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Ambition? Well,
I want to do something that's
going to be lastingly useful...
4
00:00:39,373 --> 00:00:43,411
and leave some sort
of mark behind me,
not just a blank space.
5
00:00:43,444 --> 00:00:47,615
I think my ambition in life
is to be famous,
but I'm not quite sure.
6
00:01:05,299 --> 00:01:07,468
I've never experienced
another generation,
7
00:01:07,501 --> 00:01:10,171
but I do feel we'll
have something to say.
8
00:01:10,204 --> 00:01:13,241
We'll make a gigantic splash
in the world to come.
9
00:01:13,274 --> 00:01:15,409
There's always
a change going on.
10
00:01:15,443 --> 00:01:17,345
You never know
what's gonna happen next.
11
00:01:17,378 --> 00:01:19,647
You never know what
new clothes you're gonna have.
12
00:01:19,680 --> 00:01:21,849
You never know
what the new records
are gonna be.
13
00:01:21,882 --> 00:01:24,252
My stack of records
keeps getting larger.
14
00:01:39,267 --> 00:01:42,136
You know how parents are.
They always bug you--
where you're going,
15
00:01:42,170 --> 00:01:43,804
when you're getting home,
who you went with,
16
00:01:43,837 --> 00:01:46,674
what time you're gonna be back,
don't stay on the phone
too long.
17
00:01:46,707 --> 00:01:49,343
Then you get your own car,
and you're free a little bit.
18
00:01:49,377 --> 00:01:51,412
But they're still
holding on the rope.
19
00:02:27,415 --> 00:02:30,384
We're teenagers.
20
00:02:31,452 --> 00:02:33,687
But we didn't always exist.
21
00:02:35,489 --> 00:02:37,658
We were a wartime invention.
22
00:02:41,262 --> 00:02:43,297
Who would we become?
23
00:02:44,332 --> 00:02:46,734
Who would decide it?
24
00:02:46,767 --> 00:02:48,402
The adults?
25
00:02:51,439 --> 00:02:52,773
Or us?
26
00:03:30,511 --> 00:03:33,347
First we were just children.
27
00:03:34,815 --> 00:03:36,717
That's how they thought of us.
28
00:03:38,786 --> 00:03:42,623
And then all of a sudden
we were supposed to be adults.
29
00:03:47,595 --> 00:03:51,365
Twelve years old,
and I'd be off to work
in the factory.
30
00:03:54,502 --> 00:03:56,504
I worked 74 hours a week.
31
00:03:58,038 --> 00:04:01,342
6:00 in the morning
till 5:30 at night.
32
00:04:01,375 --> 00:04:03,411
Saturdays till noon.
33
00:04:05,479 --> 00:04:07,681
My hands were bruised and cut.
34
00:04:10,050 --> 00:04:12,353
I felt like a slave.
35
00:04:20,528 --> 00:04:23,431
Children have always worked,
36
00:04:23,464 --> 00:04:26,534
but it is only since
the reign of the machine...
37
00:04:26,567 --> 00:04:30,538
that their work has been
synonymous with slavery.
38
00:04:32,406 --> 00:04:35,609
There is no more
terrible page in history...
39
00:04:35,643 --> 00:04:39,079
than that which records
the enslavement
of mere babies...
40
00:04:39,112 --> 00:04:41,849
by the industrial revolution.
41
00:04:44,985 --> 00:04:47,688
Adults knew it wasn't right.
42
00:04:50,358 --> 00:04:52,660
They wanted to protect us.
43
00:04:54,662 --> 00:04:57,898
So governments started
to make child labor
against the law.
44
00:05:03,837 --> 00:05:05,739
I started going to school.
45
00:05:08,108 --> 00:05:10,878
I loved having fun
with my friends.
46
00:05:12,846 --> 00:05:14,615
We were young,
47
00:05:15,449 --> 00:05:17,685
and we were allowed to be.
48
00:05:19,787 --> 00:05:22,723
There was a second stage
of life now.
49
00:05:25,726 --> 00:05:27,795
"Adolescence."
50
00:05:36,904 --> 00:05:39,740
In the factory
we were prisoners,
51
00:05:40,608 --> 00:05:42,976
but in the streets...
52
00:05:43,010 --> 00:05:44,812
we were free.
53
00:05:49,417 --> 00:05:51,619
The cities
were fast and hard.
54
00:05:52,953 --> 00:05:54,588
So were we.
55
00:05:57,157 --> 00:05:59,927
We formed gangs
that roamed the streets.
56
00:06:01,695 --> 00:06:04,364
"Hooligans"
is what the police called us.
57
00:06:05,165 --> 00:06:07,568
We carried knives.
58
00:06:07,601 --> 00:06:10,504
We robbed...
and killed.
59
00:06:12,640 --> 00:06:15,142
Youth were a problem...
60
00:06:15,175 --> 00:06:17,445
that had to be controlled.
61
00:06:18,579 --> 00:06:21,148
My brother Scouts,
62
00:06:21,181 --> 00:06:25,953
you are doing much
to prevent the present
disgraceful waste...
63
00:06:25,986 --> 00:06:27,755
of human materials...
64
00:06:27,788 --> 00:06:30,090
and showing
your poorer brothers...
65
00:06:30,123 --> 00:06:32,893
how to be good,
successful men.
66
00:06:35,162 --> 00:06:37,998
One man thought
he'd found a solution...
67
00:06:38,031 --> 00:06:40,534
to the problem of youth.
68
00:06:41,802 --> 00:06:43,904
A soldier called
Robert Baden-Powell...
69
00:06:43,937 --> 00:06:46,874
wrote a military
training manual for the young.
70
00:06:47,808 --> 00:06:50,444
Scouting for Boys
it was called.
71
00:06:51,211 --> 00:06:53,681
It was a manifesto
for a movement--
72
00:06:54,548 --> 00:06:56,650
the Boy Scouts.
73
00:06:56,684 --> 00:06:58,819
You are tested
on your honor...
74
00:06:58,852 --> 00:07:03,090
to do your best to carry out
the Scout Promise,
75
00:07:03,123 --> 00:07:06,527
which is to work
for God and the king.
76
00:07:07,961 --> 00:07:11,565
Tracking and camping
had always been
a fantasy for me.
77
00:07:12,666 --> 00:07:15,235
I'd yearned
for an awfully big adventure,
78
00:07:15,268 --> 00:07:17,437
and here it was.
79
00:07:19,707 --> 00:07:22,676
The Scouts came to America too.
80
00:07:22,710 --> 00:07:26,680
Hundreds of thousands
of boys joined.
81
00:07:26,714 --> 00:07:28,516
They learned patriotism,
82
00:07:28,549 --> 00:07:31,985
courage and self-reliance.
83
00:07:32,019 --> 00:07:36,690
Once a Scout, always a Scout.
84
00:07:36,724 --> 00:07:40,227
I believed
what Baden-Powell said--
85
00:07:40,260 --> 00:07:42,530
"The Scout
is loyal to the king,
86
00:07:42,563 --> 00:07:46,534
to his officers,
his parents and country.
87
00:07:46,567 --> 00:07:48,936
He must stick to them
through thick and thin."
88
00:07:51,271 --> 00:07:53,240
We went from
rat-faced slum kids...
89
00:07:53,273 --> 00:07:56,043
to fit and healthy soldiers,
90
00:07:57,177 --> 00:07:59,046
primed for war.
91
00:08:06,920 --> 00:08:12,993
Today, England is off to war.
92
00:08:13,026 --> 00:08:17,931
Meet the fall
with the cry of liberty.
93
00:08:19,767 --> 00:08:21,869
If you didn't join up,
94
00:08:21,902 --> 00:08:24,037
you were letting
everybody down.
95
00:08:25,673 --> 00:08:27,641
They made sure you knew it.
96
00:08:42,322 --> 00:08:47,094
In Germany, the news of war
was intoxicating.
97
00:08:47,127 --> 00:08:49,262
**
98
00:08:49,296 --> 00:08:52,566
There were bands playing,
flags flying.
99
00:08:54,602 --> 00:08:57,270
What drove us was
a feeling of adulthood...
100
00:08:57,304 --> 00:08:59,573
burning up inside.
101
00:09:00,674 --> 00:09:04,845
Half the population
was under the age of 22.
102
00:09:04,878 --> 00:09:08,148
Almost all the boys applied
for military service.
103
00:09:09,683 --> 00:09:11,284
13- or 14-year-olds...
104
00:09:11,318 --> 00:09:15,022
were crushed
if they were rejected
by the recruiting officers.
105
00:09:22,930 --> 00:09:25,565
Europe tore itself apart.
106
00:09:27,400 --> 00:09:29,770
And then the Americans came.
107
00:09:29,803 --> 00:09:32,039
More than two million soldiers,
108
00:09:32,072 --> 00:09:34,975
fully equipped
and indomitable in spirit,
109
00:09:35,008 --> 00:09:39,947
were safely transported
across 3,000 miles of seas,
110
00:09:39,980 --> 00:09:42,249
where they turned
the tide of battle,
111
00:09:42,282 --> 00:09:44,351
one imperishable glory...
112
00:09:44,384 --> 00:09:50,190
and triumph to the greatest war
that the world has ever known.
113
00:09:50,223 --> 00:09:53,861
They brought new music,
dances and films.
114
00:09:54,995 --> 00:09:59,232
American culture
started to spread.
115
00:09:59,266 --> 00:10:02,102
Our boys made good in France.
116
00:10:02,135 --> 00:10:05,873
The word "American"
has a new meaning in Europe.
117
00:10:33,767 --> 00:10:35,969
When my brother died
in the war,
118
00:10:37,470 --> 00:10:42,810
they sent us a frame
that said
"Died on the field of honor."
119
00:10:43,977 --> 00:10:46,680
There is no field of honor.
120
00:10:48,015 --> 00:10:50,918
An entire generation
was gutted.
121
00:10:51,885 --> 00:10:55,022
We lost all loyalty and trust.
122
00:10:58,826 --> 00:11:01,161
We were shell-shocked.
123
00:11:02,863 --> 00:11:05,933
The pound of the guns
drove us mad.
124
00:11:07,835 --> 00:11:10,804
Millions of young men
were massacred.
125
00:11:13,774 --> 00:11:16,844
The old had sent us to die,
126
00:11:16,877 --> 00:11:18,946
and we hated them.
127
00:11:54,281 --> 00:11:59,286
After the war,
everyone wanted to be born anew,
128
00:11:59,319 --> 00:12:01,188
to blot out the past.
129
00:12:03,490 --> 00:12:06,159
There was this reckless
sense of release,
130
00:12:08,061 --> 00:12:11,899
and I felt a kind of
wildness inside.
131
00:12:11,932 --> 00:12:13,867
What do they want?
132
00:12:13,901 --> 00:12:16,336
They say, "We want beer."
133
00:12:16,369 --> 00:12:20,841
Spending their money,
debauching their character,
134
00:12:20,874 --> 00:12:23,110
rotting their bodies...
135
00:12:23,143 --> 00:12:25,245
and jeopardizing
their immortal souls.
136
00:12:30,017 --> 00:12:33,987
My father says
I can't go out every night.
137
00:12:34,021 --> 00:12:36,857
But what on earth
does he want me to do?
138
00:12:36,890 --> 00:12:39,259
Just sit around
at home all evening?
139
00:12:41,028 --> 00:12:43,864
I don't trust
my parents anymore.
140
00:12:43,897 --> 00:12:45,899
I just want to be
with my friends.
141
00:12:48,368 --> 00:12:51,171
Our world is speedy,
142
00:12:51,204 --> 00:12:53,340
and they're old.
143
00:12:58,545 --> 00:13:01,481
The power of today
is in our hands.
144
00:13:01,514 --> 00:13:06,519
We who number ourselves
among the so-called
wild and wicked youth...
145
00:13:06,553 --> 00:13:11,058
would prefer to go out
with drums beating
and bugles blowing.
146
00:13:12,559 --> 00:13:15,095
We want to be young
before we're old.
147
00:13:15,128 --> 00:13:19,532
They call us flappers,
flaming youth.
148
00:13:19,566 --> 00:13:25,405
The times have made us
awfully experienced
for our age.
149
00:13:28,075 --> 00:13:30,610
I got all the new jazz records.
150
00:13:30,643 --> 00:13:34,581
My mum thought
it was awful noise.
151
00:13:34,614 --> 00:13:37,050
She asked me why it was good,
and I said,
152
00:13:37,084 --> 00:13:39,286
"Because it comes from America."
153
00:13:42,555 --> 00:13:44,357
You'd hear people say,
154
00:13:44,391 --> 00:13:48,228
"Those who get the youth
get the future."
155
00:13:49,930 --> 00:13:52,599
Our parents
had ruined Germany,
156
00:13:52,632 --> 00:13:55,402
and we wanted
a new kind of community.
157
00:13:58,105 --> 00:14:01,341
So we joined youth groups.
158
00:14:01,374 --> 00:14:04,945
There had been youth movements
even before the war.
159
00:14:04,978 --> 00:14:07,447
Workers' youth groups,
Jewish youth groups,
160
00:14:10,017 --> 00:14:13,887
but the most important group
was the Wandervogel--
161
00:14:13,921 --> 00:14:16,256
"Wandering Birds."
162
00:14:18,491 --> 00:14:22,495
Our teachers and our parents
didn't understand us.
163
00:14:22,529 --> 00:14:25,265
So we created our own world.
164
00:14:26,399 --> 00:14:29,036
Youth were leading youth.
165
00:14:31,038 --> 00:14:33,106
We'd run through forests,
166
00:14:33,140 --> 00:14:36,009
lay together at bonfires,
167
00:14:36,043 --> 00:14:38,278
make flower wreaths
and photos,
168
00:14:38,311 --> 00:14:40,981
sing and dance.
169
00:14:41,014 --> 00:14:43,683
Then drop off our clothes...
170
00:14:43,716 --> 00:14:46,186
and feel free.
171
00:14:52,192 --> 00:14:54,494
To be young was the style.
172
00:14:56,329 --> 00:14:58,531
And it was for sale.
173
00:14:58,565 --> 00:15:00,500
Records,
174
00:15:00,533 --> 00:15:03,403
cigarettes, perfume.
175
00:15:03,436 --> 00:15:07,407
And all those glamorous
Hollywood stars to admire.
176
00:15:07,440 --> 00:15:09,709
I wanted to be like Valentino.
177
00:15:09,742 --> 00:15:11,678
He always got the girls.
178
00:15:11,711 --> 00:15:17,084
When he died, we rushed
the funeral by the thousands.
179
00:15:17,117 --> 00:15:19,419
They called it a riot.
180
00:15:22,089 --> 00:15:24,992
I wish I could have been there.
181
00:15:34,467 --> 00:15:38,071
**
182
00:16:00,460 --> 00:16:03,196
In Britain
there was a new breed,
183
00:16:03,230 --> 00:16:06,233
and we defined ourselves
by our youth.
184
00:16:09,302 --> 00:16:12,439
They called us
the Bright Young People.
185
00:16:14,241 --> 00:16:18,078
It started with a few girls
who liked dressing up,
186
00:16:18,111 --> 00:16:20,247
doing hoaxes
and treasure hunts,
187
00:16:20,280 --> 00:16:22,449
making a fool of everyone.
188
00:16:23,316 --> 00:16:25,352
We took it all very seriously.
189
00:16:28,121 --> 00:16:30,257
Except when we didn't.
190
00:16:35,395 --> 00:16:39,166
The police were trying
to shut down
all of London's nightlife.
191
00:16:42,235 --> 00:16:44,404
So we created our own.
192
00:17:33,553 --> 00:17:37,056
There was this one girl
who shined especially bright.
193
00:17:40,127 --> 00:17:42,129
Her name was Brenda Dean Paul.
194
00:17:52,439 --> 00:17:55,575
Brenda hit the scene in 1926.
195
00:17:56,643 --> 00:17:58,545
She was 19.
196
00:18:04,751 --> 00:18:07,320
She came from a broken home.
197
00:18:08,621 --> 00:18:10,590
Longed to be famous.
198
00:18:14,927 --> 00:18:16,863
She played many parts,
but...
199
00:18:16,896 --> 00:18:22,669
the most convincing
was her role as life and soul
of the party.
200
00:18:26,906 --> 00:18:28,475
Pajama parties,
201
00:18:28,508 --> 00:18:31,244
Greek parties,
Russian parties,
202
00:18:31,278 --> 00:18:33,213
sailor parties,
American parties,
203
00:18:33,246 --> 00:18:36,683
murder parties,
baby parties.
204
00:18:41,221 --> 00:18:44,123
We called them
"freak" parties.
205
00:18:45,392 --> 00:18:48,528
And it didn't take long
for them to become big affairs.
206
00:19:00,673 --> 00:19:04,611
Girls were like boys,
and the boys like girls.
207
00:19:06,279 --> 00:19:08,581
Sometimes you couldn't even
tell us apart.
208
00:19:09,749 --> 00:19:11,651
We liked it that way.
209
00:19:13,953 --> 00:19:17,524
A couple of gossip columnists
wrote it all up in the papers.
210
00:19:18,358 --> 00:19:20,293
They made it into...
211
00:19:21,861 --> 00:19:24,163
a "movement."
212
00:19:35,542 --> 00:19:37,377
But for Brenda--
213
00:19:37,410 --> 00:19:41,214
once she started
she couldn't stop.
214
00:19:42,649 --> 00:19:45,652
She crashed her car,
and then she fell ill.
215
00:19:46,986 --> 00:19:49,322
Perhaps it was
all the late nights.
216
00:19:50,022 --> 00:19:52,225
Or perhaps
it was the abortion.
217
00:19:54,494 --> 00:19:56,496
Somebody gave her morphine,
218
00:19:56,529 --> 00:20:01,334
and Brenda became London's
first and most notorious junkie.
219
00:20:04,871 --> 00:20:08,508
Scandal, drug busts, prison.
220
00:20:09,342 --> 00:20:11,978
Brenda became famous,
221
00:20:12,011 --> 00:20:14,514
but not in the way
she had wanted.
222
00:20:18,585 --> 00:20:22,589
Did she really think
she could stay young forever?
223
00:20:22,622 --> 00:20:25,492
Yes. Probably
in that moment we all did.
224
00:20:27,494 --> 00:20:30,530
We were just too tired
to break away.
225
00:20:31,498 --> 00:20:34,033
Eventually Brenda crashed,
226
00:20:34,066 --> 00:20:37,370
but by then nobody could
really remember or care.
227
00:20:37,904 --> 00:20:39,839
We were all crashing,
228
00:20:41,007 --> 00:20:43,710
and then
the whole world did too.
229
00:21:17,477 --> 00:21:19,646
Adults were in a panic.
230
00:21:21,414 --> 00:21:25,385
But we were the ones
who would inherit this mess.
231
00:21:25,418 --> 00:21:28,755
Today the largest single group
of the nation's unemployed...
232
00:21:28,788 --> 00:21:32,492
are young men and women
between the ages of 16 and 24.
233
00:21:32,525 --> 00:21:34,794
Boys like 18-year-old
Warren Harper,
234
00:21:34,827 --> 00:21:38,030
hardest hit of a generation
which has grown up
in depression.
235
00:21:38,064 --> 00:21:41,801
Warren himself never has had
a steady job in all his life,
236
00:21:41,834 --> 00:21:43,770
never has owned an overcoat.
237
00:21:43,803 --> 00:21:46,806
When he goes out
looking for work,
he wears borrowed clothing.
238
00:21:46,839 --> 00:21:48,908
He gets up late
and spends most of his time...
239
00:21:48,941 --> 00:21:51,811
hanging around
talking with other boys
who are out of work...
240
00:21:51,844 --> 00:21:55,748
and wondering
what's wrong when a fella
wants to work and can't.
241
00:22:03,490 --> 00:22:05,958
You couldn't even work.
242
00:22:05,992 --> 00:22:08,961
I was fired at 16.
243
00:22:08,995 --> 00:22:13,366
The governor wanted
to take on an errand boy
who'd do my job cheaper.
244
00:22:15,535 --> 00:22:17,437
Nothing to do with my time.
245
00:22:17,470 --> 00:22:19,406
Nothing to spend.
246
00:22:20,473 --> 00:22:22,609
Nothing to do tomorrow,
nor the day after.
247
00:22:23,576 --> 00:22:26,379
I was a living corpse.
248
00:22:30,417 --> 00:22:32,819
Not only old people had grief,
249
00:22:34,587 --> 00:22:36,623
but young ones too.
250
00:22:38,591 --> 00:22:41,628
Our future looked bleak.
251
00:22:46,733 --> 00:22:48,968
Some parents
were suffering so bad...
252
00:22:49,001 --> 00:22:50,937
they couldn't look after
their children anymore.
253
00:22:54,641 --> 00:22:56,643
Those kids hit the road.
254
00:22:58,911 --> 00:23:01,714
They were the children's army.
255
00:23:01,748 --> 00:23:03,416
Hoboes,
256
00:23:03,450 --> 00:23:05,752
boxcar riders,
257
00:23:05,785 --> 00:23:07,620
young tramps.
258
00:23:11,157 --> 00:23:13,826
People thought
there was no hope for youth.
259
00:23:15,795 --> 00:23:18,798
But we were searching
for something to believe in.
260
00:23:19,766 --> 00:23:22,469
And we were willing
to fight for it.
261
00:23:25,805 --> 00:23:29,442
As fast as one mob is broken up,
another gathers.
262
00:23:30,777 --> 00:23:33,179
Politics was our problem too.
263
00:23:33,212 --> 00:23:36,048
We are not looking for charity.
We want an opportunity to work.
264
00:23:40,820 --> 00:23:43,856
There was talk of revolution.
265
00:23:43,890 --> 00:23:45,892
And they feared us.
266
00:23:49,829 --> 00:23:52,064
There were the Communists...
267
00:23:52,098 --> 00:23:54,867
and the Nazis,
268
00:23:54,901 --> 00:23:56,936
and we took up sides.
269
00:23:59,906 --> 00:24:03,643
People would come up to you
in the street and ask,
270
00:24:03,676 --> 00:24:05,578
"Who are you with?"
271
00:24:06,546 --> 00:24:08,581
If you gave them
the wrong answer,
272
00:24:08,615 --> 00:24:10,182
they would attack.
273
00:24:30,703 --> 00:24:33,072
Radical change was in the air.
274
00:24:33,105 --> 00:24:35,875
5,000 fascists rally
to their mobilization...
275
00:24:35,908 --> 00:24:37,944
for the much advertised march
through the East End.
276
00:24:37,977 --> 00:24:39,946
Communists jammed
the fascists' route,
277
00:24:39,979 --> 00:24:44,016
resisting the peaceful efforts
of the outnumbered police
to clear the way.
278
00:24:44,050 --> 00:24:47,887
I was there when the fascists
started marching down my street.
279
00:24:49,288 --> 00:24:51,891
I wasn't gonna let
my country go that way.
280
00:24:54,627 --> 00:24:56,896
We had to get involved.
281
00:24:57,964 --> 00:25:01,601
We weren't gonna be
another lost generation.
282
00:25:11,177 --> 00:25:15,915
Let us carry on the good
that the past has given us.
283
00:25:15,948 --> 00:25:19,719
The best of that good
is the spirit of America,
284
00:25:19,752 --> 00:25:23,623
and the spirit of America
is the spirit in which youth...
285
00:25:23,656 --> 00:25:28,127
can find the fulfillment
of its ideals.
286
00:25:28,160 --> 00:25:32,732
It is for the new generation
to participate
in the decision...
287
00:25:32,765 --> 00:25:35,334
and to give strength
and spirit...
288
00:25:35,367 --> 00:25:37,904
and continuity...
289
00:25:37,937 --> 00:25:42,875
to our government
and to our national life.
290
00:26:51,277 --> 00:26:56,115
Melita Maschmann was
a typical middle-class girl.
291
00:26:56,148 --> 00:27:00,753
Her parents complained about
the unemployment and poverty,
292
00:27:00,787 --> 00:27:02,889
but they didn't do a thing.
293
00:27:04,757 --> 00:27:06,893
Melita wanted action.
294
00:27:08,260 --> 00:27:10,663
So she joined the Hitler Youth.
295
00:27:14,233 --> 00:27:17,737
My mother expected me to be
unquestioning and obedient,
296
00:27:17,770 --> 00:27:19,739
like the maids.
297
00:27:20,439 --> 00:27:22,709
I rebelled.
298
00:27:22,742 --> 00:27:25,177
I wanted to be different--
299
00:27:26,713 --> 00:27:30,649
to escape from
my narrow childish life.
300
00:27:36,222 --> 00:27:39,091
I was a March Violet,
301
00:27:39,125 --> 00:27:43,229
one of the many youth who joined
after Hitler became chancellor.
302
00:27:54,073 --> 00:27:57,243
Every weekend we had tests
and competitions.
303
00:27:59,111 --> 00:28:03,415
Swimming, sports,
obstacle races.
304
00:28:03,449 --> 00:28:07,153
There were camping trips
and holidays too.
305
00:28:13,292 --> 00:28:16,262
I can only recall
this feeling of happiness--
306
00:28:18,865 --> 00:28:22,501
to be allowed
to belong to a community...
307
00:28:22,534 --> 00:28:26,038
which embraced
the whole youth of the nation.
308
00:28:39,251 --> 00:28:41,988
Millions of us joined
the Hitler Youth.
309
00:28:43,455 --> 00:28:45,958
It felt like the Wandervogel,
310
00:28:45,992 --> 00:28:50,229
only now we were part of
the national cause.
311
00:28:52,899 --> 00:28:55,134
Youth were leading youth.
312
00:28:59,371 --> 00:29:03,142
We were at the center
of the government's plan...
313
00:29:03,175 --> 00:29:06,078
because we would
shape the future.
314
00:29:13,419 --> 00:29:16,856
They wanted us to be strong.
315
00:29:16,889 --> 00:29:20,426
Hitler said his youth
should be tough as leather,
316
00:29:20,459 --> 00:29:22,962
swift as greyhounds...
317
00:29:22,995 --> 00:29:25,898
and hard as Krupp steel.
318
00:29:27,900 --> 00:29:30,269
A young German...
319
00:29:30,302 --> 00:29:33,772
was the most exciting thing
you could be.
320
00:29:45,017 --> 00:29:47,119
Big-city backwoodsmen.
321
00:29:47,153 --> 00:29:48,988
New York boys
are getting back to nature...
322
00:29:49,021 --> 00:29:51,824
in the citizens conservation
camp at Yellowstone Park.
323
00:29:51,858 --> 00:29:53,559
That's pretty.
324
00:29:53,592 --> 00:29:57,163
An important part
of the national recovery program
are these camps,
325
00:29:57,196 --> 00:29:59,231
one of the president's
pet projects.
326
00:29:59,265 --> 00:30:02,168
They're a great thing
for city boys.
327
00:30:02,201 --> 00:30:06,072
Roosevelt created the Civilian
Conservation Corps...
328
00:30:06,105 --> 00:30:09,208
and other programs
that put youth to work.
329
00:30:11,377 --> 00:30:14,981
It was job training,
but we were getting paid.
330
00:30:17,083 --> 00:30:19,952
Maybe our protests were heard.
331
00:30:28,360 --> 00:30:30,396
On a bank of the Avon,
332
00:30:30,429 --> 00:30:33,265
you will find the men
of the first Grith Fyrd,
333
00:30:33,299 --> 00:30:35,101
or Peace Army camp,
334
00:30:35,134 --> 00:30:38,337
where young men
of all classes
can develop themselves...
335
00:30:38,370 --> 00:30:41,073
both physically and mentally.
336
00:30:41,107 --> 00:30:43,109
We had labor camps.
337
00:30:44,376 --> 00:30:48,047
Instructional Centers
is what they were called.
338
00:30:48,080 --> 00:30:50,849
They gave us something
worthwhile to do.
339
00:30:59,291 --> 00:31:01,894
The government
was taking us seriously.
340
00:31:02,995 --> 00:31:05,231
It gave us a real boost.
341
00:31:06,665 --> 00:31:10,069
Young people
were part of the solution.
342
00:31:10,102 --> 00:31:11,938
We were prospering.
343
00:31:14,040 --> 00:31:16,909
And we were going to
change the world.
344
00:31:19,645 --> 00:31:22,982
* Happy days are here again
345
00:31:23,015 --> 00:31:26,652
* The skies above
are clear again *
346
00:31:26,685 --> 00:31:30,356
* Let us sing
a song of cheer again *
347
00:31:30,389 --> 00:31:34,393
* Happy days are here again *
348
00:31:36,295 --> 00:31:39,298
**
349
00:32:01,320 --> 00:32:05,291
Let me tell you
in plain American English.
350
00:32:05,324 --> 00:32:07,059
I'm a jitterbug,
351
00:32:07,093 --> 00:32:09,495
and I'm crazy about swing.
352
00:32:12,064 --> 00:32:15,367
For years we oompahed
to sticky fox-trots.
353
00:32:15,401 --> 00:32:19,571
And then came swing
with its solid rhythm.
354
00:32:19,605 --> 00:32:21,740
**
355
00:32:21,773 --> 00:32:25,111
Negro bands playing hot,
356
00:32:25,144 --> 00:32:27,213
but with the power
of a big orchestra.
357
00:32:28,747 --> 00:32:31,583
It was free, beautiful music,
358
00:32:31,617 --> 00:32:35,421
and it let us cut loose
and act like normal kids
for a change.
359
00:32:38,357 --> 00:32:42,561
Every day into music shops
from coast to coast...
360
00:32:42,594 --> 00:32:44,596
go more and more customers,
361
00:32:44,630 --> 00:32:46,732
all for the same thing--
362
00:32:46,765 --> 00:32:48,767
the latest in swing music.
363
00:32:48,800 --> 00:32:51,337
Swing! Swing!
364
00:32:51,370 --> 00:32:54,473
It's the rhythm, rhythm, rhythm
that gets 'em.
365
00:32:54,506 --> 00:32:56,342
The hot-cha-cha,
366
00:32:56,375 --> 00:32:59,511
the boogie-woogie,
the vicey versa,
the nuts and bats.
367
00:32:59,545 --> 00:33:03,115
It's movement, movement,
rhythm, rhythm and all that.
368
00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:12,124
Ever since the crash,
life's been so grim.
369
00:33:13,659 --> 00:33:16,995
Jitterbugs
were changing the mood.
370
00:33:19,198 --> 00:33:22,134
We were the new flaming youth.
371
00:33:26,672 --> 00:33:30,042
When Benny Goodman
played New York,
it was madness.
372
00:33:33,445 --> 00:33:36,448
There was a whole
youth craze catching on.
373
00:33:38,250 --> 00:33:40,386
Adults weren't ready
to integrate,
374
00:33:41,487 --> 00:33:43,422
but jitterbugs were.
375
00:33:45,157 --> 00:33:48,026
White kids took their cues
from us Negroes.
376
00:33:49,095 --> 00:33:52,598
Where we couldn't go,
our songs would.
377
00:33:57,436 --> 00:34:01,607
Our music made the feet
of the world dance.
378
00:34:11,717 --> 00:34:15,454
Swing broke out
to the mass audience.
379
00:34:17,356 --> 00:34:19,491
If you didn't
live in the city,
380
00:34:19,525 --> 00:34:21,427
then you could hear it
on the radio.
381
00:34:21,460 --> 00:34:23,362
And so the Camel Caravan--
382
00:34:23,395 --> 00:34:26,632
Shows like Camel Caravan
and Let's Dance.
383
00:34:26,665 --> 00:34:32,304
You could live the dream
without ever having
to leave your bedroom.
384
00:34:32,338 --> 00:34:35,807
I hereby dedicate...
385
00:34:35,841 --> 00:34:41,447
the World's Fair of 1939.
386
00:34:45,217 --> 00:34:47,619
When they had the World's Fair,
387
00:34:47,653 --> 00:34:49,621
it was about the future,
388
00:34:49,655 --> 00:34:53,091
and jitterbugs
were at the center of it all.
389
00:34:54,626 --> 00:34:57,763
I heard them talking
about us on the radio.
390
00:34:57,796 --> 00:34:59,665
They said,
391
00:34:59,698 --> 00:35:02,768
"Once you've glimpsed
the world of tomorrow,
392
00:35:02,801 --> 00:35:05,171
you can never look back.
393
00:35:05,204 --> 00:35:07,873
You may enter it
a girl of today.
394
00:35:07,906 --> 00:35:10,909
You'll come out
a girl of tomorrow."
395
00:35:10,942 --> 00:35:13,612
I want to tell you,
I have never seen...
396
00:35:13,645 --> 00:35:16,648
such a spectacle as this
in all my life.
397
00:35:16,682 --> 00:35:20,519
Swing was the voice of youth,
the sound of freedom.
398
00:35:22,221 --> 00:35:23,889
It was real.
399
00:35:23,922 --> 00:35:25,591
It was alive.
400
00:35:25,624 --> 00:35:27,626
Enthusiastic young jitterbugs--
401
00:35:27,659 --> 00:35:31,363
young Americans living
for the world of tomorrow.
402
00:36:13,339 --> 00:36:15,674
When the Hitler Youth started,
403
00:36:15,707 --> 00:36:17,543
it was an inspiring cause.
404
00:36:20,512 --> 00:36:23,749
But now
it was the establishment.
405
00:36:25,517 --> 00:36:28,420
Membership
was compulsory.
406
00:36:32,023 --> 00:36:35,761
Slowly, you lost yourself.
407
00:36:37,963 --> 00:36:42,701
It was the denial
and the degradation
of the individual...
408
00:36:42,734 --> 00:36:44,970
into the mass.
409
00:37:01,687 --> 00:37:04,656
If you didn't like it,
410
00:37:04,690 --> 00:37:06,792
there was no escape.
411
00:37:14,833 --> 00:37:16,668
At 16 and 17,
412
00:37:18,470 --> 00:37:21,307
you crawled inside yourself.
413
00:37:23,909 --> 00:37:25,611
Psychologically...
414
00:37:28,046 --> 00:37:30,382
you were armed.
415
00:37:38,490 --> 00:37:43,695
Germany has invaded Poland
and has bombed many towns.
416
00:37:43,729 --> 00:37:47,399
General mobilization
has been ordered
in Britain and France.
417
00:37:52,738 --> 00:37:56,575
Melita had quickly climbed
the ranks of the Hitler Youth.
418
00:37:58,910 --> 00:38:04,583
Once the war started,
she left home to serve
as a youth press officer.
419
00:38:07,653 --> 00:38:10,088
Melita was
the ideal youth leader--
420
00:38:10,121 --> 00:38:13,725
rigorous, hardworking,
421
00:38:13,759 --> 00:38:16,762
and she believed in Germany's
superior moral position.
422
00:38:22,601 --> 00:38:25,404
She quickly lost
her Jewish friends,
423
00:38:25,437 --> 00:38:28,607
but sacrifices had to be made.
424
00:38:33,579 --> 00:38:36,748
You had only two choices--
425
00:38:36,782 --> 00:38:40,919
have Jewish friends
or be a National Socialist.
426
00:38:44,523 --> 00:38:48,059
When I had to pass
along the ghetto street,
427
00:38:48,093 --> 00:38:53,499
the wretchedness of the children
brought a lump into my throat.
428
00:38:56,702 --> 00:38:58,504
But gradually,
429
00:38:58,537 --> 00:39:02,340
I learned to switch off
my private feelings.
430
00:39:07,813 --> 00:39:11,617
Everything
that I was or had been...
431
00:39:11,650 --> 00:39:15,521
was now absorbed
into the whole.
432
00:39:42,648 --> 00:39:45,651
Not everyone
was willing to comply.
433
00:39:48,654 --> 00:39:50,756
There were the Hamburg Swings.
434
00:39:52,090 --> 00:39:55,894
They were obsessed
with American music
and British fashion.
435
00:39:57,963 --> 00:40:00,832
It didn't matter
if it was against Nazi law.
436
00:40:04,503 --> 00:40:05,904
They had no manifesto.
437
00:40:07,906 --> 00:40:12,978
Still, their mere presence
was a threat to the regime.
438
00:40:21,820 --> 00:40:25,557
Tommie Scheel
fell in love with swing.
439
00:40:31,062 --> 00:40:35,000
It all started
when a friend of his
came back from New York...
440
00:40:35,033 --> 00:40:36,935
with all the latest records.
441
00:40:38,737 --> 00:40:41,940
Tommie heard something
in swing he liked.
442
00:40:43,008 --> 00:40:45,477
It was a new youth language,
443
00:40:45,511 --> 00:40:47,813
and Nazis weren't allowed.
444
00:40:50,682 --> 00:40:54,052
Once the war started,
if you weren't in uniform,
445
00:40:54,085 --> 00:40:57,823
everyone knew
what you believed in
or what you didn't.
446
00:41:00,058 --> 00:41:02,761
Tommie wore British suits.
447
00:41:02,794 --> 00:41:05,864
He wouldn't put on
the Hitler Youth uniform.
448
00:41:07,799 --> 00:41:11,970
It was important not to look
like faithful German younglings.
449
00:41:28,620 --> 00:41:30,956
The Nazis hated swing.
450
00:41:32,290 --> 00:41:35,627
They banned
all art and social dancing.
451
00:41:37,228 --> 00:41:40,098
Boys and girls
were forbidden to mix.
452
00:41:44,836 --> 00:41:47,773
Swing shows
were raided by police.
453
00:41:48,907 --> 00:41:51,910
When one Hamburg Swing
was arrested, they told him,
454
00:41:51,943 --> 00:41:55,647
"Anything that begins
with Duke Ellington...
455
00:41:55,681 --> 00:41:58,550
ends with an assassination
attempt on Hitler."
456
00:42:02,854 --> 00:42:06,692
So Tommie and his friends
met at his parents' house...
457
00:42:08,660 --> 00:42:10,929
where nobody
could see them dance.
458
00:42:35,954 --> 00:42:38,857
Once, for fun,
459
00:42:38,890 --> 00:42:41,760
they dressed up
like American gangsters...
460
00:42:41,793 --> 00:42:44,796
and pretended to rob
a friend's villa.
461
00:42:46,732 --> 00:42:48,834
Of course they took pictures.
462
00:42:50,101 --> 00:42:52,037
It was their art.
463
00:42:59,010 --> 00:43:01,713
Once the Gestapo
got ahold of the pictures,
464
00:43:03,715 --> 00:43:05,951
they wished
they'd never done it.
465
00:43:11,122 --> 00:43:14,860
Robbery charges
were brought against them.
466
00:43:16,261 --> 00:43:18,964
Police reports
called them criminals.
467
00:43:19,931 --> 00:43:22,400
It said
they were race defilers,
468
00:43:22,433 --> 00:43:24,069
they fornicated,
469
00:43:25,804 --> 00:43:28,173
they were homosexuals
and robbers.
470
00:43:30,742 --> 00:43:33,879
It wasn't just kids
having fun.
471
00:43:33,912 --> 00:43:36,848
They were a direct threat
to the nation.
472
00:43:47,859 --> 00:43:51,897
When they arrested Tommie,
they beat him.
473
00:43:53,431 --> 00:43:56,001
He was shipped
to a political prison,
474
00:43:56,034 --> 00:43:58,236
much like a concentration camp.
475
00:44:00,305 --> 00:44:02,841
He survived,
476
00:44:02,874 --> 00:44:06,778
eventually finding his way
to his beloved America.
477
00:44:10,315 --> 00:44:12,684
But most of his friends did not.
478
00:44:44,482 --> 00:44:49,120
A date which will live
in infamy.
479
00:44:49,154 --> 00:44:52,157
Following yesterday's shattering
and unprovoked attacks,
480
00:44:52,190 --> 00:44:55,260
the United States
formally declared war
on the empire of Japan.
481
00:44:55,293 --> 00:44:57,462
Today the nation is stirring...
482
00:44:57,495 --> 00:44:59,931
as it slowly realizes
the immense extent...
483
00:44:59,965 --> 00:45:02,400
of the enterprise
on which it has embarked.
484
00:45:02,433 --> 00:45:04,836
More than 16 million
young Americans,
485
00:45:04,870 --> 00:45:08,139
in answer to the highest
obligation of their citizenship,
486
00:45:08,173 --> 00:45:11,743
place themselves at
the disposal of their country.
487
00:45:11,777 --> 00:45:14,780
I will obey the orders
of the president
of the United States...
488
00:45:14,813 --> 00:45:19,217
The government was asking us
to defend freedom,
489
00:45:19,250 --> 00:45:21,319
and we answered the call.
490
00:45:24,255 --> 00:45:28,126
We thought democracy
was something worth
fighting for.
491
00:45:33,064 --> 00:45:35,366
The Americans were coming.
492
00:45:35,400 --> 00:45:37,936
It was world war all over again.
493
00:45:37,969 --> 00:45:40,839
The youth of Britain certainly
means to play its part...
494
00:45:40,872 --> 00:45:42,273
in shaping the future.
495
00:45:42,307 --> 00:45:45,911
The authorities know how keen
all these boys of 17 are--
496
00:45:45,944 --> 00:45:48,113
a sign of the times.
497
00:45:50,281 --> 00:45:52,818
We'd been at war
for two years now.
498
00:46:03,228 --> 00:46:05,230
I lived in London
during the Blitz.
499
00:46:07,899 --> 00:46:11,002
I slept in the Underground
while the bombs dropped,
500
00:46:15,173 --> 00:46:18,009
then came up to see
the buildings crumbling.
501
00:46:26,918 --> 00:46:29,787
I was excited when the G.I.s
arrived from America.
502
00:46:31,456 --> 00:46:35,293
They brought all the swing music
I'd been listening to
and made it live.
503
00:46:35,326 --> 00:46:38,129
Who wants to listen
to some sentimental ballad...
504
00:46:38,163 --> 00:46:40,832
when you're young
and you can dance
the "A" Train with the Yanks?
505
00:46:42,467 --> 00:46:45,303
The G.I.s looked so sharp,
506
00:46:45,336 --> 00:46:50,275
like we were in black and white
and here they came, in color.
507
00:46:52,577 --> 00:46:54,579
When you think of entertainment,
508
00:46:54,612 --> 00:46:58,083
you must somehow
think of Piccadilly,
the hub of entertainment.
509
00:46:58,116 --> 00:47:01,119
In Shaftesbury Avenue,
less than a hundred yards
from the circus,
510
00:47:01,152 --> 00:47:05,190
is Rainbow Corner,
famous American
entertainment headquarters.
511
00:47:05,223 --> 00:47:07,525
Ices and lasses,
and what more could you want?
512
00:47:07,558 --> 00:47:09,961
Unless it's
more lasses than ices.
513
00:47:12,130 --> 00:47:15,600
Rainbow Corner
was open all day and all night.
514
00:47:15,633 --> 00:47:17,402
But sometimes
they had to close it...
515
00:47:17,435 --> 00:47:20,171
because there were so many of us
on the street outside.
516
00:47:23,108 --> 00:47:26,211
For a night,
I could forget about the war.
517
00:47:26,244 --> 00:47:28,246
And are they enjoying it.
518
00:47:28,279 --> 00:47:32,317
Such an occasion as this,
small though it may be
in itself,
519
00:47:32,350 --> 00:47:34,252
it's just another
happy indication...
520
00:47:34,285 --> 00:47:36,922
of the friendly relationship
and happy understanding...
521
00:47:36,955 --> 00:47:41,092
that exist between ourselves
and our cousins
across the Atlantic.
522
00:48:10,421 --> 00:48:13,391
In Europe they were
treating us like equals.
523
00:48:16,127 --> 00:48:18,363
But back home
was a different story.
524
00:48:20,966 --> 00:48:23,168
We were the enemy.
525
00:48:28,706 --> 00:48:32,978
Warren Wall was 16
when the war started,
526
00:48:33,011 --> 00:48:35,380
the eldest
of seven brothers and sisters.
527
00:48:36,447 --> 00:48:39,384
He hoped to become
an electrical engineer.
528
00:48:46,757 --> 00:48:50,161
Sometimes I feel so alone.
529
00:48:54,299 --> 00:48:56,334
I don't wanna run
with the gangs.
530
00:48:59,337 --> 00:49:00,938
I wanna work...
531
00:49:02,040 --> 00:49:03,508
and gain respect.
532
00:49:05,176 --> 00:49:07,979
But most of my friends
don't see it that way.
533
00:49:09,180 --> 00:49:13,118
They tell me, why try to fit
into a white man's world?
534
00:49:17,488 --> 00:49:23,361
I don't believe I or any Negro
can help but feel inferior.
535
00:49:33,438 --> 00:49:37,108
Scouting's one program
where I'm nearly an equal.
536
00:49:38,643 --> 00:49:43,014
I can compete with white boys
and get the same recognition.
537
00:49:44,415 --> 00:49:48,119
I'd like to be
the first Negro Eagle Scout
in the city.
538
00:49:50,188 --> 00:49:52,523
But somehow I'm stuck.
539
00:49:54,225 --> 00:49:58,329
I don't know whether it's me
or the Scout leadership.
540
00:50:07,738 --> 00:50:10,575
I've always wanted
to be an athlete.
541
00:50:13,544 --> 00:50:16,414
And I know you can't give up
all your strength on girls...
542
00:50:16,447 --> 00:50:19,250
and expect to give your best
in athletic games.
543
00:50:21,619 --> 00:50:23,254
But when I was 14,
544
00:50:23,288 --> 00:50:26,591
I had sex for the first time
with a girl,
545
00:50:26,624 --> 00:50:29,160
and I thought I was hot stuff.
546
00:50:30,295 --> 00:50:33,064
I'll never forget
the experience...
547
00:50:34,265 --> 00:50:38,136
because for weeks
I was darn near eaten up.
548
00:50:38,169 --> 00:50:42,173
I had to go to my father,
and he just laughed.
549
00:51:13,871 --> 00:51:16,307
I've seen lots of people...
550
00:51:16,341 --> 00:51:19,510
whose actions
make me dislike them,
551
00:51:19,544 --> 00:51:21,512
even despise them.
552
00:51:24,749 --> 00:51:30,188
But my father says we should
be fighting for our rights,
553
00:51:30,221 --> 00:51:32,123
not picking fights.
554
00:51:38,529 --> 00:51:43,134
But at times,
I've just itched to take
a crack at a white guy...
555
00:51:43,168 --> 00:51:46,137
just to see if he can take it
like he can dish it.
556
00:51:48,239 --> 00:51:54,145
When I get disrespected,
I get so angry I could explode.
557
00:52:01,586 --> 00:52:05,456
I want to appeal
to all the people of Harlem...
558
00:52:05,490 --> 00:52:08,526
for your complete cooperation...
559
00:52:08,559 --> 00:52:12,463
in order to bring
to a speedy end...
560
00:52:12,497 --> 00:52:16,301
this most
unfortunate condition...
561
00:52:16,334 --> 00:52:22,240
which was brought about
by a few rowdies and hoodlums.
562
00:52:22,273 --> 00:52:23,874
And during the past 10 days,
563
00:52:23,908 --> 00:52:25,776
the zoot-suit warfare
here in Los Angeles.
564
00:52:25,810 --> 00:52:30,515
Mobs attacked and roughed up
harmless citizens
of Mexican descent.
565
00:52:30,548 --> 00:52:34,285
Cars were stopped,
the occupants pulled out,
doors ripped from the cars.
566
00:52:34,319 --> 00:52:37,888
That's what happens when the mob
starts to take things
into its own hands.
567
00:52:42,627 --> 00:52:46,397
Why would young people
fight for democracy...
568
00:52:46,431 --> 00:52:50,835
if we're just gonna be treated
like second
569
00:52:50,868 --> 00:52:53,571
Aside from the physical
evidences of the war,
570
00:52:53,604 --> 00:52:57,975
the psychological
impact of the war
is of extreme importance...
571
00:52:58,008 --> 00:53:02,413
in consideration of the conduct
of the children at this time.
572
00:53:03,648 --> 00:53:05,850
The lid had blown off,
573
00:53:05,883 --> 00:53:09,454
and all our anger poured out.
574
00:53:11,456 --> 00:53:14,892
And they searched
for a reason why.
575
00:53:14,925 --> 00:53:16,927
Have you ever had
any obsessions?
576
00:53:16,961 --> 00:53:19,964
Ideas that drive you
to do something?
577
00:53:19,997 --> 00:53:22,567
Well, yeah, I guess so.
578
00:53:22,600 --> 00:53:24,702
I remember when I was a kid
I used to have spells...
579
00:53:24,735 --> 00:53:28,539
where I was afraid
to touch a knife
for fear I'd cut my throat.
580
00:53:32,877 --> 00:53:35,246
Upon America's youth,
581
00:53:35,280 --> 00:53:37,014
the excitement and
emotional tension of war...
582
00:53:37,047 --> 00:53:39,584
is today exerting
an influence...
583
00:53:39,617 --> 00:53:42,553
which psychiatrists fear
may be felt for years to come.
584
00:53:42,587 --> 00:53:48,359
And the conversion to all-out
war effort of American industry
and the American community...
585
00:53:48,393 --> 00:53:50,995
has confronted
many young people,
like their elders,
586
00:53:51,028 --> 00:53:54,665
with a profound
and unsettling change
in their manner of living.
587
00:53:58,669 --> 00:54:00,671
The depression was long gone.
588
00:54:02,373 --> 00:54:04,809
Millions of people
were on the move,
589
00:54:04,842 --> 00:54:06,744
just going where the work was.
590
00:54:11,048 --> 00:54:13,751
Dad's working again all hours.
591
00:54:13,784 --> 00:54:15,820
Mom too.
592
00:54:15,853 --> 00:54:18,423
So I'm at home alone a lot.
593
00:54:19,724 --> 00:54:21,626
It gets a little lonely.
594
00:54:25,396 --> 00:54:27,965
Freed from parental authority,
595
00:54:27,998 --> 00:54:31,736
youngsters are venturing
into new and unwholesome worlds.
596
00:54:31,769 --> 00:54:35,906
Experiments with new sensations,
such as the smoking
of marijuana,
597
00:54:35,940 --> 00:54:40,445
are tempting
more and more teenage youngsters
along dangerous paths.
598
00:54:43,080 --> 00:54:45,383
To many adolescent girls,
599
00:54:45,416 --> 00:54:47,552
even those
in their earliest teens,
600
00:54:47,585 --> 00:54:50,888
war is opening up avenues
of unaccustomed excitement.
601
00:54:52,423 --> 00:54:55,560
To them any man in uniform
seems a hero.
602
00:54:55,593 --> 00:54:58,796
And in towns crowded
with footloose soldiers
or sailors,
603
00:54:58,829 --> 00:55:03,401
it is easy for them
to get passing attention
they could not normally expect.
604
00:55:03,434 --> 00:55:06,070
Do you realize
what time it is?
605
00:55:06,103 --> 00:55:08,773
Oh, Mother, don't be such
an old fuddy-duddy.
606
00:55:20,851 --> 00:55:22,487
No!
607
00:55:25,790 --> 00:55:30,695
Is it wise for a girl
of your age to go steady
with just one boy, June?
608
00:55:30,728 --> 00:55:35,433
Well, Miss Norton, I don't think
a girl should confine her
dating schedule to just one boy.
609
00:55:35,466 --> 00:55:38,436
She needs the companionship
of all of them.
610
00:55:38,469 --> 00:55:41,972
* There's a girl named Kate,
and she thinks
she's really great *
611
00:55:42,006 --> 00:55:43,741
* But she's not
612
00:55:46,577 --> 00:55:50,948
* All the boys stare
at the girl with blonde hair
It's not fair *
613
00:55:53,984 --> 00:55:56,587
They called us Victory Girls.
614
00:55:56,621 --> 00:55:58,589
Khaki Whaki young women.
615
00:55:59,123 --> 00:56:00,791
Juvenile delinquents.
616
00:56:00,825 --> 00:56:02,627
Are you pregnant?
617
00:56:03,193 --> 00:56:05,596
Yes! Yes, I am!
618
00:56:11,502 --> 00:56:15,573
Johnny
and 200,000 other youngsters
who are arrested each year...
619
00:56:15,606 --> 00:56:18,409
are America's
number one crime problem.
620
00:56:19,510 --> 00:56:21,746
Now what will become
of this boy?
621
00:56:21,779 --> 00:56:25,149
Will he be
fingerprinted, photographed,
622
00:56:25,182 --> 00:56:29,554
given a permanent
criminal record at 15?
623
00:56:29,587 --> 00:56:32,089
Will he grow up
in reformatories and prisons...
624
00:56:32,122 --> 00:56:34,892
to become a bitter
and seasoned criminal?
625
00:56:36,160 --> 00:56:37,928
Can't something be done...
626
00:56:37,962 --> 00:56:42,099
to help
these twisted young lives
and set them straight?
627
00:56:42,132 --> 00:56:45,570
Golly, what do you suppose
is going to happen to us now?
628
00:56:54,111 --> 00:56:57,582
To keep youngsters away
from dives and drinking places,
629
00:56:57,615 --> 00:56:59,750
there is the dry nightclub,
630
00:56:59,784 --> 00:57:03,688
organized and operated
by the local
young people themselves.
631
00:57:03,721 --> 00:57:06,491
Where they exist,
experience has shown...
632
00:57:06,524 --> 00:57:11,796
that most youngsters
prefer these clubs
to more dubious hangouts.
633
00:57:11,829 --> 00:57:15,065
We had a right
to a place of our own.
634
00:57:15,099 --> 00:57:20,871
And adults started to realize
that maybe some freedom
might make us behave.
635
00:57:22,907 --> 00:57:25,843
So we started
our own social clubs.
636
00:57:27,111 --> 00:57:29,814
They were called teen canteens.
637
00:57:29,847 --> 00:57:32,082
This is fun, isn't it?
Yeah!
638
00:57:32,116 --> 00:57:35,019
You're sure you like
to do things like this?
Sure.
639
00:57:35,052 --> 00:57:39,223
I thought all girls
wanted fellas to take them
to fancy places...
640
00:57:39,256 --> 00:57:42,727
and spend lots of money.
Not this girl.
641
00:57:42,760 --> 00:57:45,896
We called the clubs
The Jive Hive,
642
00:57:45,930 --> 00:57:49,534
The Buzz Bucket,
The Swing Haven, Hepcat Hall,
643
00:57:49,567 --> 00:57:52,069
Rhythm Rocker,
Boogie and The Strut Hut.
644
00:57:52,102 --> 00:57:54,104
Hear the names?
645
00:57:54,138 --> 00:57:57,007
Proves that they're really ours.
646
00:57:57,041 --> 00:58:00,110
The canteen has its own laws
about closing,
647
00:58:00,144 --> 00:58:02,112
and the members obey them.
648
00:58:02,146 --> 00:58:06,150
Some people may question
our behavior when we keep
the canteen open until 11:00.
649
00:58:06,183 --> 00:58:10,187
Nobody has to stay here
till 11:00 just because
the canteen is still open.
650
00:58:10,220 --> 00:58:13,658
There's no law that says you
have to stay or you have to go.
651
00:58:13,691 --> 00:58:17,595
I have heard people talking
about your late hours here.
652
00:58:17,628 --> 00:58:20,164
You'd better realize
that the town could pass a law.
653
00:58:20,197 --> 00:58:25,269
You see, whatever the community
decides is best for itself...
654
00:58:25,302 --> 00:58:27,071
usually becomes law.
655
00:58:27,104 --> 00:58:30,808
The community?
Well, aren't we part
of the community?
656
00:58:30,841 --> 00:58:32,643
Well, of course
you are, Jack.
657
00:58:32,677 --> 00:58:34,612
Don't you think
it would be better...
658
00:58:34,645 --> 00:58:38,849
if the canteen were
to pass its own law
to close weeknights at 10:30?
659
00:58:38,883 --> 00:58:43,187
And so Jack is learning
about social controls.
660
00:58:43,220 --> 00:58:47,291
Social controls,
moral code and law...
661
00:58:47,324 --> 00:58:51,696
have always played a part
in the activities
of the teen canteen.
662
00:58:55,265 --> 00:58:56,934
These leaders--
663
00:58:56,967 --> 00:58:59,737
the Hitlers and the Goebbels
and the Görings...
664
00:58:59,770 --> 00:59:02,707
and, uh, so forth...
665
00:59:02,740 --> 00:59:06,611
have built up, uh--
I don't know--
666
00:59:06,644 --> 00:59:09,714
some sort
of a demi-godliness about them.
667
00:59:09,747 --> 00:59:13,718
The youth of Germany--
they have likes and dislikes,
668
00:59:13,751 --> 00:59:15,986
and they want freedom
just as much as other people do.
669
00:59:29,900 --> 00:59:31,702
The tide turned...
670
00:59:33,337 --> 00:59:35,940
and bombs rained from the sky.
671
00:59:40,711 --> 00:59:43,347
There were sirens
every night...
672
00:59:43,380 --> 00:59:46,150
and several terrible attacks.
673
00:59:49,319 --> 00:59:52,056
We wanted to run away
from this misery.
674
00:59:54,424 --> 00:59:58,696
It didn't matter where to,
just away.
675
01:00:21,318 --> 01:00:23,120
Still,
676
01:00:23,153 --> 01:00:26,090
there were some
who resisted Hitler's will.
677
01:00:27,291 --> 01:00:28,592
For years,
678
01:00:28,625 --> 01:00:32,763
underground gangs
like the Edelweiss Pirates
escaped into nature--
679
01:00:34,398 --> 01:00:36,901
far away from the regime.
680
01:00:40,805 --> 01:00:44,241
They declared eternal war
on the Hitler Youth.
681
01:00:46,977 --> 01:00:48,245
In Cologne,
682
01:00:48,278 --> 01:00:51,816
they started a campaign
of anti-Hitler graffiti,
683
01:00:51,849 --> 01:00:54,885
vandalism and sabotage.
684
01:00:54,919 --> 01:00:59,123
In just one month
600 of them were arrested.
685
01:01:02,159 --> 01:01:05,863
The Gestapo made
an example of them.
686
01:01:12,202 --> 01:01:16,073
Kids of 13 or 14
were sent to the front.
687
01:01:20,310 --> 01:01:23,113
The old had sent us to die,
688
01:01:25,482 --> 01:01:27,952
and there was no turning back.
689
01:01:54,544 --> 01:01:58,715
My parents died in a night
bombing attack by the British.
690
01:02:00,851 --> 01:02:05,089
The sight of smoking ruins
became a daily occurrence.
691
01:02:12,396 --> 01:02:16,033
I believed that I would not
outlive the Third Reich.
692
01:02:18,568 --> 01:02:22,106
If it was condemned to go under,
693
01:02:22,139 --> 01:02:23,908
then so was I.
694
01:02:27,878 --> 01:02:31,882
I was no longer able
to suppress the realization...
695
01:02:33,550 --> 01:02:38,222
that all the sacrifices
had been in vain.
696
01:02:50,600 --> 01:02:55,405
**
697
01:02:55,439 --> 01:02:59,143
* Fifteen thousand times a day
698
01:02:59,176 --> 01:03:04,214
* I hear a voice within me say
699
01:03:04,248 --> 01:03:06,984
* "Hide yourself
behind a screen *
700
01:03:07,017 --> 01:03:09,319
* You shouldn't be heard
You shouldn't be seen *
701
01:03:09,353 --> 01:03:15,025
* You're just
an awful in-between" *
702
01:03:19,196 --> 01:03:24,935
* I'm past the stage
of doll and carriage *
703
01:03:24,969 --> 01:03:27,537
* And not the age
704
01:03:27,571 --> 01:03:30,040
* To think of marriage
705
01:03:30,074 --> 01:03:34,945
* I'm too old for toys,
and I'm too young for boys *
706
01:03:34,979 --> 01:03:39,083
* I'm just an in-between
707
01:03:40,050 --> 01:03:42,319
* I'm not a child
708
01:03:42,352 --> 01:03:44,955
* All children bore me
709
01:03:44,989 --> 01:03:47,124
* I'm not grown up
710
01:03:47,157 --> 01:03:49,393
* Grown-ups ignore me
711
01:03:49,426 --> 01:03:54,999
* And in every sense
I'm just on a fence *
712
01:03:55,032 --> 01:03:59,369
* I'm just an in-between *
713
01:04:02,239 --> 01:04:04,208
There's nothing
worse than a dope...
714
01:04:04,241 --> 01:04:06,977
who tries to look old
or sophisticated,
715
01:04:07,011 --> 01:04:10,080
so all the makeup we use
is just powder and lipstick.
716
01:04:10,114 --> 01:04:12,082
But we're fussy about lipstick.
717
01:04:12,116 --> 01:04:14,851
The right shade
can make or break.
718
01:04:23,961 --> 01:04:26,196
Of course clothes
are awfully important.
719
01:04:26,230 --> 01:04:29,633
If a girl doesn't dress right,
the way everyone else
is dressing,
720
01:04:29,666 --> 01:04:31,368
well, she's just out.
721
01:04:31,401 --> 01:04:34,071
She might as well be dead.
722
01:04:34,104 --> 01:04:36,240
I don't mean she needs
a lot of clothes,
723
01:04:36,273 --> 01:04:39,643
and they don't have
to be expensive,
but they have to be right,
724
01:04:39,676 --> 01:04:43,147
or she just labels herself
a crumb for life.
725
01:04:45,282 --> 01:04:46,616
What's this?
726
01:04:46,650 --> 01:04:48,018
What's what?
727
01:04:48,052 --> 01:04:52,156
Well, Jen, you're not
going to Emily's party
in those clothes, are you?
728
01:04:53,223 --> 01:04:55,425
Oh, Mother,
it's only a hen party.
729
01:04:55,459 --> 01:04:58,228
Do you want them to think
I'm different or something?
730
01:04:58,262 --> 01:05:00,164
Oh, all right.
731
01:05:00,197 --> 01:05:01,565
Bye.
732
01:05:01,598 --> 01:05:03,267
Be home early.
733
01:05:07,637 --> 01:05:12,309
Before Pearl Harbor,
I was playing with paper dolls.
734
01:05:13,978 --> 01:05:16,580
After Pearl Harbor,
735
01:05:16,613 --> 01:05:19,349
I never played with dolls again.
736
01:05:22,519 --> 01:05:25,189
I'm part of the war effort now.
737
01:05:25,222 --> 01:05:27,391
Workers for victory.
738
01:05:27,424 --> 01:05:31,695
The National Youth
Administration schooling
in skilled mechanical trades,
739
01:05:31,728 --> 01:05:33,363
and you earn while you learn.
740
01:05:33,397 --> 01:05:37,301
And note the nifty
new costumes too: blue jeans.
741
01:05:37,334 --> 01:05:39,736
So here's your chance
to take a slap at a Jap.
742
01:05:39,769 --> 01:05:42,239
The army of industry needs you.
743
01:05:50,780 --> 01:05:52,983
I'm earning my own money.
744
01:05:55,619 --> 01:05:58,022
I'm not a little kid anymore.
745
01:06:01,225 --> 01:06:05,295
And I want to be treated
like an equal.
746
01:06:06,796 --> 01:06:09,666
I suppose you're
going out again tonight.
747
01:06:09,699 --> 01:06:11,468
Yeah.
So what?
748
01:06:11,501 --> 01:06:14,771
Jimmy, you have no business
staying out half the night...
749
01:06:14,804 --> 01:06:17,207
and coming home
all liquored up.
750
01:06:17,241 --> 01:06:21,045
Look, I'm getting
sick and tired
of being treated like a kid.
751
01:06:21,078 --> 01:06:23,180
I'm making
as much money as you are,
752
01:06:23,213 --> 01:06:25,549
and I have a right
to have a little fun.
753
01:06:41,365 --> 01:06:43,367
All the big businesses...
754
01:06:43,400 --> 01:06:45,602
were starting to understand
how important we were.
755
01:06:45,635 --> 01:06:50,040
We are endeavoring
to evaluate
your group's social habits.
756
01:06:50,074 --> 01:06:52,376
Could you tell us
in your own words?
757
01:06:53,643 --> 01:06:55,779
I can walk into a store...
758
01:06:55,812 --> 01:06:59,683
and buy clothes,
records, magazines...
759
01:06:59,716 --> 01:07:02,352
all aimed right at me.
760
01:07:02,386 --> 01:07:04,554
Department stores,
761
01:07:04,588 --> 01:07:07,824
waking up to
the special market represented
by some six million girls...
762
01:07:07,857 --> 01:07:12,596
are earnestly concentrating
on giving this exacting
clientele what it wants.
763
01:07:15,699 --> 01:07:19,169
We're the bosses
of the business now.
764
01:07:19,203 --> 01:07:21,538
A Big Bang.
Uh, chocolate--
765
01:07:21,571 --> 01:07:23,407
With chocolate sauce.
766
01:07:23,440 --> 01:07:25,542
And, uh,
marshmallows, nuts.
767
01:07:25,575 --> 01:07:28,178
How about a cherry?
A cherry.
768
01:07:36,386 --> 01:07:38,322
They called us subdebs.
769
01:07:40,224 --> 01:07:43,093
You'd see us
all over the magazines.
770
01:07:45,195 --> 01:07:47,431
We weren't debutantes at all.
771
01:07:49,133 --> 01:07:51,601
Just regular
old high school kids.
772
01:07:55,772 --> 01:07:58,208
But it sounded fancy.
773
01:07:58,875 --> 01:08:01,111
And we sure like fancy.
774
01:08:07,884 --> 01:08:11,321
I love being 17.
775
01:08:11,355 --> 01:08:14,491
I wish I could stay this age
for a while.
776
01:08:18,595 --> 01:08:22,832
Seventeen is that perfect spot
between adolescence--
777
01:08:22,866 --> 01:08:26,303
which means
you're going somewhere--
778
01:08:26,336 --> 01:08:30,574
and adulthood-- which means
you're on the downgrade.
779
01:08:33,643 --> 01:08:38,182
**
780
01:08:48,258 --> 01:08:50,327
Thank you very much,
ladies and gentlemen.
781
01:08:57,801 --> 01:09:00,170
Whether they
called us hooligans,
782
01:09:00,204 --> 01:09:04,708
flappers,
jitterbugs or subdebs,
783
01:09:04,741 --> 01:09:07,311
we knew who we were.
784
01:09:09,346 --> 01:09:11,648
The time had come...
785
01:09:11,681 --> 01:09:13,450
to declare it.
786
01:09:23,493 --> 01:09:26,296
The article came out
in the New York Times.
787
01:09:27,831 --> 01:09:30,567
The Teen-Age Bill of Rights.
788
01:09:31,901 --> 01:09:33,737
A declaration.
789
01:09:33,770 --> 01:09:35,739
A manifesto.
790
01:09:35,772 --> 01:09:39,543
It was like a contract
between the generations.
791
01:09:41,478 --> 01:09:43,747
From the beginning
of man's life on earth,
792
01:09:43,780 --> 01:09:48,385
there have been
but two generations:
the old and the young.
793
01:09:48,418 --> 01:09:51,288
And throughout
the world's history,
794
01:09:51,321 --> 01:09:53,523
in every nation
and in every time,
795
01:09:53,557 --> 01:09:55,292
the lives and fortunes
of the young...
796
01:09:55,325 --> 01:09:58,695
have been inevitably ruled
by the dictates of the old...
797
01:09:58,728 --> 01:10:03,433
who have called upon youth
to enforce their aims
and impose their will.
798
01:10:09,773 --> 01:10:11,408
Of all the world's youth,
799
01:10:11,441 --> 01:10:13,577
none are more fortunate
by birthright and inheritance...
800
01:10:13,610 --> 01:10:18,282
than the 21 million
boys and girls
between the ages of 16 and 24...
801
01:10:18,315 --> 01:10:21,485
who constitute one vast
and glamorous society.
802
01:10:39,569 --> 01:10:41,738
Today no one portion
of the American population...
803
01:10:41,771 --> 01:10:45,775
is more consistently admired
than its young men and women.
804
01:10:47,377 --> 01:10:49,946
For since the postwar days
of the flapper,
805
01:10:49,979 --> 01:10:51,748
speakeasy and flaming youth,
806
01:10:51,781 --> 01:10:54,951
America's youngsters have led
the styles and set the pace...
807
01:10:54,984 --> 01:10:57,521
for the young
of every other nation.
808
01:11:10,600 --> 01:11:14,270
Each generation feels
that it is the future.
809
01:11:15,605 --> 01:11:17,374
To the teenager,
810
01:11:17,407 --> 01:11:20,344
nothing is more important--
811
01:11:21,645 --> 01:11:24,581
Than to find out
where we fit in...
812
01:11:24,614 --> 01:11:27,417
in relation to life around us.
813
01:11:29,085 --> 01:11:31,555
It is a serious quest.
814
01:11:32,689 --> 01:11:34,290
Often a painful one.
815
01:11:44,934 --> 01:11:48,772
Two atomic bombs
three days apart.
816
01:11:48,805 --> 01:11:50,874
Japan has surrendered.
817
01:11:50,907 --> 01:11:54,444
And there's jubilation
around this earth.
818
01:12:00,984 --> 01:12:05,589
This is a story
that ends with a beginning.
819
01:12:08,157 --> 01:12:10,727
The old world was over,
820
01:12:11,961 --> 01:12:14,564
and a new figure emerged.
821
01:12:24,841 --> 01:12:27,577
It would become
the model for youth...
822
01:12:27,611 --> 01:12:29,913
that still exists today.
823
01:12:31,481 --> 01:12:32,916
The teenager.
824
01:12:42,692 --> 01:12:45,795
American culture kept
spreading around the world.
825
01:12:49,966 --> 01:12:52,502
They took away our weapons...
826
01:12:54,504 --> 01:12:57,407
and gave us Coca-Colas instead.
827
01:13:04,614 --> 01:13:07,617
The teenager
was an American invention.
828
01:13:10,053 --> 01:13:11,555
It's what we wanted to be.
829
01:13:15,625 --> 01:13:17,727
We knew we could be
blown up in an instant.
830
01:13:20,063 --> 01:13:22,532
So we lived in the now.
831
01:13:29,105 --> 01:13:32,742
Teenage was
a compromise solution.
832
01:13:34,243 --> 01:13:36,813
We got the freedom
we were looking for.
833
01:13:39,516 --> 01:13:41,785
But adults
still had some control.
834
01:13:46,823 --> 01:13:50,226
A lot of people try
to shape the future.
835
01:13:50,259 --> 01:13:52,228
Parents, the government,
836
01:13:52,261 --> 01:13:54,998
bankers, the police.
837
01:13:57,266 --> 01:13:59,803
But it's the young ones
who will live in it.
838
01:14:01,004 --> 01:14:04,708
And we are the ones
who will fight for it.
61018
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