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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:42,720 All I remember about the next thing is a blinding flash and, you know, a terrible bloody smell 2 00:00:42,720 --> 00:00:52,120 of cordite and things like that, but it was all just a mess, because the Germans, anything 3 00:00:52,120 --> 00:00:59,120 that was moving, they were shooting. 4 00:00:59,120 --> 00:01:14,760 The beach was covered in bodies and tanks and smoke. 5 00:01:14,760 --> 00:01:29,520 Everything was brighter, in my mind, than it would have been normally. 6 00:01:29,520 --> 00:01:43,440 This was it. 7 00:01:44,440 --> 00:01:47,440 Can you tell me about D-Day itself? 8 00:02:07,440 --> 00:02:11,440 Testing, testing, one, two, three. Testing, testing, one, two, three. 9 00:02:11,440 --> 00:02:18,440 Testing, testing, one, two, three. 10 00:02:18,440 --> 00:02:20,440 What had they told you beforehand to expect? 11 00:02:20,440 --> 00:02:25,440 Expect hell. They didn't lie to us about that. 12 00:02:25,440 --> 00:02:30,440 It was sheer nerves. Exhilarating nerves, if you know what I mean. 13 00:02:30,440 --> 00:02:45,440 Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well-trained, well-equipped and battle-hardened. 14 00:02:45,440 --> 00:02:47,440 He will fight savagely. 15 00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:14,440 Mr Kelly, real one, can you tell me whereabouts you were born, please, first of all? 16 00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:26,440 Well, I was born in Liverpool, in a street called Doncaster Street. 17 00:03:26,440 --> 00:03:28,440 And what did your father do? 18 00:03:28,440 --> 00:03:37,440 My father was a sailmaker, and so was his entire family, actually. 19 00:03:37,440 --> 00:03:40,440 When the war came, what were you doing then? 20 00:03:40,440 --> 00:03:52,440 I think I was about 17 years of age. The bombing started at the end of, well, the early 1941. 21 00:03:52,440 --> 00:03:56,440 The corner of the street was actually destroyed by a semi-bomb. 22 00:03:56,440 --> 00:03:59,440 So I signed up for the Royal Marines. 23 00:03:59,440 --> 00:04:05,440 Because my eldest brother was already in the Marines then, and he was on leave. 24 00:04:05,440 --> 00:04:09,440 And he looked absolutely magnificent in his blue uniform. 25 00:04:17,440 --> 00:04:20,440 Why did you immediately volunteer? 26 00:04:20,440 --> 00:04:26,440 Well, it was a feeling amongst young men at that time that something was going to happen, 27 00:04:26,440 --> 00:04:30,440 and the Germans were at it again, and we weren't going to let them do that. 28 00:04:30,440 --> 00:04:41,440 And pride, I suppose, and patriotism, and the unknown sense of adventure again, I suppose. 29 00:04:41,440 --> 00:04:47,440 I told my mother that I was going to join the Marines, and of course she was upset. 30 00:04:47,440 --> 00:04:50,440 What did your mother say to you when you found out? 31 00:04:50,440 --> 00:04:52,440 Er... 32 00:04:52,440 --> 00:04:55,440 Please don't go. 33 00:04:55,440 --> 00:04:59,440 Wait until your father comes home. I'll talk it over with him. 34 00:05:05,440 --> 00:05:10,440 In 1944, World War II has been raging for over four years. 35 00:05:11,440 --> 00:05:15,440 From one side of Europe virtually to the other is under German control. 36 00:05:15,440 --> 00:05:17,440 This is Nazi territory. 37 00:05:17,440 --> 00:05:21,440 Germany is beginning to bring the war increasingly to Britain's doorstep, 38 00:05:21,440 --> 00:05:25,440 and there's a sense that, really, Britain's the only little bit that's left. 39 00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:28,440 The Allies had been thinking about how to get back into Europe 40 00:05:28,440 --> 00:05:32,440 ever since the defeat at Dunkirk in 1940. 41 00:05:32,440 --> 00:05:35,440 The ultimate goal is to get into Germany, 42 00:05:36,440 --> 00:05:39,440 the end point being that they get to Berlin, 43 00:05:39,440 --> 00:05:44,440 that they can overthrow Hitler in his own city at the very centre of the Third Reich. 44 00:05:44,440 --> 00:05:47,440 The Allies contemplated various different options for how this could be done, 45 00:05:47,440 --> 00:05:50,440 the best way, ultimately, to get to Germany. 46 00:05:50,440 --> 00:05:54,440 And they reasoned that the only way to do that is via northern France, 47 00:05:54,440 --> 00:05:57,440 just across the Channel from Britain. 48 00:05:58,440 --> 00:06:02,440 But to do this, they would need hundreds of thousands of men, 49 00:06:02,440 --> 00:06:05,440 and volunteers like James Kelly were key. 50 00:06:27,440 --> 00:06:30,440 I got a text emerald out of Majesty's safe. 51 00:06:30,440 --> 00:06:33,440 She said, what's this? 52 00:06:33,440 --> 00:06:36,440 So I said, I don't know. 53 00:06:36,440 --> 00:06:40,440 She said, what are you going to tell your father? 54 00:06:40,440 --> 00:06:42,440 So I said, I'm not sure. 55 00:06:42,440 --> 00:06:45,440 But I said, I'll do it on the face of the Germans and him. 56 00:06:57,440 --> 00:07:01,440 GERMANY, SEPTEMBER 1941 57 00:07:03,440 --> 00:07:09,440 For six months, I was at the Resistance Nest 62 58 00:07:09,440 --> 00:07:12,440 on the beach of the Kolewilfsee Sea. 59 00:07:21,440 --> 00:07:24,440 We wanted to defend our homeland. 60 00:07:24,440 --> 00:07:27,440 Because for us, our homeland was, 61 00:07:27,440 --> 00:07:30,440 through the many bomb attacks, 62 00:07:30,440 --> 00:07:34,440 more and more drawn into the Greeks. 63 00:07:38,440 --> 00:07:42,440 Every single soldier in these Resistance Nests 64 00:07:42,440 --> 00:07:47,440 was ordered to fight to the last cartridge and not to surrender. 65 00:07:47,440 --> 00:07:50,440 People like Franz Goeppel believed, 66 00:07:50,440 --> 00:07:54,440 if the Allies land, he would have to fight and die. 67 00:07:54,440 --> 00:07:57,440 There was only a slim chance to survive. 68 00:08:02,440 --> 00:08:05,440 Germany always knew that the Allies 69 00:08:05,440 --> 00:08:08,440 were highly likely to mount an invasion. 70 00:08:10,440 --> 00:08:12,440 And in anticipation of that, 71 00:08:12,440 --> 00:08:15,440 they created a huge series of fortifications 72 00:08:15,440 --> 00:08:19,440 all along the north of Europe that became known as the Atlantic Wall. 73 00:08:19,440 --> 00:08:21,440 Gun positions, bunkers, etc, 74 00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:25,440 that were all put together with the single intention of ensuring 75 00:08:25,440 --> 00:08:29,440 that if the Allies were to come, when the Allies came, 76 00:08:29,440 --> 00:08:32,440 then they would be pushed straight back into the ocean. 77 00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:37,440 The Germans also started to fortify the beaches, 78 00:08:37,440 --> 00:08:41,440 putting all sorts of armaments, barbed wire, huge pieces of equipment 79 00:08:41,440 --> 00:08:45,440 that would basically stop any landing force from being able to get too far. 80 00:08:46,440 --> 00:08:49,440 The beaches themselves were also mined. 81 00:08:49,440 --> 00:08:52,440 And above the beaches, there were strongpoints, 82 00:08:52,440 --> 00:08:56,440 manned by German troops who were armed with machine guns. 83 00:09:16,440 --> 00:09:20,440 When you look at the average German infantry division 84 00:09:20,440 --> 00:09:23,440 in the West in June 1944, 85 00:09:23,440 --> 00:09:26,440 they normally consist of 40% young recruits, 86 00:09:26,440 --> 00:09:30,440 17 or 18 years old, with still a solid training, 87 00:09:30,440 --> 00:09:33,440 but without any war experience. 88 00:09:35,440 --> 00:09:37,440 The German infantry division, 89 00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:40,440 which consisted of 40% young recruits, 90 00:09:40,440 --> 00:09:42,440 17 or 18 years old, 91 00:09:42,440 --> 00:09:44,440 with still a solid training, 92 00:09:44,440 --> 00:09:46,440 but without any war experience. 93 00:10:13,440 --> 00:10:17,440 Eventually, the Allies identified five beach landing areas 94 00:10:17,440 --> 00:10:20,440 across Normandy in northern France, 95 00:10:20,440 --> 00:10:23,440 where over 100,000 troops would land on D-Day. 96 00:10:24,440 --> 00:10:28,440 From the West, they went from Utah, Omaha, 97 00:10:28,440 --> 00:10:31,440 Gold, Juneau, and Sorbonne. 98 00:10:32,440 --> 00:10:35,440 The Allies were able to secure the beaches, 99 00:10:35,440 --> 00:10:38,440 and the Germans were able to secure the beaches. 100 00:10:38,440 --> 00:10:42,440 Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juneau, and Sorbonne. 101 00:10:42,440 --> 00:10:47,440 So Utah and Omaha were identified as being the American beaches. 102 00:10:47,440 --> 00:10:50,440 Juneau was going to be the Canadian beach, 103 00:10:50,440 --> 00:10:53,440 and then Gold and Sorbonne were Britain's beaches. 104 00:10:54,440 --> 00:10:57,440 It's really important to be clear about the fact 105 00:10:57,440 --> 00:11:01,440 that nothing of this scale had ever been attempted in human history. 106 00:11:01,440 --> 00:11:04,440 This is an event without precedent. 107 00:11:05,440 --> 00:11:08,440 The undertaking that was D-Day was absolutely vast. 108 00:11:08,440 --> 00:11:10,440 It's almost impossible to imagine. 109 00:11:10,440 --> 00:11:13,440 It's an incredible test of logistics. 110 00:11:13,440 --> 00:11:16,440 To have the right amount of aircraft, ships, landing craft, 111 00:11:16,440 --> 00:11:20,440 everybody ready at the same moment when they could launch this attack. 112 00:11:26,440 --> 00:11:29,440 It was going to need a massive amount of training for the troops involved, 113 00:11:29,440 --> 00:11:32,440 and a massive amount of new technology to be refined. 114 00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:36,440 Because, of course, the means of achieving this had never been done before. 115 00:11:37,440 --> 00:11:39,440 It's all very well to talk about secrecy, 116 00:11:39,440 --> 00:11:41,440 to hope that all this is private, 117 00:11:41,440 --> 00:11:44,440 but you would have had to have been blind and deaf, really, 118 00:11:44,440 --> 00:11:48,440 certainly in the south of England, not to notice that something was going on. 119 00:11:49,440 --> 00:11:51,440 Every little lane, the tanks, 120 00:11:52,440 --> 00:11:55,440 well, they turned bumper to bumper, 121 00:11:55,440 --> 00:11:58,440 if I used that, track to track. 122 00:11:58,440 --> 00:12:01,440 They were parked right down one side of the road, 123 00:12:01,440 --> 00:12:05,440 underneath the overhanging trees, wherever they could get. 124 00:12:05,440 --> 00:12:08,440 But even so, they weren't camouflaged. 125 00:12:08,440 --> 00:12:10,440 You couldn't camouflage them properly. 126 00:12:10,440 --> 00:12:12,440 And you were there for everybody to see. 127 00:12:16,440 --> 00:12:19,440 You've got hundreds of thousands of troops. 128 00:12:19,440 --> 00:12:22,440 All of them need to be trained and prepared. 129 00:12:22,440 --> 00:12:24,440 And these aren't just troops from Britain, either. 130 00:12:24,440 --> 00:12:27,440 They're from Canada and America. 131 00:12:31,440 --> 00:12:34,440 OK, you're Harry NMI Parley. 132 00:12:34,440 --> 00:12:36,440 That's right. 133 00:12:36,440 --> 00:12:41,440 My serial number was 3297-3006, I recall that. 134 00:12:45,440 --> 00:12:47,440 When did you go into the army? 135 00:12:47,440 --> 00:12:52,440 I went into the army in 1943. 136 00:12:52,440 --> 00:12:56,440 I got married before... I knew I was going to be drafted. 137 00:12:56,440 --> 00:12:58,440 You were 23 years old. 138 00:12:58,440 --> 00:12:59,440 Yes. 139 00:13:02,440 --> 00:13:06,440 American troops had been arriving in record numbers 140 00:13:06,440 --> 00:13:08,440 to Great Britain since 1943. 141 00:13:08,440 --> 00:13:11,440 In fact, by the end of May 1944, 142 00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:15,440 there were more than 1.5 million US personnel on British soil. 143 00:13:15,440 --> 00:13:19,440 And they were there to support or participate in D-Day 144 00:13:19,440 --> 00:13:22,440 and the Battle of Normandy that was to follow. 145 00:13:32,440 --> 00:13:35,440 My name is Thomas William Porcella. 146 00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:39,440 I was born in New York City, October 4th, 1923. 147 00:13:41,440 --> 00:13:46,440 Men like Tom Porcella were brought over in huge troop ships 148 00:13:46,440 --> 00:13:50,440 and they would land in places like Belfast or Liverpool 149 00:13:50,440 --> 00:13:52,440 and then they would attend training camps. 150 00:13:52,440 --> 00:13:56,440 These were mostly in southern England to prepare for the invasion. 151 00:13:56,440 --> 00:13:58,440 I was thinking to myself, 152 00:13:59,440 --> 00:14:01,440 I was thinking to myself, 153 00:14:01,440 --> 00:14:03,440 this is it. 154 00:14:03,440 --> 00:14:06,440 It's just a matter of time now and I will be in combat. 155 00:14:06,440 --> 00:14:09,440 I wonder what the hell my folks are doing back home. 156 00:14:09,440 --> 00:14:13,440 I wonder if they're thinking about the invasion like we are. 157 00:14:13,440 --> 00:14:16,440 I wonder what they would think if they knew at this moment 158 00:14:16,440 --> 00:14:21,440 their son Tom was preparing himself for this big invasion. 159 00:14:21,440 --> 00:14:24,440 All sorts of thoughts went through my mind. 160 00:14:25,440 --> 00:14:31,440 I was told that all the new arrivals were to be brought to company 161 00:14:31,440 --> 00:14:34,440 from about 250 to 300, 162 00:14:34,440 --> 00:14:40,440 that they expected about 30% casualty on the invasion 163 00:14:40,440 --> 00:14:42,440 and that we were it. 164 00:14:45,440 --> 00:14:48,440 One of the really difficult things about military planning 165 00:14:48,440 --> 00:14:53,440 is that you have to plan for a number of your own men getting killed. 166 00:14:54,440 --> 00:14:58,440 The strategists and the commanders knew that they were sending 167 00:14:58,440 --> 00:15:01,440 a percentage of these young men to their deaths 168 00:15:01,440 --> 00:15:06,440 because that's the only way that the invasion could have happened. 169 00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:09,440 They just hoped that they'd done whatever they could 170 00:15:09,440 --> 00:15:11,440 to mitigate the numbers. 171 00:15:13,440 --> 00:15:17,440 We wanted to go, most of us anyway wanted to go. 172 00:15:17,440 --> 00:15:19,440 It's something that had to be done. 173 00:15:19,440 --> 00:15:23,440 It might sound a bit gung-ho, 174 00:15:23,440 --> 00:15:26,440 but that's how we felt. 175 00:15:26,440 --> 00:15:28,440 We had to go and do it. 176 00:15:30,440 --> 00:15:37,440 I don't ever remember talking to anybody who was frightened or feared. 177 00:15:39,440 --> 00:15:45,440 I don't think frightening is the word for a young man. 178 00:15:45,440 --> 00:15:47,440 It's excitement really. 179 00:15:47,440 --> 00:15:51,440 If you stand back from us and watch it, I suppose that it is frightening. 180 00:15:51,440 --> 00:15:55,440 You do get this tingling. 181 00:15:55,440 --> 00:15:59,440 But I don't think I can honestly say that I was actually frightened. 182 00:16:08,440 --> 00:16:10,440 As well as the seaborne invasion, 183 00:16:10,440 --> 00:16:14,440 there was another aspect to D-Day which was absolutely crucial 184 00:16:14,440 --> 00:16:16,440 and this was the airborne assault. 185 00:16:18,440 --> 00:16:20,440 In the middle of the night before D-Day, 186 00:16:20,440 --> 00:16:23,440 hours before the troops would land on the Normandy beaches, 187 00:16:23,440 --> 00:16:27,440 thousands of men would be dropped behind enemy lines. 188 00:16:29,440 --> 00:16:33,440 And leading one of these units was Major John Howard. 189 00:16:34,440 --> 00:16:38,440 John Howard, D-Day 190 00:16:40,440 --> 00:16:47,440 Well, I'd like to begin, at the beginning, with you. 191 00:16:48,440 --> 00:16:52,440 Well, I had a very poor childhood. 192 00:16:52,440 --> 00:16:56,440 My father, when he married my mother, 193 00:16:56,440 --> 00:16:59,440 slightly older than him, 194 00:16:59,440 --> 00:17:04,440 was a baker's roundsman with a horse and cart in London, 195 00:17:04,440 --> 00:17:07,440 in the Tomahawk Road area. 196 00:17:08,440 --> 00:17:11,440 As the eldest of a very poor family, 197 00:17:11,440 --> 00:17:15,440 I had to become a breadwinner as soon as possible. 198 00:17:17,440 --> 00:17:19,440 So I joined the army. 199 00:17:21,440 --> 00:17:24,440 I was promoted to Major. 200 00:17:27,440 --> 00:17:32,440 John Howard, he was an officer slightly different 201 00:17:32,440 --> 00:17:39,440 than the normal officer type, if you can use that expression. 202 00:17:39,440 --> 00:17:42,440 He was a dedicated man. He was a fanatic. 203 00:17:48,440 --> 00:17:51,440 He was determined to make that company the company, 204 00:17:51,440 --> 00:17:54,440 not only the best company in the outfit, in the regiment, 205 00:17:54,440 --> 00:17:56,440 but in the division. 206 00:18:01,440 --> 00:18:05,440 And the next thing I heard was that the 52nd, 207 00:18:05,440 --> 00:18:09,440 that's the 2nd Battalion, who'd come home from India, 208 00:18:11,440 --> 00:18:13,440 was going to be airborne. 209 00:18:14,440 --> 00:18:16,440 Going to be glider troops. 210 00:18:18,440 --> 00:18:20,440 And I was interested in this. 211 00:18:24,440 --> 00:18:27,440 The plan on D-Day was for some of the airborne troops 212 00:18:27,440 --> 00:18:29,440 to fly in on gliders. 213 00:18:29,440 --> 00:18:32,440 Essentially a new concept in warfare. 214 00:18:32,440 --> 00:18:35,440 They were really lightweight wooden gliders. 215 00:18:36,440 --> 00:18:39,440 They were to be towed across on D-Day on bombers 216 00:18:39,440 --> 00:18:41,440 and then they would be released. 217 00:18:41,440 --> 00:18:44,440 Of course, one of the most useful things about the gliders, 218 00:18:44,440 --> 00:18:46,440 quite apart from the fact they could put these people 219 00:18:46,440 --> 00:18:48,440 all together into one place at one time, 220 00:18:48,440 --> 00:18:50,440 is that as soon as they'd been released, 221 00:18:50,440 --> 00:18:52,440 they were completely silent. 222 00:18:52,440 --> 00:18:57,440 They were a really useful means of a surprise attack. 223 00:19:00,440 --> 00:19:02,440 What was the appeal? 224 00:19:04,440 --> 00:19:07,440 I suppose there was a bit of glamour about it as well. 225 00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:10,440 Everything was a bit hush-hush as it happened, you know. 226 00:19:14,440 --> 00:19:16,440 In the final weeks before D-Day, 227 00:19:16,440 --> 00:19:18,440 soldiers were moved to sealed camps 228 00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:20,440 where they learnt their missions. 229 00:19:20,440 --> 00:19:23,440 The soldiers inside these camps were effectively sealed off. 230 00:19:23,440 --> 00:19:26,440 They weren't allowed in or out of the camp boundaries. 231 00:19:26,440 --> 00:19:29,440 No telephone calls home, for example. 232 00:19:29,440 --> 00:19:31,440 Any correspondence would be censored. 233 00:19:31,440 --> 00:19:33,440 Secrecy was paramount. 234 00:19:35,440 --> 00:19:37,440 And I imagine that the tension started to build 235 00:19:37,440 --> 00:19:39,440 in these sealed camps as well. 236 00:19:41,440 --> 00:19:43,440 There was a sort of fever. 237 00:19:43,440 --> 00:19:46,440 And we knew that there was definitely something going on. 238 00:19:46,440 --> 00:19:48,440 A rumour started from nowhere. 239 00:19:48,440 --> 00:19:51,440 We had to attack some places, take some bridges. 240 00:19:51,440 --> 00:19:56,440 My camera was lucky to be selected for what turned out to be 241 00:19:56,440 --> 00:19:58,440 a wonderful operation. 242 00:19:58,440 --> 00:20:03,440 Glydebourne, to capture two bridges in Normandy. 243 00:20:07,440 --> 00:20:11,440 John Howard's objective on D-Day was to secure the Bennuville Bridge, 244 00:20:11,440 --> 00:20:13,440 later became known as Pegasus Bridge. 245 00:20:13,440 --> 00:20:15,440 This bridge was really critical. 246 00:20:15,440 --> 00:20:18,440 It's really close to the landing beach at Sword. 247 00:20:18,440 --> 00:20:22,440 So securing this bridge should allow the troops coming in from Sword 248 00:20:22,440 --> 00:20:25,440 and those further along to come across 249 00:20:25,440 --> 00:20:27,440 and move on towards their objectives. 250 00:20:27,440 --> 00:20:31,440 If it's not secured, it allows the Germans to do the opposite 251 00:20:31,440 --> 00:20:34,440 and move tanks and troops towards them 252 00:20:34,440 --> 00:20:38,440 and potentially to wreak havoc upon them on the beach. 253 00:20:39,440 --> 00:20:43,440 This was an incredibly bold plan by an elite unit 254 00:20:43,440 --> 00:20:46,440 that would become the start of D-Day. 255 00:20:49,440 --> 00:20:51,440 It's only a few days before D-Day itself 256 00:20:51,440 --> 00:20:53,440 that they're showing this scale model 257 00:20:53,440 --> 00:20:55,440 so that when they stepped off the plane, 258 00:20:55,440 --> 00:20:59,440 the idea was that nothing would come as a surprise. 259 00:21:00,440 --> 00:21:02,440 We all had to go into a big tent, 260 00:21:02,440 --> 00:21:07,440 and there, laying on the table, was this thing. 261 00:21:07,440 --> 00:21:10,440 We just looked at it, and there it was. 262 00:21:10,440 --> 00:21:12,440 The bridge, rivers. 263 00:21:12,440 --> 00:21:15,440 We knew there was something to do with the river. 264 00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:17,440 We knew there was something to do with the bridge. 265 00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:20,440 There was all sorts of guesses as to where it could be. 266 00:21:20,440 --> 00:21:22,440 Nobody had a clue. 267 00:21:22,440 --> 00:21:25,440 And even when we were shown it and everything else, 268 00:21:25,440 --> 00:21:27,440 we weren't told where it was. 269 00:21:30,440 --> 00:21:33,440 In the briefing, did you give them a pretty good rundown 270 00:21:33,440 --> 00:21:37,440 on not only the immediate objectives, 271 00:21:37,440 --> 00:21:41,440 but did you also then say, now, the big picture is? 272 00:21:41,440 --> 00:21:43,440 Oh, yes, everybody had that quite clear in their mind 273 00:21:43,440 --> 00:21:46,440 and knew where we fit into the picture. 274 00:21:46,440 --> 00:21:49,440 The first people to land that night, 275 00:21:49,440 --> 00:21:53,440 and it really did hit them between the eyes. 276 00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:57,440 MUSIC PLAYS 277 00:22:07,440 --> 00:22:11,440 The night before D-Day, over 7,000 boats set off, 278 00:22:11,440 --> 00:22:15,440 laden with troops, weapons, tanks and explosives 279 00:22:15,440 --> 00:22:19,440 from different points all along the south coast of Britain. 280 00:22:19,440 --> 00:22:22,440 They would travel through the night and wait off the French coast, 281 00:22:22,440 --> 00:22:25,440 ready to launch the assault the next morning. 282 00:22:28,440 --> 00:22:31,440 Well, on the night of the 5th, we went. 283 00:22:31,440 --> 00:22:33,440 It's an amazing, amazing sight. 284 00:22:35,440 --> 00:22:40,440 Everywhere you looked, there were ships of all shapes and sizes. 285 00:22:41,440 --> 00:22:45,440 The sky always seemed to be full of hour planes 286 00:22:45,440 --> 00:22:48,440 with the black and white stripes on them. 287 00:22:48,440 --> 00:22:51,440 And everything seemed to stand out in technical. 288 00:22:51,440 --> 00:22:52,440 It seemed to be... 289 00:22:55,440 --> 00:22:57,440 ..a psychedelic picture. 290 00:22:58,440 --> 00:23:02,440 But it was a lovely feeling, because they were all ours. 291 00:23:02,440 --> 00:23:04,440 Everything was ours. 292 00:23:04,440 --> 00:23:09,440 And then we went off to Normandy, through the night. 293 00:23:10,440 --> 00:23:15,440 Everything seemed to be ex... What's the word I'm looking for? 294 00:23:15,440 --> 00:23:18,440 Exaggerated. Exaggerated, yes. 295 00:23:18,440 --> 00:23:20,440 Everything in colour. Technical. 296 00:23:26,440 --> 00:23:29,440 We went to support these landing craft infantry. 297 00:23:29,440 --> 00:23:31,440 They were very, very cramped. 298 00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:34,440 And, you know, you have memories of... 299 00:23:35,440 --> 00:23:38,440 ..of just things that may happen to you, you know. 300 00:23:38,440 --> 00:23:43,440 And what I associate with those craft were self-eating soup. 301 00:23:43,440 --> 00:23:45,440 I know it sounds outlandish, but... 302 00:23:45,440 --> 00:23:46,440 ..self-eating soup. 303 00:23:46,440 --> 00:23:49,440 It was the only way you were going to get a hot meal. 304 00:23:49,440 --> 00:23:51,440 That's what I remember about the landing craft. 305 00:23:51,440 --> 00:23:54,440 Self-eating soup and a desire to be sick. 306 00:23:54,440 --> 00:23:56,440 It was a terrible, rough crossing. 307 00:24:02,440 --> 00:24:06,440 From the Allies' perspective, D-Day was a massive gamble. 308 00:24:06,440 --> 00:24:08,440 Because if those men were to be lost 309 00:24:08,440 --> 00:24:11,440 and that equipment was to be destroyed, 310 00:24:11,440 --> 00:24:13,440 then how do you start again? 311 00:24:13,440 --> 00:24:16,440 But not only that, they would then know 312 00:24:16,440 --> 00:24:20,440 that the Germans knew what their plan was. 313 00:24:20,440 --> 00:24:23,440 So they would have to completely reconceive 314 00:24:23,440 --> 00:24:26,440 how any sort of future invasion could have worked. 315 00:24:27,440 --> 00:24:30,440 The stakes are extraordinarily high. 316 00:24:30,440 --> 00:24:34,440 And it's really impossible to overstate that point. 317 00:24:44,440 --> 00:24:46,440 You must have been apprehensive 318 00:24:46,440 --> 00:24:49,440 about the possibility of being killed on men. 319 00:24:49,440 --> 00:24:53,440 No. As a matter of fact, looking back to the fellows I spoke to 320 00:24:53,440 --> 00:24:56,440 when we did, they were so keen, 321 00:24:56,440 --> 00:25:01,440 but at the same time so ignorant of true warfare. 322 00:25:01,440 --> 00:25:04,440 And this is one of the things that keeps a man going in battle. 323 00:25:04,440 --> 00:25:07,440 He can always imagine his mate being killed. 324 00:25:07,440 --> 00:25:10,440 He can always imagine his mate being killed. 325 00:25:10,440 --> 00:25:13,440 He can always imagine himself getting a nice, tidy wound 326 00:25:13,440 --> 00:25:16,440 across the head or through the leg or the shoulder. 327 00:25:16,440 --> 00:25:19,440 The thing that keeps most men going in battle is, 328 00:25:19,440 --> 00:25:22,440 despite seeing men die left, right and centre, 329 00:25:22,440 --> 00:25:26,440 they always seem to get this idea that it's not going to be them. 330 00:25:30,440 --> 00:25:33,440 The risks with the gliders were incredibly high 331 00:25:33,440 --> 00:25:35,440 because they had no engines. 332 00:25:35,440 --> 00:25:38,440 When they were released, the pilots had really limited means 333 00:25:38,440 --> 00:25:40,440 of controlling what was happening. 334 00:25:40,440 --> 00:25:42,440 And what they were essentially doing 335 00:25:42,440 --> 00:25:45,440 was kind of a controlled crash landing. 336 00:25:45,440 --> 00:25:47,440 If they were to hit anything solid 337 00:25:47,440 --> 00:25:50,440 or to miss their original landing point, 338 00:25:50,440 --> 00:25:54,440 there was nothing that the pilot could do but accept what was to come. 339 00:25:58,440 --> 00:26:01,440 Up at the airfield, everybody went to their gliders 340 00:26:01,440 --> 00:26:04,440 to check the equipment was all tied all right. 341 00:26:08,440 --> 00:26:10,440 Before that glider went off, 342 00:26:10,440 --> 00:26:13,440 I managed to get the longest piece of chalk. 343 00:26:13,440 --> 00:26:16,440 I put Lady Irene right along the side of it. 344 00:26:16,440 --> 00:26:18,440 Lady what? Lady Irene. 345 00:26:18,440 --> 00:26:20,440 That's my wife's name. 346 00:26:20,440 --> 00:26:24,440 I put Lady Irene in great big white letters all along the side. 347 00:26:24,440 --> 00:26:27,440 And I kept that bit of chalk and I wouldn't let anybody else have it. 348 00:26:27,440 --> 00:26:29,440 Nobody else was going to scrawl on that. 349 00:26:29,440 --> 00:26:31,440 That was Lady Irene. 350 00:26:31,440 --> 00:26:33,440 And then Jack Bailey, my old mate down there, 351 00:26:33,440 --> 00:26:35,440 he's still down there with me, said, 352 00:26:35,440 --> 00:26:37,440 let's have a bit of chalk. 353 00:26:37,440 --> 00:26:39,440 Come from the same area, Lewisham. 354 00:26:39,440 --> 00:26:42,440 He said, I'll let you have it, Jack, and I want it back. 355 00:26:42,440 --> 00:26:44,440 And he put Lewisham Special on the other side. 356 00:26:44,440 --> 00:26:46,440 Lewisham Special? Lewisham. 357 00:26:46,440 --> 00:26:48,440 The borough we live in, South London. 358 00:26:59,440 --> 00:27:03,440 My clearest memory was a somewhat sad one 359 00:27:03,440 --> 00:27:05,440 of going round and giving farewell. 360 00:27:11,440 --> 00:27:13,440 It really was a tough time going round 361 00:27:13,440 --> 00:27:15,440 with a lump in your throat. 362 00:27:17,440 --> 00:27:21,440 I got back to my glider and shut the doors. 363 00:27:23,440 --> 00:27:27,440 And right on the dot of 2256 I was airborne. 364 00:27:34,440 --> 00:27:36,440 WHIRRING 365 00:27:41,440 --> 00:27:46,440 As soon as we got up to 5,000 or 6,000 feet, 366 00:27:46,440 --> 00:27:49,440 the men started loosening their tongues 367 00:27:49,440 --> 00:27:51,440 and a lot of singing went on. 368 00:27:53,440 --> 00:27:56,440 We sang everything, anything we could lay our tongues to. 369 00:27:56,440 --> 00:27:59,440 Simple as that. It was sheer nerves. 370 00:27:59,440 --> 00:28:02,440 But exhilarating nerves, if you know what I mean. 371 00:28:02,440 --> 00:28:04,440 Absolutely. 372 00:28:05,440 --> 00:28:07,440 Going through my own mind, apart from the plan 373 00:28:07,440 --> 00:28:10,440 and what was going to meet us at the other end. 374 00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:14,440 I mean, one couldn't help thinking of your family. 375 00:28:17,440 --> 00:28:21,440 Dan Brotheridge, he was the platoon commander I was closest with. 376 00:28:21,440 --> 00:28:24,440 He was the oldest officer next to me. 377 00:28:27,440 --> 00:28:30,440 Most of his platoon were cocknets. 378 00:28:30,440 --> 00:28:35,440 And I was a Londoner myself and felt very much at home with cocknets. 379 00:28:36,440 --> 00:28:40,440 My wife, Joy, and Margaret, Dan's wife, were pregnant together. 380 00:28:40,440 --> 00:28:43,440 And we discussed it quite often, Dan and I. 381 00:28:44,440 --> 00:28:46,440 He was obviously very worried 382 00:28:46,440 --> 00:28:50,440 because the date that Margaret's child was due 383 00:28:50,440 --> 00:28:52,440 was the fortnight after D-Day. 384 00:28:56,440 --> 00:28:58,440 Having a journey out, shout out. 385 00:29:00,440 --> 00:29:04,440 Something about we're over the coast, or words to that effect. 386 00:29:04,440 --> 00:29:07,440 Now you begin to get a little bit. 387 00:29:07,440 --> 00:29:09,440 Canary over occupied Europe. 388 00:29:10,440 --> 00:29:12,440 You know where I've been. 389 00:29:17,440 --> 00:29:19,440 And the next thing, we cast off. 390 00:29:21,440 --> 00:29:23,440 Seeing them stopped. 391 00:29:25,440 --> 00:29:28,440 When we levelled out a bit at 1,000 feet, 392 00:29:28,440 --> 00:29:30,440 we opened the doors of the gliders. 393 00:29:33,440 --> 00:29:37,440 Now I could look forward at the fields of France 394 00:29:38,440 --> 00:29:41,440 and it had an amazing tranquilising effect on me. 395 00:29:42,440 --> 00:29:47,440 And it was so quiet, it was like being on an exercise in England. 396 00:29:58,440 --> 00:30:01,440 But they all flew very, very high 397 00:30:01,440 --> 00:30:04,440 and soon bombarded my line. 398 00:30:05,440 --> 00:30:07,440 But we suddenly heard 399 00:30:08,440 --> 00:30:12,440 at least one very, very low-flying aircraft. 400 00:30:12,440 --> 00:30:13,440 From the noise. 401 00:30:13,440 --> 00:30:15,440 But that had irritated us. 402 00:30:15,440 --> 00:30:16,440 What was that? 403 00:30:16,440 --> 00:30:18,440 That was new to us. 404 00:30:23,440 --> 00:30:25,440 The glider suddenly did a right-hand turn. 405 00:30:29,440 --> 00:30:33,440 And we came to what we knew was going to be 406 00:30:33,440 --> 00:30:35,440 the toughest moment of the lot. 407 00:30:36,440 --> 00:30:37,440 The crash land. 408 00:30:46,440 --> 00:30:50,440 I could see the glider pilot holding that bloody great machine 409 00:30:50,440 --> 00:30:52,440 and driving it in at the last minute. 410 00:30:52,440 --> 00:30:55,440 Those damn great footballs of sweat. 411 00:30:55,440 --> 00:30:58,440 Those damn great footballs of sweat 412 00:30:58,440 --> 00:31:01,440 across his forehead and all over his face. 413 00:31:02,440 --> 00:31:03,440 And then the summit bang. 414 00:31:05,440 --> 00:31:06,440 More bang. 415 00:31:07,440 --> 00:31:09,440 Onto the top of the trees. 416 00:31:10,440 --> 00:31:11,440 And there was zombies. 417 00:31:11,440 --> 00:31:12,440 Rending. 418 00:31:12,440 --> 00:31:13,440 Splash. 419 00:31:13,440 --> 00:31:14,440 Made to lumber. 420 00:31:14,440 --> 00:31:15,440 Made to lumber. 421 00:31:23,440 --> 00:31:25,440 I wasn't prepared for that bump. 422 00:31:25,440 --> 00:31:28,440 And everything going all quiet. 423 00:31:38,440 --> 00:31:39,440 He looked around. 424 00:31:40,440 --> 00:31:41,440 God only. 425 00:31:42,440 --> 00:31:44,440 And for a moment, there wasn't a sound. 426 00:31:51,440 --> 00:31:55,440 I felt my head had been knocked rather badly. 427 00:31:57,440 --> 00:32:00,440 First thing I saw was that the door had disappeared. 428 00:32:01,440 --> 00:32:03,440 It had completely telescoped. 429 00:32:05,440 --> 00:32:08,440 I could hear the glider pilots on my right 430 00:32:08,440 --> 00:32:11,440 moaning in their cockpit, 431 00:32:11,440 --> 00:32:13,440 which seemed to have been smashed. 432 00:32:15,440 --> 00:32:19,440 But I was conscious that everybody in the glider was moving. 433 00:32:20,440 --> 00:32:25,440 I could hear the click of the safety belts being undone. 434 00:32:26,440 --> 00:32:28,440 And I knew that men were getting out of the glider 435 00:32:28,440 --> 00:32:30,440 and people were pushing in front of me 436 00:32:30,440 --> 00:32:32,440 to get through the broken door. 437 00:32:32,440 --> 00:32:36,440 As I stood there, I could see the tower of the bridge 438 00:32:37,440 --> 00:32:40,440 about 50 yards from where I was standing. 439 00:32:45,440 --> 00:32:50,440 I suppose that really was the most exhilarating moment of my life. 440 00:33:03,440 --> 00:33:05,440 I saw the smoke bomb explode. 441 00:33:06,440 --> 00:33:07,440 The phosphorus bomb. 442 00:33:08,440 --> 00:33:10,440 I heard the thud, thud, thud in the pillbox 443 00:33:11,440 --> 00:33:13,440 as the grenades exploded. 444 00:33:14,440 --> 00:33:16,440 I knew we'd get no more trouble from there. 445 00:33:17,440 --> 00:33:21,440 And the legion platoon ran across the bridge. 446 00:34:02,440 --> 00:34:12,440 We were supposed to meet up with Dan Broderidge. 447 00:34:13,440 --> 00:34:14,440 Where's Dan? 448 00:34:15,440 --> 00:34:16,440 He said, I don't know. He said, I haven't seen him. 449 00:34:16,440 --> 00:34:17,440 I haven't seen anything. 450 00:34:18,440 --> 00:34:19,440 Only as far as here. 451 00:34:20,440 --> 00:34:21,440 I started to run to go around the back end 452 00:34:22,440 --> 00:34:23,440 where he should have been. 453 00:34:23,440 --> 00:34:27,440 I ran past a bloke lying on the floor in the road. 454 00:34:28,440 --> 00:34:29,440 I looked at him. 455 00:34:30,440 --> 00:34:32,440 I went to run on and I stopped dead. 456 00:34:33,440 --> 00:34:34,440 I said, hang on. 457 00:34:35,440 --> 00:34:37,440 I came back, knelt down, 458 00:34:38,440 --> 00:34:40,440 looked at Dan Broderidge. 459 00:34:45,440 --> 00:34:47,440 I just knelt down beside him. 460 00:34:48,440 --> 00:34:50,440 His eyes were open and his lips were moving. 461 00:34:51,440 --> 00:34:52,440 I just looked at him. 462 00:34:53,440 --> 00:34:56,440 I put my hand under his head to lift him up. 463 00:34:57,440 --> 00:35:01,440 I took my hand away and put my mouth back. 464 00:35:02,440 --> 00:35:04,440 And Dan was covered in it. 465 00:35:05,440 --> 00:35:06,440 I just looked at him. 466 00:35:06,440 --> 00:35:08,440 I just didn't go like that a lot of times. 467 00:35:10,440 --> 00:35:11,440 His eyes sort of rolled back. 468 00:35:12,440 --> 00:35:14,440 Just showed from their back. 469 00:35:18,440 --> 00:35:19,440 I just looked at him right in the middle of it. 470 00:35:19,440 --> 00:35:20,440 I looked at him like, my God. 471 00:35:23,440 --> 00:35:24,440 I don't know if it was... 472 00:35:24,440 --> 00:35:25,440 Do you know what? 473 00:35:25,440 --> 00:35:27,440 I don't know if it was the bloke himself 474 00:35:27,440 --> 00:35:32,440 or all the years of training he'd put in to do a job. 475 00:35:33,440 --> 00:35:36,440 It only lasted 20 seconds, 30 seconds. 476 00:35:41,440 --> 00:35:43,440 First news I got from Den's platoon 477 00:35:43,440 --> 00:35:45,440 was the fact that he'd been... 478 00:35:48,440 --> 00:35:49,440 hit. 479 00:35:51,440 --> 00:35:53,440 And that really shook me. 480 00:35:56,440 --> 00:36:01,440 And I could see it was fatal. 481 00:36:11,440 --> 00:36:16,440 And the fact that I knew that Margaret, his wife, 482 00:36:17,440 --> 00:36:20,440 was expecting a baby almost any time. 483 00:36:21,440 --> 00:36:24,440 In the event it arrived fortnight later. 484 00:36:27,440 --> 00:36:29,440 It was at the top of my mind 485 00:36:29,440 --> 00:36:33,440 as I saw Dan carry past on that stretcher. 486 00:36:36,440 --> 00:36:38,440 A very sad moment for myself. 487 00:36:41,440 --> 00:36:43,440 And for everybody concerned. 488 00:36:50,440 --> 00:36:51,440 I was just so sad. 489 00:37:06,440 --> 00:37:08,440 John Howard and his airborne troops 490 00:37:08,440 --> 00:37:10,440 had managed to capture Banneville Bridge 491 00:37:10,440 --> 00:37:12,440 in less than 20 minutes. 492 00:37:13,440 --> 00:37:15,440 But now the airborne had to keep hold of it 493 00:37:15,440 --> 00:37:18,440 whilst they waited for the troops to arrive from Sword Beach. 494 00:37:20,440 --> 00:37:22,440 That was going to be a long night. 495 00:37:34,440 --> 00:37:36,440 In those early hours of D-Day, 496 00:37:36,440 --> 00:37:38,440 it wasn't just the British airborne troops 497 00:37:38,440 --> 00:37:40,440 who were landing behind enemy lines. 498 00:37:42,440 --> 00:37:44,440 All of a sudden we heard, 499 00:37:44,440 --> 00:37:45,440 are you ready? 500 00:37:45,440 --> 00:37:47,440 All the troopers shouted all at once, 501 00:37:47,440 --> 00:37:49,440 yeah, let's go. 502 00:37:50,440 --> 00:37:51,440 Let's go. 503 00:37:56,440 --> 00:37:58,440 The Americans dropped six parachute regiments 504 00:37:58,440 --> 00:38:02,440 behind enemy lines on the morning of the D-Day invasion. 505 00:38:02,440 --> 00:38:04,440 About 13,000 men. 506 00:38:05,440 --> 00:38:06,440 As the chute popped open, 507 00:38:06,440 --> 00:38:09,440 my head snapped forward and my feet came up. 508 00:38:09,440 --> 00:38:12,440 My elbow was pushed slightly over my face. 509 00:38:14,440 --> 00:38:16,440 The jolt of the opening of the chute 510 00:38:16,440 --> 00:38:18,440 soon made everything a reality. 511 00:38:20,440 --> 00:38:23,440 I looked up at my chute to make sure it was OK. 512 00:38:24,440 --> 00:38:27,440 Then looked down and I couldn't see anything but blackness. 513 00:38:30,440 --> 00:38:32,440 Tom Porcella's regiment's mission 514 00:38:32,440 --> 00:38:35,440 was to secure two bridges beyond Utah Beach. 515 00:38:35,440 --> 00:38:37,440 One thing that the Germans had done 516 00:38:37,440 --> 00:38:40,440 was flood fields in order to turn them into quagmires 517 00:38:40,440 --> 00:38:42,440 to slow the Allied advance down. 518 00:38:43,440 --> 00:38:46,440 Of course, the paratroopers dropped into these soaked fields 519 00:38:46,440 --> 00:38:48,440 and found themselves, in some cases, 520 00:38:48,440 --> 00:38:51,440 shoulder or neck deep in cold, freezing water 521 00:38:51,440 --> 00:38:53,440 and weighed down by their own equipment. 522 00:38:53,440 --> 00:38:54,440 Many of them drowned. 523 00:38:55,440 --> 00:38:57,440 I had the shock of my life. 524 00:38:57,440 --> 00:38:59,440 I plunged into water. 525 00:39:00,440 --> 00:39:01,440 My heart was pounding 526 00:39:01,440 --> 00:39:03,440 and my thoughts were running a mile a minute. 527 00:39:03,440 --> 00:39:05,440 How deep is this water? 528 00:39:05,440 --> 00:39:06,440 Can I get free of my chute? 529 00:39:06,440 --> 00:39:09,440 Am I too heavy? Will the weight keep me on the bottom? 530 00:39:13,440 --> 00:39:14,440 All the training I had received 531 00:39:14,440 --> 00:39:16,440 had not prepared me for such a landing. 532 00:39:16,440 --> 00:39:18,440 My eyes strained to see the landmarks 533 00:39:18,440 --> 00:39:20,440 but I could see nothing in the darkness. 534 00:39:20,440 --> 00:39:22,440 I was cold and I began to shiver. 535 00:39:23,440 --> 00:39:25,440 We realized that time was running out. 536 00:39:25,440 --> 00:39:28,440 If we were going to do anything, we better do it fast. 537 00:39:28,440 --> 00:39:30,440 So we moved as fast as we could. 538 00:39:30,440 --> 00:39:32,440 We knew it was very important 539 00:39:32,440 --> 00:39:35,440 that we leave the water before daylight. 540 00:39:46,440 --> 00:39:49,440 The first signs were on the left of us. 541 00:39:49,440 --> 00:39:51,440 We could see the weather. 542 00:39:52,440 --> 00:39:55,440 The first parachutists had already come down. 543 00:39:56,440 --> 00:40:00,440 Then we saw a lot of flashes of guns. 544 00:40:01,440 --> 00:40:04,440 We had also seen the detonation. 545 00:40:05,440 --> 00:40:08,440 We knew that something was going to happen. 546 00:40:09,440 --> 00:40:11,440 In the past weeks, German soldiers 547 00:40:11,440 --> 00:40:14,440 had been put on alert again and again. 548 00:40:14,440 --> 00:40:16,440 Many of them had become complacent. 549 00:40:17,440 --> 00:40:20,440 And even in the night from the 5th to the 6th of June 550 00:40:20,440 --> 00:40:23,440 when the first information went in 551 00:40:23,440 --> 00:40:26,440 that there was an Allied parachute drop, 552 00:40:26,440 --> 00:40:28,440 the Germans did not fully believe 553 00:40:28,440 --> 00:40:30,440 that this is the big invasion. 554 00:40:30,440 --> 00:40:32,440 The Germans did not fully believe 555 00:40:32,440 --> 00:40:34,440 that this is the big invasion. 556 00:40:34,440 --> 00:40:36,440 The Germans did not fully believe 557 00:40:36,440 --> 00:40:38,440 that this is the big invasion. 558 00:41:05,440 --> 00:41:08,440 The Allies were attacking German defences 559 00:41:08,440 --> 00:41:10,440 right across Normandy. 560 00:41:10,440 --> 00:41:13,440 And one of their targets was the Merville Battery, 561 00:41:13,440 --> 00:41:16,440 a battery commanded by Raymond Steiner. 562 00:41:16,440 --> 00:41:19,440 The Merville Battery was a collection of guns 563 00:41:19,440 --> 00:41:21,440 within reach of Sword Beach. 564 00:41:21,440 --> 00:41:23,440 The battery was stormed 565 00:41:23,440 --> 00:41:25,440 by British glider-borne infantry. 566 00:41:25,440 --> 00:41:28,440 But at the time, Raymond was a mile away 567 00:41:28,440 --> 00:41:30,440 at an observation post. 568 00:41:30,440 --> 00:41:32,440 At the time, Raymond was a mile away 569 00:41:32,440 --> 00:41:34,440 at an observation post. 570 00:41:34,440 --> 00:41:36,440 And therefore he could only hear what was happening. 571 00:42:01,440 --> 00:42:04,440 The Allies had now started the next phase of the operation. 572 00:42:09,440 --> 00:42:13,440 The Allies had now started the next phase of the operation. 573 00:42:13,440 --> 00:42:16,440 And this was pounding the German coastal defences 574 00:42:16,440 --> 00:42:19,440 with a massive aerial bombardment. 575 00:42:31,440 --> 00:42:35,440 It was so impressive that they flew right down. 576 00:42:39,440 --> 00:42:41,440 So the plan for D-Day 577 00:42:41,440 --> 00:42:43,440 was that before the landing troops 578 00:42:43,440 --> 00:42:45,440 got to the beaches, 579 00:42:45,440 --> 00:42:47,440 the Atlantic Wall in Normandy 580 00:42:47,440 --> 00:42:49,440 would be absolutely bombarded. 581 00:42:51,440 --> 00:42:53,440 What they knew 582 00:42:53,440 --> 00:42:56,440 is that it would have dreadful consequences 583 00:42:56,440 --> 00:42:58,440 for French civilians. 584 00:43:01,440 --> 00:43:03,440 France had been occupied by the Nazis 585 00:43:03,440 --> 00:43:06,440 for almost four years at that point to the day. 586 00:43:06,440 --> 00:43:08,440 People on those shores 587 00:43:08,440 --> 00:43:10,440 and a little bit inland, 588 00:43:10,440 --> 00:43:12,440 they didn't see the landings. 589 00:43:12,440 --> 00:43:14,440 They heard the landings. 590 00:43:14,440 --> 00:43:16,440 They didn't know what it was. 591 00:43:16,440 --> 00:43:18,440 It was like these rumblings. 592 00:43:18,440 --> 00:43:20,440 You know, is it thunder? 593 00:43:20,440 --> 00:43:22,440 Is it some bombardment? 594 00:43:22,440 --> 00:43:25,440 I mean, there had been bombardment all throughout 1944. 595 00:43:25,440 --> 00:43:27,440 So it wasn't completely unfamiliar, 596 00:43:27,440 --> 00:43:30,440 but there was something much more intense about it. 597 00:43:30,440 --> 00:43:32,440 And as daylight starts to come, 598 00:43:32,440 --> 00:43:35,440 then they see that this is probably the landings, 599 00:43:35,440 --> 00:43:37,440 that something is happening, 600 00:43:37,440 --> 00:43:39,440 and all they're thinking is, 601 00:43:39,440 --> 00:43:41,440 let them land elsewhere. 602 00:43:41,440 --> 00:43:43,440 Let them not land where we are, 603 00:43:43,440 --> 00:43:45,440 because that's the most dangerous. 604 00:43:57,440 --> 00:44:00,440 ♪ 605 00:44:27,440 --> 00:44:30,440 ♪ 606 00:44:38,440 --> 00:44:41,440 Andre Heinz was quite a typical resister. 607 00:44:41,440 --> 00:44:43,440 He was a young man. 608 00:44:43,440 --> 00:44:45,440 His whole generation during the occupation 609 00:44:45,440 --> 00:44:47,440 was targeted by the forced labour service 610 00:44:47,440 --> 00:44:49,440 imposed by the Germans, 611 00:44:49,440 --> 00:44:51,440 which involved young men his age 612 00:44:51,440 --> 00:44:55,440 going to Germany to work for the German military cause. 613 00:44:55,440 --> 00:44:57,440 And he was infuriated. 614 00:44:57,440 --> 00:45:00,440 He had been seeing the grip of the Germans 615 00:45:00,440 --> 00:45:03,440 of the occupation on France for years now. 616 00:45:03,440 --> 00:45:07,440 He had been waiting for this day for a long time. 617 00:45:07,440 --> 00:45:11,440 But he couldn't have known what this would really be like 618 00:45:11,440 --> 00:45:14,440 and how damaging it would be for the French people. 619 00:45:26,440 --> 00:45:29,440 ♪ 620 00:45:49,440 --> 00:45:53,440 While the Allied air forces are pounding the Atlantic wall, 621 00:45:53,440 --> 00:45:56,440 the American troop ships are anchored 622 00:45:56,440 --> 00:45:58,440 several miles off the French coast. 623 00:45:58,440 --> 00:46:01,440 These troop ships would contain the main body 624 00:46:01,440 --> 00:46:04,440 of the landing forces to hit the Normandy beaches. 625 00:46:24,440 --> 00:46:27,440 It's very uncomfortable, very, very crowded. 626 00:46:27,440 --> 00:46:29,440 We talked about life, 627 00:46:29,440 --> 00:46:34,440 and I would expect they'd take it if we were wounded 628 00:46:34,440 --> 00:46:36,440 and what would happen to us. 629 00:46:44,440 --> 00:46:46,440 We had breakfast about 4.30 a.m., 630 00:46:46,440 --> 00:46:49,440 then the planes went on the beach 631 00:46:49,440 --> 00:46:51,440 and the warships sheltered. 632 00:46:51,440 --> 00:46:53,440 We got on Higgins' boats on deck 633 00:46:53,440 --> 00:46:56,440 so we didn't have to climb down rope ladders 634 00:46:56,440 --> 00:46:58,440 like some other boats. 635 00:47:01,440 --> 00:47:04,440 The American army used Higgins' boats 636 00:47:04,440 --> 00:47:07,440 to carry platoons of soldiers from ship to shore. 637 00:47:07,440 --> 00:47:10,440 These boats were lowered from the troop ships, 638 00:47:10,440 --> 00:47:12,440 but many of the soldiers, of course, 639 00:47:12,440 --> 00:47:15,440 would have to scramble down netting to get into them. 640 00:47:15,440 --> 00:47:18,440 The boats were rising five to six feet in the air 641 00:47:18,440 --> 00:47:20,440 as they were waiting to take you down. 642 00:47:20,440 --> 00:47:23,440 We got into the boat, and with all this equipment, 643 00:47:23,440 --> 00:47:25,440 these guys climbed down. 644 00:47:25,440 --> 00:47:27,440 The first wave for all the beaches 645 00:47:27,440 --> 00:47:29,440 were to get into the channel, 646 00:47:29,440 --> 00:47:32,440 and then there was a certain amount of time 647 00:47:32,440 --> 00:47:34,440 where they had to actually circle 648 00:47:34,440 --> 00:47:38,440 while all the boats were lowered and loaded 649 00:47:38,440 --> 00:47:43,440 until the entire first wave was ready and in line. 650 00:47:51,440 --> 00:47:56,440 Everybody got sick, except me. 651 00:48:08,440 --> 00:48:10,440 As the boats approached the beaches, 652 00:48:10,440 --> 00:48:13,440 the Allies launched a massive naval bombardment 653 00:48:13,440 --> 00:48:15,440 so that by the time the landing forces 654 00:48:15,440 --> 00:48:17,440 stepped off their boats, 655 00:48:17,440 --> 00:48:20,440 then the guns that would have been firing at them 656 00:48:20,440 --> 00:48:22,440 had been destroyed. 657 00:48:47,440 --> 00:48:49,440 How shall I put it? 658 00:48:53,440 --> 00:48:56,440 Then I started to pray loudly, 659 00:48:56,440 --> 00:49:00,440 and then I tried to think through this prayer, 660 00:49:00,440 --> 00:49:04,440 what is happening now, what is coming from us. 661 00:49:11,440 --> 00:49:14,440 The bombs were firing from above, 662 00:49:14,440 --> 00:49:17,440 and they were firing from far away. 663 00:49:18,440 --> 00:49:20,440 You could hear the shot, 664 00:49:20,440 --> 00:49:22,440 and then it started. 665 00:49:23,440 --> 00:49:27,440 You can only say this acoustically. 666 00:49:28,440 --> 00:49:30,440 It goes through the marrow of the leg 667 00:49:30,440 --> 00:49:33,440 when they are firing, always taking aim. 668 00:49:35,440 --> 00:49:37,440 Does it hit me now, or does it go over? 669 00:49:38,440 --> 00:49:41,440 You are afraid of death, in any case. 670 00:49:41,440 --> 00:49:43,440 Always afraid. 671 00:49:43,440 --> 00:49:44,440 And it goes. 672 00:49:44,440 --> 00:49:45,440 That's how it went for me. 673 00:49:45,440 --> 00:49:48,440 I always thought of my mother. 674 00:49:57,440 --> 00:50:03,440 I understood that the ships were pretty close to the beach here, 675 00:50:03,440 --> 00:50:06,440 maybe 500-600 meters, 676 00:50:06,440 --> 00:50:09,440 and before the first storm, 677 00:50:09,440 --> 00:50:13,440 they fired like a fireball. 678 00:50:39,440 --> 00:50:41,440 You hear people screaming, 679 00:50:41,440 --> 00:50:46,440 you might see some of your colleagues dying, 680 00:50:46,440 --> 00:50:48,440 perishing, bodies ripped apart. 681 00:50:48,440 --> 00:50:53,440 Psychologically, this is one of the most terrifying things 682 00:50:53,440 --> 00:50:55,440 soldiers probably can ever experience. 683 00:50:56,440 --> 00:51:00,440 Those naval bombardments on top of the RAF 684 00:51:00,440 --> 00:51:02,440 was absolutely terrific. 685 00:51:02,440 --> 00:51:05,440 It's something everybody well remembered. 686 00:51:05,440 --> 00:51:07,440 And then we thought of those poor devils 687 00:51:07,440 --> 00:51:11,440 coming in by sea, in those landing launches. 688 00:51:13,440 --> 00:51:17,440 And we were damn glad that we were where we were. 689 00:51:17,440 --> 00:51:19,440 We were in the middle of the sea, 690 00:51:19,440 --> 00:51:21,440 we were in the middle of the ocean, 691 00:51:22,440 --> 00:51:26,440 and we were damn glad that we were where we were, 692 00:51:26,440 --> 00:51:28,440 relatively safe. 693 00:51:29,440 --> 00:51:32,440 I certainly wouldn't want it to be anywhere near the coast. 694 00:51:32,440 --> 00:51:34,440 We were in the middle of the sea. 695 00:51:49,440 --> 00:51:51,440 It was bombarding all night. 696 00:51:51,440 --> 00:51:54,440 We went up, our house was on the third floor. 697 00:51:55,440 --> 00:51:58,440 It was slightly overshadowed, 698 00:51:58,440 --> 00:52:00,440 and we could see the sea perfectly. 699 00:52:03,440 --> 00:52:05,440 What happened right after that? 700 00:52:05,440 --> 00:52:08,440 We saw, as soon as it was light, 701 00:52:08,440 --> 00:52:09,440 even though there was fog, 702 00:52:09,440 --> 00:52:10,440 there was a lot of fog, 703 00:52:10,440 --> 00:52:13,440 but we could perfectly see the shapes, 704 00:52:13,440 --> 00:52:18,440 the sea, with the fire coming out of the cannons. 705 00:52:18,440 --> 00:52:21,440 We could see flames on the harbour, 706 00:52:21,440 --> 00:52:23,440 and then, little by little, all over the coast. 707 00:52:23,440 --> 00:52:25,440 And we saw that it was coming at us, 708 00:52:25,440 --> 00:52:27,440 and we were very scared. 709 00:52:28,440 --> 00:52:30,440 On D-Day, lots of things went really, really well, 710 00:52:30,440 --> 00:52:31,440 and a few of them didn't, 711 00:52:31,440 --> 00:52:33,440 particularly the naval bombardment 712 00:52:33,440 --> 00:52:37,440 and airborne bombardment that preceded the invasion. 713 00:52:38,440 --> 00:52:40,440 Poor visibility and lack of time 714 00:52:40,440 --> 00:52:43,440 meant that many German defences were knocked out, 715 00:52:43,440 --> 00:52:45,440 and French civilians living near the targets 716 00:52:45,440 --> 00:52:48,440 found themselves caught up in the chaos. 717 00:52:58,440 --> 00:53:00,440 We stayed in the dining room for a while, 718 00:53:00,440 --> 00:53:02,440 and then, all of a sudden, 719 00:53:02,440 --> 00:53:04,440 the wall was crumpled, 720 00:53:04,440 --> 00:53:07,440 and the windows, all the tiles had fallen. 721 00:53:07,440 --> 00:53:10,440 So, it was really, really hard. 722 00:53:11,440 --> 00:53:13,440 And what I found funny, 723 00:53:13,440 --> 00:53:14,440 and I often thought about it, 724 00:53:14,440 --> 00:53:17,440 was that the animals were screaming, 725 00:53:17,440 --> 00:53:19,440 the neighbour's dog was howling, 726 00:53:19,440 --> 00:53:22,440 but the birds were flying around as if nothing had happened. 727 00:53:22,440 --> 00:53:23,440 We had the impression 728 00:53:23,440 --> 00:53:26,440 that it wasn't affecting the birds. 729 00:53:28,440 --> 00:53:32,440 All this time, they were shelling the beaches, 730 00:53:32,440 --> 00:53:35,440 and they were bombing the beaches. 731 00:53:35,440 --> 00:53:37,440 And it roared with the guns, 732 00:53:37,440 --> 00:53:39,440 and it roared with the diesels, 733 00:53:39,440 --> 00:53:42,440 and the thudding of the big ship itself. 734 00:53:42,440 --> 00:53:46,440 You had to shout just to be heard by the guy next to you. 735 00:53:51,440 --> 00:53:56,440 I had a very gentle lieutenant in charge of my platoon. 736 00:53:57,440 --> 00:54:00,440 He asked me what I thought about dying. 737 00:54:04,440 --> 00:54:05,440 It seemed very sad, 738 00:54:05,440 --> 00:54:08,440 and I expected him to take me in his arms, 739 00:54:08,440 --> 00:54:10,440 but that didn't happen. 740 00:54:27,440 --> 00:54:31,440 When the ships came closer in the early hours of the morning, 741 00:54:31,440 --> 00:54:34,440 and we could see the details, 742 00:54:34,440 --> 00:54:36,440 it was unimaginable for us. 743 00:54:36,440 --> 00:54:39,440 There were so many ships. 744 00:54:41,440 --> 00:54:45,440 It was like a long fence in the shade. 745 00:54:47,440 --> 00:54:51,440 From west to east, only ships. 746 00:54:52,440 --> 00:54:55,440 From west to east, only ships. 747 00:55:00,440 --> 00:55:02,440 For German defenders like Franz Gokul, 748 00:55:02,440 --> 00:55:06,440 the sight of the approaching armada must have just been terrifying. 749 00:55:06,440 --> 00:55:08,440 But despite the fact that the Allies 750 00:55:08,440 --> 00:55:11,440 had pounded the beaches in advance of the landings, 751 00:55:11,440 --> 00:55:14,440 many of the bunkers remained intact. 752 00:55:14,440 --> 00:55:19,440 The German defenders were in place to rain fire down on the beaches. 753 00:55:21,440 --> 00:55:23,440 On the way in, it was rough. 754 00:55:23,440 --> 00:55:25,440 As we got near the shore, while going in, 755 00:55:25,440 --> 00:55:29,440 we'd seen the rocket ships firing away the rockets. 756 00:55:29,440 --> 00:55:32,440 We couldn't see much because we were supposed to keep our heads down, 757 00:55:32,440 --> 00:55:34,440 and we couldn't hear anything. 758 00:55:34,440 --> 00:55:36,440 Diesel motors on the boats 759 00:55:36,440 --> 00:55:39,440 always remind me of the bus back home. 760 00:55:42,440 --> 00:55:45,440 At this time in his life, boats were getting hit. 761 00:55:45,440 --> 00:55:48,440 As we got closer, they were starting to fire. 762 00:55:49,440 --> 00:55:53,440 Incoming enemy fire was starting to come out toward us. 763 00:55:55,440 --> 00:55:58,440 I could smell the smoke, and I could hear yelling and carrying on, 764 00:55:58,440 --> 00:56:01,440 and those guys, and every once in a while, 765 00:56:01,440 --> 00:56:03,440 a guy would look up over the side and say, 766 00:56:03,440 --> 00:56:05,440 oh, shit, they're ducked down again. 767 00:56:05,440 --> 00:56:07,440 So I knew it wasn't good news. 768 00:56:18,440 --> 00:56:22,440 He came into my bunker and yelled, 769 00:56:22,440 --> 00:56:25,440 Franz, watch out, now... 770 00:56:27,440 --> 00:56:29,440 They're coming. 771 00:56:34,440 --> 00:56:36,440 Now you have to defend yourself. 772 00:56:49,440 --> 00:56:51,440 We didn't know where we were. 773 00:56:52,440 --> 00:56:54,440 We didn't know what to do. 774 00:56:56,440 --> 00:56:58,440 The ramp went down. 775 00:57:00,440 --> 00:57:04,440 And your asshole buggered up, 776 00:57:04,440 --> 00:57:06,440 took a deep breath, 777 00:57:06,440 --> 00:57:08,440 and he started to pray. 778 00:57:19,440 --> 00:57:22,440 When we got there, it was just a shambles. 779 00:57:24,440 --> 00:57:27,440 My friend was down on the deck. 780 00:57:29,440 --> 00:57:33,440 And we got on the beach, which was covered in bodies. 781 00:57:35,440 --> 00:57:38,440 There were tanks coming off and trucks coming off, 782 00:57:38,440 --> 00:57:40,440 and sinking. 783 00:57:40,440 --> 00:57:43,440 And then you just turned away, you couldn't look. 784 00:57:43,440 --> 00:57:46,440 And then you just turned away, you couldn't look. 785 00:58:13,440 --> 00:58:16,440 And then you just turned away, you couldn't look. 59379

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