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00:00:07,906 --> 00:00:12,906
Subtitles by explosiveskull
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The Earth
is 4.5 billion years old,
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00:01:49,875 --> 00:01:53,050
and its history
is recorded in the rocks.
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00:01:57,223 --> 00:02:00,996
Since 2009,
a group of scientists
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00:02:00,998 --> 00:02:03,802
has been investigating whether
our 12,000-year-old
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00:02:03,804 --> 00:02:08,079
geological epoch,
the Holocene, has ended.
7
00:02:12,554 --> 00:02:14,490
After nine years of research,
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00:02:14,492 --> 00:02:17,629
the evidence shows that
we have left the Holocene
9
00:02:17,631 --> 00:02:20,438
and entered
the Anthropocene epoch,
10
00:02:22,675 --> 00:02:26,280
because humans now change
the Earth and its systems
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00:02:26,282 --> 00:02:29,824
more than all natural
processes combined.
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00:02:49,562 --> 00:02:54,137
Six, seven,
eight... nine.
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00:03:01,251 --> 00:03:02,589
Ten.
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00:03:13,175 --> 00:03:20,024
I can confirm that this
ivory here is exactly 105 tons.
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00:03:21,759 --> 00:03:24,062
Ten thousand or so elephants...
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00:03:24,064 --> 00:03:28,137
Four, five.
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00:03:28,139 --> 00:03:33,047
I have seen estimates
of 150 million dollars...
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00:03:33,049 --> 00:03:34,783
Seven, eight, nine, ten.
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00:03:34,785 --> 00:03:37,356
The street value.
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00:03:37,358 --> 00:03:42,201
But can you imagine
10,000 elephants.
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00:03:43,670 --> 00:03:45,872
Two, three, four...
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00:03:45,874 --> 00:03:46,977
five.
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00:03:48,814 --> 00:03:49,880
Seven, eight.
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00:04:24,919 --> 00:04:28,325
We did the inventory:
three months,
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00:04:28,327 --> 00:04:30,863
to look at every piece
of ivory,
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00:04:30,865 --> 00:04:36,941
measure the weight,
try and pair them.
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00:04:36,943 --> 00:04:42,088
Every day the smell of death.
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00:04:44,858 --> 00:04:50,134
On one of the tusks was written
"Amboseli Elephant".
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00:04:50,136 --> 00:04:55,010
I've had the privilege of working in
Amboseli National Park for a long time.
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00:04:55,012 --> 00:04:58,017
And I thought this tusk
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00:04:58,019 --> 00:05:02,125
represents an elephant
I probably knew.
32
00:05:02,127 --> 00:05:06,834
This tusk will never
hit the market.
33
00:05:06,836 --> 00:05:09,072
It will never make a trinket,
34
00:05:09,074 --> 00:05:14,482
it will never become
a mantlepiece.
35
00:05:14,484 --> 00:05:19,159
I was not able to stop
this elephant from dying,
36
00:05:19,161 --> 00:05:24,005
but I'm certainly able to stop
it from being desecrated further.
37
00:06:49,140 --> 00:06:55,451
Norilsk is 320km
north of the Arctic Circle,
38
00:06:55,453 --> 00:06:58,190
and home to the largest
coloured metal mine
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00:06:58,192 --> 00:07:02,067
and heavy metals smelting
complex in the world.
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00:07:04,305 --> 00:07:07,479
It is the most polluted city
in Russia.
41
00:12:16,462 --> 00:12:18,863
Every year,
humans extract between
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00:12:18,865 --> 00:12:23,473
60 and 100 billion tons of
material from the Earth,
43
00:12:23,475 --> 00:12:28,252
and move more sediment than all
the rivers of the world combined.
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00:17:34,997 --> 00:17:36,666
We are here
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00:17:36,668 --> 00:17:38,570
in the middle
of Salar de Atacama,
46
00:17:38,572 --> 00:17:42,478
right in the heart of the
driest desert of the world.
47
00:17:42,480 --> 00:17:44,449
We are producing here, lithium,
48
00:17:44,451 --> 00:17:48,426
and we have a lot of lithium
under our feet.
49
00:18:00,482 --> 00:18:04,789
Lithium has been used for many years
in pharmaceuticals, and aluminum,
50
00:18:04,791 --> 00:18:06,993
glass, and many other
appliances,
51
00:18:06,995 --> 00:18:09,632
but the recent increase
on lithium demands
52
00:18:09,634 --> 00:18:12,573
comes from electric vehicle
batteries.
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00:18:38,156 --> 00:18:40,626
As you see we have sun everyday
54
00:18:40,628 --> 00:18:43,833
and so we have a really good
evaporation rate here.
55
00:18:43,835 --> 00:18:47,105
And that's what makes
most of the work.
56
00:18:47,107 --> 00:18:48,945
The energy comes from the sun.
57
00:19:54,943 --> 00:19:58,147
And we are proud of how we
contribute to the world,
58
00:19:58,149 --> 00:20:00,086
in the technology industry
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00:20:00,088 --> 00:20:02,791
with batteries for
electric cars,
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00:20:02,793 --> 00:20:07,337
for cellphones, for all the
appliances that we use nowadays.
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00:23:10,134 --> 00:23:15,546
Last Thursday, I think there was
the last house here.
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00:28:16,879 --> 00:28:21,153
Since Hambach
coal mine opened in 1978,
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00:28:21,155 --> 00:28:25,363
four towns have been destroyed
to make way for its expansion,
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00:28:25,365 --> 00:28:29,337
and two more are facing
relocation.
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00:28:29,339 --> 00:28:33,113
It is the largest open-pit
mine in Germany.
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00:28:39,760 --> 00:28:45,870
Terraforming is the act of altering
the Earth's surface for human needs.
67
00:28:45,872 --> 00:28:50,413
Humans now dominate over
75 percent of ice-free land
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00:28:50,415 --> 00:28:53,818
because of mining,
agriculture,
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00:28:53,820 --> 00:28:56,893
industrialization,
and urban growth.
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00:30:58,068 --> 00:31:01,205
The Earth's forests
are home to 80 percent
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00:31:01,207 --> 00:31:03,578
of terrestrial
biodiversity,
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00:31:03,580 --> 00:31:09,225
and annually absorb 30 percent of
anthropogenic carbon emissions.
73
00:31:19,044 --> 00:31:25,389
Less than 10 percent of old growth
forest remains on Vancouver Island,
74
00:31:25,391 --> 00:31:31,101
and raw log exports have increased
exponentially since 2014.
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00:31:44,227 --> 00:31:48,133
85 percent of the Earth's
forests have been cleared
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00:31:48,135 --> 00:31:51,677
fragmented or degraded
for human use.
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00:32:28,884 --> 00:32:33,291
This business,
it starts from the bush,
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00:32:33,293 --> 00:32:34,730
from the forest.
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00:32:36,398 --> 00:32:40,405
We sponsor some people
in the forest,
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00:32:40,407 --> 00:32:43,512
to cut the wood for us,
the logs.
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00:32:43,514 --> 00:32:46,817
From Bayelsa State, Rivers,
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00:32:46,819 --> 00:32:51,129
Edo, Delta, Ondo, Ogun.
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00:37:46,084 --> 00:37:49,890
The population of
Lagos has grown from 200,000
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00:37:49,892 --> 00:37:53,734
to 20 million in only
two generations.
85
00:37:55,302 --> 00:38:00,210
The world's population could
reach 10 billion by 2050,
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00:38:00,212 --> 00:38:03,984
with most people migrating to,
and living in,
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00:38:03,986 --> 00:38:05,858
large urban centers.
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00:39:23,646 --> 00:39:26,549
♪ My childhood life ♪
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00:39:26,551 --> 00:39:29,087
♪ My childhood life ♪
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00:39:29,089 --> 00:39:33,730
♪ When I spend half,
When I spend half ♪
91
00:39:33,732 --> 00:39:35,701
♪ When I spend half ♪
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00:39:35,703 --> 00:39:39,175
♪ I was born in Pumwani
I grew up in Dandora City ♪
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00:39:39,177 --> 00:39:41,280
♪ Ah, nobody by my side ♪
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00:39:41,282 --> 00:39:42,681
♪ Life is to hustle ♪
95
00:39:42,683 --> 00:39:44,286
♪ Education is the key
To success ♪
96
00:39:44,288 --> 00:39:46,255
♪ When I make my future
So bright ♪
97
00:39:46,257 --> 00:39:49,060
♪ I get a B+ in form 4
I dunno what I do ♪
98
00:39:49,062 --> 00:39:50,197
♪ Opportunity first ♪
99
00:39:50,199 --> 00:39:52,602
♪ My childhood life ♪
100
00:39:52,604 --> 00:39:55,308
♪ My childhood life ♪
101
00:39:55,310 --> 00:39:57,645
♪ When I spend half ♪
102
00:39:57,647 --> 00:40:02,053
♪ When I spend half
When I spend half ♪
103
00:40:02,055 --> 00:40:05,327
Peace all the time when
you know. I and I Shakur!
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00:40:05,329 --> 00:40:07,200
Dandora dump, east side.
105
00:41:10,192 --> 00:41:12,631
This is the biggest
dumpsite in Nairobi.
106
00:41:14,534 --> 00:41:19,675
Even in Kenya, it's the
biggest. Even in East Africa.
107
00:41:19,677 --> 00:41:22,550
And I'm proud to be in it.
108
00:41:33,204 --> 00:41:36,376
Some people collect bottles,
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00:41:36,378 --> 00:41:39,481
and they weigh them in kilos.
110
00:41:39,483 --> 00:41:42,487
They buy for us
one shilling per kilo.
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00:41:42,489 --> 00:41:46,298
When the bottles have no market,
we just collect plastics.
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00:42:23,405 --> 00:42:25,340
A quarter
of a million people
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00:42:25,342 --> 00:42:28,447
live in or around
Dandora Landfill Site,
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00:42:28,449 --> 00:42:33,292
and 6,000 people mine and work
its grounds every day.
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00:42:35,930 --> 00:42:38,701
Technofossils are
human-created objects,
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00:42:38,703 --> 00:42:41,907
such as plastic, concrete
and aluminium,
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00:42:41,909 --> 00:42:44,645
that persist in the biosphere
and eventually end up
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00:42:44,647 --> 00:42:46,818
in the rock layers
of the Earth.
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00:42:49,023 --> 00:42:52,026
The technosphere,
which is the entire aggregate
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00:42:52,028 --> 00:42:54,866
of human created
or altered material,
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00:42:54,868 --> 00:42:58,343
is estimated at
30 trillion tons.
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00:43:13,439 --> 00:43:15,172
Ladies and gentlemen,
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00:43:15,174 --> 00:43:19,147
we will soon be entering
the Gotthard Base Tunnel.
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00:43:19,149 --> 00:43:21,585
With a length of 57 kilometers,
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00:43:21,587 --> 00:43:24,492
this is the longest railway
tunnel in the world.
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00:43:24,494 --> 00:43:26,562
The journey through the tunnel
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00:43:26,564 --> 00:43:29,404
is approximately
20 minutes long.
128
00:46:34,307 --> 00:46:37,176
Humans have created
thousands of kilometers
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00:46:37,178 --> 00:46:38,914
of underground tunnels
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00:46:38,916 --> 00:46:42,252
for everything from railways,
roads, and subways
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00:46:42,254 --> 00:46:46,397
to mines, sewers,
parking lots, and reservoirs.
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00:47:22,302 --> 00:47:24,639
We need to create
new lands,
133
00:47:24,641 --> 00:47:27,378
and we need to establish these
new lands wherever they may be.
134
00:47:27,380 --> 00:47:30,251
Small plots, smallholdings.
135
00:47:38,969 --> 00:47:40,570
And intensifying yields
by doing it
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00:47:40,572 --> 00:47:43,279
in an environment
that we control.
137
00:47:45,282 --> 00:47:48,652
We're a constant 14 degrees
all year round down here.
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00:47:48,654 --> 00:47:51,561
We don't use pesticides
or herbicides.
139
00:47:53,397 --> 00:47:56,067
Our water system -
we use 70 percent less
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00:47:56,069 --> 00:48:00,109
than traditional
open-field farming.
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00:48:00,111 --> 00:48:02,480
When it comes to other inputs,
they are pretty much
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00:48:02,482 --> 00:48:05,355
traditional nutrients,
used more effectively.
143
00:48:08,428 --> 00:48:10,330
The only element of technology
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00:48:10,332 --> 00:48:12,637
is the light spectrum
within the LEDs.
145
00:48:15,776 --> 00:48:19,281
We can give the plants the exact
environment that they require
146
00:48:19,283 --> 00:48:22,189
24/7, 365 days a year.
147
00:48:53,752 --> 00:48:57,723
What we have done is taken an old
World War II air raid shelter,
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00:48:57,725 --> 00:49:01,399
that was used to protect Londoners
during the Second World War.
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00:49:01,401 --> 00:49:03,602
We've got these beds
to grow fresh produce,
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00:49:03,604 --> 00:49:05,639
where there used to be
bunk beds
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00:49:05,641 --> 00:49:07,446
for people to sleep on
down here.
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00:49:43,216 --> 00:49:45,487
Agriculture
and animal husbandry
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00:49:45,489 --> 00:49:47,456
have transformed one third
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00:49:47,458 --> 00:49:50,298
of the Earth's
ice-free land surface.
155
00:49:51,801 --> 00:49:53,870
Humans have pushed
or surpassed
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00:49:53,872 --> 00:49:56,474
correlatable boundaries
for nitrogen,
157
00:49:56,476 --> 00:49:58,880
phosphate and potash
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00:49:58,882 --> 00:50:01,755
because of their use
in fertilizer.
159
00:50:05,429 --> 00:50:07,697
Nitrogen and phosphorus
levels in soil
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00:50:07,699 --> 00:50:10,970
have doubled
in the last century,
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00:50:10,972 --> 00:50:14,811
representing the largest impact
on the nitrogen cycle
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00:50:14,813 --> 00:50:17,486
in 2.5 billion years.
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00:52:29,582 --> 00:52:31,618
Camera, rec sound?
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00:52:31,620 --> 00:52:32,820
- Sound?
- Yeah.
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00:52:32,822 --> 00:52:34,527
- Rec?
- Yeah.
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00:57:16,289 --> 00:57:19,426
Carbon dioxide levels
in the atmosphere are higher
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00:57:19,428 --> 00:57:25,305
than at any other time
in the past 66 million years.
168
00:57:25,307 --> 00:57:28,444
This has put our climate
system into a state
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00:57:28,446 --> 00:57:31,721
that has no analog
for future projections.
170
00:57:38,900 --> 00:57:42,806
Climate change results in
unstable global temperatures,
171
00:57:42,808 --> 00:57:44,511
extreme weather events,
172
00:57:44,513 --> 00:57:48,555
sea level rise
and ocean acidification.
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01:05:32,145 --> 01:05:37,622
Coral reefs are home to more
than 25 percent of all marine life,
174
01:05:37,624 --> 01:05:42,200
and are considered one of the
planet's most complex ecosystems.
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01:05:50,584 --> 01:05:54,622
Coral has existed
for 450 million years,
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01:05:54,624 --> 01:05:57,662
but ocean warming
and acidification
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01:05:57,664 --> 01:06:00,368
has caused widespread
bleaching,
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01:06:00,370 --> 01:06:03,172
and could eliminate all coral
from the oceans
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01:06:03,174 --> 01:06:05,580
before the end
of the 21st century.
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01:06:38,313 --> 01:06:40,815
Now if you're
standing a little bit further down
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01:06:40,817 --> 01:06:43,354
towards the other end of
the paddock, we do all sorts
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01:06:43,356 --> 01:06:45,992
of different, what we call
enrichments for our tigers.
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01:06:45,994 --> 01:06:48,396
Now that is just a term that
covers everything we can do
184
01:06:48,398 --> 01:06:51,636
for any of our animals here to
encourage their natural behavior
185
01:06:51,638 --> 01:06:54,610
and to keep them happy
and stimulated here at the zoo.
186
01:06:54,612 --> 01:06:57,682
Now they do still tend to spend
lots of time sticking close to mum,
187
01:06:57,684 --> 01:07:00,687
watching her, learning from her
and also learning from play.
188
01:07:00,689 --> 01:07:04,395
So if Melati had had these two
out in the wild, out in Sumatra,
189
01:07:04,397 --> 01:07:07,435
she would have been through a very
difficult few months just now,
190
01:07:07,437 --> 01:07:10,675
because, of course, as well as having to
hunt enough food to feed herself with,
191
01:07:10,677 --> 01:07:13,647
she would also have to cater for
the rapidly growing appetites
192
01:07:13,649 --> 01:07:16,686
of these two youngsters,
Karis and Achilles, as well.
193
01:07:16,688 --> 01:07:21,764
Now this is no mean feat, because out in
the wild they are critically endangered.
194
01:07:21,766 --> 01:07:24,803
However, just by coming along to
the zoo today, you may not realize,
195
01:07:24,805 --> 01:07:28,443
but you are supporting ZSL.
We are a conservation charity
196
01:07:28,445 --> 01:07:30,080
working in over
50 countries worldwide
197
01:07:30,082 --> 01:07:32,418
to protect lots of
animals and their habitats,
198
01:07:32,420 --> 01:07:34,588
and this includes a lot
of work that goes on
199
01:07:34,590 --> 01:07:36,659
out in Sumatra
with wild tigers.
200
01:07:36,661 --> 01:07:38,496
So we are doing things like
working very closely
201
01:07:38,498 --> 01:07:40,066
with the Indonesian government,
202
01:07:40,068 --> 01:07:42,772
to protect the remaining
tiger population out there.
203
01:07:42,774 --> 01:07:45,378
So thank you to each and every
one of you for coming along today
204
01:07:45,380 --> 01:07:47,716
and helping us out with that
just by having a look
205
01:07:47,718 --> 01:07:52,395
at Jae Jae, Melati, and our two
cubs, Karis and Achilles.
206
01:10:43,200 --> 01:10:45,640
We are part of the Kenyan
National Police.
207
01:10:48,478 --> 01:10:50,880
Most of the time we are
deployed during the night
208
01:10:50,882 --> 01:10:54,724
just to make sure that we deter
any poaching activity.
209
01:10:55,359 --> 01:10:58,366
My name is Paul Tereson.
210
01:10:59,300 --> 01:11:01,035
My name is Paul Nderity.
211
01:11:01,037 --> 01:11:05,209
We are allowed by the law
to apprehend anyone
212
01:11:05,211 --> 01:11:09,017
who enters or intrudes
into our protected area.
213
01:11:09,019 --> 01:11:12,257
But in case they pose a danger
to our own lives,
214
01:11:12,259 --> 01:11:16,131
that is the only time we can
at least try to use firearms,
215
01:11:16,133 --> 01:11:21,177
but not to kill,
but to try and effect the arrest.
216
01:11:24,016 --> 01:11:28,524
We are protecting wildlife, and at the
same time we feel like we are the enemies.
217
01:11:28,526 --> 01:11:32,735
Because we are humans and
humans are the poachers.
218
01:12:17,021 --> 01:12:21,362
The Earth has had
five major extinctions.
219
01:12:21,364 --> 01:12:25,603
We are now in the middle of
the sixth great extinction,
220
01:12:25,605 --> 01:12:28,579
this time because of
human impact.
221
01:12:33,622 --> 01:12:39,231
Extinction rates are up to 10,000
times higher than natural rates
222
01:12:39,233 --> 01:12:44,006
from habitat loss,
poaching, pollution,
223
01:12:44,008 --> 01:12:46,549
climate change,
and over-hunting.
224
01:17:05,898 --> 01:17:07,800
One, two, go...
225
01:17:07,802 --> 01:17:09,105
Happy, healthy living.
226
01:17:13,848 --> 01:17:16,919
It is now my humble duty and
pleasure, ladies and gentlemen,
227
01:17:16,921 --> 01:17:21,695
to ask the President of the Republic
of Kenya, Honourable Uhuru Kenyatta,
228
01:17:21,697 --> 01:17:24,805
to make his remarks,
and proceed with the burn.
229
01:17:26,073 --> 01:17:29,142
Thank you very much.
230
01:17:29,144 --> 01:17:33,620
We come from a truly
blessed country.
231
01:17:33,622 --> 01:17:37,192
Blessings however,
come with duties,
232
01:17:37,194 --> 01:17:41,066
and Kenya holds
these great riches
233
01:17:41,068 --> 01:17:43,739
in trust for all humanity.
234
01:17:43,741 --> 01:17:49,182
It falls on us to protect
and to preserve them.
235
01:17:49,184 --> 01:17:53,125
That fundamentally is why
we are here today.
236
01:17:53,127 --> 01:17:56,599
The last decade or so has seen
237
01:17:56,601 --> 01:18:01,879
catastrophic destruction
of the African elephant.
238
01:18:03,581 --> 01:18:08,055
A new generation of poachers,
armed with new weapons
239
01:18:08,057 --> 01:18:12,731
connected to vast new markets
across the world,
240
01:18:12,733 --> 01:18:14,704
threatens to exterminate them.
241
01:18:18,611 --> 01:18:23,353
In destroying the ivory,
we reject once and for all,
242
01:18:23,355 --> 01:18:29,133
those who think that our natural
heritage can be sold for money.
243
01:18:30,702 --> 01:18:33,270
Before you,
ladies and gentlemen,
244
01:18:33,272 --> 01:18:35,208
the largest haul of ivory
245
01:18:35,210 --> 01:18:38,850
ever to be destroyed
in this manner.
246
01:18:38,852 --> 01:18:41,855
Poaching and trafficking
in wildlife,
247
01:18:41,857 --> 01:18:44,762
is now a branch
of international crime.
248
01:18:44,764 --> 01:18:51,307
The fight against it will be won by
alliances across nations and continents.
249
01:18:51,309 --> 01:18:54,112
The principle is clear enough:
250
01:18:54,114 --> 01:18:57,320
Ivory belongs to our elephants.
251
01:19:07,976 --> 01:19:15,389
Kenya has decided that ivory
is an evil commodity.
252
01:19:15,391 --> 01:19:22,204
But Kenya's decision has to be
backed by a global decision.
253
01:19:25,077 --> 01:19:28,482
Let's kill this trade.
254
01:19:28,484 --> 01:19:31,822
The opposite is unimaginable.
255
01:20:20,955 --> 01:20:25,963
The Earth is
4.5 billion years old,
256
01:20:25,965 --> 01:20:28,905
and its history can be read
in the rocks.
257
01:20:58,095 --> 01:21:04,541
Modern human civilization has
developed within just 10,000 years,
258
01:21:04,543 --> 01:21:08,448
yet our success as a species
has tipped the planet's systems
259
01:21:08,450 --> 01:21:10,589
outside their natural limits.
260
01:21:12,559 --> 01:21:14,394
We are all implicated,
261
01:21:14,396 --> 01:21:17,436
some far more profoundly
than others.
262
01:21:20,040 --> 01:21:23,980
But the tenacity and ingenuity
that helped us thrive,
263
01:21:23,982 --> 01:21:27,051
can also help us to pull
these systems back
264
01:21:27,053 --> 01:21:29,661
to a safe place for all
life on Earth.
265
01:21:33,300 --> 01:21:37,309
Recognizing and reimagining
our dominant signal...
266
01:21:39,546 --> 01:21:41,483
is the beginning of change.
267
01:22:04,554 --> 01:22:09,554
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