All language subtitles for PBS Independent Lens Between The Folds (336p_30fps_H264-128kbit_AAC)

there are some stories you just won't

believe unless you see them for yourself

watch them unfold this is one of those

stories that

folds and

unfolds see what I mean next on

Independent

Lens yeah

[Music]

this program is made possible by The

Corporation for Public Broadcasting and

by contributions to your PBS station

from viewers like

you thank

you welcome to Independent Lens I'm your

host Maggie Gyllenhaal what does it take

to turn a small piece of paper into this

even if you never mastered making paper

airplanes it's possible to Triumph in

this art form full folding paper squares

will transform you and the world around

you no cutting no paste no tape origami

is a metamorphic art form origami you've

got that piece of paper and you don't

add to it you don't take away from it

you change it after abandoning her

former work independent producer Vanessa

Gould felt a deep resonance with those

who had forged unlikely careers as

modern-day paper folders a theoretical

mathematician an Intrepid scientist and

eight other artists who transform two

Dimensions into three in our modern

world full of fast moving glittering

technology what is the NeverEnding

fascination with a square piece of paper

between the folds next on Independent

Lens

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if you look around a room or out of the

window and list how many things fold you

know the obvious thing is this sweater

my shirt the collar is folded the skin

here on my eye if I talk to you or to

the camera then the air is folding

they're going into your ear even the

Galaxy is sort of Wheeling around and

you know folding itself over eons as it

goes around that looks like mountains

and valleys for the reason that

mountains and valleys go through the

same

process even DNA is folded know you and

I are born from

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folding what do you see when you look at

a piece of

paper for most of us we see numbers

pictures words maybe a good story if

we're

[Music]

lucky it's said that when Michelangelo

stood before a block of marble he could

already see his statue waiting

inside some might even say it was there

all

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along in a way the same idea can

describe paper

folders people who look at paper and see

the makings of almost anything they can

dream up in just a single

square there's sculptors and

scientists working in the shadows

between art and

math like Alchemists bringing Beauty to

the

mundane I think at heart one of the

things that makes us human that's both

our strength and our weakness as a need

to change things it's also the heart of

the appeal of origami exploring the the

surprising magic of just how far you can

change that square only by

folding the rules are simple and

intensify the challenge one square

transformed by folding no scissors no

tape no glue

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h

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been black suspended in water or this is

Michael

Leos for over 30 years he's been mixing

up paper for some of the best folders in

the world fibers of black

like chemists he and his partner Richard

beat abaca and cotton into pulp along

with bright color

pigments when Michael's not making paper

he's in the other half of his Studio

folding it into his own wild animals and

birds the first batch of paper that I

made I was a bit impatient to get to use

it so I took it out of the out of the

the drying blots too soon and it was

still slightly damp I couldn't wait I

started folding it and then I was able

to make these beautiful soft

[Music]

shapes Michael is the only origami

artist in the world who also makes the

medium

itself we're making paper that's black

on one side and yellow on the other

because we're making two can

paper the paper is going to be

responsible for me being able to put the

right expression in there or not so for

instance uh if it's going to be a fairly

complex animal uh with uh lots of layers

and very thin legs I'll make a very thin

strong paper and if it's um something

like Wilbur I want a a more cushiony

softer

paper no cutting no paste no tape

origami is a metamorphic art form

sculpture and painting that where you uh

when you're adding paint to Canvas and

you're adding clay and and Welding

things together that's an additive

process when you're chipping away at

wood and stone and cutting paper that's

subtractive origami you've got that

piece of paper and you don't add to it

you don't take away from it you change

it

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o that's nice that's going to make

beautiful flowers and

butterflies oh boy I look forward to

folding

that thousands of miles across the

Atlantic in a small farmhouse outside

Paris Michael's good friend Eric wazelle

folds paper at his kitchen

table Eric likes to go slow to stop

often have a coffee and let his ideas

Brew in his mind I

say

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yes

oh I I want to produce a human face

whereas this and this could be the two

eyes and the beginning of the nose so

let's continue few number of

quizzes just to

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see here it is I need to a bottom of the

nose there two inside reverse for those

who practice paper for Holdings that's

very

easy and then you get it

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yeah the most important is to bre life

into the

paper origami was so uh extraordinary so

so magic that I completely stop uh any

type of sculpture I have done before

I've throw to the TRU everything I think

I don't have

anything H and I start orami it's really

crazy and I often reflect when it's

possible to me with my little brain to

to reflect why I choose orami I'm

definitively a m Sly or or a mad man but

of course I'm French

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in the past few years Eric has been

spending more and more time folding

people their faces and forms in an

almost caricature like Style

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here you have violinist and the two

corners here are supposed to be the two

shoes or two feet and here because I

want five fingers I need eight uh pleats

like that and because I want a long hat

I need this form with detail of the face

so this is the basic ID and after that

you fold it and you obtain some like

that so now I have the base the real

origami uh part of the work is quite

finished now but after that you can

obtain bple c one which is exactly the

same just

modeling and well this is challenging

for different reason because as you can

see on the Cris pattern the center of

the square became became the face so of

course it it's not really easy

especially if you work threedimensional

uh it's fully clu so it's very difficult

even myself I'm not able to produce a

copy Eric never creates the same piece

twice improvising in a way that he

Likens to

Jazz modeling

this took me 30 years and and and

teaching that to somebody else else is

teaching 30 years of my

[Music]

life but most origami is less Jazz and

more like a Sonata or a

Fugue repeatable and shared with others

through diagrams who then bring it to

life once

again and all across the world people do

just that come together to teach and

learn new models and see what designers

like Robert Lang are coming up with we

are at the collapse yall see that Robert

is a master of detail staggering detail

sort of wedge for decades he's been

making origami so technical that even

with instructions only the most Nimble

fingers can actually fold it yeah the

one side is higher than the other

one origami was a passion throughout the

years of being a physicist but the idea

that you would take a successful career

a Caltech education two Caltech degrees

and Chuck it in the bin for what for

paper folding for manipulating you know

little bits of paper that it it seemed

like you know most people in the world

would hear doing that and just say you

are out of your

mind but I'm having the best fun I've

had in my life

you you think it's cool to be c

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i most of the reaction is that's amazing

that's so incredible I had no idea that

was

possible I try to be fairly realistic

now usually that means if it's an insect

with long skinny legs I want it to have

long skinny legs if it's a bird I want

it to have the the proportions and shape

now to achieve that realism it doesn't

come by accident you don't find that by

trial and error you have to work pretty

hard to get that detail in and so I use

mathematical and geometric ideas to

achieve this goal of of a beautiful full

in shape

Robert takes the analogy to music even

further to help talk about his work he

even names his Pieces by Opus

number what you can accomplish is

strongly governed by mathematical laws

in music the harmonic ratios between the

notes and and rhythms and in origami the

laws of paper

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one square three different

folders they each looked back on where

some of their early inspiration came

from yoshizawa Yoshi zawa Yoshi zawa

sensei

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paper first became sculpture in the

hands of a single man in

Japan a self-taught man ahead of his

time

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Akira yoshizawa abandoned a factory job

to devote his life to interpreting the

world in

paper children had done orami for

centuries making simple animals and toys

from basic shapes

but Yoshi zawa found a way to make paper

come

[Music]

alive at times his work even looks like

it's about to breathe

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[Music]

Yoshi zawa was the first to keep his

paper moist while working a way of

sculpting known today as wet

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folding and he invented the system of

diagramming using just pictures alone

seen in origami books ever

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since throughout his life Yoshi zawa

created over 50,000 models and yet he

never sold a single

one instead he made ends meet by working

odd jobs and even selling soup door

too more than anything else he simply

wished to see origami recognized his art

and to share his love for paperfolding

with

[Music]

others back in the 50s and 60s very few

people knew of anything beyond a simple

Flapping Bird yoshizawa his seed fell on

fertile ground

one very crude measure of the complexity

of a figure is how many steps did it

take to diagram and back in the' 60s 20

to 30 was the norm in

the80s you saw diagrams that got up to

70 80 90

steps now there are figures that take

200 or or 300 steps and so it would not

surprise me in 10 years to see an

origami design that takes a thousand

steps to to fold all the way from start

to

finish during the 90s there was a

worldwide informal competition that has

been called The Bug

Wars one person would fold a really

accurate Beetle and they take it to a

convention and show here's my Beetle and

people would say h how can I top that

and so the next year to come back well

here's my spider your Beetle had six

legs but my spider has eight legs legs

well then the next year here's my

scorpion it's got eight legs but it's

also Got Claws and this went on and on

each year people trying to top the next

guy I see teenagers who are designing

their own origami and and they've only

been folding for 3 or 4 years but

they've zoomed through three decades of

origami

Evolution what these kids are going to

be doing in 5 or 10 years are things

that none of us now in en visioned or

even

possible this is the Seal of MIT um

men's at Manas mind and hands this is

the blacksmith with his hammer and an

anvil he's sort of the Practical side of

engineering and um on the other side you

have the scholar with the book and he's

the more theoretical side of

Engineers uh this dragon is look at that

made from one piece with no C

[Music]

how far can we push it what are the

limits the physical limits of this art

form you can do anything you want people

are starting to use mathematical

terminology to describe paper computer

algorithms algorithms ideal proportion

ASP comp more complex very complexly

complex uh I think I'm I'm a little bit

afraid uh for me the problem with the

young generation is to decide that

there's a level where you need to say

stop to the to to the challenge of the

technique and more and more

complex uh uh that's that's a problem uh

so for example I have the stupid idea

recently to have pockets here and I make

the so I don't know if I have it perhaps

uh I have

sorry yeah I had pockets that's that's

easy to had Pockets with a Twist but

this this is so boring you know and had

so many sickness inside that that this

is stupid you you need to

stop you know we need technique to

create art and the more technically

fasel you are with your art the more

eloquent you can be that's true with

writing singing anything but that's just

the under

pendings if technique evolve and get

better and better that's

marvelous uh the problem is more and

more a human has a potential of energy

if you if you the part of energy you you

give to the pure technique you you

remote it from emotional

things well that may happen but that's a

phase you just have to get through you

might have to go through the the phase

of no emotion to get to the next level

that lies

Beyond and if I can offer an analogy

people throughout music created studies

that were just technical exercises to

work work on fingering or to display

certain patterns and chopan wrote a

whole series of these studies of course

the French word for study is Aude and

chopan at tudes are now considered um

beautiful artistic work

and the techniques that he demonstrated

in his at tudes have now been

incorporated into the the Arsenal of

musical composers and it brings you

something like a rahmanov piano concerto

which is fantastically Technical and

achingly gorgeous music and while I

don't see origami people as yet being

Rahman andth um that's something we can

aspire to and we can follow that path

of uh exploring a technique developing

it then using it as a tool to create art

and ultimately art with Incredible

emotional content

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[Music]

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and it seems the push and pull of ideas

about art over the centuries are all

happening at once in this young art form

right before our eyes

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as I get older and older I find that uh

the big task is to put more white canvas

in my work to not get play too many

notes in music to start to say what do I

not want to put in this figure and try

and reduce it down to just a few lines

and Essences of what it is and that's a

much tougher challenge to me than trying

to make something much more

representational

[Music]

I find that I fold more simply now more

expressively than ever

before more abstractly and I think also

much more of my uh emotional voice shows

up in my current work if you compare it

to my younger work yes I think well I I

will get more and more uh old I I will I

will take out the technique and and just

keep emotional uh things with the

[Music]

paper the one creas start more than 20

years ago when one of my students at the

college where I was teaching said to me

that we're doing a lot of folding but

what can you do with one

fold so so I said well nothing really

you just make one fold but you need to

make others you know to progress the

sequence to make something worth

having but then I thought about it and

just began to experiment a little bit

and realize that actually you can do a

lot with one fold so normally when doing

origami you would just ignore this and

pass on to other things but um if you

now sort of break the fold in the middle

just

pop and then bring the two sides

together and then hold it they you've

got a shape that's very complicated but

I think quite interesting and it's just

onefold you can play with this quite a

lot to get all kinds of interesting

shapes and this is the lesson I think of

one Incas that you don't need to have a

very you know a very strong knowledge of

origami technique to be able to make

something beautiful that you feel is in

some way significant and

interesting perhaps a second lesson is

just how freeing creative limits can

sometimes be like Picasso who at times

only painted with one color

it's origami people and most of them

really don't like these because again

what do you measure it against lots of

people talk about the reality of a uh

say an elephant in origami you know does

it look real does it look like an

elephant but it's a piece of paper you

of course it can't look like an elephant

but people measure the detail they

measure the

proportions um

to the real elephant to see if it's good

or bad and if it's got really really

long spindly legs it can't be a good

elephant if it's got huge huge huge ears

or just three legs or something it can't

be a good elephant that elephants with

four legs are better than elephants with

three legs this is not just a problem in

origami it's also a problem in painting

for example you see a painting by sort

of mandre or something just you know

colored squares and black lines and is

that better than uh say painting of

flowers you know for many many people

it's not and it's the same in origami

that they would prefer to see an origami

elephant than an

origami I think paper has a problem I

think it's very

passive I think a lot of origami

looks

trivial because I think a lot of paper

looks trivial

[Applause]

[Music]

so the pleating came from a sort of

discovery that I could make these

pleated ribs I just started playing and

one day somehow these began to

emerge but the problem with them was

that they looked a bit weak when they

were just ordinary paper

the process of making is the point of

it the object looks good if the process

felt good this needs to be a kind of

ballet and that's what I try to do with

my work to take it to an edge of

something because that's always where

the interesting things

happen and like Paul more folders are

are working on the

edge going Beyond representationalism

into Realms of abstraction pattern and

organicism

[Music]

on a quiet street near Chicago's

Chinatown material artist Chris Palmer

Works long days and nights his bed

thrown in the corner and the hours

marked by visits from the local

squirrels years ago Chris lived in the

caves of Granada and he fell in love

with the intricate Zill patterns of the

alhamra as they shifted in the crossing

sun and ever since Chris has been making

patterns and paper that change with

movement and

[Music]

light a simple composition is like

Twinkle tful Little Star that's a simple

like a simple metal a little bit of

structure not a lot going on very can be

very elegant and nice but simple so like

in the world of patterns a hexagon Grid

or a triangular grid is kind of like

those real simple

Melodies there's something about the

plane and that there's only so many ways

that you're going to push and pull it

around that constraint is quite

different from other mediums there's no

carving in wood or in stone or knots on

a rug that are going to look anything

near like what pets do when they express

a

line there's a kind of way that you're

coming from nothing to something

thing now I'm going to turn it over and

do it

again so I have to take this

apart and then I have to

rearrange and it actually that kind of

looks like I'm not going to do it for

the most of the time until it until I do

do it cuz I'm just getting it in ready

to do it the the funny thing is that it

always feels awkward like it's not going

to

work I'm folding something on something

that's already folded and then I'm

rearranging it and putting it back in a

different position where some things are

released from that were trapped inside

this is one of those parts that always

people get hesitant about it's only good

at the end of this

process see the middle this see you saw

all the stress in there and it was like

ah and then it like okay you have to go

right through that and not stop in the

middle there because then it's really

unhappy that middle part I'm not going

to be drawing that anytime

soon yes you try to strive for the final

thing being good but you're also very

very well aware of how beautiful the

process is people in a gallery or in the

public they're missing 2/3 of what's

special about what that object was and

how it got made

little fine work there that came out

pretty good there's many forms that I

rejected and said oh that one doesn't

have a nice enough form and then they

just kind of go into this pile like I

boxes of rejected

stuffs there's the

tower and there's the flower

[Applause]

and then back

again the Petals of of a flower aren't

perfect they're pretty regular around

and they all have basically the same

shape but the kind of organic element

creeps into it thing about this um that

is interesting is that all these planes

would go in one plane if there was no

Dimension to paper it was an ideal ukian

plane this would all lay flat in every

single one of these all these little

polygons heaped on each other and

connected in the plane would just be in

one plane but then it can

stand

um even though it's not good to do this

many many times it does come apart

pretty

easily that

[Applause]

[Music]

[Applause]

[Music]

this is vant

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fler he's part of an Avant guard group

of artists in France abandoning the

imposition of order

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they call themselves they

crimp and instead of folding along

certain lines they crumple the paper

freely and from chaos their work is born

[Music]

[Music]

by installing their art in the sun and

the wind and rain it seems they're

inviting us to consider art and nature

and the evolution of things

perhaps even the life cycle of paper

itself

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every few years a small group of about

200 academics gathers to discuss

origami they're folders of a different

kind and their primary interest is not

in making something to look at as

art five en PR instead they're

physicists computer scientists

biologists and

mathematicians and they've grown into a

small International group of free

thinkers focusing their work on

[Music]

[Applause]

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[Applause]

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[Applause]

origami mie Golan has developed an

origami math program reaching out to

kids across the entire country of

Israel doram is the work of my life

every week 10,000 kids study orria

geometry and origami in school and we

have about 40 teacher Arab and Israeli

who teach it all over

Israel it's very hard to explain

geometry because it's a bit abstract to

the kids and the origami make the

geometry much more

visual know children who can understand

they're good in math they don't need me

they get it it's all always in every

class few kids that it's very hard for

them to understand and the abstract and

to understand the the three dimension

and the logic and the fail and this is

key to appeal to me and the orria make

them to understand

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it the children like it and they don't

think about the oh I learn geometry it's

boring and all this they're just folding

and playing and smiling and what it's

doing it's doing

[Music]

happiness so what kind of what kind of

things are you thinking here I

got okay remember origami is just such a

great way to get your hands dirty with

math you know it becomes your laboratory

for doing mathematics but if you're

going to get the negative curvature Tom

Hull is the kind of teacher we all wish

we had makes math beautiful to look at

you only need three colors this is 810

little pieces of paper making an origami

model is at heart an engineering problem

like how do I get the paper to do this

and so people who are interested in

learning how things work How the

Universe Works how nature Works uh would

also be interesting to seeing how a

piece of paper works when you fold it up

this is one of the most simple but

surprising origami models um this is one

big square piece of paper and as I I

expand this you can kind of see it's

nothing but concentric

squares this is just a big piece of

paper and all I've done is folded lots

of concentric squares in it the amazing

thing is when you collapse them all down

it wants to F form this geometric

surface which we believe is is

representing something called a

hyperbolic paraboloid which is something

you study in Cal 3 this is kind of a

neat model it's folded from one piece of

paper looks like somehow I took the

paper and put more it in there you know

so that it can twist around like this

but what's what's neat about it is that

it's still a flat model it's still

something you can fold flat

completely there are still a lot of

people a lot of mathematicians who when

they hear of origami math they think oh

that's just recreational math that's not

serious math this is something called a

miror math it's kind of it's this neat I

distinctly remember being 10 years old

and having done origami for a few years

and at some point taking

a a model of a bird or whatever that I

just folded and unfolding the whole

thing and looking at the crease pattern

and thinking wow look at these lines

there there there's something going on

here there's some pattern there's some

rules I don't know what they are but

there's something going on here and I

always thought oh it's got to be

geometry but as you learn more

mathematics you learn how math isn't

just this subject that subject that

subject it's all tied together and

origami actually exhibits that you can

do everything from geometry which makes

sense

but also number Theory and abstract

algebra and and linear algebra with

matrices and weird bizarre geometry like

geometry of the sphere and stuff like

that uh that I think surprises them

because that's not what you would expect

and then you could mush that through the

fourth dimension okay this isn't just

compartmentalized math this is all of

math that can be wrapped together in

some weird ways

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at MIT in Cambridge the computer science

and artificial intelligence laboratory

stands on campus like a monument to Form

and

Function and here you'll find Eric

Dain the top origami theorist in the

world

[Music]

and when he's not blowing glass building

furniture from used books or

deconstructing the card game of Uno he's

finding creative ways to use folding to

solve

problems well when I started my PhD I

was working in an area called

computational geometry which is trying

to solve geometric problems with a

computer and I needed some problems to

try to solve I heard a talk about Robert

Lang's work in how to design origami

with a computer and I thought oh that

sounds pretty cool maybe there's some

other geometric problems coming out of

paperfold though Eric doesn't find it

relevant he started college when he was

just 12 years old and got his PhD at

20 he was then hired as the youngest

Professor ever at

MIT 2 years later he won the MacArthur

genius award for his research and

folding took me a while to realize how

magic this is I like to call this

self-folding origami cuz you you do

essentially nothing you just put in a

few creases and then the paper just

wants to fold itself when you put in a

crease in a piece of paper you're

essentially changing the memory in that

piece if I try to unfold it it will go

back to the crease angle that I set it

to I'm essentially changing the memory

of the paper so along here the paper is

trying to stay straight and along the

creases it's trying to stay bent at the

angle that I creased it to and this is

the right answer physics finds that for

you um and it makes these really cool

[Music]

shapes Eric has always worked closely

with his father Marty a sculptor

self-taught computer scientist and Avid

puzzle maker wow Marty homeschooled Eric

is a single parent and they've been

making and doing puzzles ever since Eric

could talk I see a few years ago they

found the solution to a famous folding

puzzle that intrigued both

mathematicians and magicians for

decades it also eluded Marty when he

tried to solve it by himself I had

worked on a problem uh years ago and it

was this uh fold and cut problem and I

failed put in a lot of hours on this

problem folding paper and cutting and

opening up and going wow that's cool but

not knowing what it

meant so the problem is you take a piece

of paper you fold it however you want

but it should end up flat and then you

take your scissors you make one complete

straight cut and then unfold the pieces

and the question is what shapes can you

get by that process so here's a simple

example I'll open it up this time at sh

you have a rectangle of paper you're

allowed to fold it however you like as

long it as it ends up flat take your

scissors you make one complete straight

cut I tend to work on whatever interests

me whatever I find fun and interesting

not necessarily useful or applied I mean

some things end up being useful it's

sort of by accident or coincidence not

because I'm aiming to be useful I'm

driven by the mathematics not not the

applications some another thing to see

which ones are m in the beginning we

didn't know what would be possible but

then we tried to push the the limits and

eventually found that everything could

be made that you can make any shape that

you want made out of straight sides just

by folding what straight cut

wow the solution to the fold and cut

problem was uh it's really a long

process um when you solve a problem it's

this

amazing sort of Epiphany this big

excitement that wow we finally solved it

usually you're wrong usually didn't

solve it but you know you find some you

say Okay immediately you question

yourself okay so for this there's this

brief moment he's like oh I think we've

got it you know this is so beautiful any

problem you solve research-wise any

sculpture you build you have this

Epiphany this moment that you feel just

like a Superman in some sense and you

want more of those moments I as a

mathematician that against the downside

is as soon as you solve one problem you

go on to the next one okay how can we

generalize this what bigger problem can

we solve it goes on

so and as bigger problems keep coming up

the work of Eric and Marty along with

others like Tom Hall and Robert Lang has

had some unexpected results it turns out

that this bman one cut problem comes up

like in Robert Lang stuff I mean it has

lots of connections to actual for me

folding even has connections to airbag

folding there you have some

threedimensional airbag you want to

collapse it flat so that all of the the

the boundary surfaces of the airbag

collapse to a common plane this is sort

of the lower dimensional problem where

you want to take all this edges that's L

whenever there's a need in the industry

to take a flat sheet and somehow make it

smaller there is a potential for origami

to have an application in airbags

designers want to do as much design as

they can through computer simulation cuz

the only way to test an airbag for real

is to go crash a car but how do you

simulate that process in a computer it

turns out that there is an algorithm for

flattening that they use and that

algorith ithm came from the design of

artistic origami I had no idea that

there would be a practical application

but this often happens in the sciences

that things that were developed for

mathematical or aesthetic reasons then

turn around and have a real

application interest in origami has also

sprung up in medicine and biology

Natural Science and nanotechnology and

even

space here's Robert in front of a scale

version of a foldable satellite lens

which he designed to fit into a rocket

and then unfurl once an

orbit and Eric has recently made

headlines with his work on the idea of

folding human proteins to fight certain

diseases you look really close at any

living thing you know deep in there

there's lots of little proteins running

around making life happen and every

protein folds into pretty much one shape

usually when your proteins fold in the

wrong way into something they're not

supposed to fold into you get some

disease like Alzheimer's or mad cow

disease or something we don't know very

much about this process in particular we

can't really watch it happen because it

happens fast and it happens small and if

you watch it happen it's like the

quantum physics right if you watch it

happen it won't happen the right way so

the hope is that by uh developing a

mathematical model like this of how

proteins can fold we can design

synthetically A protein that is useful

uh say in the drug World Maybe This

shape of protein is is really good

because it will bind and and attack the

AIDS virus but it won't bind to the

human so it won't kill the host um and

so if we can solve protein folding we

can design custom drugs that will fight

particular

viruses in science this is the most

creative you can be we are artists

whether we do science or whether we

build sculpture it's both both the

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same what keeps you interested what gets

you out of bed every morning it's

fun I I I keep doing this cuz it's fun I

think there' be no other reason well

there are other reasons but I wouldn't

do it unless it were fun unless it

stayed fun and that's pretty much my

philosophy of life you know I blow glass

cuz it's fun I do improv comedy cuz it's

fun I fold paper cuz it's fun initially

I did it cuz it was the the mathematics

was fun now when I get time I fold paper

cuz actually folding paper is fun so

that's the driving force it's maybe a

bit personal but I think everyone should

do something they find

fun in the end it seems artists and

scientists are not as different as we

often think both creating

interpretations of the very same world

around us the world we all

share and to most the real beauty of

origami lies in its Simplicity allowing

everyone to create their interpretation

of the world in paper

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visit the Independent Lens website to

learn more about these modern-day paper

folders get an inside look at

independent film in inside Indies and

share your thoughts in TalkBack online

onl at

pbs.org coming to Independent Lens Asun

a priest in Massachusetts poorest city

is determined to include the cultures of

its diverse parishioners but some are

skeptical if the mass is done in Spanish

and English I do not get anything out of

the mass quickest blessing ever a 4-year

look at a church in transition scenes

from a parish

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this this program is made possible by

The Corporation for Public Broadcasting

and by contributions to your PBS station

from viewers like

you thank

you to purchase a DVD of between the

folds visit the PBS website at shop

pbs.org

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