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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,435 --> 00:00:03,569 Narrator: TODAY ON "IMPOSSIBLE ENGINEERING," 2 00:00:03,571 --> 00:00:06,305 THE WORLD'S LARGEST WARSHIP. 3 00:00:06,307 --> 00:00:08,340 THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER IS A MOVING CITY 4 00:00:08,342 --> 00:00:10,376 WITH ALL OF THE CAPABILITIES OF ANY AIRFIELD, 5 00:00:10,378 --> 00:00:12,177 AND IT CAN BE MOVED ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD. 6 00:00:12,179 --> 00:00:16,248 Narrator: 4-1/2 ACRES OF CUTTING-EDGE MILITARY MUSCLE... 7 00:00:16,250 --> 00:00:18,417 THE FORD CLASS HAS TAKEN A 40-YEAR LEAP 8 00:00:18,419 --> 00:00:21,787 IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AIRCRAFT CARRIER TECHNOLOGIES. 9 00:00:21,789 --> 00:00:25,424 Narrator: ...AND THE PIONEERING HISTORIC INNOVATIONS... 10 00:00:25,426 --> 00:00:27,292 MAN, I LOVE THE SMELL OF JET FUEL IN THE MORNING. 11 00:00:27,294 --> 00:00:28,427 YOU KNOW WHAT I MEAN? 12 00:00:28,429 --> 00:00:29,928 LET'S GO AHEAD AND LAUNCH THE SECOND. 13 00:00:29,930 --> 00:00:32,264 AND YOU CAN SEE THAT THOSE TWO FLIGHT PATHS 14 00:00:32,266 --> 00:00:34,299 ARE NATURALLY DE-CONFLICTED. 15 00:00:34,301 --> 00:00:36,201 Narrator: ...THAT MADE THE IMPOSSIBLE 16 00:00:36,203 --> 00:00:38,370 POSSIBLE. 17 00:00:38,372 --> 00:00:41,373 -- Captions by VITAC -- www.vitac.com 18 00:00:41,375 --> 00:00:44,376 CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS 19 00:00:44,378 --> 00:00:47,446 ♪ 20 00:00:47,448 --> 00:00:52,284 THE UNITED STATES IS RENOWNED FOR ITS NAVAL MIGHT. 21 00:00:52,286 --> 00:00:53,886 IT HAS SOME OF THE FASTEST 22 00:00:53,888 --> 00:00:57,222 AND MOST HEAVILY-ARMED SHIPS ON THE PLANET. 23 00:00:57,224 --> 00:01:01,660 BUT PATROLLING THE 139 MILLION SQUARE-MILES OF OCEANS 24 00:01:01,662 --> 00:01:04,663 REQUIRES MORE. 25 00:01:04,665 --> 00:01:09,168 ITS AIRBORNE UNITS ARE VITAL TO THE NAVY'S SUCCESS. 26 00:01:09,170 --> 00:01:12,037 AND BASING AN AIR FORCE AT SEA 27 00:01:12,039 --> 00:01:14,640 PRESENTS A UNIQUE ENGINEERING CHALLENGE 28 00:01:14,642 --> 00:01:15,674 FOR PEOPLE LIKE 29 00:01:15,676 --> 00:01:17,709 CHIEF PETTY OFFICER JEREMY STOECKLEIN 30 00:01:17,711 --> 00:01:19,278 AND HIS COLLEAGUES. 31 00:01:19,280 --> 00:01:20,612 Stoecklein: THOSE WATERS NEED TO BE PATROLLED, 32 00:01:20,614 --> 00:01:23,182 NEED TO BE PROTECTED FOR AMERICAN INTERESTS. 33 00:01:23,184 --> 00:01:24,616 THE FOREFRONT OF MILITARY MIGHT 34 00:01:24,618 --> 00:01:27,119 HAS REALLY BECOME NAVAL AVIATION, 35 00:01:27,121 --> 00:01:28,620 AND IT'S VERY, VERY IMPORTANT 36 00:01:28,622 --> 00:01:31,457 TO TRANSFER THAT POWER ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD. 37 00:01:31,459 --> 00:01:34,726 Narrator: THE U.S. NAVY REQUIRES A NEW BREED OF SHIP 38 00:01:34,728 --> 00:01:38,931 CAPABLE OF TRANSPORTING MORE PLANES THAN EVER BEFORE. 39 00:01:38,933 --> 00:01:40,799 AS WE MOVE INTO THE 21st CENTURY, 40 00:01:40,801 --> 00:01:42,167 THERE BECOMES A NEW NEED -- 41 00:01:42,169 --> 00:01:44,036 A NEW NEED FOR TECHNOLOGY, 42 00:01:44,038 --> 00:01:46,271 A NEW WAY TO COMBAT THE FORCES AROUND THE WORLD, 43 00:01:46,273 --> 00:01:47,873 AND TO HELP OUT WITH HUMANITARIAN EFFORTS 44 00:01:47,875 --> 00:01:49,908 AROUND THE WORLD. 45 00:01:49,910 --> 00:01:51,677 THE UNITED STATES NAVY NEEDS SOMETHING 46 00:01:51,679 --> 00:01:54,346 BRAND NEW IN TECHNOLOGY TO HELP THOSE AIDS. 47 00:01:54,348 --> 00:01:56,415 ♪ 48 00:01:56,417 --> 00:01:58,217 Narrator: THE SOLUTION... 49 00:01:58,219 --> 00:02:01,320 ♪ 50 00:02:01,322 --> 00:02:04,289 ...THE FORD-CLASS AIRCRAFT CARRIER. 51 00:02:04,291 --> 00:02:09,294 ♪ 52 00:02:09,296 --> 00:02:12,064 Butler: FORD-CLASS CARRIER IS THE LARGEST WARSHIP EVER BUILT. 53 00:02:12,066 --> 00:02:13,799 IT'S ABOUT 1,100 FEET LONG, 54 00:02:13,801 --> 00:02:16,335 WEIGHTS ABOUT 100,000 TONS, 55 00:02:16,337 --> 00:02:19,505 IT'S ABOUT 24 STORIES TALL. 56 00:02:19,507 --> 00:02:21,540 Narrator: ITS SCALE IS UNHEARD OF. 57 00:02:21,542 --> 00:02:24,910 IT'S 35-KNOT TOP SPEED MAKES IT POUND-FOR-POUND 58 00:02:24,912 --> 00:02:28,046 THE FASTEST CARRIER EVER BUILT, 59 00:02:28,048 --> 00:02:31,183 AND IT'S ON THE BRINK OF MAKING HISTORY. 60 00:02:31,185 --> 00:02:34,286 THE FIRST OF THE COLOSSAL CLASS, THE GERALD R. FORD, 61 00:02:34,288 --> 00:02:37,789 HAS JUST BEEN DELIVERED TO THE U.S. NAVY 62 00:02:37,791 --> 00:02:39,758 AND IS UNDERGOING VITAL SEA TRIALS 63 00:02:39,760 --> 00:02:42,694 TO FIND OUT WHAT IT'S CAPABLE OF. 64 00:02:42,696 --> 00:02:45,597 THIS SHIP CAN CARRY AIRCRAFT AND TECHNOLOGIES 65 00:02:45,599 --> 00:02:46,832 THAT ARE OUT TODAY, 66 00:02:46,834 --> 00:02:50,002 AS WELL AS THAT WE HAVEN'T EVEN DREAMT OF YET. 67 00:02:50,004 --> 00:02:54,072 THIS IS THE MOST IMPRESSIVE SHIP I'VE EVER SERVED ABOARD. 68 00:02:54,074 --> 00:02:56,008 ♪ 69 00:02:56,010 --> 00:02:58,544 Narrator: IN DRY DOCK IN NEWPORT NEWS, VIRGINIA, 70 00:02:58,546 --> 00:03:00,679 GEOFF HUMMEL AND A TEAM OF ENGINEERS 71 00:03:00,681 --> 00:03:01,780 ARE BUILDING THE SECOND 72 00:03:01,782 --> 00:03:05,284 OF THIS 10-STRONG FLEET OF CARRIERS -- 73 00:03:05,286 --> 00:03:08,720 THE JOHN F. KENNEDY. 74 00:03:08,722 --> 00:03:10,656 Hummel: WE'VE BEEN WORKING ON IT FOR ABOUT THREE YEARS, 75 00:03:10,658 --> 00:03:13,058 AND WE GOT ABOUT ANOTHER YEAR AND A HALF IN THE DRY DOCK, 76 00:03:13,060 --> 00:03:15,127 AND THEN AFTER THAT, WE'LL SPEND ABOUT TWO YEARS OF TESTING IT 77 00:03:15,129 --> 00:03:17,529 BEFORE WE DELIVER IT. 78 00:03:17,531 --> 00:03:19,264 Narrator: MIKE BUTLER HEADS UP CONSTRUCTION 79 00:03:19,266 --> 00:03:22,801 OF THESE TRAILBLAZING SHIPS. 80 00:03:22,803 --> 00:03:25,704 WELL, AN AIRCRAFT CARRIER HAS TO SATISFY TWO MAJOR ROLES -- 81 00:03:25,706 --> 00:03:27,406 ONE IS A HUMANITARIAN ROLE, 82 00:03:27,408 --> 00:03:30,242 AND ONE IS A DEFENSIVE OR OFFENSIVE MILITARY ROLE. 83 00:03:30,244 --> 00:03:32,744 THIS SHIP DOES BOTH AND DOES IT VERY WELL. 84 00:03:32,746 --> 00:03:36,882 ♪ 85 00:03:36,884 --> 00:03:39,384 Narrator: THE LARGEST WARSHIP EVER BUILT, 86 00:03:39,386 --> 00:03:41,887 THE FORD-CLASS CARRIER IS ALMOST AS LONG 87 00:03:41,889 --> 00:03:44,389 AS THE EMPIRE STATE BUILDING IS TALL. 88 00:03:44,391 --> 00:03:47,826 35 AIRCRAFT ARE STORED IN A GIANT HANGAR. 89 00:03:47,828 --> 00:03:50,963 THREE SUPER-SIZED ELEVATORS DELIVER THE PLANES 90 00:03:50,965 --> 00:03:55,434 TO AN 1,100-FOOT-LONG FLIGHT DECK. 91 00:03:55,436 --> 00:03:58,904 EQUIPPED WITH AN ELECTROMAGNETIC CATAPULT SYSTEM 92 00:03:58,906 --> 00:04:02,641 CAPABLE OF LAUNCHING PLANES FASTER THAN EVER BEFORE. 93 00:04:02,643 --> 00:04:06,478 ♪ 94 00:04:06,480 --> 00:04:10,048 THE AMOUNT OF TECHNOLOGY THAT'S BEEN INFUSED INTO THIS SHIP 95 00:04:10,050 --> 00:04:11,817 IS GONNA PUT THE NAVY IN A POSITION 96 00:04:11,819 --> 00:04:14,353 TO FIGHT THE WARS OF THE 21st CENTURY. 97 00:04:14,355 --> 00:04:17,589 IT'S GONNA BE THE MOST CAPABLE SHIP OUT THERE IN THE FLEET. 98 00:04:17,591 --> 00:04:20,025 [ ENGINE ROARS ] 99 00:04:20,027 --> 00:04:22,861 Narrator: BUT CREATING THE WORLD'S LARGEST MOBILE AIR BASE 100 00:04:22,863 --> 00:04:25,397 POSES MANY CHALLENGES. 101 00:04:25,399 --> 00:04:28,600 HOW DO YOU POWER A 110,000 TON VESSEL 102 00:04:28,602 --> 00:04:31,603 WITH 4,500 CREW MEMBERS? 103 00:04:31,605 --> 00:04:33,171 Stoecklein: WHAT WE DO IS, LIVE EVERYDAY LIVES. 104 00:04:33,173 --> 00:04:34,406 SO, WASHING LAUNDRY, 105 00:04:34,408 --> 00:04:36,241 SERVING 20,000 MEALS A DAY. 106 00:04:36,243 --> 00:04:39,077 SO, IT'S LIKE POWERING, ESSENTIALLY, A SMALL CITY. 107 00:04:39,079 --> 00:04:41,380 Narrator: HOW IS IT POSSIBLE TO GET JETS AIRBORNE 108 00:04:41,382 --> 00:04:44,249 IN JUST A FRACTION OF A NORMAL RUNWAY? 109 00:04:44,251 --> 00:04:47,452 THE GREATEST CHALLENGE IS TO BE ABLE TO GET THE AIRCRAFT 110 00:04:47,454 --> 00:04:50,889 TO THE SPEED THAT IT NEEDS IN ORDER TO TAKE OFF. 111 00:04:50,891 --> 00:04:54,359 Narrator: AND HOW CAN YOU BRING THEM HOME SAFELY? 112 00:04:54,361 --> 00:04:58,096 LANDING ON A CARRIER REQUIRES AN EXTERNAL MEANS 113 00:04:58,098 --> 00:05:01,566 OF STOPPING THE AIRCRAFT. 114 00:05:01,568 --> 00:05:05,504 Narrator: BUT THE ENGINEERS FACE AN EVEN BIGGER PROBLEM. 115 00:05:05,506 --> 00:05:06,872 ♪ 116 00:05:06,874 --> 00:05:09,041 THE FORD CLASS HOLDS MORE PLANES 117 00:05:09,043 --> 00:05:11,510 THAN ANY CARRIER BEFORE IT. 118 00:05:11,512 --> 00:05:13,278 THEY MUST BE ABLE TO LAUNCH AND RECOVER 119 00:05:13,280 --> 00:05:16,248 AN ASTONISHING 200 MISSIONS A DAY. 120 00:05:16,250 --> 00:05:19,551 SO, HOW DO YOU ACHIEVE THAT ON A SHIP? 121 00:05:19,553 --> 00:05:23,555 ENGINEER MARCO ESTRADA IS FACING THAT CHALLENGE. 122 00:05:23,557 --> 00:05:25,791 Estrada: TYPICALLY, AN AIRCRAFT CARRIER 123 00:05:25,793 --> 00:05:30,896 OF THE FORD CLASS WILL HOLD APPROXIMATELY 78, 79 AIRCRAFT. 124 00:05:30,898 --> 00:05:33,298 THE JOB OF MANAGING THE FLIGHT DECK 125 00:05:33,300 --> 00:05:35,334 IS AN ORGANIZED CHAOS. 126 00:05:35,336 --> 00:05:37,035 WE HAVE LAUNCHES, YOU GOT RECOVERIES, 127 00:05:37,037 --> 00:05:38,003 YOU GOT FUELING, 128 00:05:38,005 --> 00:05:40,138 YOU GOT WEAPONS AT THE SAME TIME. 129 00:05:40,140 --> 00:05:43,141 SO, IT'S A VERY CHALLENGING OPERATION. 130 00:05:43,143 --> 00:05:45,477 Narrator: TO ACHIEVE THEIR UNPRECEDENTED MISSION RATE, 131 00:05:45,479 --> 00:05:47,679 SOME AIRCRAFT MUST BE ABLE TO LAND 132 00:05:47,681 --> 00:05:51,149 AT THE SAME TIME THAT OTHERS ARE TAKING OFF. 133 00:05:51,151 --> 00:05:53,518 IT'S AN IMPOSSIBLE PROBLEM THAT WAS FACED 134 00:05:53,520 --> 00:05:56,054 BY THE INNOVATORS OF THE PAST. 135 00:05:57,257 --> 00:05:58,957 [ CLOCK TICKING ] 136 00:06:01,362 --> 00:06:06,331 ♪ 137 00:06:06,333 --> 00:06:09,034 U.S. NAVY PILOT LIEUTENANT LESLIE GARCIA 138 00:06:09,036 --> 00:06:11,136 IS A FAST JET SPECIALIST, 139 00:06:11,138 --> 00:06:12,871 WELL AWARE OF THE HUGE PROBLEMS 140 00:06:12,873 --> 00:06:16,475 OF LAUNCHING AND LANDING ON AN AIRCRAFT CARRIER. 141 00:06:16,477 --> 00:06:20,145 IT IS NOT UNCOMMON TO HAVE OVER 20 AIRCRAFT LAUNCH 142 00:06:20,147 --> 00:06:23,081 RIGHT BEFORE 20 AIRCRAFT ARE RECOVERING 143 00:06:23,083 --> 00:06:25,450 DURING THE SAME OPEN-DECK TIME. 144 00:06:27,221 --> 00:06:28,820 ♪ 145 00:06:28,822 --> 00:06:31,123 Narrator: TO SIMULATE THE STRAIGHT DECK'S LIMITATIONS, 146 00:06:31,125 --> 00:06:33,458 LIEUTENANT GARCIA IS HANDING OVER THE FLYING 147 00:06:33,460 --> 00:06:37,229 TO A MODEL PLANE CLUB. 148 00:06:37,231 --> 00:06:39,231 Garcia: SO, RIGHT NOW, WE'RE PUTTING DOWN THE CENTER LINE 149 00:06:39,233 --> 00:06:40,866 OF THE STRAIGHT DECK CARRIER. 150 00:06:40,868 --> 00:06:42,768 I DIDN'T KNOW I WAS GONNA GET A WORKOUT 151 00:06:42,770 --> 00:06:46,004 WHILE I WAS OUT HERE, TOO. 152 00:06:46,006 --> 00:06:47,773 Narrator: THE HISTORIC STRAIGHT-DECK DESIGN 153 00:06:47,775 --> 00:06:49,341 IS READY FOR TAKEOFF, 154 00:06:49,343 --> 00:06:51,510 BUT HOW WILL IT COPE? 155 00:06:51,512 --> 00:06:54,179 THEY'RE GONNA GO AIRBORNE, EXECUTE THEIR MISSION, 156 00:06:54,181 --> 00:06:56,515 AND THEN LOOK TO COME IN AND LAND. 157 00:06:56,517 --> 00:06:59,951 ♪ 158 00:06:59,953 --> 00:07:01,887 Narrator: AS THE MISSION GATHERS PACE, 159 00:07:01,889 --> 00:07:05,524 LANDING SIMULTANEOUSLY IS IMPOSSIBLE. 160 00:07:05,526 --> 00:07:07,459 Garcia: NOW WE'VE GOT THE NEXT CYCLE OF PILOTS 161 00:07:07,461 --> 00:07:09,394 GETTING READY TO TAKE OFF WHILE THE FIRST CYCLE 162 00:07:09,396 --> 00:07:10,929 THAT WE LAUNCHED ARE STILL AIRBORNE 163 00:07:10,931 --> 00:07:13,398 AND WAITING FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO COME LAND. 164 00:07:13,400 --> 00:07:14,699 SO, AS YOU CAN SEE, 165 00:07:14,701 --> 00:07:18,503 THEY'RE, BASICALLY, FOULING THE WHOLE FLIGHT DECK. 166 00:07:18,505 --> 00:07:20,872 IT'S A VERY INEFFICIENT PROCESS. 167 00:07:22,576 --> 00:07:24,443 ♪ 168 00:07:24,445 --> 00:07:26,044 Narrator: BUT IN THE 1950s, 169 00:07:26,046 --> 00:07:29,381 AIRCRAFT-CARRIER DESIGN WAS TURNED ON ITS HEAD. 170 00:07:29,383 --> 00:07:32,984 ♪ 171 00:07:32,986 --> 00:07:35,420 NOW A FLOATING MUSEUM IN SAN DIEGO, 172 00:07:35,422 --> 00:07:36,555 THE U.S.S. MIDWAY 173 00:07:36,557 --> 00:07:38,924 WAS ONE OF THE FIRST AMERICAN CARRIERS 174 00:07:38,926 --> 00:07:41,726 TO BE FITTED WITH A GAME-CHANGING SOLUTION -- 175 00:07:41,728 --> 00:07:43,395 THE ANGLED DECK. 176 00:07:43,397 --> 00:07:47,399 ♪ 177 00:07:47,401 --> 00:07:49,100 IT WAS THE BRAINCHILD OF BRITISH 178 00:07:49,102 --> 00:07:51,169 ROYAL NAVY CAPTAIN DENNIS CAMBELL 179 00:07:51,171 --> 00:07:54,005 AND ENGINEER LEWIS BODDINGTON. 180 00:07:54,007 --> 00:07:55,540 ♪ 181 00:07:55,542 --> 00:07:58,076 THEY SUPPLEMENTED THE TRADITIONAL STRAIGHT DECK 182 00:07:58,078 --> 00:08:00,445 WITH A SECOND RUNWAY. 183 00:08:00,447 --> 00:08:05,550 THE PLANE'S LANDING AREA WAS NOW SEPARATED AT THE SHIP'S WAIST 184 00:08:05,552 --> 00:08:08,053 WHILE LAUNCH CATAPULTS WERE SAFELY POSITIONED 185 00:08:08,055 --> 00:08:11,122 AT THE FRONT OF THE SHIP. 186 00:08:11,124 --> 00:08:12,491 Garcia: WHEN THIS WAS A STRAIGHT DECK, 187 00:08:12,493 --> 00:08:15,060 YOU WOULD, BASICALLY, JUST SEE ONE LANDING AREA 188 00:08:15,062 --> 00:08:16,661 STRAIGHT UP AND DOWN THE SHIP, 189 00:08:16,663 --> 00:08:18,530 WITH TAXIING AND LAUNCHING AIRCRAFT 190 00:08:18,532 --> 00:08:19,998 TOWARDS THE BOW OF THE SHIP, 191 00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:21,967 LANDING AIRCRAFT TOWARDS THE BACK. 192 00:08:21,969 --> 00:08:23,368 REALLY, THE GAME WAS CHANGED 193 00:08:23,370 --> 00:08:25,437 WHEN WE WENT OVER TO THE ANGLED FLIGHT DECK. 194 00:08:25,439 --> 00:08:27,005 IT BECAME SO MUCH MORE EFFICIENT, 195 00:08:27,007 --> 00:08:30,008 AND, MORE IMPORTANTLY, SO MUCH SAFER. 196 00:08:30,010 --> 00:08:31,977 Narrator: THE MIDWAY'S REMARKABLE REFIT 197 00:08:31,979 --> 00:08:36,815 ALLOWED HER PLANES TO TAKE OFF AND LAND AT THE SAME TIME. 198 00:08:36,817 --> 00:08:38,950 Garcia: THE LANDING AIRCRAFT ARE GONNA BE OFFSET 199 00:08:38,952 --> 00:08:40,952 SO THAT IF THEY NEED TO TAKE BACK OFF, 200 00:08:40,954 --> 00:08:42,454 IF THEY MISSED A WIRE, 201 00:08:42,456 --> 00:08:44,956 THEY WILL HAVE THE ANGLED DECK 202 00:08:44,958 --> 00:08:46,591 THAT IS GOING TO KEEP THEM AWAY 203 00:08:46,593 --> 00:08:49,928 FROM THE LAUNCHING AIRCRAFT THAT ARE LAUNCHING STRAIGHT AHEAD. 204 00:08:49,930 --> 00:08:51,429 [ BIRD WHISTLES ] 205 00:08:51,431 --> 00:08:53,598 ♪ 206 00:08:53,600 --> 00:08:55,433 Narrator: SO, WILL ADDING AN ANGLED DECK 207 00:08:55,435 --> 00:08:57,969 BRING SOME ORDER TO TODAY'S MISSION? 208 00:08:57,971 --> 00:09:03,074 ♪ 209 00:09:03,076 --> 00:09:05,944 Garcia: AS YOU CAN SEE, WE'VE GOT ONE TAKING OFF. 210 00:09:05,946 --> 00:09:08,513 ♪ 211 00:09:08,515 --> 00:09:10,849 HE'S GONNA COME AROUND AND START EXECUTING TOUCH-AND-GOES 212 00:09:10,851 --> 00:09:13,351 WHILE WE LAUNCH THE OTHER AIRCRAFT. 213 00:09:13,353 --> 00:09:14,553 Narrator: AS ON THE MIDWAY, 214 00:09:14,555 --> 00:09:16,121 CAMBELL AND BODDINGTON'S ADDITION 215 00:09:16,123 --> 00:09:19,991 TRANSFORMS THIS AIRSTRIP INTO A WELL-OILED MACHINE. 216 00:09:19,993 --> 00:09:22,561 Garcia: HE'S APPROACHING ON HIS LANDING. 217 00:09:22,563 --> 00:09:24,930 LET'S GO AHEAD AND LAUNCH THE SECOND. 218 00:09:24,932 --> 00:09:27,299 AND YOU CAN SEE THAT THOSE TWO FLIGHT PATHS 219 00:09:27,301 --> 00:09:30,235 ARE NATURALLY DECONFLICTED BECAUSE OF THE ANGLE 220 00:09:30,237 --> 00:09:32,771 THAT LANDING AIRCRAFT IS COMING IN ON. 221 00:09:32,773 --> 00:09:34,940 AND WE'RE BASICALLY GETTING TWO LANDING STRIPS 222 00:09:34,942 --> 00:09:36,474 FOR THE PRICE OF ONE. 223 00:09:36,476 --> 00:09:40,679 ♪ 224 00:09:42,382 --> 00:09:43,915 [ CLOCK TICKING ] 225 00:09:46,253 --> 00:09:49,254 ♪ 226 00:09:49,256 --> 00:09:51,723 Narrator: THE U.S. NAVY'S ULTRA-MODERN FORD CLASS 227 00:09:51,725 --> 00:09:54,159 IS ALSO EQUIPPED WITH AN ANGLED DECK. 228 00:09:54,161 --> 00:09:58,396 ♪ 229 00:09:58,398 --> 00:10:02,601 BUT WHEREAS MIDWAY LAUNCHED JUST 89 SORTIES A DAY, 230 00:10:02,603 --> 00:10:05,870 THE FORD CLASS CAN COMPLETE OVER 200. 231 00:10:05,872 --> 00:10:07,806 ♪ 232 00:10:07,808 --> 00:10:09,240 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE FLIGHT DECK AS A WHOLE, 233 00:10:09,242 --> 00:10:10,709 4-1/2 ACRES SEEMS LARGE, 234 00:10:10,711 --> 00:10:13,178 BUT AS YOU ADD 50 FIGHTER AIRCRAFT 235 00:10:13,180 --> 00:10:15,580 AND AROUND 100 TO 150 PERSONNEL AT ALL TIMES 236 00:10:15,582 --> 00:10:16,848 PERFORMING THEIR VARIOUS TASKS, 237 00:10:16,850 --> 00:10:19,284 IT GETS VERY, VERY SMALL VERY QUICKLY. 238 00:10:19,286 --> 00:10:22,687 THE BALLET OF US DOING OUR JOB THEY CALL "CONTROLLED CHAOS," 239 00:10:22,689 --> 00:10:23,922 AND THAT'S REALLY WHAT IT IS. 240 00:10:23,924 --> 00:10:26,157 400 YARDS! 241 00:10:26,159 --> 00:10:28,026 Narrator: THE CAMBELL- AND-BODDINGTON-INSPIRED 242 00:10:28,028 --> 00:10:30,462 ANGLED FLIGHT DECK ENABLES THE FORD CLASS 243 00:10:30,464 --> 00:10:33,365 TO COMPLETE 25% MORE SORTIES A DAY 244 00:10:33,367 --> 00:10:36,301 THAN THE U.S. NAVY'S PREVIOUS CARRIER CLASS. 245 00:10:36,303 --> 00:10:38,269 Stoecklein: THE ANGLED FLIGHT DECK IS A MAJOR FEAT 246 00:10:38,271 --> 00:10:39,971 IN ENGINEERING IN ITSELF. 247 00:10:39,973 --> 00:10:42,307 WITH THAT ANGLED FLIGHT DECK, WE HAVE A LIVING AIRPORT 248 00:10:42,309 --> 00:10:44,376 THAT IS RECEIVING AIRCRAFT AT THE SAME TIME 249 00:10:44,378 --> 00:10:48,446 IT IS LAUNCHING AIRCRAFT, SIMULTANEOUSLY. 250 00:10:48,448 --> 00:10:51,182 Narrator: WITH THE SECOND IN CLASS, THE JOHN F. KENNEDY, 251 00:10:51,184 --> 00:10:53,852 UNDER CONSTRUCTION, IT'S UP TO ENGINEER MARCO 252 00:10:53,854 --> 00:10:58,089 TO DELIVER THE FORD CLASS'S NEXT AWESOME ANGLED DECK. 253 00:10:58,091 --> 00:11:00,425 Estrada: CURRENTLY, WE ARE AT THE 01 LEVEL OF THE SHIP. 254 00:11:00,427 --> 00:11:03,328 SO, THERE IS GONNA BE A COUPLE MORE LEVELS GOING UP 255 00:11:03,330 --> 00:11:04,863 WHERE THE FLIGHT DECK'S GOING TO BE. 256 00:11:04,865 --> 00:11:07,399 SO, CURRENTLY, WE'RE A LITTLE LOWER THAN THE FLIGHT DECK. 257 00:11:07,401 --> 00:11:09,134 BUT ONCE THE FLIGHT DECK IS INSTALLED, 258 00:11:09,136 --> 00:11:11,636 WE SHOULD SEE THE ANGLED DECK IN THIS DIRECTION, 259 00:11:11,638 --> 00:11:14,472 THE ISLAND STRUCTURE SHOULD BE IN THAT DIRECTION. 260 00:11:14,474 --> 00:11:17,175 Narrator: AND THAT, IN ITSELF, IS A MAJOR INNOVATION. 261 00:11:17,177 --> 00:11:19,711 SO, JUST HOW DID MOVING THE ISLAND IN RELATION 262 00:11:19,713 --> 00:11:21,246 TO THE REST OF THE FLIGHT DECK 263 00:11:21,248 --> 00:11:24,582 CHANGE AIRCRAFT-CARRIER DESIGN FOREVER? 264 00:11:24,584 --> 00:11:27,752 ♪ 265 00:11:36,430 --> 00:11:40,965 ♪ 266 00:11:40,967 --> 00:11:44,235 Narrator: THE CUTTING EDGE FORD-CLASS AIRCRAFT CARRIER, 267 00:11:44,237 --> 00:11:47,639 A STUDY IN NAVAL INNOVATION AND A DRAMATIC IMPROVEMENT 268 00:11:47,641 --> 00:11:50,442 ON FLIGHT-DECK EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY. 269 00:11:50,444 --> 00:11:52,177 IT DIFFERS FROM ITS PREDECESSORS 270 00:11:52,179 --> 00:11:53,878 IN A NUMBER OF WAYS. 271 00:11:55,582 --> 00:11:57,916 FOR EXAMPLE, THE POSITION OF THE ISLAND 272 00:11:57,918 --> 00:12:00,785 IS RADICALLY DIFFERENT FROM ALL PREVIOUS DESIGNS 273 00:12:00,787 --> 00:12:03,354 OF U.S. AIRCRAFT CARRIERS. 274 00:12:03,356 --> 00:12:05,290 THIS IS ONE OF THE KEYS TO THE CLASS'S 275 00:12:05,292 --> 00:12:07,492 EXTRAORDINARY CAPACITY TO LAUNCH 276 00:12:07,494 --> 00:12:10,428 AND RECOVER AIRCRAFT AT THE SAME TIME. 277 00:12:10,430 --> 00:12:12,430 ♪ 278 00:12:12,432 --> 00:12:14,833 Estrada: ON FORD CLASS, THE ISLAND STRUCTURE 279 00:12:14,835 --> 00:12:16,634 WAS MOVED FROM THIS AREA 280 00:12:16,636 --> 00:12:19,204 TO AN AREA CLOSER TO THE STERN OF THE SHIP. 281 00:12:19,206 --> 00:12:22,574 THAT ALLOWS MORE OF THE PARKING OF THE AIRCRAFT FORWARD 282 00:12:22,576 --> 00:12:24,042 OF THE ISLAND STRUCTURE, 283 00:12:24,044 --> 00:12:26,111 WHICH ALLOWS THE NAVY OPERATORS 284 00:12:26,113 --> 00:12:28,046 TO TURN AROUND THE AIRCRAFT FASTER. 285 00:12:28,048 --> 00:12:31,149 FUEL, SERVICE, WEAPONS LOADING, 286 00:12:31,151 --> 00:12:33,852 IN TURN, GENERATES MORE SORTIES. 287 00:12:33,854 --> 00:12:36,855 ♪ 288 00:12:38,959 --> 00:12:42,560 AT THIS POINT IN TIME, THIS AIRCRAFT CARRIER DESIGN 289 00:12:42,562 --> 00:12:45,897 IS THE PINNACLE OF FLIGHT OPERATIONS SUPPORT 290 00:12:45,899 --> 00:12:49,134 FOR THE U.S. NAVY. 291 00:12:49,136 --> 00:12:52,070 Narrator: THE RELOCATED ISLAND ALSO HAS A SMALLER FOOTPRINT 292 00:12:52,072 --> 00:12:53,371 THAN ITS PREDECESSORS, 293 00:12:53,373 --> 00:12:56,808 CREATING AN EXTRA USABLE DECK SPACE. 294 00:12:56,810 --> 00:12:58,109 BENEATH THE RUNWAYS, 295 00:12:58,111 --> 00:13:00,512 AIRCRAFT ARE STORED IN A GIANT HANGAR, 296 00:13:00,514 --> 00:13:01,913 DELIVERED TO THE FLIGHT DECK 297 00:13:01,915 --> 00:13:05,750 BY 82-FOOT-LONG ELECTROMECHANICAL ELEVATORS. 298 00:13:05,752 --> 00:13:10,655 ♪ 299 00:13:10,657 --> 00:13:12,791 POSITIONED ON THE SIDES OF THE SHIP, 300 00:13:12,793 --> 00:13:14,292 ANY CRAFT CAN BE MANEUVERED 301 00:13:14,294 --> 00:13:17,328 WITHOUT DISRUPTING LAUNCH OR RECOVERY. 302 00:13:19,699 --> 00:13:22,033 Stoecklein: WHAT YOU'RE LOOKING AT IS WHAT WE CALL ACE 3, 303 00:13:22,035 --> 00:13:24,369 OR AIRCRAFT ELEVATOR NUMBER 3, 304 00:13:24,371 --> 00:13:26,337 WHICH IS RIGHT HERE ON THE PORT SIDE OF THE SHIP. 305 00:13:26,339 --> 00:13:28,673 AND THE ELEVATOR IS UP RIGHT NOW, AS YOU CAN SEE, 306 00:13:28,675 --> 00:13:32,210 BUT AS YOU LOOK ON THESE SLOTS, THIS IS WHAT ACTUALLY SLIDES 307 00:13:32,212 --> 00:13:34,312 OUR AIRCRAFT ELEVATORS DOWN TO THE HANGAR BAY, 308 00:13:34,314 --> 00:13:36,915 AND HOW WE MOVE OUR AIRCRAFT IN AND OUT 309 00:13:36,917 --> 00:13:38,683 FOR MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS 310 00:13:38,685 --> 00:13:40,051 AND THEN MOVE IT BACK UP TO THE FLIGHT DECK 311 00:13:40,053 --> 00:13:41,820 AND TAXI THEM OFF. 312 00:13:41,822 --> 00:13:43,988 Narrator: THE FORD CLASS IS UNDOUBTEDLY TAKING 313 00:13:43,990 --> 00:13:47,458 AIRCRAFT DEPLOYMENT TO A WHOLE NEW LEVEL. 314 00:13:47,460 --> 00:13:50,929 BUT THE ENGINEERS FACE ANOTHER ALMIGHTY PROBLEM -- 315 00:13:50,931 --> 00:13:53,097 POWERING THIS GIANT CARRIER, 316 00:13:53,099 --> 00:13:55,099 AND IT IS GIANT. 317 00:13:55,101 --> 00:13:56,935 ♪ 318 00:13:56,937 --> 00:13:58,903 Stoecklein: THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER IS A MOVING BASE. 319 00:13:58,905 --> 00:14:00,104 IT IS A MOVING CITY. 320 00:14:00,106 --> 00:14:02,907 SO, WE HAVE A MOBILE CITY, A MOBILE AIRSTRIP, 321 00:14:02,909 --> 00:14:05,076 WITH ALL OF THE CAPABILITIES OF ANY AIRFIELD, 322 00:14:05,078 --> 00:14:07,412 AND IT CAN BE MOVED ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD. 323 00:14:07,414 --> 00:14:09,314 ♪ 324 00:14:09,316 --> 00:14:11,683 Narrator: AS TALL AS A GIANT SEQUOIA, 325 00:14:11,685 --> 00:14:14,152 LONGER THAN 60 NEW YORK CABS, 326 00:14:14,154 --> 00:14:17,355 AND ALMOST THE WIDTH OF AN AIRBUS A380, 327 00:14:17,357 --> 00:14:22,694 IT CAN HOLD UP TO 75 AIRCRAFT AND ACCOMMODATE 4,500 CREW. 328 00:14:22,696 --> 00:14:27,165 ♪ 329 00:14:27,167 --> 00:14:30,268 IN THE DRY DOCK, THE SECOND OF THIS BRAND-NEW CLASS, 330 00:14:30,270 --> 00:14:34,205 THE JOHN F. KENNEDY, IS CURRENTLY BEING ASSEMBLED. 331 00:14:34,207 --> 00:14:36,174 CONSTRUCTION DIRECTOR GEOFF HUMMEL 332 00:14:36,176 --> 00:14:39,210 IS SUPERVISING PART OF THE MAMMOTH BUILD. 333 00:14:40,680 --> 00:14:42,313 Hummel: WHEN WE'RE DONE 334 00:14:42,315 --> 00:14:43,448 BUILDING HER, WE'LL DELIVER A SHIP 335 00:14:43,450 --> 00:14:46,217 OF A LITTLE OVER 80,000 TONS OF DISPLACEMENT. 336 00:14:46,219 --> 00:14:49,053 WHEN THE NAVY ACTUALLY LOADS IT UP WITH CREW AND PLANES 337 00:14:49,055 --> 00:14:52,924 AND SUPPLIES, IT'LL BE CLOSE TO 100,000 TONS GOING TO SEA. 338 00:14:52,926 --> 00:14:55,927 Narrator: IT WILL TAKE MORE THAN 3.9 MILLION POUNDS 339 00:14:55,929 --> 00:14:58,630 OF WELDED METAL TO COMPLETE THIS SHIP. 340 00:14:58,632 --> 00:15:00,164 CONSTRUCTION ON THIS SCALE 341 00:15:00,166 --> 00:15:03,434 CREATES HUGE LOGISTICAL CHALLENGES. 342 00:15:03,436 --> 00:15:05,470 THE SOLUTION IS TO BUILD THE KENNEDY 343 00:15:05,472 --> 00:15:07,572 IN A SERIES OF MASSIVE SECTIONS, 344 00:15:07,574 --> 00:15:10,208 KNOWN AS SUPER LIFTS. 345 00:15:10,210 --> 00:15:13,077 RIGHT BEHIND US IS WHAT WE CALL THE LOWER BOW SUPER LIFT. 346 00:15:13,079 --> 00:15:16,114 IT'S ABOUT 60 FEET TALL, A LITTLE OVER 100 FEET LONG. 347 00:15:16,116 --> 00:15:17,916 IT'S MADE UP OF SEVEN UNITS THAT WERE BUILT 348 00:15:17,918 --> 00:15:20,084 IN OUR STEELS SHOPS, BROUGHT OVER HERE, 349 00:15:20,086 --> 00:15:22,220 AND JOINED INTO ONE GIANT SUPER LIFT. 350 00:15:22,222 --> 00:15:24,989 AND THEN IF YOU LOOK OVER, JUST AFT OF IT, 351 00:15:24,991 --> 00:15:26,324 WHAT YOU'LL SEE IS THE BEGINNINGS 352 00:15:26,326 --> 00:15:27,926 OF WHAT WE'LL CALL THE UPPER BOW. 353 00:15:27,928 --> 00:15:29,761 YOU CAN ACTUALLY SEE THE LEADING EDGE OF FLIGHT DECK 354 00:15:29,763 --> 00:15:31,663 THERE WITH THAT ROLLED SHAPE. 355 00:15:31,665 --> 00:15:34,365 THAT'S ACTUALLY GONNA BE THE VERY BOW OF THE SHIP. 356 00:15:34,367 --> 00:15:36,901 Narrator: THESE MEGA-STRUCTURES ARE ONLY POSSIBLE 357 00:15:36,903 --> 00:15:39,704 BECAUSE OF A STAGGERING PIECE OF ENGINEERING... 358 00:15:39,706 --> 00:15:42,774 ♪ 359 00:15:42,776 --> 00:15:46,644 ONE OF THE LARGEST CRANES IN THE WORLD. 360 00:15:46,646 --> 00:15:50,081 BEHIND ME HERE IS WHAT WE CALL OUR 1,050-TON CRANE. 361 00:15:50,083 --> 00:15:53,284 OTHER PEOPLE AFFECTIONATELY KNOW IT AS "BIG BLUE." 362 00:15:53,286 --> 00:15:56,621 THIS CRANE IS RATED FOR 1,050 METRIC TONS. 363 00:15:56,623 --> 00:16:00,024 ♪ 364 00:16:00,026 --> 00:16:03,294 IT'S A VERY CAPABLE CRANE. 365 00:16:03,296 --> 00:16:06,698 THE CRANE HAS TWO RAILS RUNNING WHAT WE CALL EAST AND WEST, 366 00:16:06,700 --> 00:16:08,499 TOWARDS AND AWAY FROM THE RIVER. 367 00:16:08,501 --> 00:16:11,669 IT SPANS ABOUT 540 FEET BETWEEN THE RAILS, 368 00:16:11,671 --> 00:16:13,838 AND IT'S ABOUT 230 FEET TALL. 369 00:16:13,840 --> 00:16:16,307 ♪ 370 00:16:16,309 --> 00:16:19,577 Narrator: WHEN YOU'RE MANEUVERING 1,100-TON STEEL SECTIONS, 371 00:16:19,579 --> 00:16:21,679 THERE'S NO ROOM FOR ERROR. 372 00:16:21,681 --> 00:16:26,150 BIG BLUE'S THREE HOISTS ALLOW PINPOINT PRECISION. 373 00:16:26,152 --> 00:16:28,486 Hummel: WITH THIS CRANE, YOU'RE ACTUALLY MAKING ONE MOVE 374 00:16:28,488 --> 00:16:30,688 WITH ALL THREE HOISTS BEING SYNCHRONIZED. 375 00:16:30,690 --> 00:16:32,623 IT'S GOT SOME PRETTY GOOD PRECISION, 376 00:16:32,625 --> 00:16:34,225 AS FAR AS HOW ACCURATELY 377 00:16:34,227 --> 00:16:36,060 WE CAN PLACE THE UNIT, OR MOVE THE UNIT, 378 00:16:36,062 --> 00:16:38,396 TO GET IT WITHIN AN INCH OR LESS. 379 00:16:38,398 --> 00:16:39,864 AND THEN WE CAN ACTUALLY USE SOME JACKS 380 00:16:39,866 --> 00:16:42,500 TO POSITION THE UNIT EXACTLY WHERE WE WANT IT. 381 00:16:42,502 --> 00:16:44,802 IT'S JUST COOL, MAN. [ CHUCKLES ] 382 00:16:44,804 --> 00:16:46,404 ♪ 383 00:16:46,406 --> 00:16:49,273 Narrator: BUT ONCE AT SEA, THE FORD CLASS'S SHEER SCALE 384 00:16:49,275 --> 00:16:52,777 POSES ANOTHER ENORMOUS PROBLEM. 385 00:16:52,779 --> 00:16:55,747 AS THEIR MISSIONS WILL LAST FOR MONTHS AT A TIME, 386 00:16:55,749 --> 00:16:57,315 PROPELLING A SHIP OF THIS SIZE 387 00:16:57,317 --> 00:16:59,650 WITH TRADITIONAL THIRSTY COMBUSTION ENGINES 388 00:16:59,652 --> 00:17:01,419 IS OUT OF THE QUESTION. 389 00:17:01,421 --> 00:17:03,955 ♪ 390 00:17:03,957 --> 00:17:06,657 NOT ONLY THAT, THE POWER NEEDS TO SATISFY 391 00:17:06,659 --> 00:17:09,794 THE DEMANDS OF OVER 4,500 CREW. 392 00:17:09,796 --> 00:17:11,896 ♪ 393 00:17:11,898 --> 00:17:13,965 A NEW POWER SOURCE IS NEEDED. 394 00:17:13,967 --> 00:17:15,500 CAN THE INNOVATORS OF THE PAST 395 00:17:15,502 --> 00:17:17,668 SHED ANY LIGHT ON THE PROBLEM? 396 00:17:17,670 --> 00:17:20,638 ♪ 397 00:17:20,640 --> 00:17:24,142 [ CLOCK TICKING ] 398 00:17:24,144 --> 00:17:28,346 ♪ 399 00:17:28,348 --> 00:17:30,515 CARTAGENA IN SOUTHEAST SPAIN 400 00:17:30,517 --> 00:17:33,851 COULD HARBOR A SOLUTION FOR THE FORD CLASS. 401 00:17:33,853 --> 00:17:36,020 ♪ 402 00:17:36,022 --> 00:17:38,790 FORMER SPANISH SUBMARINER DIEGO QUEVEDO 403 00:17:38,792 --> 00:17:40,858 IS VISITING THE HISTORIC NAVAL BASE 404 00:17:40,860 --> 00:17:43,828 OF A NATION THAT ONCE RULED THE WAVES. 405 00:17:52,105 --> 00:17:54,105 ♪ 406 00:17:54,107 --> 00:17:55,506 BY THE 1800s, 407 00:17:55,508 --> 00:17:58,910 THE MIGHT OF THE SPANISH NAVY MAY HAVE FADED AWAY, 408 00:17:58,912 --> 00:18:00,545 BUT IN 1888, 409 00:18:00,547 --> 00:18:04,282 A NEW BREED OF MARITIME ENGINEERING SURFACED. 410 00:18:04,284 --> 00:18:10,621 ♪ 411 00:18:14,961 --> 00:18:16,327 THE WORLD'S FIRST 412 00:18:16,329 --> 00:18:19,597 FULLY-FUNCTIONING MILITARY SUBMERSIBLE, 413 00:18:19,599 --> 00:18:23,968 THE 72-FOOT LONG PERAL CHANGED THE FACE OF WARFARE. 414 00:18:35,815 --> 00:18:37,081 ♪ 415 00:18:37,083 --> 00:18:39,417 BUT THE SPANISH ENGINEERS HAD THE SAME PROBLEM 416 00:18:39,419 --> 00:18:41,819 AS THE ONE FACING THE FORD CLASS -- 417 00:18:41,821 --> 00:18:43,354 HOW TO POWER THE PERAL 418 00:18:43,356 --> 00:18:46,357 ON LONG MISSIONS THROUGH THE WORLD'S OCEANS. 419 00:18:55,702 --> 00:18:59,370 Narrator: HOWEVER, A COMBUSTION ENGINE'S TOXIC FUMES 420 00:18:59,372 --> 00:19:02,807 WOULD BE DEADLY IN THIS AIR-TIGHT STEEL TUBE. 421 00:19:12,152 --> 00:19:15,720 SO, HOW DID THE SPANISH NAVY POWER THE PERAL, 422 00:19:15,722 --> 00:19:17,421 AND HOW CAN THE ANSWER HELP 423 00:19:17,423 --> 00:19:20,892 TO DRIVE THE GREATEST WARSHIP EVER BUILT? 424 00:19:37,177 --> 00:19:40,311 Narrator: THE PERAL SUBMARINE WAS THE FIRST SUBMERSIBLE VESSEL 425 00:19:40,313 --> 00:19:42,113 OF ITS KIND IN HISTORY, 426 00:19:42,115 --> 00:19:44,582 AND THE SPANISH NAVY NEEDED A WAY TO POWER IT 427 00:19:44,584 --> 00:19:48,452 WITHOUT THE TOXIC FUMES OF A TRADITIONAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. 428 00:19:50,190 --> 00:19:52,757 THE SUBMARINE'S DESIGNER, 429 00:19:52,759 --> 00:19:57,328 NAVAL ENGINEER ISAAC PERAL HAD AN INGENIOUS ANSWER. 430 00:19:57,330 --> 00:20:00,131 TO CREATE SUSTAINABLE POWER BENEATH THE WAVES, 431 00:20:00,133 --> 00:20:02,500 HE TURNED TO ELECTRICITY. 432 00:20:04,504 --> 00:20:06,537 AND TODAY, DIEGO QUEVEDO 433 00:20:06,539 --> 00:20:09,907 HAS SPECIAL ACCESS TO THE HEART OF THE SOLUTION. 434 00:20:22,855 --> 00:20:26,557 THE PERAL WAS LINED WITH 33 TONS' WORTH 435 00:20:26,559 --> 00:20:29,694 OF RECHARGEABLE LEAD-ACID BATTERIES. 436 00:20:29,696 --> 00:20:31,062 THEIR FIRST JOB -- 437 00:20:31,064 --> 00:20:34,131 TO PROPEL ITS SLEEK STRUCTURE THROUGH THE DEPTHS. 438 00:20:51,584 --> 00:20:53,484 ♪ 439 00:20:53,486 --> 00:20:57,421 VIRTUALLY EVERY SYSTEM ON BOARD WAS ALSO BATTERY-POWERED, 440 00:20:57,423 --> 00:21:01,259 MAKING THIS THE WORLD'S FIRST TRULY SELF-SUFFICIENT SUB, 441 00:21:01,261 --> 00:21:05,296 CEMENTING PERAL'S CONTRIBUTION TO MARINE POWER. 442 00:21:14,907 --> 00:21:18,242 ♪ 443 00:21:18,244 --> 00:21:20,278 [ CLOCK TICKING ] 444 00:21:21,948 --> 00:21:25,449 ♪ 445 00:21:25,451 --> 00:21:27,151 THE PERAL'S BATTERIES ALLOWED IT 446 00:21:27,153 --> 00:21:29,520 TO CRUISE UNDERWATER FOR A FEW HOURS 447 00:21:29,522 --> 00:21:33,024 WITH A RANGE OF 132 NAUTICAL MILES, 448 00:21:33,026 --> 00:21:35,860 BUT THE FORD CLASS' POWER SOURCE CAN KEEP IT AT SEA 449 00:21:35,862 --> 00:21:39,664 FOR MONTHS AT A TIME WITHOUT REFUELING. 450 00:21:39,666 --> 00:21:42,300 BUILDING ON MODERN SUBMARINE TECHNOLOGY, 451 00:21:42,302 --> 00:21:43,668 THE SOLUTION IS A PAIR 452 00:21:43,670 --> 00:21:47,505 OF STATE-OF-THE-ART NUCLEAR REACTORS. 453 00:21:47,507 --> 00:21:49,073 Stoecklein: ONE OF THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES 454 00:21:49,075 --> 00:21:50,975 TO HAVING NUCLEAR POWER IS AN ENGINEERING FEAT 455 00:21:50,977 --> 00:21:54,912 OF ACTUALLY GETTING 100,000 TONS OF DISPLACEMENT 456 00:21:54,914 --> 00:21:56,614 WITH THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER THROUGH THE WATER 457 00:21:56,616 --> 00:21:58,149 AT ABOUT 35-PLUS KNOTS. 458 00:21:58,151 --> 00:22:02,386 WE ARE ABLE TO HAVE 4.5 ACRES OF SOVEREIGN AMERICAN SOIL 459 00:22:02,388 --> 00:22:04,155 ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD FOR UP TO 25 YEARS 460 00:22:04,157 --> 00:22:05,990 AT A TIME UNDER NUCLEAR POWER. 461 00:22:08,695 --> 00:22:12,163 Narrator: THE NUCLEAR REACTOR SPLIT URANIUM, PRODUCING HEAT, 462 00:22:12,165 --> 00:22:16,734 WHICH CONVERTS WATER TO STEAM, POWERING FOUR TURBINES. 463 00:22:16,736 --> 00:22:19,503 THESE ROTATE FOUR PROPELLER SHAFTS TO DRIVE 464 00:22:19,505 --> 00:22:21,939 THE 1,100-FOOT-LONG CARRIER. 465 00:22:24,410 --> 00:22:26,677 BUT THE REACTOR'S OUTPUT IS SO IMMENSE 466 00:22:26,679 --> 00:22:30,381 THEY CAN ALSO PRODUCE HUGE AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICITY. 467 00:22:30,383 --> 00:22:32,483 UNLIKE ANY CARRIER BEFORE IT, 468 00:22:32,485 --> 00:22:35,319 VIRTUALLY EVERYTHING ON THE TRAILBLAZING FORD CLASS 469 00:22:35,321 --> 00:22:37,855 IS POWERED BY ELECTRICITY. 470 00:22:37,857 --> 00:22:39,690 Stoecklein: USS GERALD R. FORD CARRIES A LOAD 471 00:22:39,692 --> 00:22:42,993 OF 13.8 THOUSAND KILOVOLTS OF AMPERAGE. 472 00:22:42,995 --> 00:22:45,796 SO YOU'RE LOOKING AT THREE TIMES THE AMOUNT OF ELECTRICAL LOAD 473 00:22:45,798 --> 00:22:48,232 THAT THE AIRCRAFT CARRIERS BEFORE US HAVE EVER HAD, 474 00:22:48,234 --> 00:22:50,301 AND THAT ALLOWS US FOR SOME OF THE NEW TECHNOLOGY 475 00:22:50,303 --> 00:22:52,036 THAT WE HAVE ON BOARD. 476 00:22:54,073 --> 00:22:57,508 Narrator: AND OVER 9.8 MILLION FEET OF ELECTRICAL CABLING 477 00:22:57,510 --> 00:23:01,612 ALSO PROVIDE ENERGY FOR THE 4,500 CREW ON BOARD. 478 00:23:01,614 --> 00:23:03,781 Stoecklein: THE USS GERALD R. FORD IS A FLOATING CITY, 479 00:23:03,783 --> 00:23:06,283 SO WE HAVE EVERY SERVICE THAT A CIVILIAN COUNTERPART 480 00:23:06,285 --> 00:23:08,753 OR AN ACTUAL TOWNSHIP THAT YOU MIGHT LIVE IN MIGHT HAVE. 481 00:23:08,755 --> 00:23:10,721 WE HAVE A POST OFFICE, WE HAVE GYMS, 482 00:23:10,723 --> 00:23:13,991 WE HAVE A COFFEE SHOP, WE HAVE LAUNDRY SERVICE. 483 00:23:13,993 --> 00:23:16,861 WE HAVE THAT ON BOARD SO THAT WE CAN SUSTAIN OURSELVES OUT 484 00:23:16,863 --> 00:23:19,964 FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME AND REALLY BE EFFECTIVE. 485 00:23:22,969 --> 00:23:26,704 Narrator: BUT THE CIVILIAN SERVICES ARE NOT THE SHIP'S MAIN ATTRACTION. 486 00:23:26,706 --> 00:23:29,874 IT IS, AFTER ALL, A WARSHIP. 487 00:23:29,876 --> 00:23:34,412 THIS BRAND-NEW CARRIER CLASS HAS 17 DECKS. 488 00:23:34,414 --> 00:23:39,383 ITS COLOSSAL FLIGHT DECK STRETCHES TO FIVE ACRES. 489 00:23:39,385 --> 00:23:41,619 IT BOASTS SUPERSIZED ENGINEERING 490 00:23:41,621 --> 00:23:44,054 DESIGNED TO DEPLOY MORE AIRCRAFT MISSIONS 491 00:23:44,056 --> 00:23:47,157 THAN EVER BEFORE IN ANY PART OF THE WORLD. 492 00:23:47,159 --> 00:23:49,293 THE FIRST OF THIS GAME-CHANGING FLEET 493 00:23:49,295 --> 00:23:52,997 HAS ONLY RECENTLY BEEN COMMISSIONED INTO THE US NAVY. 494 00:23:52,999 --> 00:23:55,566 USS GERALD R. FORD IS SETTING THE STANDARD AND SETTING THE BAR 495 00:23:55,568 --> 00:23:57,435 ON THE WAY THAT AIRCRAFT CARRIERS AROUND THE WORLD 496 00:23:57,437 --> 00:23:58,936 AND THE WAY THAT NAVAL OPERATIONS ARE GONNA BE 497 00:23:58,938 --> 00:24:01,639 DEALT WITH AND SUSTAINED. 498 00:24:01,641 --> 00:24:03,441 Narrator: 10 RECORD-BREAKING CARRIERS 499 00:24:03,443 --> 00:24:07,144 WILL EVENTUALLY MAKE UP THE FORD CLASS. 500 00:24:07,146 --> 00:24:09,213 THE SECOND OF WHICH, THE JOHN F. KENNEDY, 501 00:24:09,215 --> 00:24:11,615 IS CURRENTLY BEING ASSEMBLED. 502 00:24:11,617 --> 00:24:16,420 WHEN COMPLETED, IT WILL BE WELL OVER 950 FEET LONG, 503 00:24:16,422 --> 00:24:18,088 BUT ITS RUNWAY WILL ONLY BE 504 00:24:18,090 --> 00:24:22,960 AROUND 1/7 OF A NORMAL RUNWAY'S LENGTH. 505 00:24:22,962 --> 00:24:24,995 LAUNCHING AIRCRAFT IN THIS DISTANCE 506 00:24:24,997 --> 00:24:29,266 POSES A HUGE PROBLEM FOR ENGINEER GABE SAVA. 507 00:24:29,268 --> 00:24:34,705 Sava: THE RUNWAY ON THIS CARRIER IS GONNA BE JUST UNDER 350 FEET. 508 00:24:34,707 --> 00:24:36,073 SO THE GREATEST CHALLENGE 509 00:24:36,075 --> 00:24:39,443 INVOLVED IN LAUNCHING AN AIRCRAFT FROM A CARRIER 510 00:24:39,445 --> 00:24:42,880 IS THAT YOU ONLY HAVE A FRACTION OF THE RUNWAY 511 00:24:42,882 --> 00:24:47,451 THAT AN AIRCRAFT TYPICALLY WOULD NEED IN ORDER TO TAKE OFF. 512 00:24:47,453 --> 00:24:50,821 TO GET THE AIRCRAFT TO THE ADEQUATE SPEED, 513 00:24:50,823 --> 00:24:53,858 WE HAVE TO USE A SYSTEM OF LAUNCHING, 514 00:24:53,860 --> 00:24:56,794 WHICH IS A CATAPULT SYSTEM THAT PROPELS 515 00:24:56,796 --> 00:25:02,233 AND ACCELERATES THE AIRCRAFT SO THAT IT CAN TAKE OFF. 516 00:25:02,235 --> 00:25:05,569 Narrator: TO DATE, LAUNCH CATAPULTS HAVE BEEN STEAM-DRIVEN, 517 00:25:05,571 --> 00:25:08,072 BUT THESE SYSTEMS LACK ACCELERATION CONTROL 518 00:25:08,074 --> 00:25:11,075 AND WOULD RIP APART THE FORD CLASS' LIGHTER AIRCRAFT 519 00:25:11,077 --> 00:25:14,445 SUCH AS UNMANNED DRONES. 520 00:25:14,447 --> 00:25:18,215 Sava: STEAM-POWERED CATAPULTS, BY THEIR VERY NATURE, 521 00:25:18,217 --> 00:25:22,419 CAN PUT A LOT OF LOADS OR STRESS ON THE AIRCRAFT. 522 00:25:22,421 --> 00:25:26,357 IN ADDITION, STEAM CATAPULTS REQUIRE A LOT OF MAINTENANCE. 523 00:25:26,359 --> 00:25:29,260 THERE'S A LOT OF CORROSION WITHIN THE TROUGHS 524 00:25:29,262 --> 00:25:32,329 BECAUSE THERE'S A LOT OF MOISTURE. 525 00:25:32,331 --> 00:25:35,633 Narrator: ENGINEERS NEEDED A WAY TO GET AIRCRAFT UP TO SPEED 526 00:25:35,635 --> 00:25:38,736 WHILE ALSO PROTECTING THEIR STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY 527 00:25:38,738 --> 00:25:42,973 AND THAT OF THE LAUNCHING APPARATUS. 528 00:25:42,975 --> 00:25:44,975 TO DO SO, THEY WOULD HAVE TO TURN 529 00:25:44,977 --> 00:25:47,077 TO THE INNOVATORS OF THE PAST. 530 00:25:58,858 --> 00:26:04,461 ♪ 531 00:26:04,463 --> 00:26:07,765 Narrator: ON THE U.S. NAVY'S MOST ADVANCED WARSHIP EVER, 532 00:26:07,767 --> 00:26:09,133 TRADITIONAL SHIP-TO-AIR 533 00:26:09,135 --> 00:26:11,535 LAUNCH TECHNIQUES WEREN'T GOING TO CUT IT. 534 00:26:14,073 --> 00:26:16,407 THE TEAM BEHIND THIS MONSTER VESSEL 535 00:26:16,409 --> 00:26:19,143 NEEDED A WAY TO GET AIRCRAFT UP TO LAUNCH SPEED 536 00:26:19,145 --> 00:26:22,313 WITH ABOUT 1/7 OF THE TRADITIONAL RUNWAY. 537 00:26:26,152 --> 00:26:27,618 THE FORD CLASS' ENGINEERS 538 00:26:27,620 --> 00:26:30,054 PROPOSED A GROUNDBREAKING SOLUTION -- 539 00:26:30,056 --> 00:26:33,524 CATAPULT POWER GENERATED BY ELECTROMAGNETICS. 540 00:26:36,162 --> 00:26:39,363 PETTY OFFICER DANIEL RIVERA IS PART OF THE LAUNCH TEAM 541 00:26:39,365 --> 00:26:42,967 INVOLVED IN THE INITIAL TESTING. 542 00:26:42,969 --> 00:26:45,102 Rivera: WE HAVE TO PERFORM WHAT'S CALLED DEAD-LOAD TESTING. 543 00:26:45,104 --> 00:26:48,405 A DEAD LOAD IS, ESSENTIALLY, A BIG PIECE OF METAL ON WHEELS 544 00:26:48,407 --> 00:26:51,008 THAT REPRESENTS DIFFERENT AIRCRAFT WEIGHTS. 545 00:26:51,010 --> 00:26:53,243 AND PRETTY MUCH, WE WERE ON THE FLIGHT DECK, 546 00:26:53,245 --> 00:26:54,945 AND WE LAUNCH EACH DEAD LOAD. 547 00:26:54,947 --> 00:26:57,348 THE DEAD LOADS WILL GO ACTUALLY OFF THE BOAT. 548 00:26:57,350 --> 00:27:00,284 THEY WILL TAKE OFF AND FLY OVER INTO THE JAMES RIVER. 549 00:27:00,286 --> 00:27:08,225 ♪ 550 00:27:08,227 --> 00:27:10,995 Narrator: CONCEALED BELOW THE CATAPULT'S SHUTTLE AND RAILS, 551 00:27:10,997 --> 00:27:13,430 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC AIRCRAFT-LAUNCH SYSTEM, 552 00:27:13,432 --> 00:27:14,999 KNOWN AS EMALS, 553 00:27:15,001 --> 00:27:18,902 USES THE SHIP'S POWER TO CREATE AN ENORMOUS ELECTRICAL CHARGE. 554 00:27:24,010 --> 00:27:27,244 Rivera: THE SYSTEM USES 13,800 KILOVOLTS 555 00:27:27,246 --> 00:27:28,679 THAT'S BEING GENERATED FROM THE SHIP 556 00:27:28,681 --> 00:27:30,481 IN ORDER TO POWER THE EQUIPMENT, 557 00:27:30,483 --> 00:27:33,984 AND WITH THAT ENERGY, WE'RE ABLE TO LAUNCH AN AIRCRAFT ZERO 558 00:27:33,986 --> 00:27:38,022 TO ABOUT 150 MILES PER HOUR IN JUST UNDER 3 SECONDS. 559 00:27:42,895 --> 00:27:47,231 Narrator: WITH THE PLANE ON 100% THROTTLE, THIS HUGE SHOT OF ELECTRICITY 560 00:27:47,233 --> 00:27:49,933 IS RELEASED INTO A SERIES OF ELECTROMAGNETS 561 00:27:49,935 --> 00:27:52,469 POSITIONED DOWN TWO LAUNCH RAILS. 562 00:27:52,471 --> 00:27:54,605 A POWERFUL MAGNETIC WAVE PROPELS 563 00:27:54,607 --> 00:27:56,907 THE ATTACHED PLANE OFF THE RUNWAY. 564 00:27:59,645 --> 00:28:02,579 WITH EMALS, THE POWER THAT WE PRODUCE DURING EACH AIRCRAFT 565 00:28:02,581 --> 00:28:04,481 LAUNCH IS A LOT MORE CONTROLLED. 566 00:28:04,483 --> 00:28:05,916 SO, FOR THAT REASON, 567 00:28:05,918 --> 00:28:08,152 WE CAN BE ABLE TO LAUNCH A WIDER RANGE OF AIRCRAFT. 568 00:28:08,154 --> 00:28:09,753 USING COMPUTER SOFTWARE 569 00:28:09,755 --> 00:28:11,822 WHILE THE CATAPULT IS GOING DOWN THE TRACK, 570 00:28:11,824 --> 00:28:13,691 IT KNOWS HOW MUCH POWER IS NEEDED 571 00:28:13,693 --> 00:28:15,859 IN ORDER TO GET THAT AIRCRAFT OFF THE DECK. 572 00:28:18,164 --> 00:28:20,998 Narrator: BUT SOMETIMES EVEN THE MIGHTY EMALS CATAPULT 573 00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:25,235 ISN'T ENOUGH TO GET THE JETS OFF THE DECK. 574 00:28:25,237 --> 00:28:28,405 CHIEF PETTY OFFICER JEREMY STOECKLEIN HAS EXPERIENCED 575 00:28:28,407 --> 00:28:32,743 THIS POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS SITUATION FIRSTHAND. 576 00:28:32,745 --> 00:28:34,311 Stoecklein: THERE ARE TIMES THAT WE'RE OUT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE OCEAN, 577 00:28:34,313 --> 00:28:36,146 DEPENDING ON WEATHER, DEPENDING ON WHAT THE AIRCRAFT 578 00:28:36,148 --> 00:28:37,648 NEEDS TO BE LOADED DOWN WITH, 579 00:28:37,650 --> 00:28:40,417 SOMETIMES THAT AIRCRAFT DOESN'T HAVE ENOUGH POWER 580 00:28:40,419 --> 00:28:43,153 ON 100% THROTTLE TO REACH THAT MINIMUM AIR SPEED, 581 00:28:43,155 --> 00:28:45,689 AND SOMETIMES WE NEED JUST A LITTLE BIT EXTRA. 582 00:28:45,691 --> 00:28:47,057 Narrator: FOR THE ENGINEERS, 583 00:28:47,059 --> 00:28:50,627 THIS IS A PROBLEM THAT COULD END IN DISASTER. 584 00:28:50,629 --> 00:28:52,296 Rivera: IF THE AIRCRAFT DIDN'T HAVE ENOUGH POWER, 585 00:28:52,298 --> 00:28:53,731 IT COULD BE VERY CATASTROPHIC, 586 00:28:53,733 --> 00:28:55,399 BECAUSE THE AIRCRAFT COULD END UP GOING INTO THE WATER 587 00:28:55,401 --> 00:28:57,434 AND NOT TAKING OFF AT ALL. 588 00:28:57,436 --> 00:29:01,405 Narrator: SO HOW CAN THESE PHENOMENAL GETS PRODUCE MORE POWER? 589 00:29:01,407 --> 00:29:04,274 IT'S A CHALLENGE THAT'S BEEN FACED IN THE PAST. 590 00:29:07,179 --> 00:29:10,481 [ TICKING ] 591 00:29:10,483 --> 00:29:15,619 ♪ 592 00:29:15,621 --> 00:29:18,288 ENGINEER DAN DICKRELL IS AT THE PATUXENT RIVER 593 00:29:18,290 --> 00:29:20,057 NAVAL AIR BASE IN MARYLAND, 594 00:29:20,059 --> 00:29:22,359 THE SITE OF AN EXTRAORDINARY INNOVATION 595 00:29:22,361 --> 00:29:25,562 THAT COULD PROVIDE A SOLUTION FOR THE FORD CLASS. 596 00:29:28,601 --> 00:29:30,200 Dickrell: THIS IS A T-38 TALON. 597 00:29:30,202 --> 00:29:32,136 IT'S A TWO-SEAT TRAINER. 598 00:29:32,138 --> 00:29:35,739 IT'S POWERED BY TWO GENERAL ELECTRIC J85 ENGINES. 599 00:29:35,741 --> 00:29:38,208 TOP SPEED'S OVER 1,200 MILES PER HOUR, 600 00:29:38,210 --> 00:29:41,645 WHICH IS SUPERSONIC, FASTER THAN THE SPEED OF SOUND. 601 00:29:41,647 --> 00:29:44,848 Narrator: TODAY, THE T-38 IS ENTERING THE HUSH HOUSE, 602 00:29:44,850 --> 00:29:47,851 A SECRETIVE TEST FACILITY WHERE ENGINEERS CAN SEE 603 00:29:47,853 --> 00:29:51,855 HOW JET ENGINES PERFORM UP CLOSE. 604 00:29:51,857 --> 00:29:54,625 Dickrell: ALL RIGHT, SO THE T-38's TIED DOWN. 605 00:29:54,627 --> 00:29:56,426 THE TEST IS ABOUT TO BEGIN. 606 00:29:56,428 --> 00:29:58,162 LET'S DO IT. 607 00:30:00,299 --> 00:30:03,467 Narrator: WITH SPECIAL CLEARANCE JUST FEET FROM THE ENGINE, 608 00:30:03,469 --> 00:30:06,470 DAN IS WITNESSING A TEST THAT WILL REVEAL ONE OF THE KEYS 609 00:30:06,472 --> 00:30:10,207 TO A SUCCESSFUL AIRCRAFT-CARRIER LAUNCH. 610 00:30:10,209 --> 00:30:12,776 HERE WE GO. TEST IS BEGINNING. 611 00:30:12,778 --> 00:30:15,078 [ ENGINE REVVING ] PRETTY EXCITED. 612 00:30:15,080 --> 00:30:16,480 YOU CAN HEAR IT FUELING UP. 613 00:30:24,657 --> 00:30:26,456 [ FUEL IGNITES ] 614 00:30:40,239 --> 00:30:42,139 Narrator: THIS INCREDIBLE SIGHT IS CREATED 615 00:30:42,141 --> 00:30:44,675 BY WHAT'S KNOWN AS AN AFTERBURNER. 616 00:30:48,714 --> 00:30:51,281 IT'S THE SECRET TO PRODUCING THE THRUST REQUIRED 617 00:30:51,283 --> 00:30:53,250 BY THE FORD CLASS' JETS. 618 00:30:53,252 --> 00:30:59,189 ♪ 619 00:30:59,191 --> 00:31:03,160 IT WAS INVENTED OVER 85 YEARS AGO BY SIR FRANK WHITTLE, 620 00:31:03,162 --> 00:31:05,896 ONE OF THE FOREFATHERS OF THE AIRCRAFT ENGINE. 621 00:31:08,601 --> 00:31:11,134 Reporter: A METEOR JET PLANE IS READY FOR AN UNOFFICIAL APPROACH 622 00:31:11,136 --> 00:31:13,036 TO THE SOUND BARRIER. 623 00:31:13,038 --> 00:31:15,439 Narrator: DURING THE 1940s, THE RACE WAS ON, 624 00:31:15,441 --> 00:31:17,608 NOT ONLY TO BREAK THE SOUND BARRIER, 625 00:31:17,610 --> 00:31:20,911 BUT ALSO TO REACH 1,000 MILES PER HOUR. 626 00:31:20,913 --> 00:31:22,880 JET ENGINES NEEDED MORE POWER, 627 00:31:22,882 --> 00:31:25,415 BUT MAKING THEM BIGGER WAS OUT OF THE QUESTION. 628 00:31:25,417 --> 00:31:29,419 SO WHITTLE DEVISED HIS RADICAL SOLUTION, THE AFTERBURNER. 629 00:31:29,421 --> 00:31:31,755 SEE, IT'S RIGHT HERE ON THE BACK OF THE ENGINE. 630 00:31:31,757 --> 00:31:33,724 IT VASTLY INCREASES THE AMOUNT OF THRUST 631 00:31:33,726 --> 00:31:35,225 THAT'S AVAILABLE TO THE ENGINE 632 00:31:35,227 --> 00:31:39,329 WITHOUT ADDING MUCH WEIGHT OR COMPLEXITY TO THE ENGINE ITSELF. 633 00:31:39,331 --> 00:31:42,466 Narrator: WITH MINIMAL ADJUSTMENTS, WHITTLE FIGURED OUT HOW TO 634 00:31:42,468 --> 00:31:45,869 DRAMATICALLY OUTPERFORM THE STANDARD JET ENGINE, 635 00:31:45,871 --> 00:31:49,172 AND HIS INGENIOUS MODIFICATION HOLDS THE KEY 636 00:31:49,174 --> 00:31:51,008 TO GETTING AIRCRAFT FROM THE DECK 637 00:31:51,010 --> 00:31:54,378 OF A FORD-CLASS AIRCRAFT CARRIER TO THE SKIES. 638 00:32:06,358 --> 00:32:11,929 ♪ 639 00:32:11,931 --> 00:32:15,198 Narrator: WHEN ENGINEERS BEHIND THE FORD-CLASS AIRCRAFT CARRIER 640 00:32:15,200 --> 00:32:17,634 NEEDED TO GET AIRCRAFT FROM DECK TO AIR 641 00:32:17,636 --> 00:32:20,370 USING ABOUT 1/7 OF THE RUNWAY SPACE, 642 00:32:20,372 --> 00:32:23,674 THE ANSWER WAS THRUST, AND THEY TURNED TO SIR FRANK 643 00:32:23,676 --> 00:32:29,413 WHITTLE'S HISTORIC INNOVATION TO PROVIDE IT. 644 00:32:29,415 --> 00:32:32,683 A STANDARD JET ENGINE TAKES AIR IN, ADDS FUEL, 645 00:32:32,685 --> 00:32:36,553 AND IGNITES THE MIXTURE, PROPELLING THE AIRCRAFT FORWARD. 646 00:32:36,555 --> 00:32:39,489 WHITTLE REALIZED MUCH OF THE OXYGEN WAS UNUSED, 647 00:32:39,491 --> 00:32:42,192 SO HE ADDED MORE FUEL AT THE REAR OF THE ENGINE 648 00:32:42,194 --> 00:32:45,429 TO UTILIZE IT. 649 00:32:45,431 --> 00:32:49,599 THIS CREATES A MASSIVE AMOUNT OF EXTRA THRUST. 650 00:32:49,601 --> 00:32:51,001 Dickrell: WHEN YOU'RE DESIGNING SOMETHING, 651 00:32:51,003 --> 00:32:52,836 THE SIMPLER IS USUALLY THE BETTER, 652 00:32:52,838 --> 00:32:55,572 AND WHITTLE'S SOLUTION IS AMAZINGLY SIMPLE 653 00:32:55,574 --> 00:32:58,342 YET ITS PERFORMANCE INCREASE IS BRILLIANT. 654 00:33:02,281 --> 00:33:05,048 Narrator: TO FULLY APPRECIATE THE AFTERBURN EXPERIENCE, 655 00:33:05,050 --> 00:33:07,150 AND AIR-FORCE VETERAN, BUD GREEN, 656 00:33:07,152 --> 00:33:11,154 IS REACQUAINTING HIMSELF WITH THE F-100, 657 00:33:11,156 --> 00:33:15,692 THE FIRST US JET TO FLY SUPERSONIC. 658 00:33:15,694 --> 00:33:19,329 ZERO TO 62 MILES PER HOUR TAKES JUST SECONDS. 659 00:33:21,633 --> 00:33:25,202 Green: OH. 660 00:33:25,204 --> 00:33:28,839 Narrator: AT TOP SPEED, IT SMASHES THROUGH THE SOUND BARRIER. 661 00:33:33,178 --> 00:33:36,079 COURTESY OF A STAGGERING PIECE OF ENGINEERING. 662 00:33:44,256 --> 00:33:45,922 [ LAUGHS ] 663 00:33:49,161 --> 00:33:51,228 WE WERE GOING ABOUT 320 OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT WHEN HE LIT IT, 664 00:33:51,230 --> 00:33:53,897 AND YOU CAN REALLY FEEL THE KICK. 665 00:33:53,899 --> 00:33:55,999 JUST, ALL OF A SUDDEN, YOU'VE GOT A WHOLE BUNCH 666 00:33:56,001 --> 00:33:57,734 OF ADDITIONAL THRUST, 667 00:33:57,736 --> 00:33:59,603 AND IT JUST KNOCKS YOU ON THE REAR END. 668 00:33:59,605 --> 00:34:00,704 IT WAS FUN. 669 00:34:00,706 --> 00:34:02,005 DOES REALLY KICK. 670 00:34:02,007 --> 00:34:03,740 UNBELIEVABLE. 671 00:34:05,978 --> 00:34:08,612 [ TICKING ] 672 00:34:11,617 --> 00:34:14,384 Narrator: WHITTLE'S AFTERBURNER CONCEPT CHANGED THE GAME 673 00:34:14,386 --> 00:34:18,221 FOR FORD CLASS' JETS. 674 00:34:18,223 --> 00:34:20,590 Stoecklein: THE ABILITY OF THE AIRCRAFT TO HAVE THIS AFTERBURNER OPTION 675 00:34:20,592 --> 00:34:22,125 INCREASES OUR FLEXIBILITY 676 00:34:22,127 --> 00:34:25,195 AND ALLOWS US TO GO UP IN WEIGHT WITH THAT EXTRA BOOST OF ENERGY 677 00:34:25,197 --> 00:34:26,997 THAT WILL ALLOW US TO REACH THAT MINIMUM AIR SPEED 678 00:34:26,999 --> 00:34:29,499 SO WE CAN CARRY MORE ORDINANCE, MORE FUEL, 679 00:34:29,501 --> 00:34:31,802 ANYTHING THAT WE NEED TO COMPLETE OUR MISSION. 680 00:34:31,804 --> 00:34:37,307 ♪ 681 00:34:37,309 --> 00:34:39,443 Narrator: LAUNCHING OVER 200 JETS A DAY 682 00:34:39,445 --> 00:34:41,778 IS AN INCREDIBLE FEAT OF ENGINEERING, 683 00:34:41,780 --> 00:34:44,881 BUT IT'S ONLY HALF THE STORY. 684 00:34:44,883 --> 00:34:47,417 BRINGING THEM HOME IS EVEN HARDER. 685 00:34:49,455 --> 00:34:51,154 Sava: LANDING AN AIRCRAFT IS DEFINITELY 686 00:34:51,156 --> 00:34:53,356 ONE OF THE MOST DANGEROUS ACTIVITIES 687 00:34:53,358 --> 00:34:56,259 THAT YOU DO ON THE FLIGHT DECK. 688 00:34:56,261 --> 00:34:58,028 Narrator: SOMEHOW, THE JETS HAVE TO STOP 689 00:34:58,030 --> 00:35:00,864 IN JUST 1/7 OF A NORMAL RUNWAY'S LENGTH 690 00:35:00,866 --> 00:35:04,034 OR THEY'LL END UP IN THE WATER. 691 00:35:04,036 --> 00:35:07,270 CAN A BOLD PIONEER FROM THE PAST PROVIDE A SOLUTION 692 00:35:07,272 --> 00:35:10,140 TO THIS SEEMINGLY IMPOSSIBLE CHALLENGE? 693 00:35:13,011 --> 00:35:16,279 [ TICKING ] 694 00:35:16,281 --> 00:35:21,351 ♪ 695 00:35:21,353 --> 00:35:22,819 IT MAY BE HARD TO BELIEVE, 696 00:35:22,821 --> 00:35:25,622 BUT THIS BEAUTIFUL BIPLANE COULD HOLD THE KEY 697 00:35:25,624 --> 00:35:27,924 TO LANDING ON THE FORD-CLASS CARRIERS. 698 00:35:27,926 --> 00:35:31,361 [ PROPELLER HUMS ] 699 00:35:31,363 --> 00:35:35,065 ENGINEER DAN DICKRELL IS IN VIRGINIA, DISCOVERING HOW. 700 00:35:38,504 --> 00:35:41,404 SO, THAT MOTORLESS AIRPLANE THAT JUST TOOK OFF 701 00:35:41,406 --> 00:35:43,273 IS THE ELY CURTISS PUSHER. 702 00:35:43,275 --> 00:35:46,443 EVEN THOUGH THAT'S A REPLICA, IT WAS BUILT IN 1910, 703 00:35:46,445 --> 00:35:50,380 AND IT FIRST FLEW IN 1911. 704 00:35:50,382 --> 00:35:52,282 Narrator: THE CURTISS PUSHER IS UNIQUE 705 00:35:52,284 --> 00:35:55,952 BECAUSE IT WAS THE FIRST PLANE TO TAKE OFF FROM A WARSHIP, 706 00:35:55,954 --> 00:35:59,556 BUT AMERICAN EUGENE ELY WASN'T SATISFIED. 707 00:35:59,558 --> 00:36:02,592 HE ALSO WANTED TO LAND HIS PLANE ON A SHIP. 708 00:36:04,696 --> 00:36:10,300 HOWEVER, HE ONLY HAD 120 FEET TO WORK WITH, 709 00:36:10,302 --> 00:36:15,238 A PROBLEM DEMONSTRATED AS TODAY'S FLIGHT DRAWS TO A CLOSE. 710 00:36:15,240 --> 00:36:16,606 Dickrell: WHEN THE BIPLANE LANDED, 711 00:36:16,608 --> 00:36:18,608 IT FIRST TOUCHED DOWN RIGHT ABOUT HERE, 712 00:36:18,610 --> 00:36:20,110 AND IT COASTED TO A STOP. 713 00:36:20,112 --> 00:36:22,112 I'M GONNA PACE IT OFF AND SEE HOW FAR IT TOOK 714 00:36:22,114 --> 00:36:24,147 TO COME TO A COMPLETE STOP. 715 00:36:25,317 --> 00:36:27,884 Narrator: IF THIS PLANE WAS LANDING ON ELY'S SHIP, 716 00:36:27,886 --> 00:36:33,857 ANYTHING OVER 120 FEET WOULD'VE ENDED IN DISASTER. 717 00:36:33,859 --> 00:36:35,625 ALL RIGHT, HERE. HEY, BOOM, HOW'S IT GOING? 718 00:36:35,627 --> 00:36:37,360 -HOW YOU DOING? -TERRIFIC. HOW MUCH WAS IT? 719 00:36:37,362 --> 00:36:39,596 IT WAS 275 FEET. 720 00:36:39,598 --> 00:36:41,064 UGH. IT WOULD'VE SMACKED PROBABLY 721 00:36:41,066 --> 00:36:43,567 RIGHT INTO THE SUPERSTRUCTURE OF THE SHIP IN THAT CASE, 722 00:36:43,569 --> 00:36:46,102 OR OVER THE SIDE IF THERE WASN'T A SUPERSTRUCTURE. 723 00:36:48,740 --> 00:36:51,942 Narrator: BUT ELY HAD THE HELP OF ENGINEER HUGH ROBINSON, 724 00:36:51,944 --> 00:36:54,511 WHO CAME UP WITH AN IDEA TO BRING HIS AIRCRAFT 725 00:36:54,513 --> 00:36:56,112 SAFELY TO A HALT. 726 00:36:56,114 --> 00:37:00,483 IT'S A SOLUTION THAT COULD HELP THE FORD CLASS. 727 00:37:00,485 --> 00:37:02,586 ROBINSON CAME UP WITH ARRESTING GEAR. 728 00:37:02,588 --> 00:37:04,054 THIS WAS A SYSTEM THAT WAS DESIGNED 729 00:37:04,056 --> 00:37:05,755 TO BRING THE PLANE TO A STOP. 730 00:37:05,757 --> 00:37:09,492 IT WAS A LITTLE MORE THAN ROPE AND SANDBAGS. 731 00:37:09,494 --> 00:37:12,162 Narrator: ROBINSON TIED THE ROPE BETWEEN THE SANDBAGS 732 00:37:12,164 --> 00:37:14,064 ACROSS THE SHIP'S DECK. 733 00:37:14,066 --> 00:37:17,000 THE PLAN WAS TO TRANSFER THE LANDING PLANE'S MOMENTUM 734 00:37:17,002 --> 00:37:19,936 INTO THE HEAVY BAGS BY ADDING A TAILHOOK 735 00:37:19,938 --> 00:37:23,039 THAT WOULD SNAG THE ROPE AS THE PLANE PASSED OVER IT. 736 00:37:26,678 --> 00:37:29,913 AND IN 1911, THIS SIMPLE SOLUTION BROUGHT 737 00:37:29,915 --> 00:37:33,750 ELY'S PLANE SAFELY TO A STANDSTILL IN JUST 30 FEET 738 00:37:33,752 --> 00:37:35,885 ON BOARD THE CONVERTED WARSHIP. 739 00:37:38,323 --> 00:37:40,690 THAT PARTICULAR INNOVATION WAS THE EXAMPLE 740 00:37:40,692 --> 00:37:44,194 THAT LANDING AIRCRAFT ON SHIPS WAS POSSIBLE. 741 00:37:44,196 --> 00:37:46,529 IT REALLY PAVED THE WAY FOR WHAT WE SEE TODAY. 742 00:37:49,935 --> 00:37:52,669 [ TICKING ] 743 00:37:53,639 --> 00:37:58,675 ♪ 744 00:37:58,677 --> 00:38:00,677 Narrator: NOW THE FORD CLASS' ENGINEERS 745 00:38:00,679 --> 00:38:03,980 ARE ADAPTING ROBINSON'S INGENIOUS CONCEPT. 746 00:38:06,018 --> 00:38:10,887 BUT AT 65 TIMES HEAVIER AND 4 TIMES FASTER, 747 00:38:10,889 --> 00:38:14,457 THEIR JETS WILL REQUIRE MORE THAN ROPE AND SANDBAGS. 748 00:38:14,459 --> 00:38:19,562 ♪ 749 00:38:19,564 --> 00:38:22,766 THE TEAM BEHIND THE FORD CLASS WILL HAVE TO SUPERSIZE 750 00:38:22,768 --> 00:38:25,535 THE INNOVATIVE CONCEPT OF ARRESTING GEAR 751 00:38:25,537 --> 00:38:27,637 TO BRING THE CARRIER'S NAVY AIRCRAFT 752 00:38:27,639 --> 00:38:33,677 SAFELY BACK DOWN TO EARTH. 753 00:38:42,020 --> 00:38:47,390 ♪ 754 00:38:47,392 --> 00:38:49,592 Narrator: WITH LITTLE DECK SPACE TO LAND ON, 755 00:38:49,594 --> 00:38:53,229 THE ENGINEERS DESIGNING THE FORD-CLASS AIRCRAFT CARRIER 756 00:38:53,231 --> 00:38:57,167 NEEDED A WAY TO STOP DESCENDING AIRCRAFT IN THEIR TRACKS. 757 00:38:59,938 --> 00:39:02,372 THE SOLUTION IS A CUTTING-EDGE SYSTEM 758 00:39:02,374 --> 00:39:06,509 KNOWN AS ADVANCED ARRESTING GEAR. 759 00:39:06,511 --> 00:39:09,179 Sava: THE CURRENT ADVANCED-ARRESTING-GEAR SYSTEM 760 00:39:09,181 --> 00:39:13,717 ON THE FORD CAN ARREST AIRCRAFT UP TO 50,000 POUNDS. 761 00:39:13,719 --> 00:39:17,420 IN ORDER TO DO THIS, IT HAS TO HAVE PRECISE CONTROLS 762 00:39:17,422 --> 00:39:20,323 SO THAT YOU DON'T OVERSTRESS THE AIRCRAFT. 763 00:39:20,325 --> 00:39:22,092 AS THE AIRCRAFT APPROACHES, 764 00:39:22,094 --> 00:39:26,329 IT PICKS UP THE PENDANT OFF THE DECK. 765 00:39:26,331 --> 00:39:31,701 THE CABLE TENSION THEN GOES THROUGH A CABLE SHOCK ABSORBER. 766 00:39:31,703 --> 00:39:36,339 THE SHOCK ABSORBER TAKES OUT THE WAVE IN THE CABLE. 767 00:39:36,341 --> 00:39:39,109 IT'S KIND OF LIKE CAR SHOCKS. 768 00:39:39,111 --> 00:39:44,180 THEN THE BRAKING POWER IS PROVIDED BY A WATER TWISTER. 769 00:39:48,019 --> 00:39:49,919 Narrator: SITUATED BELOW DECK, 770 00:39:49,921 --> 00:39:53,823 THE WATER TWISTER IS A PADDLE WHEEL SUBMERGED IN FLUID. 771 00:39:53,825 --> 00:39:56,526 ITS ROTATION PROVIDES FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE, 772 00:39:56,528 --> 00:40:01,698 ABSORBING AROUND 2/3 OF THE LANDING'S ENERGY. 773 00:40:01,700 --> 00:40:07,203 Sava: THE REMAINDER OF THE ARRESTMENT IS CONTROLLED PRECISELY 774 00:40:07,205 --> 00:40:11,508 BY A MOTOR GENERATOR THAT TAKES THAT KINETIC ENERGY 775 00:40:11,510 --> 00:40:14,310 AND TURNS IT INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY 776 00:40:14,312 --> 00:40:21,484 THAT IS THEN STORED FOR LATER USES ON AAG. 777 00:40:21,486 --> 00:40:25,422 Narrator: THE ADVANCED ARRESTING GEAR IS ALSO INCREDIBLY ADAPTABLE. 778 00:40:25,424 --> 00:40:29,259 DURING A TWO-SECOND LANDING, COMPUTER CONTROLS CONTINUALLY 779 00:40:29,261 --> 00:40:32,629 ADJUST THE GEAR ACCORDING TO THE AIRCRAFT'S WEIGHT. 780 00:40:32,631 --> 00:40:35,732 IN OTHER WORDS, I CAN ARREST LIGHTER AIRCRAFT 781 00:40:35,734 --> 00:40:38,635 THAN I WOULD'VE BEEN ABLE TO WITH MY OLD SYSTEM 782 00:40:38,637 --> 00:40:40,336 OR HEAVIER AIRCRAFT 783 00:40:40,338 --> 00:40:45,008 BECAUSE I HAVE THE ABILITY TO ACTIVELY CONTROL THE ARRESTMENT. 784 00:40:45,010 --> 00:40:50,447 THIS SYSTEM ALSO ACTIVELY COMPENSATES FOR THE AIRCRAFT 785 00:40:50,449 --> 00:40:54,551 BEING POTENTIALLY OFF-CENTER OR OFF-TARGET, 786 00:40:54,553 --> 00:40:59,289 AND IT IS ABLE TO CONTROL THE PAYOUT OF CABLE 787 00:40:59,291 --> 00:41:03,193 IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF STRESS ON THE AIRCRAFT 788 00:41:03,195 --> 00:41:05,762 AND LAND IT SAFELY. 789 00:41:05,764 --> 00:41:08,798 Narrator: BRILLIANT ENGINEERING IS TAKING ANOTHER OF HISTORY'S 790 00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:12,402 INSPIRED INNOVATIONS INTO THE 21st CENTURY. 791 00:41:12,404 --> 00:41:20,477 ♪ 792 00:41:20,479 --> 00:41:24,314 FOR THOSE WHO SERVE ON BOARD, THE FORD CLASS IS UNDOUBTEDLY 793 00:41:24,316 --> 00:41:27,917 TAKING AIRCRAFT-CARRIER DESIGN TO NEW HEIGHTS. 794 00:41:32,757 --> 00:41:35,792 Stoecklein: THE FACT THAT A 17-DECK, 4.5-ACRE, 795 00:41:35,794 --> 00:41:37,927 100,000-TON IN-WEIGHT SHIP 796 00:41:37,929 --> 00:41:42,198 CAN BE IN SERVICE FOR 50 YEARS IS JUST AN INCREDIBLE THOUGHT. 797 00:41:42,200 --> 00:41:43,933 Narrator: THROUGH THE EXTRAORDINARY EFFORTS 798 00:41:43,935 --> 00:41:46,169 OF ITS DESIGNERS AND CREW, 799 00:41:46,171 --> 00:41:50,907 THIS AMBITIOUS CLASS IS CHANGING THE FACE OF MARINE ENGINEERING. 800 00:41:50,909 --> 00:41:53,476 Hummel: FOR ME, IT'S A TREMENDOUS HONOR TO BE PART OF THE TEAM 801 00:41:53,478 --> 00:41:58,014 COMING TOGETHER TO PUT TOGETHER THIS GREAT NAVY SHIP. 802 00:41:58,016 --> 00:42:01,684 Narrator: BY BUILDING ON THE WORK OF THE PIONEERS OF THE PAST, 803 00:42:01,686 --> 00:42:06,756 UPSCALING, AND MAKING THEIR OWN DISCOVERIES, 804 00:42:06,758 --> 00:42:08,791 THE ENGINEERS ARE SUCCEEDING 805 00:42:08,793 --> 00:42:12,695 IN MAKING THE IMPOSSIBLE POSSIBLE. 806 00:42:12,697 --> 00:42:14,497 WHERE WE GO FROM HERE -- REALLY, THE SKY'S THE LIMIT, 807 00:42:14,499 --> 00:42:16,432 Stoecklein: AND I THINK USS GERALD R. FORD SHOWS 808 00:42:16,434 --> 00:42:19,502 THAT IMPOSSIBLE ENGINEERING IS NOT SO IMPOSSIBLE. 71531

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