Original subtitles

Hi, I'm Rick Steves� back with more of the best of Europe.

This time we're deep in the south of Spain� in Andalusia.

This is Sevilla. Hold on to your castanets.

Thank you.

Sevilla does festivals with gusto.

It's a flamboyant city of larger-than-life lovers like Carmen and Don Juan,

where bullfighting is still politically correct

and where little girls still dream of growing up to become flamenco dancers.

Sevilla has soul and a contagious love of life.

Sevilla, or Seville in English, has its share of impressive sights

and we'll see its grand cathedral and plush Moorish palace.

But the real magic is the city itself, with its labyrinthine Jewish Quarter,

riveting flamenco shows, thriving bars and teeming festivals.

From Sevilla we head into the hills of Andalusia to explore the regions finest hilltown

Arcos de la Frontera.

Located in the southwest corner of Europe, Spain dominates the Iberian Peninsula.

Its southern province is Andalusia.

And the region's leading city is Sevilla.

From there we travel to Arcos de la Frontera.

Sevilla was Europe's gateway to the New World in the 16th century.

It flourished in the Age of Discovery.

The explorers Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan and Amerigo Vespucci

all sailed from right here.

The Golden Tower was the starting and ending point for trade to the New World.

For centuries part of the city's fortifications,

it came with a heavy chain draped across the river to protect the harbor.

In the 16th century

Sevilla's golden age was powered by New World riches.

In the 17th century, all that money made the city an important center of arts and culture.

In the 18th century, as its harbor silted up and the Spanish empire crumbled

Sevilla's power faded.

And in the 19th century, the once-powerful now-quaint Sevilla became an important stop

on the Romantic-era "Grand Tour of Europe."

In the twentieth century, 1992 to be exact,

Sevilla hosted a world's fair that left the city with today's striking 21st century infrastructure.

dramatic bridges, a sleek new train system and even a new airport.

Today, 700.000 people, it's Spain's fourth-largest city�

an exuberant Andalusian capital.

But the charm of Sevilla is best enjoyed in its traditions like flamenco.

Spaniards consider Andalusia the home of flamenco.

While impromptu flamenco still erupts spontaneously in old world bars,

most tourists attend a show like this. The men do most of the machine-gun footwork.

The women concentrate on graceful turns and a smooth, dramatic step.

Flamenco guitarists, with their lightning-fast finger-roll strums,

are among the best in the world.

The intricate rhythms are set by castanets and hand-clapping.

In the raspy-voiced wails of the singers

you'll hear echoes of the Muslim call to prayer

an evocative reminder of centuries of Moorish rule.

The town square is Plaza Nueva. It honors King Ferdinand III,

fondly remembered for freeing Sevilla from the Moors in the 13th century.

From here, wander into Sevilla's pedestrian-zone shopping center,

which Spaniards prefer to the suburban mall.

This is the place for traditional Spanish fashions.

But I wouldn't know my Manchego from my mantilla without some local help.

My friend and local guide, Concepci�n Delgado, has agreed to be my personal shopper.

So there are all these traditional things to buy� Isn't it just for tourists you can sell these?

No way. These are for locals. We love our things

We have preserved our traditions for centuries.

So these traditions are healthy? Completely

This one of my favorite shops.

Buenos Dias.

Now let me show you the three most traditional accessories that women wear in Spain.

Shawls, mantillas and fans.

Starting with the shawls that you can see here.

A big display of beautiful colors and embroideries. Which are very practical for us.

We use them as accessories, but they also have a function which is

warming you when you're cold.

This is what we use on top of the beautiful flamenco dresses

during the April Feria.

On top of the flamenco dress you cannot wear a simple coat,

you must wear something more distinguished, which is a shawl.

You can wear it like that� which is more sexy.

Here we have the mantilla. The mantilla is another accessory, which can be in two colors:

white or black.

It's always combined with this comb, which is incorporated in the mantilla like this�

and then we wear that on our heads.

The white one is only for the Feria for the festival in April

and women wear them to attend the bullfights.

Lets look at the fans now.

As you can see, different colors and different materials, but they are mostly made in wood.

Remember that Seville gets very hot during the summer

and women, old ladies, use them specially when they attend services.

Very old churches have no air-conditioning. They are cooling themselves like this.

Sometimes hardly hear the priest.

That's all around you.

In the old days there was a language 1with fans which is disappearing,

but in the love-game it was very useful, too

for example you were looking at someone that you weren't very interested in�

you can go away. I don't like you much. But if you were very interested

that movement would tell him something, don't you think?

Anyway, the most common movement for a fan is...

In the year 711, the Muslim Moors swept in from Africa and conquered the Iberian Peninsula.

They ruled Spain for centuries,

inspiring a Europe-wide crusade among Christians to reconquer this land.

Muslim rule stretched as far as France.

But bit by bit the Moors were pushed back

expelled from Sevilla in 1248 and finally pushed entirely out of Western Europe in 1492.

The Moors left a distinct mark on Andalusian culture.

While in Sevilla, they ruled from here�the Alc�zar.

More than six centuries later this magnificent building still functions as a royal palace.

The Alc�zar provides a thought-provoking glimpse of a graceful Moorish world

that might have survived its Christian conquerors

but didn't.

What you see today is a 14th-century rebuild done in Mudejar style.

This was a Moorish style done by Moorish craftsmen

but for Christian rulers after the Reconquest.

This became the king's palace.

Its centerpiece was the elegantly proportioned Court of the Maidens.

It was decorated Mudejar below and Renaissance above.

The king hired Muslim workers to give Moorish elegance

to what was a stark fortress.

They built what's considered the finest Mudejar building in all of Spain.

The intimate Dolls' Court was the king's living quarters.

Imagine the royal family lounging around a reflecting pool in this courtyard.

The stylized Arabic script, a standard feature of mosques

created a visual chant of Koranic verses.

But the decor is clearly Christian.

You'll see animals, buildings and kings

that you wouldn't find in religious Muslim ornamentation, which forbids images.

A century or so later, just after Columbus and New World discoveries

Queen Isabel built a more European-style wing to the palace.

Anticipating a big business in plunder and trade,

she built this to administer Spain's New World ventures.

The chapel is dedicated to Santa Maria de los Buenos Aires.

St. Mary of the Good Winds was the patron saint of navigators

and a favorite of Columbus.

This altar painting dates from shortly after Columbus died

and features what's considered the first and most accurate portrait of the great explorer

on the left.

It's also thought to be the first painting of Indians done in Europe.

The Virgin's cape seems to protect everyone under it, even the Indians.

Like the palace, the gardens reflect a mix of cultures.

The intimate geometric Moorish gardens lead to the later

much more expansive back yard of Spanish Kings.

The gardens are full of tropical flowers,

cool fountains and, in the summer, hot tourists.

I'm thankful we're here in late April�

beating the brutal heat of the Andalusian summer.

The Moors were relatively tolerant of other religions.

During their rule, Christians, Jews and Muslims shared this city peacefully.

After the Christian Reconquest,

Sevilla's thriving Jewish community was concentrated here�

in the Barrio de Santa Cruz.

Today only a few peaceful squares surrounded by a tangled web of alleys

survive from the days when this was Sevilla's Jewish Quarter.

Explore, wander among lanes too narrow for cars,

whitewashed houses corralling peaceful squares and wrought-iron latticework.

Regardless of who lived here,

the design of the neighborhood seems to have one goal: stay cool.

The narrow streets, some with buildings so close they're called "kissing lanes"

were designed to maximize shade.

These orange trees are great for shade. They never lose their leaves.

Refreshing too, on a hot day.

Well, not to eat. These are sour oranges.

We just use them for vitamins, perfume or that type of marmalade the British like.

Oh that bitter English marmalade�

� it's made with our oranges.

The Santa Cruz neighborhood comes with a timeless beauty�

savor the simple elegance of Sevilla.

The delicate charms of Santa Cruz are just a few steps from

Sevilla's immense cathedral.

It's the third-largest church in Europe

after St. Peter's in the Vatican and St. Paul's in London

and the largest Gothic church anywhere.

When they ripped down the mosque that stood on this site in 1401,

the Reconquista Christians bragged,

"We'll build a cathedral so huge that anyone who sees it will take us for madmen."

You could fit a soccer field in here.

Everything is supersized.

The towering main altarpiece is covered in gold leaf.

Constructed in the 1480s, it's composed of hundreds of figures.

It tells the story of the life of Jesus in 40 scenes from his birth

to his resurrection.

The choir, an enclosure within the cathedral for more intimate services

surrounds a spinable music rack.

It held giant hymnals

large enough for all to chant from, in an age when there weren't enough for everyone.

In the transept, four pallbearers carry the tomb of Christopher Columbus.

They represent the 4 medieval kingdoms that became Spain:

Aragon, Navarra, Castile and Leon

each identified by their team shirts.

Columbus even traveled a lot after he died.

He was buried first in Seville, then moved to Santo Domingo,

then Cuba and, when Cuba gained independence from Spain, around 1900

he sailed all the way back here, to Sevilla.

Is he really in there? Sevillanos like to think so.

All that survives of Moorish Sevilla's main mosque

is its courtyard of orange trees and a towering minaret.

The tower offers a brief recap of the city's history, sitting on a Roman foundation,

a long Moorish period capped by the Christian age.

The Moors built its spiraling ramp to accommodate a rider on horseback.

Somebody climbed the tower 5 times a day to call Sevilla's Muslims to prayer.

Today, tourists gallop up for fine city views�

and the former minaret functions as the cathedral's bell tower.

It's topped with a bronze weathervane�

a statue that symbolizes the Triumph of Faith.

Some of Spain's best bullfighting is done in Sevilla's 14,000-seat Plaza de Toros.

There are bullfights scheduled on most Sundays, Easter through October.

While bullfights are controversial

and some believe the patronage of tourists just keeps a brutal spectacle alive,

others consider bullfighting a real and vivid part of Spanish culture.

Whether or not to actually attend a bullfight is up to you.

To learn about this tradition without actually supporting it,

you can tour Sevilla's Plaza de Toros and check out its bullfight museum.

Your visit starts with a tour through the strangely quiet and empty arena.

In the museum you'll learn more.

A few special bulls are honored here

each awarded the bovine equivalent of an Oscar

for putting up the best fight of the year.

This one's missing an ear

it was awarded to the matador who also performed well.

Matadors dress to kill

elegant in their tight-fitting and richly-ornamented "suits of light."

The first-aid room is where injured fighters are rushed.

Hoping not to end up there, matadors pray here, in the chapel.

The Virgin of Macarena is a protector of matadors

and the favorite among Sevillanos.

While her images are everywhere,

you can see the actual darling of Sevilla nearby, at the Bas�lica de la Macarena.

Grab a pew and study the Weeping Virgin.

She's a 17th-century doll, complete with articulated arms and human hair

she's even dressed with underclothes.

With crystal tear drops her beautiful expression

halfway between ecstasy and sorrow, touches pilgrims.

Sevilla's "Semana Santa" or Holy Week celebrations are the most magnificent in Spain.

During the week leading up to Easter, the city is packed with pilgrims

witnessing grand processions carrying elaborate floats through the streets.

The two most impressive floats of the festivities are parked behind the altar.

The biggest float, slathered in gold leaf, shows the sentencing of Christ.

Pontius Pilate is about to wash his hands.

His wife cries as a man reads the death sentence.

While pious Sevillan women wail in the streets, relays of 48 men

carry this three-ton float on the backs of their necks

only their feet showing under the drapes, as they shuffle through the streets

from about midnight until 2:00 in the afternoon each Good Friday.

This float, with the Weeping Virgin from this church's altar placed regally in the center,

is the hit of the parade.

It's festooned with wax flowers and candelabra.

It seems fragile, all silver and candles

but, as locals explain: "It's strong enough to support the roof

while delicate enough to quiver in the soft night breeze."

Have you actually seen this thing going through the streets?

The Queen of the City you mean? Of course.

When she wears her crown she looks absolutely beautiful.

When she goes through the streets people get crazy.

They can't explain all the emotions. They clap or they cry or they throw petals from balconies.

What's so special about this particular float?

She knows everything about us

because we have been telling her our problems for centuries.

Her name means "hope" which is what we all need.

Sevilla's passion for religious art is preserved and displayed in its museum of fine art

the Museo de Bellas Artes.

The top Spanish artists, Vel�zquez, Murillo, Zurbar�n, all called Sevilla home.

Sevilla was Spain's commercial and material capital�

its New York City, while Madrid was a newly built center of Government� like Washington DC.

In the early 1800s, Spain's liberal government disbanded many of the monasteries and convents

and secular fanatics were looting churches.

Thankfully, the most important religious art was rescued and hung safely here

in this convent-turned-museum.

Spain's economic Golden Age, the 1500s

blossomed into the golden age of Spanish painting, the 1600s.

Artists such as Francesco de Zurbar�n combined realism with mysticism.

Under a protective Mary, he painted balding saints

and monks with wrinkled faces and sun-burnt hands.

The inspirational style fit Spain's spiritual climate

during an age when the Catholic Church was waging its Counter-Reformation battle

against the Protestant rebellion.

The Apotheosis of St. Thomas Aquinas is considered Zurbar�n's most beautiful and important work.

It was done at the height of his career, when stark realism was all the rage.

Zurbar�n presents the miraculous in a believable, down-to-earth way.

Eventually, the soft and accessible style of Bartolom� Murillo

became more popular than Zurbar�n's harsher realism.

Murillo became the rage in Spain and through much of the Catholic world.

This Madonna and Child shows how Murillo wraps everything

in warm colors and soft light.

Murillo's favorite subject is the Virgin Mary, shown young and pure.

The painting is called The Immaculate Conception,

one of dozens Murillo painted on this subject.

Catholics believe that not only was Jesus born of a Virgin,

but that Mary herself was completely pure� conceived immaculately.

With all this religiousity, it's no surprise that Sevilla is also famous for

letting loose in vibrant festivals

and we're here for the biggest of all� the April Fair.

For seven days each April, it seems much of Sevilla is packed into its vast fair grounds.

The fair feels friendly, spontaneous� very real.

The Andalusian passion for horses, flamenco

and sherry is clear

riders are ramrod-straight, colorfully clad, senoritas ride sidesaddle

and everyone's drinking sherry spritzers.

Women sport outlandish dresses that would look clownish all alone

but somehow brilliant here en masse.

Over a thousand private party tents or casetas line the lanes.

Each striped tent is the private party zone of a family, club or association.

To get in, you need to know someone in the group, or make friends quickly.

Concepci�n's well connected� and as a friend of a friend, we're in.

Because of the exclusivity, it has a real family-affair feeling.

Everyone seems to know everyone

in what seems like a thousand wedding parties being celebrated all at the same time.

It's time to say adios to Concepci�n.

She's got more celebrating to do and we're heading an hour south of Sevilla

for a dose of small town Andalusia.

The Route of the Pueblo blancos or white towns is a charm bracelet of characteristic towns

perched in the hills and mountains of Andalusia.

The queen of the white towns is Arcos de la Frontera.

Arcos smothers its hilltop, tumbling down its back like the train of a wedding dress.

The old center is a delight to explore.

Viewpoint-hop through town.

The people of Arcos boast that only they see the backs of the birds as they fly.

Feel the wind funnel through the narrow streets as cars inch around tight corners.

Driving is tricky. It's a one-way system, if you miss your hotel,

you'll drive all around again.

Under the castle and facing the church is the town's main square

which once doubled as a bullring.

Towns like Arcos with "de la Frontera" in their names were established on the "frontier,"

the front line of that centuries-long fight to take back Spain from the Muslims.

As the Moors were slowly pushed back into Africa,

the towns, while no longer of strategic importance, kept "on the frontier" in their names.

The main church is a reminder of that re-conquest.

After Christian forces retook Arcos from the Moors in the 13th century,

it was the same old story, the mosque was demolished and a church was built on its sight.

There are historical curiosities everywhere.

This stone was scavenged from an ancient Roman temple.

You can just make out the Latin inscription and this 2,000 year old tree of life.

But the mysterious highlight is this 15th-century magic circle:

12 red and 12 white stones, the white ones with various constellations marked.

Back then on a child's day of baptism, the parents would stop here first for a good exorcism.

The exorcist would stand inside the protective circle and cleanse the baby of any evil spirits.

Then they could proceed into the church.

The flying buttresses were added to shore up the church

after it was weakened by an earthquake in 1696.

Arches prop up earthquake-damaged buildings all over town.

Peek politely into private patios.

Cool and inviting family courtyards are typical of Arcos.

While the old wells now generally hold flowerpots,

they're reminders that these courtyards once functioned as water catchment systems.

They funneled rainwater to a drain in the middle, which filled the well.

Explore the narrow whitewashed and flower-lined lanes of this charming hill town.

And while you're at it, work up an appetite.

We're eating at Restaurante El Convento

where Se�ora Mar�a Moreno-Moreno and her husband serve the best

of traditional local cuisine.

Throughout Europe I find that mom-and-pop places like this offer the best values.

And, to dine well on a budget, I eat better for less

in a small town rather than in a big city.

Their refreshing gazpacho, a chilled tomato-garlic soup, is a great starter.

Ask about seasonal specialties.

The wild asparagus dish is just right in springtime, as are the artichokes.

Here they're served with shrimp. Spanish wine has moved up on the respectability ladder lately�

our full-bodied red is mucho delicioso!

This is a good opportunity for game.

Well�small game. I'm having pigeon.

Whether finding new ways to stay cool, checking out a new dance,

seeing how the Moors made their mark,

appreciating a new artist or just joining the party,

travel shows me how life can be enjoyed to its fullest

in ways that I haven�t even considered.

Enjoying life with abandon comes easy here in the south of Spain.

I hope you�ve enjoyed our taste of Sevilla and Andalusia.

I'm Rick Steves.

Until next time,

keep on traveling. Adios.