Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000
Downloaded from
YTS.MX
2
00:00:02,320 --> 00:00:04,600
March, 1933.
3
00:00:04,960 --> 00:00:08,320
SA men storm a house in downtown Munich.
4
00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000
Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX
5
00:00:08,560 --> 00:00:11,120
The target of their attackis a newspaper.
6
00:00:12,960 --> 00:00:15,600
They devastate the editorial officesand the print room.
7
00:00:15,680 --> 00:00:18,480
They destroy the filesand the valuable archive.
8
00:00:20,080 --> 00:00:22,640
The attack does not targetan ordinary newspaper,
9
00:00:22,720 --> 00:00:24,240
but the Münchener Post.
10
00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:27,680
With its annihilationends a year-long struggle
11
00:00:27,760 --> 00:00:30,400
on Hitler's way to total power.
12
00:00:31,640 --> 00:00:33,120
The editorial staffof the Münchener Post
13
00:00:33,200 --> 00:00:36,560
had drawn the deep hatred of the Führeronto themselves.
14
00:00:38,320 --> 00:00:39,760
In the early 1920s,
15
00:00:39,840 --> 00:00:43,200
{\an8}hardly anyone takes Adolf Hitlerand his party seriously.
16
00:00:43,440 --> 00:00:45,440
{\an8}But the editorial staffof the Münchener Post
17
00:00:45,520 --> 00:00:48,400
recognized early onhow dangerous the Nazis really were.
18
00:00:50,240 --> 00:00:53,200
The Münchener Post was the only one
19
00:00:53,280 --> 00:00:59,360
who consistently did
something about Hitler from the start.
20
00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:01,360
It soon became obvious
21
00:01:01,600 --> 00:01:06,160
that these Nazis
were their enemy number one.
22
00:01:06,920 --> 00:01:08,800
Hitler hates the newspaper.
23
00:01:09,120 --> 00:01:11,520
He does everything in his powerto silence them.
24
00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:16,080
But until 1933, the editorial staffcan fight off his attacks.
25
00:01:16,160 --> 00:01:20,920
There was a certain anger.
Concessions were never made.
26
00:01:22,240 --> 00:01:27,120
The Münchener Post's unique and lonelyfight has almost been forgotten today.
27
00:01:27,440 --> 00:01:31,840
This is the first documentaryabout these brave journalists.
28
00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:34,560
HITLER'S BATTLE AGAINST THE PRESS
29
00:01:36,080 --> 00:01:38,400
The social democratic newspaper
30
00:01:38,480 --> 00:01:40,880
with headquarters in downtown Munichis accustomed to such attacks.
31
00:01:40,960 --> 00:01:43,440
They also target the editors personally.
32
00:01:46,240 --> 00:01:48,640
Martin Gruber, son of a typesetter
33
00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:52,000
who had been workingfor the newspaper since 1890.
34
00:01:52,400 --> 00:01:54,960
Editor-in-chief Erhard Auer has workedhis way up from a farm worker
35
00:01:55,040 --> 00:01:57,040
to chairman of the Bavarian SPD
36
00:01:57,120 --> 00:01:59,680
and member of the state parliament.
37
00:02:01,840 --> 00:02:06,560
The editorial staff includes a man whomade a name for himself as a worker poet.
38
00:02:06,640 --> 00:02:09,000
Julius Zerfaßis in charge of the feuilleton,
39
00:02:09,080 --> 00:02:11,360
which is extremely politicalunder his leadership
40
00:02:11,440 --> 00:02:13,840
and repeatedly provokes controversy.
41
00:02:18,160 --> 00:02:21,440
Eugen Kirchpfening,of whom no photo exists anymore,
42
00:02:21,520 --> 00:02:25,040
comes, like many of the newspaper'semployees, from a simple background.
43
00:02:25,680 --> 00:02:29,280
He loves his hometownand is passionately connected to Munich.
44
00:02:29,800 --> 00:02:31,920
The local pages are his department.
45
00:02:32,560 --> 00:02:36,320
In 1920, he takes overthe editorial office for a short time.
46
00:02:36,960 --> 00:02:39,320
In this position, Eugen Kirchpfening
47
00:02:39,400 --> 00:02:42,560
was the first editorto be sued by the Nazis.
48
00:02:45,760 --> 00:02:50,000
In 1927, Edmund Goldschaggjoins the editorial staff.
49
00:02:50,400 --> 00:02:54,080
He will have a decisive influenceon the newspaper's political line.
50
00:02:55,280 --> 00:02:58,560
{\an8}All these editors had something in common.
51
00:02:58,640 --> 00:03:01,600
{\an8}They became politically involved
at an early age,
52
00:03:01,680 --> 00:03:03,440
as social democrats.
53
00:03:03,760 --> 00:03:05,280
Not an easy commitment.
54
00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:08,080
In the revolutionary turmoilafter the end of the war,
55
00:03:08,160 --> 00:03:11,600
Bavaria has become a refugefor right-wing radical conspirators,
56
00:03:11,680 --> 00:03:14,720
monarchists and political assassins.
57
00:03:14,800 --> 00:03:16,320
{\an8}STATE PARLIAMENT UNDER POLICE SUPERVISION!
58
00:03:18,480 --> 00:03:21,280
{\an8}BAVARIA TO BECOME A HOHENZOLLERN PROVINCE?
59
00:03:22,400 --> 00:03:24,080
In the Munich right-wing milieu,
60
00:03:24,160 --> 00:03:27,680
the small party of Adolf Hitlerquickly gains new supporters.
61
00:03:28,160 --> 00:03:33,040
The NSDAP and the SA troops
62
00:03:33,280 --> 00:03:38,160
became more and more dangerous,louder and more and more popular.
63
00:03:38,240 --> 00:03:40,560
And the Münchener Post saw
64
00:03:40,880 --> 00:03:45,120
that the Bavarian government
did very little about it.
65
00:03:47,040 --> 00:03:48,480
Hitler and his followers
66
00:03:48,560 --> 00:03:53,040
are not considered a threat bythe conservative government in Bavaria.
67
00:03:56,720 --> 00:04:01,040
But the editors of the Münchener Post
see an anti-democratic storm
68
00:04:01,120 --> 00:04:04,880
brewing in the state capital of Munich.
69
00:04:05,600 --> 00:04:10,080
Veteran groups, home defenseassociations, former Freikorps fighters,
70
00:04:10,160 --> 00:04:13,440
various right-wing radicalsand monarchist groups
71
00:04:13,520 --> 00:04:16,160
want to eliminate the democratic system.
72
00:04:16,480 --> 00:04:22,040
Democracy is regarded as a Jewish system,introduced to corrupt Germany.
73
00:04:23,360 --> 00:04:28,400
Supporters of this ideology can also befound in the ruling Bavarian Volkspartei.
74
00:04:28,720 --> 00:04:31,680
Anti-Semitismis most radically represented by Hitler
75
00:04:31,760 --> 00:04:33,840
and his NSDAP.
76
00:04:38,080 --> 00:04:42,480
{\an8}The anti-Semitism of the NSDAP
and above all of Adolf Hitler
77
00:04:42,560 --> 00:04:45,920
was recognized by the Münchener Post,
by the editors of the Münchener Post
78
00:04:46,000 --> 00:04:48,480
and especially by Erhard Auer
very early on.
79
00:04:49,040 --> 00:04:54,320
As early as September 1920, Auer,
with a major political appearance
80
00:04:54,400 --> 00:04:59,360
turned against anti-Semitism
and was exposed to constant threats
81
00:04:59,440 --> 00:05:02,840
and accusations by Adolf Hitler
82
00:05:02,920 --> 00:05:05,840
in his appearances.
83
00:05:08,760 --> 00:05:11,760
It does not stop at insultsand verbal threats.
84
00:05:14,200 --> 00:05:16,080
In October 1921,
85
00:05:16,160 --> 00:05:19,840
Erhard Auer is on his wayhome to his family in the evening.
86
00:05:21,160 --> 00:05:25,280
Due to the constantly growing danger,he has been armed for some time.
87
00:05:31,840 --> 00:05:33,520
Suddenly, shots are fired.
88
00:05:33,600 --> 00:05:35,440
Right-wing radicals shoot at him.
89
00:05:35,840 --> 00:05:37,600
He returns fire.
90
00:05:40,240 --> 00:05:41,560
The attackers flee.
91
00:05:42,240 --> 00:05:43,920
Auer remains unharmed.
92
00:05:46,040 --> 00:05:49,280
Anti-Semitism is widespreadamong the population.
93
00:05:49,360 --> 00:05:50,800
The Nazis did not invent it.
94
00:05:51,520 --> 00:05:55,680
They used general resentmentsfor their political ideology
95
00:05:55,760 --> 00:05:59,520
and declared the fight against the Jewsto be their primary goal.
96
00:06:00,880 --> 00:06:03,200
The Münchener Post is fighting this.
97
00:06:05,840 --> 00:06:08,720
{\an8}For the Münchener Post,
98
00:06:08,960 --> 00:06:11,720
anti-Semitism was a very important point.
99
00:06:12,240 --> 00:06:14,320
I find it very interesting
100
00:06:14,400 --> 00:06:20,320
that the newspaper
has always fought on two fronts.
101
00:06:20,400 --> 00:06:21,680
On the one hand
102
00:06:22,200 --> 00:06:25,960
{\an8}against Hitler and his party,
103
00:06:26,560 --> 00:06:29,920
{\an8}but also against the Bavarian governments.
104
00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:34,960
For the conservative Catholic governmentin Bavaria, the enemy is on the left.
105
00:06:35,280 --> 00:06:38,280
And that includesthe newspaper's printing presses.
106
00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:43,520
Hitler wants to useall legal and illegal means
107
00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:46,160
to silence the editorsof the Münchener Post.
108
00:06:47,120 --> 00:06:51,040
And the state governmentopenly shows sympathy for the Nazis.
109
00:06:51,440 --> 00:06:55,280
It sees in them patriotic forcesthat want to give Germany relevance
110
00:06:55,360 --> 00:06:57,280
and greatness again.
111
00:07:03,200 --> 00:07:05,200
{\an8}Hitler is not so important yet.
112
00:07:05,280 --> 00:07:07,600
{\an8}You can always see him around as well.
113
00:07:07,680 --> 00:07:10,960
{\an8}"Yes, he's radical,
but that's the way the youth is.
114
00:07:11,040 --> 00:07:15,160
{\an8}They're also patriotic
and they're for the military."
115
00:07:15,680 --> 00:07:18,840
The Münchener Post
criticizes this downplaying.
116
00:07:19,440 --> 00:07:23,080
It is the lonely struggleof a small social democratic newspaper.
117
00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:28,320
Then, almost all papers were in the handsof political parties or close to them.
118
00:07:28,400 --> 00:07:30,720
The Post only reaches a minority.
119
00:07:31,040 --> 00:07:33,840
But that doesn't meanit's giving up the fight.
120
00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:38,320
They are the only ones who have
consistently, since the Nazis existed,
121
00:07:38,400 --> 00:07:43,360
reported on them
and exposed them wherever possible.
122
00:07:43,520 --> 00:07:45,600
This means that the newspaperdoesn't only
123
00:07:45,680 --> 00:07:47,520
deal with the politics of the Nazi party,
124
00:07:47,760 --> 00:07:50,200
but also with its Führer.
125
00:07:54,560 --> 00:07:59,360
The Münchener Post also dealt with
a subject that was taboo for Hitler.
126
00:07:59,440 --> 00:08:02,480
Hitler had no profession.
127
00:08:02,560 --> 00:08:05,520
He had no real job.
128
00:08:05,760 --> 00:08:10,400
And one did not know exactly
how he made his living.
129
00:08:10,480 --> 00:08:15,680
And the Münchener Post has repeatedlypublished texts on this subject.
130
00:08:15,760 --> 00:08:19,760
One can imagine that he was really angry.
131
00:08:20,000 --> 00:08:24,480
The Post editors questionformer war comrades of Hitler and write,
132
00:08:24,960 --> 00:08:26,880
"It is true that Hitlerwas already considered
133
00:08:26,960 --> 00:08:31,440
a hysterical, pathological personalityamong his comrades."
134
00:08:37,120 --> 00:08:40,960
Even in the NSDAP,some do not agree with Hitler.
135
00:08:41,040 --> 00:08:44,400
They pass on information about his income
136
00:08:44,480 --> 00:08:47,280
and his dictatorial leadership styleto the Münchener Post.
137
00:08:47,600 --> 00:08:49,440
Hitler sues against this article.
138
00:08:50,000 --> 00:08:53,440
{\an8}The responsible editor Eugen Kirchpfeningis sentenced
139
00:08:53,520 --> 00:08:57,840
and has to pay 600 Reichsmarkin penalties to the NSDAP leader.
140
00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:00,880
But the Münchener Post
is not intimidated by this.
141
00:09:01,320 --> 00:09:03,760
The fight against the Nazis continues.
142
00:09:04,720 --> 00:09:06,960
The conflicts in Germanyare intensifying.
143
00:09:07,440 --> 00:09:10,200
France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area
144
00:09:10,280 --> 00:09:13,760
because Germany is in arrearswith its reparation payments.
145
00:09:14,440 --> 00:09:17,760
The Reich governmentpropagates passive resistance
146
00:09:17,840 --> 00:09:22,560
and has to pay the wages of 2.000striking workers in the Ruhr area.
147
00:09:23,040 --> 00:09:26,960
The Ruhr struggle plunges the wholeof Germany into gigantic inflation.
148
00:09:27,520 --> 00:09:30,000
The nationaliststake advantage of the situation.
149
00:09:30,080 --> 00:09:33,320
They sense indecision and treason.
150
00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:38,160
They blame democracy and the Jewsfor Germany's situation.
151
00:09:38,480 --> 00:09:41,920
Adolf Hitler sees part of the blamewith the Münchener Post.
152
00:09:43,120 --> 00:09:46,400
"Mr. Auer, with your spewing filthat Altheimer Eck,
153
00:09:46,480 --> 00:09:50,720
you bear a large part of the blamefor today's misery of the German people."
154
00:09:51,200 --> 00:09:54,560
"Mr. Auer,you have accepted money from the kikes.
155
00:09:54,640 --> 00:09:56,840
You sold yourself to the Jews."
156
00:09:58,160 --> 00:10:00,880
Hitler describes the Münchener Post
as "devil's workshop",
157
00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:03,440
as "Munich plague",as "Jewish scribble".
158
00:10:04,120 --> 00:10:07,040
The attacks on the editorial staffare increasing.
159
00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:10,200
NEW ATTACK AGAINST THE MÜNCHENER POST
160
00:10:10,280 --> 00:10:12,160
This newspaper could be fought
161
00:10:12,240 --> 00:10:14,960
{\an8}by simply having a Nazi battalion
162
00:10:15,040 --> 00:10:18,320
{\an8}go down the street
and smash the windows,
163
00:10:18,400 --> 00:10:20,880
{\an8}by trying to break the door,
164
00:10:20,960 --> 00:10:25,040
and then trying to destroy
the editorial offices.
165
00:10:25,120 --> 00:10:29,000
Or to personally attack the people
who worked there.
166
00:10:30,880 --> 00:10:33,520
The editors try to protect themselvesas best they can.
167
00:10:33,600 --> 00:10:35,360
The doors are barricaded.
168
00:10:35,440 --> 00:10:38,360
Guards check passers-by on the street.
169
00:10:38,440 --> 00:10:41,800
The newspaper's protective measuresdon't stay hidden from the police.
170
00:10:43,760 --> 00:10:46,960
{\an8}At the end of September,
a raid took place in the building
171
00:10:47,040 --> 00:10:51,920
{\an8}of the Münchener Post,
where several weapons were found,
172
00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:55,520
which were probably stored there
for self-protection.
173
00:10:55,600 --> 00:11:00,160
And because of this weapons find,
the Münchener Post was prevented
174
00:11:00,800 --> 00:11:03,600
from being published
at the beginning of October.
175
00:11:04,080 --> 00:11:06,920
Can the newspaper survivethis constant threat?
176
00:11:07,920 --> 00:11:09,760
When the right wing attacks again,
177
00:11:09,840 --> 00:11:13,440
even hand grenades land in the roomsof the Münchener Post.
178
00:11:23,280 --> 00:11:25,000
The grenades do not explode.
179
00:11:25,520 --> 00:11:26,800
They were duds.
180
00:11:27,520 --> 00:11:30,600
The tension in Munichand in the editorial office is rising.
181
00:11:31,040 --> 00:11:34,800
Several times in 1923, they areon the verge of a right-wing coup.
182
00:11:35,120 --> 00:11:37,680
The editors research tirelessly.
183
00:11:38,000 --> 00:11:41,320
What will the Reichswehr doin the event of an attempted coup?
184
00:11:41,600 --> 00:11:42,920
What will Berlin do?
185
00:11:43,520 --> 00:11:46,000
The Münchener Post
keeps issuing warnings.
186
00:11:49,680 --> 00:11:54,680
Throughout the year 1923,
the Münchener Post
187
00:11:55,120 --> 00:11:59,360
{\an8}repeatedly published texts
on the mobilization
188
00:11:59,920 --> 00:12:04,000
{\an8}of right-wing groups, the NSDAP,
189
00:12:04,400 --> 00:12:07,920
paramilitary organizations,
190
00:12:08,160 --> 00:12:11,120
and wrote a text which said
191
00:12:11,360 --> 00:12:15,920
that Hitler and Ludendorffare the leaders of this movement.
192
00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:19,840
It repeatedly admonished
the Bavarian government.
193
00:12:21,240 --> 00:12:24,320
The Bavarian governmentdoes not want to see this danger.
194
00:12:25,040 --> 00:12:28,760
The conservatives there are themselvesplanning a coup in Berlin.
195
00:12:30,160 --> 00:12:32,880
General State CommissionerGustav von Kahr
196
00:12:32,960 --> 00:12:36,000
is endowed with almost unlimited powers.
197
00:12:37,120 --> 00:12:39,600
He governs Bavariathrough emergency regulations.
198
00:12:41,960 --> 00:12:47,200
Kahr enacts measures to expel many Jews
199
00:12:47,280 --> 00:12:50,960
from the East, even if they,
for 20 years,
200
00:12:51,040 --> 00:12:55,200
{\an8}had been residents of Munich.
And the Münchener Post reports about it.
201
00:12:55,280 --> 00:12:57,600
{\an8}And that is the reason
why he bans them.
202
00:12:57,680 --> 00:13:03,280
This is how it goes.But then he gives in.
203
00:13:03,360 --> 00:13:05,920
He demands that they humbly apologize,
204
00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:07,520
which they do.
205
00:13:07,600 --> 00:13:11,760
They of course never meantto offend the General State Commissioner.
206
00:13:11,840 --> 00:13:15,520
After that,
he allows them again for the time being.
207
00:13:15,920 --> 00:13:21,040
He was an arch-conservative politician,
a lawyer,
208
00:13:21,120 --> 00:13:23,920
a monarchist, an anti-Semite.
209
00:13:24,480 --> 00:13:30,880
And for him it was much more important
to take action against left-wing groups
210
00:13:30,960 --> 00:13:32,320
than against right-wing ones.
211
00:13:33,280 --> 00:13:34,560
With von Kahr's approval,
212
00:13:34,640 --> 00:13:38,640
the Reichswehr in Bavaria supportsright-wing paramilitary groups
213
00:13:38,720 --> 00:13:40,440
and equips them.
214
00:13:40,960 --> 00:13:45,200
Contacts are established withright-wing groups throughout Germany.
215
00:13:45,520 --> 00:13:50,560
Alliances are forged to overthrow theso-called Jewish government in Berlin.
216
00:13:51,280 --> 00:13:55,400
But the Nazis are not includedin the plans of Bavarian conservatives.
217
00:13:55,720 --> 00:13:57,200
Von Kahr and his comrades
218
00:13:57,280 --> 00:14:00,480
do not intend to involve Hitlerand Ludendorff in power.
219
00:14:01,520 --> 00:14:04,720
On the eighth of November,von Kahr invites to a large meeting
220
00:14:04,800 --> 00:14:06,960
in the Bürgerbräu Keller.
221
00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:09,960
The Nazis also mobilize.
222
00:14:10,560 --> 00:14:14,560
The various nationalist groupsare not yet in agreement.
223
00:14:17,280 --> 00:14:19,840
Will this be the starting signalfor the march on Berlin,
224
00:14:19,920 --> 00:14:21,920
which is often talked about?
225
00:14:22,960 --> 00:14:25,120
Those present expect decisions.
226
00:14:28,320 --> 00:14:30,800
Then, the SA suddenly storms the room.
227
00:14:31,040 --> 00:14:32,960
With his pistol drawn, Hitler forces
228
00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:37,680
the most important men of the Bavariangovernment to enter a back room with him.
229
00:14:37,920 --> 00:14:42,560
It is announced that the men in the backroom have reached an agreement.
230
00:14:42,640 --> 00:14:46,360
They proclaima joint national government.
231
00:14:46,800 --> 00:14:51,040
The Hitler shock troopsare already roaming the city.
232
00:14:52,560 --> 00:14:56,400
{\an8}Hitler's elite troops assumed
233
00:14:56,480 --> 00:14:59,280
{\an8}that the leading figures
of the Bavarian Volkspartei
234
00:14:59,360 --> 00:15:01,840
{\an8}and the German Nationalists
would take part in the coup.
235
00:15:01,920 --> 00:15:07,200
Leading Nazis assumed the only resistance
would come from the Social Democrats,
236
00:15:07,280 --> 00:15:09,520
who had no idea,
who were not actually informed.
237
00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:14,080
Now the Nazis are settling the scorewith the hated Münchener Post.
238
00:15:14,400 --> 00:15:17,040
The Hitler shock troopstorms the editorial office.
239
00:15:17,120 --> 00:15:19,320
Hermann Göring is their leader.
240
00:15:20,720 --> 00:15:25,920
Göring was SA leader at that time.
A troop went in under Göring,
241
00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:28,320
also on the evening of the Hitler coup.
242
00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:30,560
They destroyed everything there.
243
00:15:31,200 --> 00:15:34,160
They search and ravagethe editorial rooms
244
00:15:34,240 --> 00:15:37,200
and take with themwhat might be of value to them.
245
00:15:37,840 --> 00:15:41,520
Göring's men have been instructedto leave the printing presses intact.
246
00:15:41,600 --> 00:15:45,920
For the new rulers, these machinesmight come in handy, the Nazis believe.
247
00:15:47,680 --> 00:15:51,200
But the assault on the Münchener Post
misses an important target.
248
00:15:51,760 --> 00:15:54,560
The Nazis do not find any editors.
249
00:15:54,960 --> 00:15:56,440
Were they warned?
250
00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:04,080
One division drives to the apartmentof editor-in-chief Erhard Auer.
251
00:16:05,440 --> 00:16:08,320
A search of the apartment took place,
252
00:16:08,880 --> 00:16:10,720
during which furniture was smashed.
253
00:16:10,800 --> 00:16:15,760
Erhard Auer's wife was also threatened,
254
00:16:15,840 --> 00:16:19,120
{\an8}as were his daughters
and even his grandchild.
255
00:16:19,200 --> 00:16:24,160
{\an8}The two and a half year old grandchild
was thrown out of bed.
256
00:16:24,400 --> 00:16:28,560
The only male person found
257
00:16:28,640 --> 00:16:30,960
was Auer's son-in-law, Karl Luber,
258
00:16:31,040 --> 00:16:35,360
who was then taken hostageby Hitler's shock troop
259
00:16:35,440 --> 00:16:38,080
and taken to the Bürgerbräu Keller.
260
00:16:39,680 --> 00:16:42,960
The situation changed that night.
261
00:16:43,040 --> 00:16:46,800
Posters announcea new national government,
262
00:16:46,880 --> 00:16:48,720
but von Kahr learns on the phone
263
00:16:48,800 --> 00:16:52,800
that the Reichswehr is not taking partin the coup outside Bavaria.
264
00:16:53,200 --> 00:16:57,360
Thereupon, von Kahr gives instructionsto resist the coup d'état.
265
00:16:57,600 --> 00:17:01,200
Hitler will never forgive this betrayal.
266
00:17:02,400 --> 00:17:04,320
The situation in Munich is still unclear.
267
00:17:04,720 --> 00:17:08,680
With a march through the city, Hitlerand Ludendorff want to turn the tide.
268
00:17:09,120 --> 00:17:11,760
Ernst Röhm, up to this datecaptain of the Reichswehr,
269
00:17:11,840 --> 00:17:14,760
and a right-wing radical studentnamed Heinrich Himmler
270
00:17:14,840 --> 00:17:17,760
entrench themselves with SA menin the War Ministry.
271
00:17:18,280 --> 00:17:21,160
But the march of the Hitler followersis stopped at the Feldherrenhalle
272
00:17:21,240 --> 00:17:23,640
by the Bavarian state police.
273
00:17:23,720 --> 00:17:25,120
Shots are fired.
274
00:17:28,640 --> 00:17:31,800
The coup collapses with the shotsfired at the Feldherrenhalle.
275
00:17:32,400 --> 00:17:35,600
Hitler manages to escapebut is arrested soon afterwards.
276
00:17:36,840 --> 00:17:39,080
The Münchener Post is cleaned up.
277
00:17:40,480 --> 00:17:43,520
Original photos of the devastationhave been preserved.
278
00:17:44,240 --> 00:17:46,960
The files and the archivehave been destroyed,
279
00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:49,640
very importantfor the work of a newspaper.
280
00:17:51,360 --> 00:17:54,480
The Münchener Post
is on the brink of extinction.
281
00:17:54,800 --> 00:17:57,720
But the damage is repairedwith great effort.
282
00:18:00,240 --> 00:18:02,480
The perseverance of the editors
283
00:18:02,560 --> 00:18:06,480
and Auer's optimism are indestructible.
284
00:18:07,600 --> 00:18:10,160
He was always surethat things would work out.
285
00:18:10,240 --> 00:18:12,960
{\an8}That was indeed the case.
286
00:18:13,040 --> 00:18:17,600
{\an8}The newspaper was destroyed in the night
from the eighth to the ninth of November.
287
00:18:17,680 --> 00:18:22,800
The next day, there was a provisional
edition of the Münchener Post.
288
00:18:23,720 --> 00:18:25,520
In the beginning of 1924,
289
00:18:25,600 --> 00:18:28,080
under strict security measures,
290
00:18:28,160 --> 00:18:31,960
the high treason trial against Hitlerand his co-conspirators begins.
291
00:18:32,480 --> 00:18:33,840
The same court
292
00:18:33,920 --> 00:18:38,480
which had judged very harshly againstthe actors of the defeated Räterepublik
293
00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:40,720
is trying this casein a very different manner.
294
00:18:41,120 --> 00:18:45,440
It attests Hitler and his accomplicesnoble patriotic motives.
295
00:18:46,160 --> 00:18:49,000
He is allowed to explain his world viewin detail.
296
00:18:49,440 --> 00:18:52,080
On the attack on the Münchener Post,he declares:
297
00:18:52,640 --> 00:18:55,600
"What the Münchener Post
has perpetrated on the German nation,
298
00:18:55,680 --> 00:19:00,240
all these years, thousandsof destructions cannot make up for."
299
00:19:01,680 --> 00:19:03,360
Ultimately,the court imposes an extremely
300
00:19:03,440 --> 00:19:06,040
mild punishment for the attempted coup.
301
00:19:06,120 --> 00:19:10,720
The Münchener Post can only say that"Bavarian justice has come to an end".
302
00:19:14,720 --> 00:19:18,880
In his comfortable prison cell,Hitler writes his book "Mein Kampf".
303
00:19:20,360 --> 00:19:23,440
{\an8}The Bavarian state government says
304
00:19:23,520 --> 00:19:27,400
{\an8}that it is the government of a republic
305
00:19:28,240 --> 00:19:31,600
{\an8}and therefore represents
democratic interests.
306
00:19:31,680 --> 00:19:35,840
In reality, however,
they had a tongue-in-cheek agreement
307
00:19:35,920 --> 00:19:39,760
with the plotters and with all those
308
00:19:39,840 --> 00:19:41,600
who actually wanted
to abolish the republic.
309
00:19:42,320 --> 00:19:45,360
At the Isar river,government and judiciary are determined
310
00:19:45,440 --> 00:19:47,640
to leave Hitler alone.
311
00:19:48,280 --> 00:19:50,640
He has no German citizenship.
312
00:19:50,720 --> 00:19:52,880
Actually, he should be deported.
313
00:19:53,280 --> 00:19:54,960
That does not happen either.
314
00:19:55,840 --> 00:19:59,800
After not even nine months in prison,Hitler is back on the loose again.
315
00:20:00,160 --> 00:20:04,120
The editors of the Münchener Post
get to keep their main opponent.
316
00:20:04,960 --> 00:20:08,520
They discuss how Hitler can be harmedwith the means of a newspaper
317
00:20:08,600 --> 00:20:12,400
and try to discredit himwith his nationalist supporters.
318
00:20:13,000 --> 00:20:17,200
For example, for his good relationswith the Italian dictator Mussolini.
319
00:20:17,600 --> 00:20:21,200
It is about South Tyrol,which has been annexed by Italy.
320
00:20:21,280 --> 00:20:23,200
HITLER'S TREACHERY AGAINST SOUTH TYROL
321
00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:25,760
The Münchener Post tried
322
00:20:25,840 --> 00:20:30,040
to cut the ground from under
the right-wing nationalists' feet
323
00:20:30,120 --> 00:20:32,920
by using nationalistic arguments.
324
00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:35,760
The Münchener Post claimed
325
00:20:35,840 --> 00:20:38,560
that Social Democrats are better Germans
326
00:20:38,640 --> 00:20:41,200
than, for example,
the National Socialists.
327
00:20:41,280 --> 00:20:47,600
The National Socialists,
who are in dialogue with Mussolini,
328
00:20:47,680 --> 00:20:50,960
for example,
are giving up South Tyrol to the Italians.
329
00:20:51,040 --> 00:20:54,960
We as good Germans, as genuine Germans,
as genuine nationalists,
330
00:20:55,040 --> 00:20:58,400
are of the opinion that South Tyrol
is good German land.
331
00:20:58,480 --> 00:21:01,280
It should not simply
be given to Mussolini.
332
00:21:02,400 --> 00:21:05,840
The newspaper writes that Hitlerreceived money from Mussolini.
333
00:21:06,400 --> 00:21:09,360
For this statement, the headof the feuilleton, Julius Zerfaß,
334
00:21:09,440 --> 00:21:14,000
is sentenced to 1,000 Reichsmarksin damages, payable to Hitler.
335
00:21:14,600 --> 00:21:18,080
Nationalist thinkingwas common at the time.
336
00:21:18,160 --> 00:21:21,680
Also the editorial staff ofthe Münchener Post is not free of it.
337
00:21:22,040 --> 00:21:23,680
But despite all patriotic love,
338
00:21:23,760 --> 00:21:29,000
there are limits experienced journalistslike Martin Gruber would never cross.
339
00:21:29,600 --> 00:21:34,320
Martin Gruber
was the oldest editor at the Post.
340
00:21:34,400 --> 00:21:36,640
He came to the newspaper very early,
341
00:21:36,720 --> 00:21:41,200
at the end of the 19th century.
342
00:21:42,400 --> 00:21:44,880
I would say he was
a very courageous person.
343
00:21:44,960 --> 00:21:50,400
He also wrote critical texts
very early on,
344
00:21:50,880 --> 00:21:55,760
against the Kaiser's
expansionist policies.
345
00:21:55,840 --> 00:21:59,360
That's why he went to prison once.
346
00:21:59,440 --> 00:22:01,520
It was said that he hada good sense of humor
347
00:22:01,600 --> 00:22:03,760
and that he was apparently
a very good speaker.
348
00:22:04,400 --> 00:22:07,280
The nationalist media spread the legend
349
00:22:07,360 --> 00:22:11,440
that the World War had been lostbecause the undefeated army
350
00:22:11,520 --> 00:22:14,240
had been stabbed in the backby traitors in the home country.
351
00:22:14,320 --> 00:22:16,160
This is the Dolchstoß legend.
352
00:22:16,240 --> 00:22:18,960
In truth,even the top army leadership had declared
353
00:22:19,040 --> 00:22:23,040
that the situation was desperateand had urged politics to make peace.
354
00:22:23,120 --> 00:22:25,440
But the military denies this.
355
00:22:26,080 --> 00:22:30,480
In 1924, Paul Nikolaus Kossmann,an influential nationalist author,
356
00:22:30,560 --> 00:22:34,160
once again spreadin South German monthly magazines
357
00:22:34,240 --> 00:22:36,800
the Dolchstoß legend.
358
00:22:38,800 --> 00:22:42,080
Gruber writes a sharp opposing article.
359
00:22:42,400 --> 00:22:46,000
He describes Kossmann's textas a falsification of history.
360
00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:47,680
A provocation.
361
00:22:47,760 --> 00:22:50,400
Kossmann files charges for insult.
362
00:22:51,360 --> 00:22:53,040
Gruber has to appearin front of the court.
363
00:22:53,360 --> 00:22:55,200
The trial makes waves.
364
00:22:55,560 --> 00:22:59,720
The small Münchener Post becomes knownbeyond the borders of Germany.
365
00:23:07,440 --> 00:23:12,240
{\an8}Editor-in-chief Auer, the poet Zerfaßand the experienced journalist Gruber
366
00:23:12,320 --> 00:23:15,200
all repeatedly become victims of attacks
367
00:23:15,280 --> 00:23:16,840
and resign themselves to it.
368
00:23:17,200 --> 00:23:21,280
For this reason, the authors of articlesare not mentioned in the newspaper.
369
00:23:21,760 --> 00:23:23,680
Hitler rages against the newspaper.
370
00:23:23,760 --> 00:23:26,480
His thugs repeatedly attack the editors.
371
00:23:26,800 --> 00:23:29,280
In 1925, the small newspaper is
372
00:23:29,360 --> 00:23:32,440
at the forefront of defending democracy.
373
00:23:34,480 --> 00:23:35,920
In the trial against Martin Gruber,
374
00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:39,040
the Münchener Post is in the lightof the world public.
375
00:23:39,120 --> 00:23:41,760
It deals with central questionsof German politics.
376
00:23:41,840 --> 00:23:43,840
How did the empire fall?
377
00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:45,600
Was there a stab in the back,a Dolchstoß?
378
00:23:45,680 --> 00:23:48,000
Or did the army leadership itself declare
379
00:23:48,080 --> 00:23:50,000
at the timethat the front would collapse?
380
00:23:50,400 --> 00:23:54,720
Did the Social Democrats support warfare,preserving the state?
381
00:23:54,800 --> 00:23:57,160
Or did they commit treasonagainst their fatherland?
382
00:23:58,080 --> 00:24:04,400
{\an8}All the newspapers throughout Germany
reported on this.
383
00:24:04,480 --> 00:24:08,800
And also abroad.
Even the New York Times reported on it.
384
00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:12,640
Because this was
a very interesting discussion.
385
00:24:12,720 --> 00:24:15,120
How did Germany lose the war?
386
00:24:16,720 --> 00:24:19,440
There is heated discussionin the corridors of the court.
387
00:24:19,840 --> 00:24:23,680
Gruber hopes for informationfrom the Reich government that will prove
388
00:24:23,760 --> 00:24:27,120
how desperate the military leadershipregarded the situation.
389
00:24:27,360 --> 00:24:31,360
But the governmentrefuses the publication. State secret.
390
00:24:31,840 --> 00:24:35,200
{\an8}And this process
actually proved quite clearly
391
00:24:35,280 --> 00:24:39,080
{\an8}that the Dolchstoß was an invention
of the right-wing nationalists.
392
00:24:39,600 --> 00:24:42,320
{\an8}Nevertheless,
the judge sentenced Martin Gruber,
393
00:24:42,400 --> 00:24:46,480
the responsible editor
of the Münchener Post,
394
00:24:46,800 --> 00:24:50,560
to a reasonably mild penalty,
395
00:24:50,640 --> 00:24:55,280
because the court, like the entire
executive branch in Bavaria,
396
00:24:55,360 --> 00:24:58,400
had secret sympathies
for the right-wing nationalists.
397
00:24:58,480 --> 00:25:00,080
In other words, he had to be sentenced.
398
00:25:01,280 --> 00:25:03,920
The court finds that Kossmannwas merely erring
399
00:25:04,000 --> 00:25:07,360
when he wrotethat the Social Democrats were there
400
00:25:07,440 --> 00:25:10,320
when revolutionariesstabbed the army in the back.
401
00:25:10,400 --> 00:25:14,000
Gruber must not callthese writings lies and forgeries.
402
00:25:14,320 --> 00:25:17,520
Although the Münchener Post
feels like a moral winner,
403
00:25:18,480 --> 00:25:21,680
the Dolchstoß propagandaof the Nazis continues.
404
00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:27,120
They don't let the so-called Jewish paperdissuade them from their truth.
405
00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:33,280
Martin Gruber also tried
to argue in the Dolchstoß trial,
406
00:25:34,080 --> 00:25:39,120
only that arguments are often
not in demand in a political dispute,
407
00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:42,320
but often, the louder voice is in demand,
408
00:25:42,400 --> 00:25:46,560
or whoever simply threatens
to strike soon.
409
00:25:46,640 --> 00:25:50,960
These are actually more decisive arguments
than a differentiated analysis.
410
00:25:52,960 --> 00:25:57,920
The editors of the Münchener Post readthe publications of the Nazis thoroughly.
411
00:25:58,000 --> 00:26:00,480
And they register a change of course.
412
00:26:00,880 --> 00:26:04,240
Hitler no longer strivesfor a violent overthrow.
413
00:26:04,680 --> 00:26:07,360
He wants to come to powerwith legal means.
414
00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:13,320
He also became attractiveto bourgeois circles.
415
00:26:13,880 --> 00:26:16,920
Some entrepreneurs have supported himfinancially for a long time.
416
00:26:17,400 --> 00:26:20,400
Now he becomes an interlocutorfor industrialists
417
00:26:20,480 --> 00:26:22,920
and the high society.
418
00:26:24,080 --> 00:26:27,960
During this time, EdmundGoldschagg joins the Münchener Post.
419
00:26:28,320 --> 00:26:30,800
The experienced journalistcomes just in time,
420
00:26:30,880 --> 00:26:33,920
because Erhard Auer is often absentdue to his many political functions
421
00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:37,840
as a member of parliamentand party chairman.
422
00:26:40,080 --> 00:26:42,800
Goldschagg finds himselfin a difficult situation.
423
00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:47,280
He has to keep the editorial teamtogether while Social Democrats
424
00:26:47,360 --> 00:26:50,880
are fighting fiercelybetween the various factions.
425
00:26:52,560 --> 00:26:58,480
Goldschagg is described
as a very polite person.
426
00:26:58,560 --> 00:27:02,240
He came from Berlinand quickly discovered
427
00:27:02,320 --> 00:27:05,840
that there were different groups
within the newspaper.
428
00:27:05,920 --> 00:27:09,360
But for him it was important
to have a good relationship
429
00:27:09,760 --> 00:27:11,200
with everyone.
430
00:27:12,080 --> 00:27:16,080
And he has to get used to the wayof living and working in Bavaria.
431
00:27:16,880 --> 00:27:19,920
Also at the Münchener Post,many decisions are made
432
00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:22,240
at regular meetings.
433
00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:24,880
The newspaper entertainstwo such meetings.
434
00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:28,800
Goldschagg attends bothwith a Prussian sense of duty.
435
00:27:33,360 --> 00:27:36,960
The editors often have to workin the beer cellars.
436
00:27:37,200 --> 00:27:39,080
That's where politics takes place.
437
00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:41,440
Also that of the Nazis.
438
00:27:42,560 --> 00:27:48,480
It is the case
that the editors of the Post often spied.
439
00:27:48,640 --> 00:27:52,080
They spied on NSDAP events.
440
00:27:52,160 --> 00:27:57,200
But I believe what was also veryimportant for the reporting of the Post
441
00:27:57,280 --> 00:28:00,560
was the fact
442
00:28:00,640 --> 00:28:05,280
that they had informants within the NSDAP.
443
00:28:06,960 --> 00:28:11,840
The Münchener Post's informationabout all events in the city is so good
444
00:28:11,920 --> 00:28:15,040
that people talk of Auer'ssecret service.
445
00:28:16,720 --> 00:28:21,040
The newspaper does not limit itselfto what the Nazis announce publicly.
446
00:28:25,680 --> 00:28:29,360
Erhard Auer is not squeamishwhen it comes to obtaining news.
447
00:28:29,520 --> 00:28:33,120
{\an8}In part, Auer also used other means
448
00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:35,440
{\an8}to obtain information,
449
00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:39,920
{\an8}namely by purchasing information
from the right-wing camp,
450
00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:43,440
by trying to obtain information
451
00:28:43,520 --> 00:28:48,720
through potential dropouts
from the right-wing camp,
452
00:28:48,800 --> 00:28:51,520
and not just by observation.
453
00:28:52,560 --> 00:28:53,880
With cunning and deception,
454
00:28:53,960 --> 00:28:55,840
journalists ofthe Münchener Post obtain
455
00:28:55,920 --> 00:28:59,600
information about the secret armingof the right.
456
00:29:00,240 --> 00:29:03,680
Because the Versailles Treatyonly allows an army of 100,000 men,
457
00:29:03,920 --> 00:29:08,400
the Reichswehr regards the groupsas an unofficial reserve.
458
00:29:08,480 --> 00:29:10,480
It gives weapons to these groups,
459
00:29:10,560 --> 00:29:13,600
for practiceand for the event of a civil war.
460
00:29:13,840 --> 00:29:16,240
In an unusual way, a machine gun
461
00:29:16,320 --> 00:29:20,800
from the right-wing groups reachesthe offices of the Münchener Post.
462
00:29:22,400 --> 00:29:27,920
{\an8}And then some Social Democrats
dressed up as bourgeois,
463
00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:30,720
{\an8}practiced an authoritarian tone,
464
00:29:30,800 --> 00:29:36,240
{\an8}went there and said: "We are
from a right-wing nationalist group
465
00:29:36,320 --> 00:29:38,560
and we want to pick up the machine gun."
466
00:29:38,640 --> 00:29:41,520
And they were handed the machine gun.
467
00:29:41,680 --> 00:29:45,200
That was, of course,a giant triumph and was later described
468
00:29:45,280 --> 00:29:46,800
very beautifully in the Münchener Post.
469
00:29:48,640 --> 00:29:52,640
When it comes to Hitler,the Münchener Post has little scruples.
470
00:29:55,280 --> 00:30:00,480
The more spectacular the headlineand the more detrimental the statement,
471
00:30:00,560 --> 00:30:01,840
the better.
472
00:30:01,920 --> 00:30:04,160
NATIONAL SOCIALIST TREASON
473
00:30:04,240 --> 00:30:08,000
The motivation was to circulate
as incriminating material as possible
474
00:30:08,080 --> 00:30:10,880
against the political opponent,
475
00:30:11,200 --> 00:30:16,880
which was ultimately due to
the brutal confrontation with the NSDAP,
476
00:30:16,960 --> 00:30:21,760
which manifested itself in sometimesdaily fights in the streets of Munich.
477
00:30:21,840 --> 00:30:26,400
To this end,
also wrong information was circulated.
478
00:30:27,840 --> 00:30:31,440
In Munich, friend and foehave always been connected.
479
00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:35,600
There is a give and takeand a widespread esteem
480
00:30:35,680 --> 00:30:39,360
for cultivated shrewdnessand dignified coarseness.
481
00:30:39,760 --> 00:30:43,360
Erhard Auer is the right personfor this environment.
482
00:30:44,560 --> 00:30:50,560
The other side of Erhard Auer is that he,
as a Lower Bavarian rascal,
483
00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:54,160
also controlled his informants.
484
00:30:54,240 --> 00:30:57,440
Auer's secret service worked quite well,
485
00:30:57,520 --> 00:30:59,840
because he said:
486
00:30:59,920 --> 00:31:03,040
"If you tell me anything,
it will stay between us."
487
00:31:03,120 --> 00:31:05,760
It was in the Münchener Post
the next day,
488
00:31:05,840 --> 00:31:08,080
but that was another chapter.
489
00:31:08,160 --> 00:31:14,320
He always relied on a level
of personal dependencies, of favors.
490
00:31:14,400 --> 00:31:16,960
One has to think of Mafia structures.
491
00:31:18,720 --> 00:31:20,760
The Münchener Post
also has no inhibitions
492
00:31:20,840 --> 00:31:23,440
to attack Hitler's private life.
493
00:31:25,040 --> 00:31:27,920
The Führer of the National Socialistshas a niece
494
00:31:28,240 --> 00:31:30,520
who lives with him on the same floor.
495
00:31:34,080 --> 00:31:36,680
Geli Raubal, a young girl.
496
00:31:37,840 --> 00:31:40,400
The nature of their relationshipis never clarified.
497
00:31:44,960 --> 00:31:48,080
In September 1931, Geli Raubal dies.
498
00:31:49,040 --> 00:31:52,280
Suicide is suspected,with Hitler's pistol.
499
00:31:52,800 --> 00:31:54,240
MISS GELI RAUBAL
SHOT WITH HITLER'S FIREARM
500
00:31:54,320 --> 00:31:58,000
Information is leakedto the Münchener Post.
501
00:31:58,800 --> 00:32:03,840
{\an8}The Münchener Post received information
from the police
502
00:32:03,920 --> 00:32:08,560
{\an8}and published in detail
503
00:32:08,640 --> 00:32:14,400
how the body was found,
what the body looked like.
504
00:32:14,480 --> 00:32:19,680
They also published information
about a discussion
505
00:32:19,760 --> 00:32:22,480
between the two a few hours earlier.
506
00:32:23,680 --> 00:32:27,560
The Brown House, the Nazi headquarters,is alarmed.
507
00:32:28,000 --> 00:32:29,800
The rumor mill is working overtime.
508
00:32:34,480 --> 00:32:36,720
Hitler immediatelywrites a counterstatement,
509
00:32:36,800 --> 00:32:38,960
which is publishedin the Münchener Post.
510
00:32:39,040 --> 00:32:40,640
A MYSTERIOUS AFFAIR
HITLER'S NIECE'S SUICIDE
511
00:32:40,720 --> 00:32:45,200
"It's untrue that I hada fierce argument with my niece."
512
00:32:49,280 --> 00:32:52,480
Around the same timethe newspaper comes out with a headline
513
00:32:52,560 --> 00:32:55,040
that is even more embarrassingfor the Nazis.
514
00:32:55,280 --> 00:32:57,680
Letters have been leaked to the editors.
515
00:32:57,760 --> 00:33:00,640
They are to provethat Ernst Röhm of all people,
516
00:33:00,720 --> 00:33:05,360
one of the highest leaders of the Nazis,is a practicing homosexual.
517
00:33:06,080 --> 00:33:08,960
The Münchener Post is making huge noise.
518
00:33:09,200 --> 00:33:11,840
The topic was explosive.
519
00:33:11,920 --> 00:33:16,240
They absolutely wanted to harm Röhm,
and indirectly Hitler.
520
00:33:16,960 --> 00:33:21,920
Homosexuality is degeneratedand reprehensible according to the Nazis.
521
00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:29,280
In Röhm's case,the Nazis can be shown to be hypocrites.
522
00:33:29,680 --> 00:33:32,320
The Münchener Post
would be quite stupid
523
00:33:32,400 --> 00:33:38,800
if it did not publish what it was told
about its political opponent.
524
00:33:38,880 --> 00:33:42,160
And this was quite problematicfor their political opponent,
525
00:33:42,240 --> 00:33:46,080
who was desperately looking for the leak.
526
00:33:46,160 --> 00:33:49,280
But the Münchener Post
also finds itself in a dilemma.
527
00:33:49,360 --> 00:33:51,200
Although the newspaper and the SPD
528
00:33:51,280 --> 00:33:55,120
are fighting against the discriminationand criminalization of homosexuals,
529
00:33:55,760 --> 00:33:57,680
the paper shows no consideration here,
530
00:33:57,760 --> 00:34:00,000
and is exploiting the Röhm case.
531
00:34:03,440 --> 00:34:08,560
It was known in Munich
that Röhm was homosexual.
532
00:34:08,640 --> 00:34:11,960
The newspapers did not report on it.
533
00:34:12,040 --> 00:34:15,360
It was a private matter,it was a sensitive subject.
534
00:34:16,040 --> 00:34:18,400
What was only known as a rumor in Munich
535
00:34:18,480 --> 00:34:20,960
was turned intoa newspaper story by Auer.
536
00:34:26,400 --> 00:34:29,120
Auer first bought a letter.
537
00:34:29,200 --> 00:34:32,320
{\an8}Later it turned out
that the letter was a forgery.
538
00:34:32,400 --> 00:34:34,960
{\an8}Nevertheless, it led to the fact
539
00:34:35,040 --> 00:34:39,040
that further information about Ernst Röhmwere leaked by the right,
540
00:34:39,120 --> 00:34:42,240
which could then be publishedin the Münchener Post.
541
00:34:43,800 --> 00:34:46,480
Röhm does not seem to be harmed by thisamong the Nazis.
542
00:34:47,360 --> 00:34:50,160
But in connectionwith the revelations about Röhm,
543
00:34:50,240 --> 00:34:54,640
lawsuits and attacks againstthe Münchener Post are increasing.
544
00:34:56,640 --> 00:34:58,480
In December 1931,
545
00:34:58,560 --> 00:35:02,160
{\an8}Martin Gruber is beaten up by two men
546
00:35:02,240 --> 00:35:03,840
{\an8}and seriously injured.
547
00:35:03,920 --> 00:35:07,360
{\an8}ATTACK ON MARTIN GRUBER
548
00:35:08,160 --> 00:35:12,640
Despite the attacks, in December 1939the Münchener Post reveals
549
00:35:12,720 --> 00:35:15,520
an explosive and alarming story.
550
00:35:15,920 --> 00:35:19,120
Again, it has received informationfrom Nazi circles.
551
00:35:19,600 --> 00:35:24,280
There was already a precise plan for whatwas to happen to the Jews in Germany.
552
00:35:24,880 --> 00:35:27,200
A terrible glimpse into the future.
553
00:35:27,280 --> 00:35:30,400
The Nazis want to deprive the Jewsof all their rights.
554
00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:36,400
"All Jews living in Germanyhave no right to citizenship."
555
00:35:39,360 --> 00:35:42,400
The Nazis increasingly dominatethe political life
556
00:35:42,480 --> 00:35:46,080
that traditionally takes placein Munich's large beer cellars.
557
00:35:46,720 --> 00:35:49,960
The National Socialistsand their SA resort to
558
00:35:50,040 --> 00:35:52,320
breaking up opposing events.
559
00:35:52,800 --> 00:35:56,880
Beer mugs are collected under the tableas throwing and striking weapons.
560
00:35:57,440 --> 00:36:01,280
Heated by alcohol,fierce debates take place.
561
00:36:01,800 --> 00:36:03,520
Then the battle begins.
562
00:36:04,280 --> 00:36:08,160
Left party eventsregularly end in destruction.
563
00:36:08,480 --> 00:36:10,160
Only their own troops
564
00:36:10,240 --> 00:36:13,720
can still protect the left fromthe attacks of the right good squads.
565
00:36:18,640 --> 00:36:20,960
The Nazis now win elections.
566
00:36:21,200 --> 00:36:24,560
Their elected officials do not careabout law and justice.
567
00:36:24,880 --> 00:36:27,760
The Münchener Post
documents this very precisely.
568
00:36:27,840 --> 00:36:31,760
And it lists how the NSDAP spreads terror
569
00:36:31,840 --> 00:36:34,480
through its thugs,not stopping short of murder.
570
00:36:39,040 --> 00:36:40,560
CHECK-MATE TO THE SWASTIKA!
571
00:36:43,760 --> 00:36:47,200
Despite everything, Hitler hasenthusiastic supporters in Munich.
572
00:36:47,440 --> 00:36:50,560
He fills large hallslike the Circus Krone Building.
573
00:36:54,880 --> 00:36:58,040
I think the Münchener Post reacted
574
00:36:58,400 --> 00:37:03,280
{\an8}by arguing
even more anti-capitalistically,
575
00:37:03,360 --> 00:37:07,200
{\an8}by trying even more pointedly
576
00:37:07,280 --> 00:37:10,080
to present their positions
577
00:37:10,160 --> 00:37:14,800
of the struggle against fascism
and for democracy.
578
00:37:14,880 --> 00:37:20,400
On the other hand, the Münchener Post,
in arguing for democracy,
579
00:37:20,480 --> 00:37:23,800
was not able to inspire many people.
580
00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:27,920
This most enormous political rally
581
00:37:28,400 --> 00:37:32,880
that Munich has ever seen
582
00:37:33,120 --> 00:37:38,480
proves that Munich
is bristling with true Hitler spirit.
583
00:37:39,120 --> 00:37:42,800
The Nazis stage their strengthand determination.
584
00:37:43,120 --> 00:37:45,120
But above all,
585
00:37:45,200 --> 00:37:48,320
the leader of our movement, Adolf Hitler!
586
00:37:48,400 --> 00:37:52,320
Hail!
587
00:37:52,880 --> 00:37:56,280
Our German people, our fatherland!
588
00:37:56,800 --> 00:37:59,520
They address the people's emotions.
589
00:38:02,280 --> 00:38:06,640
The Münchener Post, however,after his loss in the 1932 elections,
590
00:38:06,720 --> 00:38:08,200
{\an8}sees Hitler on the floor.
591
00:38:08,280 --> 00:38:10,280
{\an8}ADOLF TAKES A DIVE AGAIN!
592
00:38:11,360 --> 00:38:13,200
Many people cannot imagine
593
00:38:13,280 --> 00:38:15,520
that their lives would change decisively
594
00:38:15,600 --> 00:38:18,720
if a riot squad like the Naziswere in power.
595
00:38:18,960 --> 00:38:21,680
Even the well-informed Erhard Auerbelieves
596
00:38:21,760 --> 00:38:26,160
that in the worst case, Hitler would stayin power for a few months.
597
00:38:27,200 --> 00:38:29,560
The transfer of powercomes faster than expected.
598
00:38:29,800 --> 00:38:32,200
The old Reich President von Hindenburg
599
00:38:32,280 --> 00:38:35,800
appoints Hitler as chancellorof a coalition government.
600
00:38:36,280 --> 00:38:40,960
The conservative coalition partnersthink they can keep Hitler under control.
601
00:38:41,040 --> 00:38:45,280
And in Bavaria,they don't want to be dictated by Berlin.
602
00:38:45,520 --> 00:38:48,200
After the National Socialistscame to power,
603
00:38:48,280 --> 00:38:51,680
{\an8}it was believed that a Bavarian government
604
00:38:51,760 --> 00:38:54,240
{\an8}might be able to hold its own,
at least in Bavaria.
605
00:38:55,280 --> 00:38:57,280
The Münchener Post is still published.
606
00:38:57,920 --> 00:38:59,440
But for how long?
607
00:39:00,040 --> 00:39:02,560
Now the editorial officesof the Münchener Post
608
00:39:02,640 --> 00:39:05,520
are also becoming a shelterfor politically persecuted people,
609
00:39:05,600 --> 00:39:10,560
because the current state governmenthas announced that it will oppose Hitler.
610
00:39:11,040 --> 00:39:15,360
And that's why Munich
was actually the last refuge
611
00:39:15,440 --> 00:39:17,960
for a number of democratic politicians
612
00:39:18,040 --> 00:39:21,200
who tried to get away from Berlin.
613
00:39:21,280 --> 00:39:25,120
The leading Social Democrats
were suddenly able
614
00:39:25,200 --> 00:39:26,960
to spend a modest night
at the Münchener Post.
615
00:39:27,040 --> 00:39:29,920
Some of them, of course,
were also accommodated privately.
616
00:39:30,560 --> 00:39:33,200
Hitler successively replacesthe state governments
617
00:39:33,280 --> 00:39:36,160
with National Socialiststate commissioners.
618
00:39:36,800 --> 00:39:39,200
Bavaria seems to be spared at first.
619
00:39:42,400 --> 00:39:46,960
The first thing one wants to do
is hit the most hated opponents.
620
00:39:47,040 --> 00:39:52,400
These are the people who wrote most
sharply against the National Socialists,
621
00:39:52,480 --> 00:39:54,800
and that is the Münchener Post.
622
00:39:55,280 --> 00:39:57,800
The Post is preparing for an attack.
623
00:39:58,240 --> 00:40:01,040
Hundreds of social democratic workersare standing guard
624
00:40:01,120 --> 00:40:03,000
to defend their newspaper.
625
00:40:03,280 --> 00:40:05,800
They hope for reinforcementby the police.
626
00:40:06,040 --> 00:40:08,080
But they are abandoned.
627
00:40:11,760 --> 00:40:16,080
They were really willing to fight,
to defend themselves
628
00:40:16,160 --> 00:40:19,360
and to do everything to prevent
the Nazis from coming to power.
629
00:40:19,440 --> 00:40:23,120
And then they were simply sent home.
630
00:40:23,200 --> 00:40:26,040
And that was depressing,
one can't even imagine.
631
00:40:26,800 --> 00:40:31,400
The employees just bring themselvesand important documents to safety.
632
00:40:33,600 --> 00:40:35,760
After the last editors,
633
00:40:35,840 --> 00:40:38,000
the last Social Democrats,
had left the house,
634
00:40:38,080 --> 00:40:41,280
everything was finally beaten to shreds.
635
00:40:41,520 --> 00:40:43,920
The destruction is systematic.
636
00:40:51,680 --> 00:40:53,760
Then the clash happened,
637
00:40:53,840 --> 00:40:57,720
{\an8}and as a result, the orgy of destruction
was even more extreme
638
00:40:57,800 --> 00:41:01,280
than it had been during the Hitler coupin 1920.
639
00:41:01,520 --> 00:41:03,120
This time, too,
640
00:41:03,200 --> 00:41:06,560
the most important toolsused by journalists are being destroyed.
641
00:41:06,640 --> 00:41:09,480
The documentscontaining their collected knowledge.
642
00:41:11,280 --> 00:41:15,200
Triumphantly, the Nazis proclaimthe end of the hated enemy.
643
00:41:15,280 --> 00:41:16,320
SA CAMP
644
00:41:16,400 --> 00:41:19,240
The SA moves into the building.
645
00:41:19,680 --> 00:41:21,120
They rule the city.
646
00:41:26,040 --> 00:41:30,800
The editors of the Münchener Post
and other leading Social Democrats
647
00:41:30,880 --> 00:41:36,160
who were still in the city then
met secretly in restaurants,
648
00:41:36,480 --> 00:41:39,440
but were forced to remain in hiding.
649
00:41:39,840 --> 00:41:42,640
Erhard Auer in particularwas initially confident
650
00:41:42,720 --> 00:41:46,040
that the Hitler government would notbe able to hold its own for long.
651
00:41:46,640 --> 00:41:49,280
The Nazis celebrate their power.
652
00:41:49,520 --> 00:41:51,960
The journalists of the Postare made aware
653
00:41:52,040 --> 00:41:55,160
that the rule of law has been suspended.
654
00:41:57,520 --> 00:41:59,760
And then, the persecution began.
655
00:42:00,280 --> 00:42:04,280
Several editors of the Post were arrested.
656
00:42:04,960 --> 00:42:07,760
Hitler successfully used his power
657
00:42:07,840 --> 00:42:13,040
and destroyed the paper that repeatedlycourageously attacked and provoked him.
658
00:42:13,760 --> 00:42:17,440
One must never forgetthat it was a small newspaper.
659
00:42:17,680 --> 00:42:19,680
{\an8}It was not the most important newspaper
in Munich.
660
00:42:19,760 --> 00:42:24,000
{\an8}And this was an achievement in itself.
661
00:42:26,280 --> 00:42:30,800
The journalists of the Post could notprevent Hitler from reaching for power.
662
00:42:31,200 --> 00:42:34,320
But they were among those who opposed him
663
00:42:34,400 --> 00:42:37,200
and risked their lives for democracy.
664
00:42:38,960 --> 00:42:42,080
After the war,the Münchener Post did not reappear,
665
00:42:42,320 --> 00:42:46,240
but it remains an exampleof an independent, democratic press
666
00:42:46,320 --> 00:42:48,640
that cannot be intimidated.
667
00:42:55,280 --> 00:42:58,720
Julius Zerfaß spends six monthsin Dachau concentration camp.
668
00:42:58,800 --> 00:43:02,000
In 1934,he manages to escape to Switzerland.
669
00:43:02,080 --> 00:43:04,360
He does not return to Germany.
670
00:43:05,920 --> 00:43:10,080
Erhard Auer is mistreated by the Nazisand has to leave Munich.
671
00:43:10,280 --> 00:43:12,960
He dies before the end of the warin Karlsruhe.
672
00:43:13,040 --> 00:43:14,880
Eugen Kirchpfening goes into exile
673
00:43:14,960 --> 00:43:17,800
and does not return to Munichuntil after the war.
674
00:43:18,080 --> 00:43:21,920
At the age of 80,he publishes his book "Beloved Munich".
675
00:43:22,880 --> 00:43:24,720
Martin Gruber is spared.
676
00:43:24,960 --> 00:43:27,800
He dies in Munich in 1936.
677
00:43:28,560 --> 00:43:30,200
Edmund Goldschagg,after his imprisonment,
678
00:43:30,280 --> 00:43:32,240
survives the Nazisas an unskilled worker.
679
00:43:32,320 --> 00:43:36,480
After the war, he co-foundsthe renowned Süddeutsche Zeitung.
680
00:43:37,040 --> 00:43:41,040
{\an8}Translated by Johanna Pumpernig
62297
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.