 --> 00:01:03,498 Those are definitely toad tadpoles. 23 00:01:03,628 --> 00:01:05,804 Wow. 24 00:01:05,935 --> 00:01:08,938 Like I said, where are you find the tadpoles, 25 00:01:09,069 --> 00:01:10,592 you're definitely going to find the toads. 26 00:01:10,722 --> 00:01:12,159 We must be close. 27 00:01:12,289 --> 00:01:13,595 This is definitely a good area to start exploring. 28 00:01:19,818 --> 00:01:21,342 There is a toad. 29 00:01:21,472 --> 00:01:24,301 I knew we'd eventually find one. 30 00:01:24,432 --> 00:01:25,607 Gotcha. 31 00:01:25,737 --> 00:01:27,565 OK, let's talk toads. 32 00:01:30,786 --> 00:01:32,048 OK, here we go. 33 00:01:32,179 --> 00:01:34,224 Five things that you probably didn't know 34 00:01:34,355 --> 00:01:35,791 about the Fowler's toad. 35 00:01:35,921 --> 00:01:37,184 Now when you look at the small amphibian, 36 00:01:37,314 --> 00:01:38,794 you may be saying to yourselves, well, it 37 00:01:38,924 --> 00:01:40,578 looks a lot like an American toad, 38 00:01:40,709 --> 00:01:43,190 and both species are incredibly common in the Eastern United 39 00:01:43,320 --> 00:01:44,408 States. 40 00:01:44,539 --> 00:01:45,714 But the way to tell the difference 41 00:01:45,844 --> 00:01:47,324 between a Fowler's and an American toad 42 00:01:47,455 --> 00:01:49,413 is the distinct design. 43 00:01:49,544 --> 00:01:51,937 The Fowler's Toad has a very unique 44 00:01:52,068 --> 00:01:55,550 v-shaped pattern that runs down the dorsal length of its body. 45 00:01:55,680 --> 00:01:57,291 You'll also notice that it doesn't have 46 00:01:57,421 --> 00:01:59,336 large warts on its hind legs. 47 00:01:59,467 --> 00:02:01,817 The American Toad has a more speckled patterning 48 00:02:01,947 --> 00:02:04,907 and it also has those large warts on its back legs. 49 00:02:05,037 --> 00:02:07,953 So that's how basically you can tell the difference. 50 00:02:08,084 --> 00:02:11,218 Number two, while they are without question adorable 51 00:02:11,348 --> 00:02:13,437 and for the most part safe to interact with, 52 00:02:13,568 --> 00:02:16,223 all toads are technically poisonous. 53 00:02:16,353 --> 00:02:18,399 That poison is stored in a gland known 54 00:02:18,529 --> 00:02:20,792 as the parotid gland right behind the eye 55 00:02:20,923 --> 00:02:22,229 and above the ear. 56 00:02:22,359 --> 00:02:24,056 Now poison can be secreted from that gland 57 00:02:24,187 --> 00:02:27,016 or from pores that run down the length of the toad's body. 58 00:02:27,147 --> 00:02:29,758 That poison is used as a deterrent to predators. 59 00:02:29,888 --> 00:02:31,934 While it can be toxic to some species, 60 00:02:32,064 --> 00:02:34,371 it's not necessarily lethal to humans, which 61 00:02:34,502 --> 00:02:36,025 means they are safe to catch. 62 00:02:36,156 --> 00:02:37,940 But if you do admire a toad, I always 63 00:02:38,070 --> 00:02:39,811 recommend that you wash your hands afterwards 64 00:02:39,942 --> 00:02:41,552 because those toxins can be slightly 65 00:02:41,683 --> 00:02:43,467 irritating to the skin. 66 00:02:43,598 --> 00:02:47,210 Number three, toads are aggressive predators, 67 00:02:47,341 --> 00:02:49,691 and they will eat pretty much anything they come across that 68 00:02:49,821 --> 00:02:51,171 can fit in their mouths. 69 00:02:51,301 --> 00:02:54,565 Insects, arachnids, worms, but they specialize 70 00:02:54,696 --> 00:02:56,350 in seeking out beetles. 71 00:02:56,480 --> 00:02:58,700 I'm talking about the bugs, not the relatively 72 00:02:58,830 --> 00:03:00,702 famous musicians. 73 00:03:00,832 --> 00:03:02,878 Number four, the females generally 74 00:03:03,008 --> 00:03:04,575 tend to be bigger than the males, 75 00:03:04,706 --> 00:03:07,491 and given the size of this toad, I'm guessing it's a male. 76 00:03:07,622 --> 00:03:09,189 During breeding season, the females 77 00:03:09,319 --> 00:03:11,060 will specifically choose the males 78 00:03:11,191 --> 00:03:14,063 that they mate with based on their distinct call, which 79 00:03:14,194 --> 00:03:15,847 means that if you're a gentleman toad, 80 00:03:15,978 --> 00:03:17,501 and you're looking for a romantic date, 81 00:03:17,632 --> 00:03:20,374 the better you are at singing, the better the chances 82 00:03:20,504 --> 00:03:22,419 you'll find your soul mate. 83 00:03:22,550 --> 00:03:24,726 Number five, during breeding season, 84 00:03:24,856 --> 00:03:27,598 males and females will gather together in pools of water 85 00:03:27,729 --> 00:03:31,428 where the females are capable of laying up to 10,000 eggs. 86 00:03:31,559 --> 00:03:33,387 After the males fertilize those eggs, 87 00:03:33,517 --> 00:03:35,606 they eventually hatch into tadpoles, 88 00:03:35,737 --> 00:03:37,826 and after several weeks, metamorphosis 89 00:03:37,956 --> 00:03:39,741 into teeny, tiny toads. 90 00:03:39,871 --> 00:03:42,091 And there you have it, five things that you likely didn't 91 00:03:42,222 --> 00:03:44,267 know about the Fowler's Toad. 92 00:03:44,398 --> 00:03:45,616 I'm Coyote Petersen. 93 00:03:45,747 --> 00:03:47,139 Be brave. 94 00:03:47,270 --> 00:03:48,489 Stay wild. 95 00:03:48,619 --> 00:03:50,404 We'll see you on the next Creature Feature. 96 00:04:02,242 --> 00:04:05,810 Deep within the mist covered mountains, a complex network 97 00:04:05,941 --> 00:04:09,031 of rivers and streams cut through the ancient landscape 98 00:04:09,161 --> 00:04:11,294 of Japan. 99 00:04:11,425 --> 00:04:14,776 Crystal clear and often fast flowing, 100 00:04:14,906 --> 00:04:18,562 these waters provide a refuge for various aquatic species, 101 00:04:18,693 --> 00:04:21,565 including one of the planet's largest amphibians, 102 00:04:21,696 --> 00:04:23,785 the Japanese giant salamander. 103 00:04:27,310 --> 00:04:29,530 And while we will certainly be putting a focused effort 104 00:04:29,660 --> 00:04:32,489 on getting that species up close for the cameras, 105 00:04:32,620 --> 00:04:34,709 today we are in search of its smaller 106 00:04:34,839 --> 00:04:38,539 and strangely more dangerous cousin, the fire belly newt. 107 00:04:41,455 --> 00:04:44,153 The Tottori Prefecture is one of the most 108 00:04:44,284 --> 00:04:49,680 remote and biologically diverse ecosystems in all of Japan. 109 00:04:49,811 --> 00:04:52,509 The dense forests and lush landscapes 110 00:04:52,640 --> 00:04:55,295 are teeming with wildlife, and if you make your way 111 00:04:55,425 --> 00:04:58,428 into the valleys, you find the source of this location's 112 00:04:58,559 --> 00:05:02,780 life, its waterways. 113 00:05:02,911 --> 00:05:06,436 Wow, there's some huge rocks. 114 00:05:06,567 --> 00:05:08,917 Look at that. 115 00:05:09,047 --> 00:05:11,833 Absolutely massive. 116 00:05:11,963 --> 00:05:15,097 You don't want one of these toppling down on your head. 117 00:05:15,227 --> 00:05:17,186 It'll crush your whole body. 118 00:05:17,317 --> 00:05:20,015 We are exploring a river habitat that 119 00:05:20,145 --> 00:05:21,582 is strewn full of these boulders, 120 00:05:21,712 --> 00:05:26,456 but you see there are also these calm pockets that 121 00:05:26,587 --> 00:05:28,240 don't have any flow to them. 122 00:05:28,371 --> 00:05:31,896 Now what we're searching for are Japanese fire belly newts. 123 00:05:32,027 --> 00:05:33,985 They are very prominent in this location. 124 00:05:34,116 --> 00:05:35,596 With just a little bit of effort, 125 00:05:35,726 --> 00:05:37,902 we should be able to get some up close for the camera. 126 00:05:38,033 --> 00:05:39,251 All right, I'm just ahead of the team. 127 00:05:39,382 --> 00:05:41,515 I'm going to scout down around this bend. 128 00:05:41,645 --> 00:05:43,125 Keep your fingers crossed, guys. 129 00:05:43,255 --> 00:05:44,605 This might be a newt episode. 130 00:05:47,564 --> 00:05:51,481 With my eyes focused, I search the pockets of water hoping 131 00:05:51,612 --> 00:05:54,266 to catch sight of any fleeing animals, 132 00:05:54,397 --> 00:05:56,878 and it wasn't long before I successfully 133 00:05:57,008 --> 00:06:01,622 came upon our target species. 134 00:06:01,752 --> 00:06:06,975 Coming up to these pockets here, I got a whole cluster of newts. 135 00:06:07,105 --> 00:06:09,760 This is exactly what we've been looking for. 136 00:06:09,891 --> 00:06:11,806 Got to use all fours. 137 00:06:11,936 --> 00:06:12,850 OK. 138 00:06:16,854 --> 00:06:19,204 All right, guys, so we forged across the main stretch 139 00:06:19,335 --> 00:06:21,859 of the river, and I found this pocket that is filled 140 00:06:21,990 --> 00:06:24,079 with Japanese fire belly newts. 141 00:06:24,209 --> 00:06:27,517 Now what I have with me is the Brave Wilderness Adventure Kit, 142 00:06:27,648 --> 00:06:30,172 blood collection container, which today is going 143 00:06:30,302 --> 00:06:31,826 to double for handling newts. 144 00:06:31,956 --> 00:06:33,480 So if you guys are ready, I'm going to pick up 145 00:06:33,610 --> 00:06:35,133 a couple of them out of this pocket, 146 00:06:35,264 --> 00:06:36,961 and we're going to get them up close for the cameras. 147 00:06:37,092 --> 00:06:38,528 All right. 148 00:06:38,659 --> 00:06:39,616 Now where did they go? 149 00:06:39,747 --> 00:06:42,314 Here's one here. 150 00:06:42,445 --> 00:06:43,403 Oh. 151 00:06:43,533 --> 00:06:44,316 Here you go. 152 00:06:44,447 --> 00:06:45,666 Here you go. 153 00:06:45,796 --> 00:06:46,971 I'm just going to grab a handful of them. 154 00:06:47,102 --> 00:06:48,756 We'll really just look at one. 155 00:06:48,886 --> 00:06:50,758 Look at that little guy right there. 156 00:06:50,888 --> 00:06:51,846 Hi, buddy. 157 00:06:51,976 --> 00:06:53,325 I saw a really big one. 158 00:06:53,456 --> 00:06:55,502 Where did it go? 159 00:06:55,632 --> 00:06:59,288 And they blend perfectly into all of these leaves. 160 00:06:59,419 --> 00:07:00,985 I'm just trying to gently move the environment 161 00:07:01,116 --> 00:07:03,814 around a little bit until one swims, 162 00:07:03,945 --> 00:07:04,946 and then we'll be able to catch it. 163 00:07:05,076 --> 00:07:06,164 Oh, there this is. 164 00:07:06,295 --> 00:07:06,991 It's back in the corner right here. 165 00:07:07,122 --> 00:07:07,862 You see it? 166 00:07:07,992 --> 00:07:09,951 Yes. 167 00:07:10,081 --> 00:07:11,213 Oh, yeah. 168 00:07:11,343 --> 00:07:12,562 Oh, there's two actually. 169 00:07:12,693 --> 00:07:13,563 One right next to each other. Nice. 170 00:07:13,694 --> 00:07:14,869 I'm going to get them both. 171 00:07:14,999 --> 00:07:16,000 Two newts at once. There we go. 172 00:07:16,131 --> 00:07:16,958 Got them. 173 00:07:17,088 --> 00:07:17,915 Double catch. 174 00:07:18,046 --> 00:07:19,961 Double newt catch. 175 00:07:20,091 --> 00:07:23,573 All right, well, I think four is a good collection. 176 00:07:23,704 --> 00:07:25,270 That's awesome. 177 00:07:25,401 --> 00:07:26,489 All right, let's get them up here into the better light 178 00:07:26,620 --> 00:07:27,490 and get them up close to the cameras. 179 00:07:32,495 --> 00:07:35,324 Now I said it when we walked up and caught these newts 180 00:07:35,455 --> 00:07:38,240 that these are Japanese fire belly newts, 181 00:07:38,370 --> 00:07:40,808 and while they may appear to be adorable, 182 00:07:40,938 --> 00:07:43,375 and there's no argument as to whether or not they are, 183 00:07:43,506 --> 00:07:47,597 this is one of the most toxic amphibian species in the world. 184 00:07:47,728 --> 00:07:49,469 Now I wanted to collect a few of them out 185 00:07:49,599 --> 00:07:51,166 of that little pocket of water. 186 00:07:51,296 --> 00:07:53,211 Look at them all just piled up in there crawling around. 187 00:07:53,342 --> 00:07:54,996 Gives you the good opportunity for some B-roll 188 00:07:55,126 --> 00:07:56,867 shots on their bellies, but I know 189 00:07:56,998 --> 00:07:58,260 what you guys really want me to do is 190 00:07:58,390 --> 00:07:59,870 free handle one of these newts. 191 00:08:00,001 --> 00:08:02,220 And don't worry, it's going to be completely fine. 192 00:08:02,351 --> 00:08:03,831 I just want to be as gentle as possible 193 00:08:03,961 --> 00:08:05,702 and not put any stress on the animal. 194 00:08:05,833 --> 00:08:07,878 Because if I do, they're going to secrete that toxin. 195 00:08:08,009 --> 00:08:09,532 OK, I'm going to get the biggest one out of there. 196 00:08:09,663 --> 00:08:11,186 You guys ready? Yep. 197 00:08:11,316 --> 00:08:15,103 I'm just going to sort of set the container down here. 198 00:08:15,233 --> 00:08:16,670 Oh. 199 00:08:16,800 --> 00:08:18,062 How many newts total did we get? 200 00:08:18,193 --> 00:08:20,325 I picked up four, but I think there were six 201 00:08:20,456 --> 00:08:22,240 in that little pocket of water. 202 00:08:22,371 --> 00:08:26,157 I'm just going to handle a single one. 203 00:08:26,288 --> 00:08:27,594 There we go. 204 00:08:27,724 --> 00:08:30,510 It'll be a little easier to see it like this. 205 00:08:30,640 --> 00:08:33,208 Look at that newt. 206 00:08:33,338 --> 00:08:36,254 Wow, look how cute it is. 207 00:08:36,385 --> 00:08:37,995 That's amazing. 208 00:08:38,126 --> 00:08:41,346 As you look at the back of this newt, from the dorsal side, 209 00:08:41,477 --> 00:08:43,218 it looks just like the California 210 00:08:43,348 --> 00:08:46,221 newt or the rough skinned newts that we saw in California. 211 00:08:46,351 --> 00:08:48,615 But if you turn it to the underside, 212 00:08:48,745 --> 00:08:52,053 you can see where it gets that name fire belly, 213 00:08:52,183 --> 00:08:56,057 and that bright red coloration is a very apparent sign, 214 00:08:56,187 --> 00:09:01,584 an aposematic sign, that this is one incredibly toxic amphibian. 215 00:09:01,715 --> 00:09:05,370 Now just behind the head here, you see those two little lumps 216 00:09:05,501 --> 00:09:06,937 just above the ear? 217 00:09:07,068 --> 00:09:09,897 Just like a toad, these newts have a parotid gland. 218 00:09:10,027 --> 00:09:13,074 That parotid gland is filled with poison. 219 00:09:13,204 --> 00:09:15,990 Now if something comes in and threatens to eat this newt, 220 00:09:16,120 --> 00:09:18,819 it will secrete poison from that parot gland. 221 00:09:18,949 --> 00:09:21,909 It has a very noxious smell and a very pungent taste. 222 00:09:22,039 --> 00:09:25,390 So that first defense mechanism basically says to any predator, 223 00:09:25,521 --> 00:09:26,261 don't eat me. 224 00:09:26,391 --> 00:09:27,915 I don't taste good. 225 00:09:28,045 --> 00:09:29,917 But if that doesn't deter the predator from turning 226 00:09:30,047 --> 00:09:32,920 this creature into a meal, the toxins inside of its body, 227 00:09:33,050 --> 00:09:34,878 within its skin and within its muscles, 228 00:09:35,009 --> 00:09:36,750 are actually much more potent. 229 00:09:36,880 --> 00:09:38,752 In fact, it is one of the six most 230 00:09:38,882 --> 00:09:41,232 potent toxins in the world. 231 00:09:41,363 --> 00:09:42,973 It's a neurotoxic poison. 232 00:09:43,104 --> 00:09:46,542 That poison can kill you in as few as six hours. 233 00:09:46,673 --> 00:09:48,936 So it doesn't matter if you are a human or an animal, 234 00:09:49,066 --> 00:09:52,069 if you eat this newt, you are going to die. 235 00:09:52,200 --> 00:09:53,593 And is there any antidote? 236 00:09:53,723 --> 00:09:56,334 There is no antidote for the poison 237 00:09:56,465 --> 00:09:58,336 that this newt contains within its body. 238 00:09:58,467 --> 00:10:01,601 So the reason for this aposematic coloration, 239 00:10:01,731 --> 00:10:05,213 that bright color is a warning that if you eat me, 240 00:10:05,343 --> 00:10:09,260 I am guaranteed to be the last thing you ever eat. 241 00:10:09,391 --> 00:10:11,654 Now I'm sure a lot of you are looking at the species saying 242 00:10:11,785 --> 00:10:13,743 to yourself, well, wait a minute, 243 00:10:13,874 --> 00:10:15,397 I've seen these in a pet store. 244 00:10:15,527 --> 00:10:17,747 Some of you may even have one of these newts as a pet. 245 00:10:17,878 --> 00:10:18,835 Mark, I think you said-- 246 00:10:18,966 --> 00:10:19,880 I had one. 247 00:10:20,010 --> 00:10:20,924 You had one as a kid, right? 248 00:10:21,055 --> 00:10:22,099 Yeah. 249 00:10:22,230 --> 00:10:23,710 Well, here's how the toxins work. 250 00:10:23,840 --> 00:10:27,757 The toxins come from the little insects that they eat. 251 00:10:27,888 --> 00:10:30,194 All of that potency has to do with the food 252 00:10:30,325 --> 00:10:32,544 that the amphibian consumes within the environment. 253 00:10:32,675 --> 00:10:34,024 Once they're in captivity and they're 254 00:10:34,155 --> 00:10:37,245 eating captive newt food, those toxins diminish 255 00:10:37,375 --> 00:10:38,812 and they are not as potent. 256 00:10:38,942 --> 00:10:40,901 Still, even if you have a newt at home, 257 00:10:41,031 --> 00:10:42,990 any time you handle it, you definitely 258 00:10:43,120 --> 00:10:44,600 want to wash your hands. 259 00:10:44,731 --> 00:10:47,037 And you always want to handle it as gently as possible 260 00:10:47,168 --> 00:10:50,911 because they usually secrete the toxin when they feel stressed. 261 00:10:51,041 --> 00:10:53,087 Now is that as big as they get? 262 00:10:53,217 --> 00:10:54,566 They do get a little bit bigger than this, 263 00:10:54,697 --> 00:10:56,438 and the males are larger than the females. 264 00:10:56,568 --> 00:10:58,048 So this one is a male. 265 00:10:58,179 --> 00:11:00,311 You can see how prominent and lengthy that tail is. 266 00:11:00,442 --> 00:11:01,748 Look at that. 267 00:11:01,878 --> 00:11:03,097 It works like a rudder to help him quickly 268 00:11:03,227 --> 00:11:04,707 move through the environment. 269 00:11:04,838 --> 00:11:07,057 And when they swim, they will actually tuck their legs 270 00:11:07,188 --> 00:11:10,147 against the side of their body just like that, almost 271 00:11:10,278 --> 00:11:13,237 like an alligator, and then they will thrust themselves forward 272 00:11:13,368 --> 00:11:15,413 with the power of that tail. 273 00:11:15,544 --> 00:11:18,068 Now aside from it being toxic, like I said, 274 00:11:18,199 --> 00:11:21,463 they are very cute, but they're also voracious predators. 275 00:11:21,593 --> 00:11:23,160 These newts will feast upon anything 276 00:11:23,291 --> 00:11:25,075 they come across in the environment that will 277 00:11:25,206 --> 00:11:26,468 fit inside of their mouths. 278 00:11:26,598 --> 00:11:29,297 So little arthropods, small little shrimp, 279 00:11:29,427 --> 00:11:31,429 will even occasionally take really small frogs 280 00:11:31,560 --> 00:11:33,649 and other small salamanders. 281 00:11:33,780 --> 00:11:35,869 Now are these common in Japan? 282 00:11:35,999 --> 00:11:37,522 Incredibly common. 283 00:11:37,653 --> 00:11:39,873 If you come to any aquatic environment, any Freshwater 284 00:11:40,003 --> 00:11:42,179 environment, whether it's a flowing stream, a pond, 285 00:11:42,310 --> 00:11:44,225 or even an agricultural area, you will 286 00:11:44,355 --> 00:11:46,575 oftentimes find these newts. 287 00:11:46,706 --> 00:11:49,317 Well, we came to Japan with the goal of getting one 288 00:11:49,447 --> 00:11:51,319 of the largest amphibians in the world, 289 00:11:51,449 --> 00:11:54,670 the Japanese giant salamander up close for the cameras. 290 00:11:54,801 --> 00:11:56,890 But we certainly couldn't pass up the opportunity 291 00:11:57,020 --> 00:12:00,545 to also feature one of its smallest, cutest and certainly 292 00:12:00,676 --> 00:12:03,113 most toxic amphibian species. 293 00:12:03,244 --> 00:12:04,506 I'm Coyote Petersen. 294 00:12:04,636 --> 00:12:06,073 Be brave. 295 00:12:06,203 --> 00:12:07,683 Stay wild. 296 00:12:07,814 --> 00:12:09,119 We'll see you on the next adventure. 297 00:12:14,037 --> 00:12:17,475 The fire belly newt is one of the most toxic amphibians 298 00:12:17,606 --> 00:12:20,348 in the world, yet their calm demeanor 299 00:12:20,478 --> 00:12:23,307 and adorable nature disguise them as if they 300 00:12:23,438 --> 00:12:25,396 are completely harmless. 301 00:12:25,527 --> 00:12:28,835 It's certainly best to admire newts from a safe distance. 302 00:12:28,965 --> 00:12:32,664 However, if you do encounter and handle one, 303 00:12:32,795 --> 00:12:35,363 just make sure to wash your hands afterwards. 304 00:12:41,935 --> 00:12:43,937 In the Costa Rican rainforest, 305 00:12:44,067 --> 00:12:49,159 wildlife is present in nearly every direction you look. 306 00:12:49,290 --> 00:12:52,380 However, many of our adventures through this environment 307 00:12:52,510 --> 00:12:54,730 can be quite challenging. 308 00:12:54,861 --> 00:12:57,428 And rarely is the target species simply 309 00:12:57,559 --> 00:13:00,475 spotted by just surveying our immediate surroundings. 310 00:13:03,478 --> 00:13:05,610 Nearly all of the creatures we search for 311 00:13:05,741 --> 00:13:09,658 are well adapted to staying hidden, and not only from us, 312 00:13:09,789 --> 00:13:12,139 but also from their predatory foes 313 00:13:12,269 --> 00:13:16,230 that may be lurking just in the shadows. 314 00:13:16,360 --> 00:13:18,188 Tonight we are on location at one 315 00:13:18,319 --> 00:13:20,147 of our favorite destinations in all 316 00:13:20,277 --> 00:13:22,540 of Latin America, the Costa Rican 317 00:13:22,671 --> 00:13:24,629 Amphibian Research Center. 318 00:13:24,760 --> 00:13:26,762 This Reserve's extraordinary efforts 319 00:13:26,893 --> 00:13:30,244 to rehabilitate and restore specific amphibian populations 320 00:13:30,374 --> 00:13:33,073 might just make our expedition tonight, well, 321 00:13:33,203 --> 00:13:35,205 a little easier than normal. 322 00:13:35,336 --> 00:13:37,773 And the creature we're after is actually one 323 00:13:37,904 --> 00:13:39,688 that I've been particularly keen to find 324 00:13:39,819 --> 00:13:44,258 since we first started exploring this part of the world. 325 00:13:44,388 --> 00:13:45,694 What's going on, guys? 326 00:13:45,825 --> 00:13:47,565 I'm Mark Vins, and we have hiked all the way 327 00:13:47,696 --> 00:13:50,394 out here in the rainforest to find a very 328 00:13:50,525 --> 00:13:52,483 specific species of frog. 329 00:13:52,614 --> 00:13:56,574 In fact, one of the frogs that I have been looking for for three 330 00:13:56,705 --> 00:14:01,144 years, and we have finally found a place where I think we're 331 00:14:01,275 --> 00:14:02,015 going to get some luck. 332 00:14:02,145 --> 00:14:03,016 Come check this out. 333 00:14:06,846 --> 00:14:08,760 You see that there? 334 00:14:08,891 --> 00:14:11,981 This is an artificial breeding habitat 335 00:14:12,112 --> 00:14:15,637 and those there are actually tadpoles 336 00:14:15,767 --> 00:14:16,943 of the splendid leaf frog. 337 00:14:17,073 --> 00:14:17,900 Come over here, Mario. 338 00:14:18,031 --> 00:14:19,510 Get a tight shot of that. 339 00:14:19,641 --> 00:14:20,947 See all those tadpoles? 340 00:14:21,077 --> 00:14:22,687 Oh, yeah. 341 00:14:22,818 --> 00:14:25,038 Turns out this breeding site is working quite well. 342 00:14:25,168 --> 00:14:28,693 In fact, when the reserve was founded over 16 years ago, 343 00:14:28,824 --> 00:14:30,782 there was only a single tree that 344 00:14:30,913 --> 00:14:34,351 was able to be located that housed the splendid leaf frog. 345 00:14:34,482 --> 00:14:36,919 And since that time, and the implementation 346 00:14:37,050 --> 00:14:39,835 of these breeding sites, they've actually been able to boost 347 00:14:39,966 --> 00:14:42,533 the population five-fold. 348 00:14:42,664 --> 00:14:44,927 Now what the frogs will do at a site like this is they 349 00:14:45,058 --> 00:14:46,581 will actually come in-- 350 00:14:46,711 --> 00:14:50,715 let me see if I can find some eggs. 351 00:14:50,846 --> 00:14:52,195 I don't see-- 352 00:14:52,326 --> 00:14:53,805 Oh, here we go. 353 00:14:53,936 --> 00:14:56,112 Do you see that right there? 354 00:14:56,243 --> 00:14:58,462 It looks like the remnants of an egg mass. 355 00:14:58,593 --> 00:14:59,724 A lot of these have already hatched 356 00:14:59,855 --> 00:15:01,465 and have dropped in the water. 357 00:15:01,596 --> 00:15:03,511 What will happen is the frogs will lay eggs on the leaves, 358 00:15:03,641 --> 00:15:05,034 and then when the tadpoles hatch, 359 00:15:05,165 --> 00:15:07,689 they'll actually fall down into this water pocket. 360 00:15:07,819 --> 00:15:09,909 And then they'll go through their larval stage, 361 00:15:10,039 --> 00:15:12,128 and they'll actually emerge as little frogs. 362 00:15:12,259 --> 00:15:15,131 So we know there's tadpoles, we know there's eggs, 363 00:15:15,262 --> 00:15:18,265 with any luck, mom and dad should be close by. 364 00:15:18,395 --> 00:15:19,266 Let's start looking. 365 00:15:30,103 --> 00:15:31,887 All right, I see one. 366 00:15:32,018 --> 00:15:32,801 You guys rolling? 367 00:15:32,932 --> 00:15:33,845 You have a shot? 368 00:15:33,976 --> 00:15:35,238 I need to find a stick. 369 00:15:35,369 --> 00:15:40,069 All right, this one should do, and what's 370 00:15:40,200 --> 00:15:44,508 really cool about these frogs is that they're 371 00:15:44,639 --> 00:15:48,338 actually pretty docile. 372 00:15:48,469 --> 00:15:53,604 This little guy, if we're lucky, should crawl right up. 373 00:15:53,735 --> 00:15:56,216 Hey. 374 00:15:56,346 --> 00:16:01,699 Crawl right up on the stick just like that. 375 00:16:01,830 --> 00:16:03,701 Wow. 376 00:16:03,832 --> 00:16:06,356 The splendid leaf frog. 377 00:16:06,487 --> 00:16:08,489 Nice to meet you. 378 00:16:08,619 --> 00:16:12,058 Finally found one after all these years. 379 00:16:12,188 --> 00:16:13,320 Check that out. 380 00:16:13,450 --> 00:16:15,148 Hello. 381 00:16:15,278 --> 00:16:17,715 All right, guys, let's head back on trail so we can get this guy 382 00:16:17,846 --> 00:16:18,803 up close to the cameras. 383 00:16:18,934 --> 00:16:21,371 All right. 384 00:16:21,502 --> 00:16:23,895 Yes, look at this. 385 00:16:24,026 --> 00:16:24,940 Whoo. 386 00:16:27,725 --> 00:16:29,510 The splendid leaf frog. 387 00:16:29,640 --> 00:16:33,905 After three years of extensively searching this property, 388 00:16:34,036 --> 00:16:37,518 we have finally got to meet one of the most 389 00:16:37,648 --> 00:16:41,174 beautiful species here in Latin America, in my opinion. 390 00:16:41,304 --> 00:16:45,439 I mean, look at those brilliant orange pads. 391 00:16:45,569 --> 00:16:46,657 Totally vibrant. 392 00:16:46,788 --> 00:16:48,703 And look at those eyes. 393 00:16:48,833 --> 00:16:52,054 Just like a pale gray with a slight halo of yellow 394 00:16:52,185 --> 00:16:53,099 surrounding them. 395 00:16:53,229 --> 00:16:53,882 Can you get that shot, Mario? 396 00:16:54,013 --> 00:16:54,883 Oh, yeah. 397 00:16:55,014 --> 00:16:55,884 Get in tight on those eyes. 398 00:16:56,015 --> 00:16:57,059 Beautiful. 399 00:16:57,190 --> 00:16:58,539 What do unique looking leaf frog. 400 00:16:58,669 --> 00:17:01,411 I mean, we've featured all kinds of species 401 00:17:01,542 --> 00:17:03,892 so far on "Brave Wilderness," everything from red eye leaf 402 00:17:04,023 --> 00:17:08,766 frogs, to poison frogs, to bull frogs, to smoky jungle frogs, 403 00:17:08,897 --> 00:17:11,247 but I have to say of all the frogs 404 00:17:11,378 --> 00:17:13,641 that we've had in front of the cameras so far, 405 00:17:13,771 --> 00:17:17,906 this one, the splendid leaf frog, is the most impressive. 406 00:17:18,037 --> 00:17:19,125 Here, let me flip it around so you can 407 00:17:19,255 --> 00:17:21,649 see the backside of the frog. 408 00:17:21,779 --> 00:17:24,826 You can see how well they can camouflage when they tuck in. 409 00:17:24,956 --> 00:17:27,959 These flaps of skin cover all this coloring during the day. 410 00:17:28,090 --> 00:17:29,265 So they can be up in the treetops 411 00:17:29,396 --> 00:17:30,875 and you would never see them. 412 00:17:31,006 --> 00:17:33,748 They blend in very, very well with their surroundings, 413 00:17:33,878 --> 00:17:35,576 and as far as what these frogs are eating here 414 00:17:35,706 --> 00:17:37,404 in the rainforest, basically anything 415 00:17:37,534 --> 00:17:39,014 that can fit in their mouths. 416 00:17:39,145 --> 00:17:40,929 They're eating a lot of insects, a lot of invertebrates. 417 00:17:41,060 --> 00:17:43,540 Potentially anything that crawls in front of their face 418 00:17:43,671 --> 00:17:45,194 is fair game. 419 00:17:45,325 --> 00:17:46,456 And you may be asking yourself, what 420 00:17:46,587 --> 00:17:49,024 might actually eat this frog? 421 00:17:49,155 --> 00:17:51,070 And the answer to that would be snakes. 422 00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:52,636 There are many species of snakes that 423 00:17:52,767 --> 00:17:54,247 live here in the rainforest that would 424 00:17:54,377 --> 00:17:56,292 call this little guy lunch. 425 00:17:56,423 --> 00:17:59,991 But one snake in particular would be the parrot snake, 426 00:18:00,122 --> 00:18:03,430 because that species of snake is arboreal and likes to climb 427 00:18:03,560 --> 00:18:06,476 trees during the day looking for sleeping 428 00:18:06,607 --> 00:18:09,175 leaf frogs like this one. 429 00:18:09,305 --> 00:18:11,829 So while this little guy might be out here at night foraging 430 00:18:11,960 --> 00:18:14,789 for food, during the day, he's hunkered down hiding 431 00:18:14,919 --> 00:18:17,574 from those pesky parrot snakes. 432 00:18:17,705 --> 00:18:21,143 Look at how well it is staying put on that stick. 433 00:18:21,274 --> 00:18:22,710 Mario, are you getting great shots or what? 434 00:18:22,840 --> 00:18:24,190 Yeah, it's probably one of the easiest 435 00:18:24,320 --> 00:18:25,147 frogs I've ever filmed. 436 00:18:25,278 --> 00:18:26,061 Right? 437 00:18:26,192 --> 00:18:27,541 This is amazing. 438 00:18:27,671 --> 00:18:30,109 I mean, it's almost like striking a pose. 439 00:18:30,239 --> 00:18:32,676 Look at that. 440 00:18:32,807 --> 00:18:35,636 Now you guys know I absolutely love frogs. 441 00:18:35,766 --> 00:18:38,813 Frogs are by far my favorite land animal, 442 00:18:38,943 --> 00:18:43,513 and this frog has got to be at the top of the list. 443 00:18:43,644 --> 00:18:46,342 Not quite the green and black poison frog, which as you all 444 00:18:46,473 --> 00:18:47,691 know, is my favorite. 445 00:18:47,822 --> 00:18:52,479 I would say this frog is a close second. 446 00:18:52,609 --> 00:18:53,784 So cool. 447 00:18:53,915 --> 00:18:55,395 So unique. 448 00:18:55,525 --> 00:18:57,440 And the striping on the sides there. 449 00:18:57,571 --> 00:19:01,444 In fact, let me get a little water on my hand. 450 00:19:01,575 --> 00:19:04,665 You never want to hold any amphibian with dry hands 451 00:19:04,795 --> 00:19:09,060 because it wicks moisture away from their bodies. 452 00:19:09,191 --> 00:19:12,542 So I'm going to wet my hands there a little bit. 453 00:19:12,673 --> 00:19:14,327 And you definitely don't want to wear bug spray either. 454 00:19:14,457 --> 00:19:16,024 That's the one thing if you're ever 455 00:19:16,155 --> 00:19:19,114 going to handle any amphibian, whether it be a bull frog 456 00:19:19,245 --> 00:19:21,508 in the pond next to your house or a salamander 457 00:19:21,638 --> 00:19:23,423 that you find crawling along the forest, 458 00:19:23,553 --> 00:19:25,686 you always want to make sure you have no bug spray 459 00:19:25,816 --> 00:19:28,471 and you have a little bit of moisture on your fingers. 460 00:19:28,602 --> 00:19:31,431 And then, of course, you want to be as gentle as possible. 461 00:19:31,561 --> 00:19:34,173 Let me see if I can get this little frog 462 00:19:34,303 --> 00:19:36,610 to step up on my finger here. 463 00:19:36,740 --> 00:19:37,872 There you go. 464 00:19:38,002 --> 00:19:39,656 Perfect. 465 00:19:39,787 --> 00:19:41,441 How about that? 466 00:19:41,571 --> 00:19:42,920 Can you see those stripes? 467 00:19:43,051 --> 00:19:43,791 Oh, yeah. 468 00:19:43,921 --> 00:19:45,358 Gorgeous. 469 00:19:45,488 --> 00:19:50,885 Look at how vivid the stripes on that frog are. 470 00:19:51,015 --> 00:19:53,801 You can definitely see why they call these little guys 471 00:19:53,931 --> 00:19:56,891 the tigers of the leaf frogs. 472 00:19:57,021 --> 00:20:00,242 Just amazing. 473 00:20:00,373 --> 00:20:01,939 Well, how about that? 474 00:20:02,070 --> 00:20:04,333 After three years of coming to the Costa Rican Amphibian 475 00:20:04,464 --> 00:20:08,555 Research Center, we finally got to meet the splendid leaf frog. 476 00:20:08,685 --> 00:20:09,904 I'm Mark Vins. 477 00:20:10,034 --> 00:20:12,080 Be brave. 478 00:20:12,211 --> 00:20:13,603 Stay wild. 479 00:20:13,734 --> 00:20:15,170 We'll see you on the next adventure. 480 00:20:15,301 --> 00:20:17,041 All right, let's go put this guy back on his leaf. 481 00:20:22,046 --> 00:20:24,571 I must say having the opportunity to meet 482 00:20:24,701 --> 00:20:27,574 this charismatic creature and witness the resurgence 483 00:20:27,704 --> 00:20:29,793 of the splendid leaf frog on this reserve 484 00:20:29,924 --> 00:20:32,361 will go down as one of my favorite experiences 485 00:20:32,492 --> 00:20:34,755 at the Costa Rican Amphibian Research Center. 486 00:20:38,759 --> 00:20:40,021 When exploring in the wild, 487 00:20:40,151 --> 00:20:42,023 one of my favorite things about the desert 488 00:20:42,153 --> 00:20:45,244 is that you never know what you are going to come across. 489 00:20:45,374 --> 00:20:47,376 And if you dare to go out and explore under the darkness 490 00:20:47,507 --> 00:20:50,249 of night, Arizona Sonoran Desert is a world 491 00:20:50,379 --> 00:20:52,903 of biological diversity. 492 00:20:53,034 --> 00:20:53,948 Oh, look at this right here. 493 00:20:54,078 --> 00:20:55,297 Little lizard. 494 00:20:55,428 --> 00:20:56,777 It is a Western banded gecko. 495 00:20:56,907 --> 00:20:58,387 Oh, look at him. 496 00:20:58,518 --> 00:20:59,780 He's seen us Now he flicked his tail up in the air. 497 00:20:59,910 --> 00:21:01,869 He's basically saying stay back. 498 00:21:01,999 --> 00:21:03,827 I am a little beast. 499 00:21:03,958 --> 00:21:06,656 And that he is, but this is one of the friendliest lizard 500 00:21:06,787 --> 00:21:08,832 species we could have come across here in the desert, 501 00:21:08,963 --> 00:21:10,443 and they're extremely fragile so I'm going 502 00:21:10,573 --> 00:21:12,227 to be extra gentle with him. 503 00:21:12,358 --> 00:21:13,097 Come here. 504 00:21:13,228 --> 00:21:14,838 Got him. 505 00:21:14,969 --> 00:21:18,407 This is the famous little gecko species that lives out here 506 00:21:18,538 --> 00:21:21,454 in the Sonoran Desert, and unfortunately 507 00:21:21,584 --> 00:21:23,412 for this little guy, if he's not careful, 508 00:21:23,543 --> 00:21:25,719 he's going to stumble upon what we're really looking for, 509 00:21:25,849 --> 00:21:27,982 rattlesnakes and scorpions. 510 00:21:28,112 --> 00:21:30,985 You are just too cute to be eaten by either of those two. 511 00:21:31,115 --> 00:21:32,769 We're going to let him back off into the desert. 512 00:21:32,900 --> 00:21:34,293 You stay safe, little guy. 513 00:21:34,423 --> 00:21:37,992 Always cool to come across a Western banded gecko. 514 00:21:38,122 --> 00:21:40,211 See you later. 515 00:21:40,342 --> 00:21:43,954 Capturing a gecko is what I would call a pleasant surprise, 516 00:21:44,085 --> 00:21:47,175 but I think we all know that lurking in the shadows you can 517 00:21:47,306 --> 00:21:49,395 also find a whole bunch of creatures that are 518 00:21:49,525 --> 00:21:51,179 better suited for nightmares. 519 00:21:51,310 --> 00:21:55,226 Some of them have close to 1,000 legs, some have only 100, 520 00:21:55,357 --> 00:21:57,490 which isn't as bad by comparison, 521 00:21:57,620 --> 00:22:01,189 but these giants are also armed with a very painful venomous 522 00:22:01,320 --> 00:22:02,364 bite. 523 00:22:02,495 --> 00:22:04,148 Then you have the spiders, big and 524 00:22:04,279 --> 00:22:06,455 hairy or small and stealthy. 525 00:22:06,586 --> 00:22:08,892 That right there is a black widow. 526 00:22:09,023 --> 00:22:11,242 Pick your venom wisely because sometimes 527 00:22:11,373 --> 00:22:15,116 it's the little guy that packs the most powerful punch. 528 00:22:15,246 --> 00:22:18,380 Oh, yeah, then there are the three scorpion species. 529 00:22:18,511 --> 00:22:23,646 You know, stripe-tailed, desert hairy, and bark. 530 00:22:23,777 --> 00:22:26,040 That's a giant desert hairy. 531 00:22:26,170 --> 00:22:27,998 Oh, he's big one too. 532 00:22:28,129 --> 00:22:30,871 Wow, look at that. 41042

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