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00:00:18,977 --> 00:00:20,353
Bank angle. Bank angle.
2
00:00:20,478 --> 00:00:22,355
It takes
only 25 seconds
3
00:00:22,480 --> 00:00:26,943
for Sriwijaya Air Flight 182
to spiral out of the sky...
4
00:00:28,527 --> 00:00:30,655
Terrain. Pull up.
5
00:00:32,323 --> 00:00:34,868
- ...and into the Java Sea.
6
00:00:35,033 --> 00:00:38,246
- The airplane's acceleration
was nearly approaching
7
00:00:38,412 --> 00:00:40,122
the speed of sound
on the way down.
8
00:00:40,247 --> 00:00:43,209
The forces just literally
shattered the airplane.
9
00:00:43,375 --> 00:00:46,713
- All 62 people onboard
are dead.
10
00:00:47,588 --> 00:00:50,549
- As the investigator-in-charge,
I have the responsibility
11
00:00:50,716 --> 00:00:54,262
to answer to the families
what caused this accident.
12
00:00:54,762 --> 00:00:57,682
- When investigators
examine the flight data...
13
00:00:58,767 --> 00:01:00,310
- It all started here.
14
00:01:00,435 --> 00:01:04,063
- ...they discover an issue
never flagged by the airline.
15
00:01:04,855 --> 00:01:08,817
- So the system allowed a defect
to slip through the cracks.
16
00:01:08,942 --> 00:01:10,069
- Looks like it.
17
00:01:10,236 --> 00:01:12,322
- It's actually quite startling.
18
00:01:12,447 --> 00:01:13,531
- Whoa.
19
00:01:13,656 --> 00:01:14,990
- I just don't understand
20
00:01:15,115 --> 00:01:16,534
how they could have missed that.
21
00:01:17,659 --> 00:01:19,328
Mayday, Mayday.
22
00:01:22,040 --> 00:01:24,042
Pull up.
23
00:01:39,390 --> 00:01:41,350
It's shortly after
two in the afternoon
24
00:01:41,475 --> 00:01:46,397
at Soekarno-Hatta International
Airport in Jakarta, Indonesia.
25
00:01:49,316 --> 00:01:51,778
Sriwijaya Air Flight 182
26
00:01:51,944 --> 00:01:55,072
is finally taxiing
towards the runway.
27
00:01:56,323 --> 00:02:00,703
Departure was delayed almost
an hour because of a monsoon.
28
00:02:03,998 --> 00:02:05,917
- It looks like
it's letting up even more.
29
00:02:06,042 --> 00:02:07,835
- Good thing.
30
00:02:08,002 --> 00:02:13,133
- The pilot flying today
is 54-year-old Captain Afwan.
31
00:02:13,299 --> 00:02:15,968
34-year-old First Officer
Diego Mamahit
32
00:02:16,093 --> 00:02:18,304
is monitoring instruments.
33
00:02:20,223 --> 00:02:22,307
- The captain
and the first officer
34
00:02:22,432 --> 00:02:24,853
were both very
experienced pilots.
35
00:02:25,019 --> 00:02:26,812
They had thousands and thousands
of hours,
36
00:02:26,979 --> 00:02:30,150
both flying and on
this airplane itself.
37
00:02:31,651 --> 00:02:36,156
- The cabin is only half full
due to the COVID pandemic.
38
00:02:36,322 --> 00:02:40,158
All of the 56 passengers
are Indonesian nationals.
39
00:02:50,211 --> 00:02:54,090
Flight 182 will turn
northeast from Jakarta,
40
00:02:54,215 --> 00:02:56,258
fly over the Java Sea
41
00:02:56,383 --> 00:02:58,927
to reach its destination
of Pontianak,
42
00:02:59,052 --> 00:03:01,306
on the island of Borneo.
43
00:03:01,431 --> 00:03:05,475
- In Indonesia, air travel
is a mainstay of transportation.
44
00:03:05,602 --> 00:03:07,353
Because there are
so many islands,
45
00:03:07,520 --> 00:03:09,730
customers use air transportation
46
00:03:09,897 --> 00:03:13,651
as a routine means of getting
from one place to another.
47
00:03:15,986 --> 00:03:20,157
- The crew performs last-minute
checks before takeoff.
48
00:03:20,616 --> 00:03:22,117
- Auto-throttle.
49
00:03:23,411 --> 00:03:24,537
- Armed.
50
00:03:24,662 --> 00:03:26,288
- Flaps.
51
00:03:27,497 --> 00:03:28,165
- Five.
52
00:03:28,290 --> 00:03:29,751
- Stabilizer trim.
53
00:03:29,918 --> 00:03:31,211
- Set.
54
00:03:31,377 --> 00:03:36,257
- They're flying a 26-year-old
Boeing 737-500.
55
00:03:36,424 --> 00:03:39,384
- In an island archipelago
like Indonesia,
56
00:03:39,551 --> 00:03:43,181
the 737 series airplanes
is perfect.
57
00:03:43,306 --> 00:03:46,893
It operates well
on and off of shorter runways.
58
00:03:47,060 --> 00:03:50,020
It was built
for short-haul flights.
59
00:03:50,145 --> 00:03:52,731
It is very on for 737s
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00:03:52,899 --> 00:03:56,944
to fly 8, 10, 12 legs in a day.
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00:03:57,110 --> 00:03:58,612
It's a workhorse.
62
00:04:01,657 --> 00:04:04,242
- Sriwijaya 182,
runway two five right,
63
00:04:04,409 --> 00:04:06,412
cleared for takeoff.
64
00:04:07,247 --> 00:04:09,164
- Runway two five right,
cleared for takeoff,
65
00:04:09,289 --> 00:04:11,251
Sriwijaya 182.
66
00:04:14,753 --> 00:04:16,254
- Ready?
67
00:04:16,964 --> 00:04:18,048
- Ready.
68
00:04:18,173 --> 00:04:20,677
- The crew gets ready
for a busy day.
69
00:04:20,802 --> 00:04:22,595
Take-Off thrust set.
70
00:04:22,720 --> 00:04:24,930
- They are scheduled
to fly several legs
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00:04:25,055 --> 00:04:26,557
by the end of their shift.
72
00:04:26,682 --> 00:04:28,392
- Speed increasing...
73
00:04:29,017 --> 00:04:30,478
Eighty knots.
74
00:04:36,651 --> 00:04:38,903
- V-1. Rotate.
75
00:04:41,656 --> 00:04:43,865
V-2. Positive rate.
76
00:04:44,533 --> 00:04:45,867
- Gear up.
77
00:04:50,331 --> 00:04:53,375
- 400.
- Flaps one.
78
00:04:54,293 --> 00:04:56,045
- Just after lift-off...
79
00:04:56,170 --> 00:04:57,297
- L-nav.
80
00:04:57,422 --> 00:05:00,382
- ...Captain Afwan
engages the autopilot.
81
00:05:05,305 --> 00:05:06,680
- Flaps up.
82
00:05:08,516 --> 00:05:09,891
- Most pilots really
enjoy having
83
00:05:10,017 --> 00:05:12,562
the automatic system engaged
as soon as possible.
84
00:05:12,687 --> 00:05:14,105
Because, of course,
they're not actually
85
00:05:14,230 --> 00:05:15,523
hand-flying at that point,
86
00:05:15,689 --> 00:05:17,065
so they have a little bit
more awareness
87
00:05:17,190 --> 00:05:19,360
of what's going on
with the airplane.
88
00:05:20,235 --> 00:05:21,653
- Heading select.
89
00:05:22,863 --> 00:05:24,324
- Two minutes into the flight,
90
00:05:24,490 --> 00:05:26,742
the Captain adjusts
the plane's course,
91
00:05:26,867 --> 00:05:29,661
and the autopilot
turns the plane east
92
00:05:29,786 --> 00:05:31,872
towards its destination.
93
00:05:38,545 --> 00:05:41,214
In the cabin,
passengers settle in
94
00:05:41,382 --> 00:05:43,468
for the 90-minute flight.
95
00:05:45,887 --> 00:05:48,348
As the plane continues
its ascent,
96
00:05:48,473 --> 00:05:51,225
the Captain switches
the engine power setting
97
00:05:51,391 --> 00:05:54,394
from takeoff thrust
to climb thrust.
98
00:05:57,148 --> 00:05:59,274
- Jet engines,
like any other engine,
99
00:05:59,399 --> 00:06:03,112
sustain more wear
at very high power settings.
100
00:06:03,237 --> 00:06:06,740
So once you get airborne,
you reduce
101
00:06:06,908 --> 00:06:09,160
to a climb thrust setting
102
00:06:09,285 --> 00:06:12,622
so that you're reducing
wear on the airplane.
103
00:06:16,750 --> 00:06:17,627
- Uh, Captain?
104
00:06:17,752 --> 00:06:19,461
- Almost three minutes
into the flight,
105
00:06:19,586 --> 00:06:22,382
the first officer
spots something concerning.
106
00:06:22,548 --> 00:06:24,591
- It looks like it might
get rough ahead.
107
00:06:26,593 --> 00:06:28,553
- You always try
to give the passengers
108
00:06:28,678 --> 00:06:30,055
the smoothest ride that you can.
109
00:06:30,180 --> 00:06:32,225
So we don't fly
through thunderstorms.
110
00:06:32,350 --> 00:06:34,310
- Let's turn a bit further east
to be safe.
111
00:06:34,435 --> 00:06:37,105
Check if heading
zero seven five is open.
112
00:06:37,271 --> 00:06:38,898
- Yes, Captain.
113
00:06:39,607 --> 00:06:41,567
Request heading
zero seven five degrees
114
00:06:41,692 --> 00:06:44,194
to avoid weather,
Sriwijaya 182.
115
00:06:44,319 --> 00:06:46,113
- Sriwijaya 182,
116
00:06:46,279 --> 00:06:48,574
heading zero seven five
approved.
117
00:06:49,826 --> 00:06:52,411
- Zero seven five,
Sriwijaya 182.
118
00:06:52,577 --> 00:06:55,831
- The crew is given permission
to divert to the right,
119
00:06:55,956 --> 00:06:57,250
around the weather.
120
00:06:57,375 --> 00:06:59,752
But the new route
is very busy today.
121
00:06:59,918 --> 00:07:03,923
- Sriwijaya 182,
stop climbing at one one zero.
122
00:07:04,089 --> 00:07:05,800
- To avoid other aircraft,
123
00:07:05,966 --> 00:07:09,595
they're instructed to level off
at 11,000 feet.
124
00:07:10,262 --> 00:07:11,764
- Stop climbing
at one one zero,
125
00:07:11,930 --> 00:07:14,016
copy, Sriwijaya 182.
126
00:07:14,725 --> 00:07:17,812
Captain, change altitude
to one one zero.
127
00:07:18,478 --> 00:07:19,814
- One one zero.
128
00:07:21,732 --> 00:07:25,778
- The Boeing 737
continues its right turn.
129
00:07:30,574 --> 00:07:32,869
Three and a half minutes
into the flight...
130
00:07:35,329 --> 00:07:37,038
- Approaching one one zero.
131
00:07:37,165 --> 00:07:39,959
- ...it nears
the target altitude.
132
00:07:40,084 --> 00:07:42,002
- One one zero.
133
00:07:50,845 --> 00:07:54,182
- In the cabin,
the passengers begin to sense
134
00:07:54,348 --> 00:07:56,559
the plane banking left.
135
00:07:56,684 --> 00:07:59,144
It continues until
the plane is on its side.
136
00:08:10,906 --> 00:08:14,826
Back in Jakarta, the Controller
realizes Flight 182
137
00:08:14,951 --> 00:08:18,538
is suddenly going off course,
and radios the crew.
138
00:08:18,956 --> 00:08:21,791
- Sriwijaya 182,
what's your heading?
139
00:08:22,709 --> 00:08:24,879
- She gets no response.
140
00:08:26,338 --> 00:08:30,343
At that moment, Flight 182
is diving towards the Java Sea
141
00:08:30,468 --> 00:08:32,010
at an incredible speed.
142
00:08:32,135 --> 00:08:33,428
Terrain.
143
00:08:33,553 --> 00:08:35,264
- Captain do some...
144
00:08:37,350 --> 00:08:39,184
- Captain Afwan is desperately
145
00:08:39,309 --> 00:08:41,770
trying to regain control
of the plane.
146
00:08:42,938 --> 00:08:45,066
Captain! Captain!
147
00:08:47,235 --> 00:08:49,028
- But his efforts fail.
148
00:08:59,663 --> 00:09:03,167
- The airplane's acceleration
was nearly approaching
149
00:09:03,292 --> 00:09:05,378
the speed of sound on
the way down.
150
00:09:05,543 --> 00:09:08,548
The forces just literally
shattered the airplane.
151
00:09:09,005 --> 00:09:11,841
- A little more than four hours
after Sriwijaya
152
00:09:11,967 --> 00:09:14,761
Air Flight 182
disappears from radar,
153
00:09:14,928 --> 00:09:17,557
search and rescue teams
reach the plane's last
154
00:09:17,722 --> 00:09:19,057
reported coordinates,
155
00:09:19,182 --> 00:09:22,769
11 nautical miles northwest
of Jakarta,
156
00:09:22,937 --> 00:09:24,562
over the Java Sea.
157
00:09:26,356 --> 00:09:29,025
The teams find only
an oil slick,
158
00:09:29,150 --> 00:09:33,114
small pieces of debris,
and human remains.
159
00:09:34,532 --> 00:09:37,743
The Boeing 737
has disintegrated
160
00:09:37,868 --> 00:09:41,121
and all 62 people on board
are dead.
161
00:09:41,706 --> 00:09:45,750
With over 700 aviation
fatalities in the last decade,
162
00:09:45,918 --> 00:09:48,671
Indonesia is already considered
one of the deadliest
163
00:09:48,796 --> 00:09:51,423
aviation regions in the world.
164
00:09:52,341 --> 00:09:55,385
- This accident needed
to be resolved fairly quickly.
165
00:09:55,510 --> 00:09:57,679
People needed to understand it
to gain confidence
166
00:09:57,804 --> 00:09:59,264
of flying in that region.
167
00:10:00,015 --> 00:10:02,600
- Divers soon discover
that most of the wreckage
168
00:10:02,768 --> 00:10:06,272
is buried in mud
50 feet below the surface.
169
00:10:06,438 --> 00:10:08,774
- The scope of the wreckage
was very wide
170
00:10:08,899 --> 00:10:11,777
and it was monsoon season
in Indonesia
171
00:10:11,902 --> 00:10:13,653
with heavy rain and strong wind,
172
00:10:13,821 --> 00:10:18,326
so it was challenging for us
to recover the wreckage.
173
00:10:18,826 --> 00:10:20,285
- It's up to the team
of investigators
174
00:10:20,452 --> 00:10:24,081
from Indonesia's National
Transportation Safety Committee,
175
00:10:24,206 --> 00:10:25,791
the KNKT,
176
00:10:25,916 --> 00:10:30,211
to find out why the 737
plunged into the sea.
177
00:10:32,465 --> 00:10:35,091
The KNKT's
Lead investigator,
178
00:10:35,216 --> 00:10:36,469
Ray Nurcahyo,
179
00:10:36,594 --> 00:10:39,971
reviews video
of the crash site of Flight 182,
180
00:10:40,139 --> 00:10:43,808
looking for the first clues
as to what went wrong.
181
00:10:44,644 --> 00:10:47,270
- Nurcahyo. Hey, Ony.
182
00:10:47,395 --> 00:10:49,481
Yeah, I'm looking
at the video now.
183
00:10:50,106 --> 00:10:52,234
The pieces are really small.
184
00:10:52,817 --> 00:10:55,988
What's the distribution area
of the wreckage?
185
00:10:57,030 --> 00:10:58,490
Mm-hmm.
186
00:10:58,615 --> 00:11:01,826
80 meters by 110 meters.
187
00:11:01,994 --> 00:11:04,038
Okay. Alright, thanks.
188
00:11:09,376 --> 00:11:11,836
- When I saw the debris,
I was quite shocked.
189
00:11:12,004 --> 00:11:14,340
Even the strongest
part of the aircraft,
190
00:11:14,465 --> 00:11:17,176
such as engines,
it's destroyed.
191
00:11:17,342 --> 00:11:20,346
So my impression
was that the impact speed
192
00:11:20,513 --> 00:11:21,846
was very high.
193
00:11:26,936 --> 00:11:29,897
- Because pieces of the plane
are buried in thick mud
194
00:11:30,063 --> 00:11:33,149
at the bottom of the sea,
it will be impossible to recover
195
00:11:33,274 --> 00:11:36,611
the parts that might reveal
the cause of the crash.
196
00:11:37,153 --> 00:11:39,447
Searchers concentrate
on finding the plane's
197
00:11:39,572 --> 00:11:41,951
two black boxes instead.
198
00:11:42,618 --> 00:11:45,078
- The black box contained
the information of how
199
00:11:45,245 --> 00:11:47,163
the aircraft was flying,
200
00:11:47,288 --> 00:11:50,333
how the aircraft
system performs,
201
00:11:50,458 --> 00:11:54,547
and the conversation
of the pilots in the cockpit.
202
00:11:54,672 --> 00:11:56,841
It will be very difficult for us
to determine
203
00:11:56,966 --> 00:11:59,719
the cause of the accident
without the black box.
204
00:12:02,679 --> 00:12:05,265
- Okay, let's pull up
the radar track.
205
00:12:05,432 --> 00:12:07,893
- Until the black boxes
are found,
206
00:12:08,018 --> 00:12:09,937
investigators must rely
on the evidence
207
00:12:10,104 --> 00:12:14,024
they do have,
like Flight 182's radar track.
208
00:12:20,280 --> 00:12:22,533
- Everything looks fine so far.
209
00:12:25,785 --> 00:12:28,913
They turn right toward
the destination....
210
00:12:32,083 --> 00:12:33,668
It deviates left...
211
00:12:37,755 --> 00:12:39,591
...and drops like a rock.
212
00:12:39,759 --> 00:12:43,261
- Flight 182 descended
more than 10,000 feet
213
00:12:43,428 --> 00:12:45,639
in only 25 seconds.
214
00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:50,644
- Both pilots
were experienced pilots.
215
00:12:50,811 --> 00:12:54,273
So to be involved
in such catastrophic accident
216
00:12:54,440 --> 00:12:58,110
showed that something
serious happened
217
00:12:58,277 --> 00:13:00,111
that pilot could not handle.
218
00:13:03,490 --> 00:13:05,366
- So did the crew give
any indication
219
00:13:05,493 --> 00:13:07,202
they had problems
with the plane?
220
00:13:08,328 --> 00:13:09,621
- None.
221
00:13:09,788 --> 00:13:12,124
Investigators
contact the controller
222
00:13:12,291 --> 00:13:13,793
for insight.
223
00:13:13,958 --> 00:13:16,461
- But they requested
a heading change,
224
00:13:16,586 --> 00:13:17,922
to avoid weather.
225
00:13:19,965 --> 00:13:22,217
Request
heading zero seven five degrees
226
00:13:22,342 --> 00:13:24,636
to avoid weather,
Sriwijaya 182.
227
00:13:24,802 --> 00:13:28,932
- Sriwijaya 182, heading
zero seven five approved.
228
00:13:30,350 --> 00:13:32,602
- Zero seven five Sriwijaya 182.
229
00:13:33,187 --> 00:13:35,480
- Flying in Southeast Asia
and Indonesia
230
00:13:35,605 --> 00:13:37,024
is always challenging.
231
00:13:37,191 --> 00:13:40,402
The weather is very tropical,
which means that thunderstorms,
232
00:13:40,528 --> 00:13:43,822
monsoon rains
are a matter of routine.
233
00:13:45,740 --> 00:13:48,326
- Okay. Let's see
what they flew into.
234
00:13:48,785 --> 00:13:51,956
- Did weather conditions play
a role in the accident?
235
00:13:52,081 --> 00:13:54,917
- They will pull all
the meteorological data
236
00:13:55,042 --> 00:13:58,461
available to see if there
are any external forces
237
00:13:58,586 --> 00:14:01,173
being applied to the airplane,
such as windshear.
238
00:14:02,716 --> 00:14:04,717
- So this is a storm here.
239
00:14:04,884 --> 00:14:07,679
- They examine satellite images
of the weather conditions
240
00:14:07,846 --> 00:14:09,431
at the time of the crash.
241
00:14:09,557 --> 00:14:10,890
- Add the flight path...
242
00:14:15,019 --> 00:14:17,273
They were definitely
flying around the bad weather,
243
00:14:17,398 --> 00:14:19,024
not into it.
244
00:14:19,149 --> 00:14:21,025
But some cloud cover.
245
00:14:29,994 --> 00:14:33,205
- The pilot did not fly
in the storm cloud,
246
00:14:33,371 --> 00:14:35,541
however, they were
still in a cloud
247
00:14:35,666 --> 00:14:38,961
that prevent them
to see the horizon.
248
00:14:40,129 --> 00:14:41,547
- Heading select.
249
00:14:46,677 --> 00:14:48,052
- Without more evidence,
250
00:14:48,177 --> 00:14:50,389
it will be hard to know
if the heavy clouds
251
00:14:50,514 --> 00:14:52,057
played a role.
252
00:14:56,812 --> 00:14:58,522
Three days after the crash,
253
00:14:58,647 --> 00:15:01,942
the search for the black boxes
is successful.
254
00:15:05,028 --> 00:15:07,947
The flight data
recorder has been found.
255
00:15:08,782 --> 00:15:11,118
They also find
the cockpit voice recorder's
256
00:15:11,284 --> 00:15:12,827
locator beacon.
257
00:15:12,952 --> 00:15:15,831
But the CVR itself
has disintegrated
258
00:15:15,956 --> 00:15:18,583
and the critical
memory card is missing.
259
00:15:18,750 --> 00:15:21,169
They will need to continue
sifting through the mud
260
00:15:21,294 --> 00:15:22,754
to find it.
261
00:15:23,714 --> 00:15:25,716
Will the flight data be enough
262
00:15:25,841 --> 00:15:30,678
to determine why the pilots
lost control of Flight 182?
263
00:15:33,807 --> 00:15:36,018
It will take us
two to five days
264
00:15:36,143 --> 00:15:37,602
to read the record.
265
00:15:37,727 --> 00:15:40,940
Hopefully, everything
will be fine
266
00:15:41,105 --> 00:15:44,275
and the mystery of this
incident can be unveiled.
267
00:15:46,653 --> 00:15:48,489
Within days
of finding
268
00:15:48,655 --> 00:15:51,991
Sriwijaya Air Flight 182's
flight data recorder,
269
00:15:52,158 --> 00:15:55,287
investigators review
the plane's flight parameters.
270
00:15:55,453 --> 00:15:56,913
- Look at that.
271
00:15:57,498 --> 00:15:59,416
The thrust levers should
always be moving together.
272
00:15:59,541 --> 00:16:01,543
But they split,
273
00:16:01,668 --> 00:16:04,587
causing the right engine
to stay at full power
274
00:16:04,712 --> 00:16:06,548
and the left moved to idle.
275
00:16:07,091 --> 00:16:09,592
- The team discovers
the thrust levers
276
00:16:09,717 --> 00:16:11,886
powering the left
and right engines
277
00:16:12,011 --> 00:16:14,807
were at significantly
different settings.
278
00:16:15,349 --> 00:16:17,518
- Finding the thrust lever split
279
00:16:17,684 --> 00:16:20,229
was a breakthrough
to the investigations.
280
00:16:20,354 --> 00:16:21,897
It answer our questions
281
00:16:22,022 --> 00:16:25,024
why the aircraft deviate
from the flight path
282
00:16:25,192 --> 00:16:27,068
and dive in such ways.
283
00:16:29,363 --> 00:16:31,698
- That amount of split...
284
00:16:31,865 --> 00:16:34,118
will push a plane on its side.
285
00:16:37,538 --> 00:16:39,498
- There was a lot more thrust
on the right side
286
00:16:39,664 --> 00:16:42,083
of the airplane than the left
side of the airplane.
287
00:16:43,876 --> 00:16:47,630
- But what could have caused
the thrust levers to split?
288
00:16:48,756 --> 00:16:50,174
- It all started here,
289
00:16:50,299 --> 00:16:52,094
when they change
from Take-Off mode
290
00:16:52,219 --> 00:16:53,846
to Climb mode.
291
00:16:55,596 --> 00:16:57,599
- Two-and-a-half minutes
into the flight,
292
00:16:57,725 --> 00:16:59,518
the Captain switches
the autopilot
293
00:16:59,684 --> 00:17:03,480
and auto-throttle settings
to reduce engine power.
294
00:17:05,148 --> 00:17:06,357
- Less power is needed,
295
00:17:06,482 --> 00:17:11,154
so the auto throttle should be
pulling both thrust levers back,
296
00:17:11,904 --> 00:17:14,199
but the right one doesn't budge.
297
00:17:15,701 --> 00:17:18,453
- To reach the lower
combined engine power,
298
00:17:18,578 --> 00:17:20,705
the auto-throttle pulls
the left thrust lever
299
00:17:20,873 --> 00:17:22,624
much further back than normal
300
00:17:22,750 --> 00:17:26,627
to compensate for the stuck
right thrust lever.
301
00:17:28,422 --> 00:17:30,339
- Clearly, something
was preventing it
302
00:17:30,465 --> 00:17:32,425
from coming back,
whether the auto-throttle
303
00:17:32,593 --> 00:17:35,011
was not commanding it properly,
304
00:17:35,136 --> 00:17:37,556
or was there something
mechanical holding the throttle
305
00:17:37,681 --> 00:17:39,599
from not coming back?
306
00:17:40,808 --> 00:17:43,561
- But even if the auto-throttle
caused an asymmetry,
307
00:17:43,686 --> 00:17:46,647
pilots are trained to deal
with this kind of issue.
308
00:17:49,276 --> 00:17:53,363
- During the investigations,
one of our question was:
309
00:17:53,489 --> 00:17:56,700
Why such significant differences
310
00:17:56,825 --> 00:17:59,744
between left and right
thrust lever
311
00:17:59,869 --> 00:18:02,748
resulting in
the catastrophic event?
312
00:18:03,332 --> 00:18:05,750
- A minute after
the split starts,
313
00:18:05,917 --> 00:18:08,127
the plane starts rolling left.
314
00:18:08,753 --> 00:18:10,047
And then it takes
about 15 seconds
315
00:18:10,172 --> 00:18:13,049
before the pilot disengages
the auto-pilot
316
00:18:13,174 --> 00:18:14,550
and takes control.
317
00:18:17,762 --> 00:18:20,015
That's not the only
strange thing.
318
00:18:20,641 --> 00:18:22,768
- Instead of leveling the plane,
319
00:18:22,893 --> 00:18:26,688
the captain turned it
into a steeper left bank.
320
00:18:29,942 --> 00:18:32,736
Bank angle. Bank angle.
321
00:18:35,114 --> 00:18:38,866
- Why would the captain turn
the control wheel the wrong way?
322
00:18:42,121 --> 00:18:44,205
I see.
323
00:18:44,998 --> 00:18:47,875
It looks like the control wheel
was holding right.
324
00:18:50,796 --> 00:18:53,548
- The autopilot
held the control wheel right
325
00:18:53,673 --> 00:18:55,592
to fight the left roll.
326
00:19:03,892 --> 00:19:06,769
With the right
engine creating more thrust,
327
00:19:06,894 --> 00:19:09,815
it caused the plane to bank
to the left.
328
00:19:09,981 --> 00:19:12,817
The autopilot fought
to level the plane,
329
00:19:12,942 --> 00:19:15,153
but it ultimately failed.
330
00:19:19,282 --> 00:19:21,742
- Maybe when the captain
looks at the control wheel,
331
00:19:21,868 --> 00:19:24,704
he thinks the plane
is turning right.
332
00:19:25,705 --> 00:19:27,499
- The captain grabs
the control wheel,
333
00:19:27,624 --> 00:19:31,711
disengages the autopilot,
and turns left.
334
00:19:33,797 --> 00:19:35,715
- But of course,
this was exactly
335
00:19:35,883 --> 00:19:37,884
the opposite action
that they should have taken.
336
00:19:38,343 --> 00:19:42,096
- The left turn quickly becomes
an irreversible left roll.
337
00:19:42,221 --> 00:19:43,682
Bank angle. Bank angle.
338
00:19:43,807 --> 00:19:46,226
- Bank angle! Captain!
339
00:19:53,192 --> 00:19:56,819
- Eight seconds before plunging
into the water,
340
00:19:56,944 --> 00:19:59,489
the captain tries to salvage
the situation.
341
00:19:59,615 --> 00:20:02,534
Captain! Captain!
342
00:20:02,701 --> 00:20:07,204
- Captain Afwan finally pulls
the right thrust lever to idle,
343
00:20:07,372 --> 00:20:08,707
but it's too late.
344
00:20:09,415 --> 00:20:12,752
- What would have been
a minor overbank condition
345
00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:15,463
resulted in a loss
of control in flight
346
00:20:15,588 --> 00:20:17,298
that resulted in a loss
of the airplane.
347
00:20:33,065 --> 00:20:35,525
- Why did the pilots end up
in this situation
348
00:20:35,651 --> 00:20:37,152
in the first place?
349
00:20:39,028 --> 00:20:41,990
- Investigators still need
to find out what caused
350
00:20:42,115 --> 00:20:45,868
the right thrust lever
to jam at takeoff power.
351
00:20:45,993 --> 00:20:47,746
But with most
of the plane's wreckage
352
00:20:47,871 --> 00:20:49,873
still on the bottom of the sea,
353
00:20:49,998 --> 00:20:52,792
they'll have to look
elsewhere for clues.
354
00:20:56,087 --> 00:20:57,881
The investigation
into the crash
355
00:20:58,006 --> 00:21:00,592
of Sriwijaya Air Flight 182
356
00:21:00,717 --> 00:21:03,636
now focuses on the Aircraft
Maintenance Log
357
00:21:03,804 --> 00:21:06,556
to explain why the aircraft's
right thrust lever
358
00:21:06,682 --> 00:21:07,932
didn't move back.
359
00:21:08,099 --> 00:21:09,768
- So, you've got
the records now?
360
00:21:09,893 --> 00:21:13,145
- Yeah, but it's going to take
a while to get through these.
361
00:21:13,313 --> 00:21:15,856
- The records date back to 2012,
362
00:21:15,982 --> 00:21:18,527
the year Sriwijaya Air
leased the then
363
00:21:18,652 --> 00:21:21,404
18-year-old Boeing 737.
364
00:21:21,529 --> 00:21:24,991
- Aircraft Maintenance Logs
are a great source of history
365
00:21:25,157 --> 00:21:28,119
that lets you recreate
the overall health
366
00:21:28,244 --> 00:21:32,164
of the airplane and ensure that
it's being maintained correctly.
367
00:21:33,709 --> 00:21:36,127
- After every flight,
a technician checks
368
00:21:36,295 --> 00:21:37,796
the maintenance log.
369
00:21:37,921 --> 00:21:41,465
It lists issues the pilot
reported during the flight,
370
00:21:41,590 --> 00:21:44,051
and the action taken
to address them..
371
00:21:54,520 --> 00:21:57,982
- The plane flew an average
of seven flights per day.
372
00:21:58,900 --> 00:22:01,278
It adds up to over 10,000 pages.
373
00:22:01,403 --> 00:22:04,740
Okay, let's get to it.
374
00:22:06,907 --> 00:22:10,202
- It will take time
to review each record.
375
00:22:10,369 --> 00:22:14,750
Meanwhile, the victims' families
are desperate for answers.
376
00:22:16,876 --> 00:22:19,628
- As the investigator-in-charge,
I have the responsibility
377
00:22:19,755 --> 00:22:22,758
to answer to the families
and the public
378
00:22:22,883 --> 00:22:25,009
what caused this accident.
379
00:22:25,176 --> 00:22:28,096
Such tragic accidents
need a good explanation
380
00:22:28,221 --> 00:22:33,018
for the family to understand
why they lost their loved ones.
381
00:22:36,520 --> 00:22:37,814
- We found something.
382
00:22:37,939 --> 00:22:40,192
- After several weeks
of searching maintenance logs,
383
00:22:40,317 --> 00:22:43,694
investigators discover
an alarming pattern.
384
00:22:43,819 --> 00:22:46,698
- The accident aircraft
enters Sriwijaya's fleet
385
00:22:46,823 --> 00:22:48,825
in the spring of 2012
386
00:22:48,950 --> 00:22:51,702
and crashes in 2021.
387
00:22:51,869 --> 00:22:54,538
On November 7, 2013,
388
00:22:54,705 --> 00:22:57,875
a pilot reports
an auto-throttle malfunction.
389
00:22:58,585 --> 00:23:02,172
From then until five days
before the accident flight,
390
00:23:02,297 --> 00:23:06,968
there are 64 more reports
of auto-throttle malfunctions.
391
00:23:07,094 --> 00:23:09,721
That's a lot.
392
00:23:09,846 --> 00:23:12,598
- And none of the reports
are very detailed.
393
00:23:13,182 --> 00:23:15,852
- In fact, not a single
pilot report
394
00:23:15,977 --> 00:23:18,730
mentions the thrust
levers splitting.
395
00:23:20,106 --> 00:23:23,234
- The auto-throttle system
was routinely written up
396
00:23:23,402 --> 00:23:26,738
as either "unserviceable"
or "causing problems".
397
00:23:26,904 --> 00:23:31,159
There was not a lot
of specific information.
398
00:23:31,660 --> 00:23:33,537
- How'd they follow up?
399
00:23:33,662 --> 00:23:35,788
- They tried a number of things.
400
00:23:35,955 --> 00:23:37,915
Most of the time,
they only cleaned the connectors
401
00:23:38,083 --> 00:23:39,917
on the auto throttle computer,
402
00:23:40,085 --> 00:23:41,752
checked the computer systems,
403
00:23:41,920 --> 00:23:43,505
the bare minimum.
404
00:23:43,630 --> 00:23:45,464
- When maintenance gets back
a report
405
00:23:45,632 --> 00:23:47,467
that the auto-throttle
malfunctioned,
406
00:23:47,634 --> 00:23:49,719
their first action is to verify
407
00:23:49,845 --> 00:23:52,721
if the computing system
is working or not.
408
00:23:53,807 --> 00:23:56,268
- To do that,
technicians disconnect
409
00:23:56,433 --> 00:23:58,936
the auto-throttle computers
from the system,
410
00:23:59,104 --> 00:24:01,397
clean the electrical connectors
411
00:24:01,522 --> 00:24:03,275
and then re-attach them.
412
00:24:07,487 --> 00:24:10,656
They then perform
a computer test in the cockpit
413
00:24:10,824 --> 00:24:13,826
that detects
and diagnoses faults.
414
00:24:20,083 --> 00:24:21,960
- So they'd clean
the connectors,
415
00:24:22,126 --> 00:24:25,963
do a test,
get a "no faults" result,
416
00:24:26,088 --> 00:24:28,048
and consider the case closed.
417
00:24:30,509 --> 00:24:33,762
- But the auto-throttle problems
kept on happening.
418
00:24:34,597 --> 00:24:37,267
- The quick fix work
such as cleaning
419
00:24:37,392 --> 00:24:40,686
and reconnecting
is not the correct action
420
00:24:40,854 --> 00:24:43,147
for the problem.
The line maintenance engineers
421
00:24:43,272 --> 00:24:46,817
should go to the next step
to fix the problem.
422
00:24:46,942 --> 00:24:48,694
- Did they try anything else?
423
00:24:48,862 --> 00:24:50,571
- Yes.
424
00:24:51,490 --> 00:24:56,411
From 2014 up until a week
before the accident flight,
425
00:24:56,536 --> 00:24:59,998
they replaced various
computers and other components.
426
00:25:00,164 --> 00:25:02,334
And then they would
do the same test,
427
00:25:02,500 --> 00:25:04,044
get a "no faults" report,
428
00:25:04,211 --> 00:25:06,212
and put the plane
back in service,
429
00:25:06,378 --> 00:25:08,423
only for the same
auto-throttle problem
430
00:25:08,548 --> 00:25:12,509
to pop up again
within a few weeks or less.
431
00:25:13,094 --> 00:25:16,972
- So why wasn't the computer
test catching the problem?
432
00:25:17,097 --> 00:25:19,768
- Because the test has limits.
433
00:25:22,144 --> 00:25:24,271
- The post maintenance test
only checked
434
00:25:24,396 --> 00:25:28,401
the auto-throttle system's
computers and power supply.
435
00:25:30,111 --> 00:25:32,279
- It wasn't capable
of finding any faults
436
00:25:32,404 --> 00:25:34,449
in the auto-throttle
mechanical systems,
437
00:25:34,574 --> 00:25:37,076
like the cable to the engines.
438
00:25:39,078 --> 00:25:41,455
- They were doing
what I would consider
439
00:25:41,580 --> 00:25:42,832
limited troubleshooting.
440
00:25:42,958 --> 00:25:45,544
They were utilizing
the flight management computer,
441
00:25:45,710 --> 00:25:50,798
but interrogating a very small
portion of the system.
442
00:26:00,267 --> 00:26:02,727
- We double-checked the logs
to see if they ever inspected
443
00:26:02,852 --> 00:26:06,105
the cabling all the way
to the engines.
444
00:26:06,730 --> 00:26:09,276
- And?
- They never did.
445
00:26:11,027 --> 00:26:13,738
- Was there a persistent
mechanical malfunction
446
00:26:13,863 --> 00:26:18,076
that Sriwijaya's maintenance
department failed to detect?
447
00:26:19,536 --> 00:26:22,413
With much of Flight 182's
shattered wreckage
448
00:26:22,538 --> 00:26:25,165
still sitting on the floor
of the Java Sea,
449
00:26:25,291 --> 00:26:28,502
the Indonesian investigators
come up with a novel way
450
00:26:28,627 --> 00:26:30,255
of finding the answer.
451
00:26:31,506 --> 00:26:35,594
- Does Sriwijaya have any other
737-500s like this one?
452
00:26:36,344 --> 00:26:37,429
- Let me check.
453
00:26:42,392 --> 00:26:43,602
They do.
454
00:26:46,354 --> 00:26:49,273
Same age. Entered the fleet
the same time.
455
00:26:49,982 --> 00:26:51,942
- Let's check its logs
and see if it's plagued
456
00:26:52,109 --> 00:26:53,903
with similar issues.
457
00:26:54,445 --> 00:26:58,074
- Could the examination
of a similar Sriwijaya plane
458
00:26:58,199 --> 00:27:02,621
explain why Flight 182's
right thrust lever jammed?
459
00:27:05,999 --> 00:27:08,292
Investigators turn
their attention
460
00:27:08,417 --> 00:27:10,878
to another 737-500
461
00:27:11,003 --> 00:27:13,839
under maintenance
in Sriwijaya Air's fleet
462
00:27:14,007 --> 00:27:16,634
to understand why
the right thrust lever
463
00:27:16,800 --> 00:27:19,179
of Flight 182 might have jammed.
464
00:27:19,346 --> 00:27:21,181
- Well, we can't recreate
the computer test.
465
00:27:21,347 --> 00:27:24,433
But we can still check out
the thrust lever.
466
00:27:29,772 --> 00:27:31,357
There's resistance.
467
00:27:37,864 --> 00:27:39,240
When we know
that it is hard
468
00:27:39,365 --> 00:27:42,326
to move the thrust lever,
that means there's an obstacle
469
00:27:42,451 --> 00:27:44,162
or a friction on the cables.
470
00:27:45,954 --> 00:27:49,166
- Okay. Let's see
what's going on.
471
00:27:49,334 --> 00:27:51,961
- The investigators check
the inner workings
472
00:27:52,086 --> 00:27:53,587
of the throttle assembly.
473
00:27:53,712 --> 00:27:55,339
- Whoa.
474
00:27:56,340 --> 00:27:58,425
It's been awhile since
anyone cleaned this out,
475
00:27:58,550 --> 00:27:59,928
if ever.
476
00:28:01,387 --> 00:28:03,847
Let's check the condition
of the cables.
477
00:28:05,099 --> 00:28:08,519
- Looking at the thrust
lever mechanisms
478
00:28:08,685 --> 00:28:10,355
in one particular area
is not enough.
479
00:28:10,480 --> 00:28:13,607
You have to look at
where it's originating from
480
00:28:13,732 --> 00:28:15,234
and where it's going to.
In this case,
481
00:28:15,402 --> 00:28:18,153
from the flight deck
into the engine.
482
00:28:18,779 --> 00:28:20,155
- Pass that up here.
483
00:28:20,280 --> 00:28:22,991
- They examine the cables
running down from the cockpit
484
00:28:23,117 --> 00:28:25,537
and through the equipment bay
to see if they can find
485
00:28:25,662 --> 00:28:29,039
something that could cause
thrust levers to jam.
486
00:28:30,250 --> 00:28:32,419
- When you're in the electronic
and equipment bay,
487
00:28:32,585 --> 00:28:34,921
you're doing two things:
You're visually inspecting,
488
00:28:35,087 --> 00:28:37,882
and you're also feeling
for anything
489
00:28:38,007 --> 00:28:40,218
that could be
binding or sticky.
490
00:28:41,720 --> 00:28:43,637
- Check out the dried lubricant.
491
00:28:43,762 --> 00:28:46,557
Add some dirt and some rust,
492
00:28:46,682 --> 00:28:48,977
that's a recipe
for cable binding.
493
00:28:52,146 --> 00:28:54,941
- Binding prevents
the thrust lever
494
00:28:55,107 --> 00:28:56,984
from being pushed or pulled.
495
00:28:57,109 --> 00:28:59,153
It's like it's pinched.
496
00:29:00,904 --> 00:29:03,740
- So, the planes
are the same type,
497
00:29:03,866 --> 00:29:05,785
the same age,
498
00:29:05,951 --> 00:29:08,621
maintained in the same ways.
499
00:29:08,788 --> 00:29:10,123
It follows that
the accident plane
500
00:29:10,289 --> 00:29:12,083
would have the same problem.
501
00:29:12,250 --> 00:29:14,126
- The team assumes
that the cable
502
00:29:14,294 --> 00:29:16,587
for the right thrust lever
bound,
503
00:29:16,755 --> 00:29:18,798
preventing it from moving.
504
00:29:18,964 --> 00:29:21,593
To compensate,
the autopilot had to keep
505
00:29:21,759 --> 00:29:24,136
pulling back the left lever.
506
00:29:24,304 --> 00:29:26,931
What's unclear is why Sriwijaya
507
00:29:27,056 --> 00:29:30,393
let the throttle system
deteriorate so badly.
508
00:29:31,519 --> 00:29:35,230
- You never let an airplane
go with binding or friction.
509
00:29:35,355 --> 00:29:37,483
It's something that
every line maintenance engineer
510
00:29:37,650 --> 00:29:40,278
or technician understands,
that you have to isolate
511
00:29:40,444 --> 00:29:43,615
the problem and not accept
any form of binding
512
00:29:43,740 --> 00:29:45,991
or friction
in a control surface.
513
00:29:47,576 --> 00:29:50,163
- Okay, thanks for your time.
514
00:29:50,329 --> 00:29:53,958
- Investigators interview
officials from Sriwijaya Air
515
00:29:54,125 --> 00:29:56,419
to determine why the airline
did not address
516
00:29:56,544 --> 00:30:00,214
the cable-binding in the plane's
throttle system.
517
00:30:02,799 --> 00:30:04,594
- Well, that was enlightening.
518
00:30:05,511 --> 00:30:06,887
- How so?
519
00:30:07,012 --> 00:30:08,932
- Management didn't think
the auto-throttle issues
520
00:30:09,057 --> 00:30:11,768
occurred frequently enough
to warrant a grounding
521
00:30:11,893 --> 00:30:13,144
or an inspection.
522
00:30:14,520 --> 00:30:16,480
So they never knew
that the cables
523
00:30:16,605 --> 00:30:18,023
weren't moving properly.
524
00:30:18,191 --> 00:30:20,276
- How could 65 malfunctions
525
00:30:20,401 --> 00:30:22,862
not be considered
frequent enough?
526
00:30:23,028 --> 00:30:25,240
- Because...
527
00:30:25,365 --> 00:30:27,826
it didn't meet
the regulations' definition
528
00:30:27,991 --> 00:30:30,244
of a "repetitive defect".
529
00:30:31,746 --> 00:30:35,333
- According to the Indonesian
Ministry of Transportation,
530
00:30:35,500 --> 00:30:38,670
for an issue to be considered
a repetitive defect,
531
00:30:38,795 --> 00:30:42,006
it must occur three times
over fifteen flights
532
00:30:42,173 --> 00:30:44,174
on the same aircraft.
533
00:30:44,342 --> 00:30:47,886
None of Sriwijaya Flight
182's auto-throttle issues
534
00:30:48,054 --> 00:30:49,721
met that condition.
535
00:30:51,223 --> 00:30:55,019
- So the system allowed a defect
to slip through the cracks.
536
00:30:55,185 --> 00:30:56,604
- It looks like it.
537
00:30:59,315 --> 00:31:02,402
- It just seems strange
that the thrust levers
538
00:31:02,568 --> 00:31:05,696
could split so much without
some warning kicking in.
539
00:31:09,741 --> 00:31:12,412
Does the airplane
have some failsafe mechanism
540
00:31:12,578 --> 00:31:15,123
for preventing thrust lever
asymmetry?
541
00:31:15,789 --> 00:31:17,375
- I'll look into it.
542
00:31:18,792 --> 00:31:21,336
- The 737 was unique
543
00:31:21,461 --> 00:31:24,382
by having independent
thrust lever controls
544
00:31:24,507 --> 00:31:26,425
for the left
and the right engines.
545
00:31:26,593 --> 00:31:29,596
And so, that inherently
provided for failure modes
546
00:31:29,761 --> 00:31:31,847
that could cause
one thrust lever to be driven
547
00:31:31,972 --> 00:31:33,807
differently from the other.
548
00:31:37,060 --> 00:31:38,645
- You were right.
549
00:31:38,770 --> 00:31:40,397
737 Classics have a system
550
00:31:40,565 --> 00:31:42,442
that disconnects
the auto-throttle.
551
00:31:42,608 --> 00:31:46,528
- The system is called
the Cruise Thrust Split Monitor
552
00:31:46,653 --> 00:31:48,071
or CTSM.
553
00:31:48,196 --> 00:31:50,991
It detects any
significant difference in thrust
554
00:31:51,116 --> 00:31:53,744
between the left
and right engines.
555
00:31:53,869 --> 00:31:58,124
- The CTSM is designed
to disconnect the auto-throttle
556
00:31:58,290 --> 00:32:00,417
before the split
gets to be so much
557
00:32:00,542 --> 00:32:03,296
that the autopilot
can't fight it.
558
00:32:03,462 --> 00:32:06,548
- Was the CTSM
working properly?
559
00:32:06,673 --> 00:32:10,345
- Okay. The auto-throttle
is supposed to disconnect
560
00:32:10,470 --> 00:32:12,512
under these three conditions:
561
00:32:13,681 --> 00:32:17,602
The flaps are less than
12.5 degrees,
562
00:32:17,769 --> 00:32:19,979
the difference in power
between the two engines
563
00:32:20,145 --> 00:32:22,272
is at least 700 pounds,
564
00:32:22,397 --> 00:32:24,858
and either spoiler
is extended
565
00:32:24,983 --> 00:32:26,277
more than 2.5 degrees
566
00:32:26,443 --> 00:32:28,779
for more than 1.5 seconds.
567
00:32:30,490 --> 00:32:33,159
- Flight spoilers are surfaces
on the wings
568
00:32:33,326 --> 00:32:35,202
that work in tandem
with the ailerons
569
00:32:35,327 --> 00:32:37,704
to control an airplane's bank.
570
00:32:40,124 --> 00:32:42,626
Did flight 182's
flight parameters
571
00:32:42,751 --> 00:32:44,961
meet the conditions
to automatically
572
00:32:45,087 --> 00:32:47,423
disconnect the auto-throttle?
573
00:32:47,548 --> 00:32:49,717
- Okay, so...
574
00:32:50,759 --> 00:32:53,136
their flaps were at zero.
575
00:32:54,471 --> 00:32:56,641
- Condition one, met.
576
00:33:00,019 --> 00:33:03,940
- And the difference
in power between the engines...
577
00:33:05,732 --> 00:33:08,111
hits 700 pounds
578
00:33:08,236 --> 00:33:09,820
early in the flight.
579
00:33:11,864 --> 00:33:13,615
- Condition two, met.
580
00:33:15,951 --> 00:33:18,203
- The spoiler hit 2.5 degrees
581
00:33:18,371 --> 00:33:20,414
for one-and-a-half seconds here.
582
00:33:22,290 --> 00:33:24,419
- Condition three, met.
583
00:33:25,211 --> 00:33:29,464
- Except the auto-throttle
disengages 30 seconds
584
00:33:29,589 --> 00:33:32,509
after the spoilers
met their condition.
585
00:33:33,720 --> 00:33:37,056
- Investigators now know
the CTSM,
586
00:33:37,222 --> 00:33:39,182
the plane's last
line of defense
587
00:33:39,307 --> 00:33:41,269
against the thrust asymmetry,
588
00:33:41,394 --> 00:33:43,604
activated too late.
589
00:33:44,313 --> 00:33:46,857
- The CTSM should have
disconnected the autopilot
590
00:33:46,982 --> 00:33:48,192
and the auto-throttle.
591
00:33:48,358 --> 00:33:51,487
Had the alarm sounded
on the auto-throttle disconnect,
592
00:33:51,612 --> 00:33:54,115
the flight crew members'
attention would have been turned
593
00:33:54,240 --> 00:33:55,532
to the thrust levers,
594
00:33:55,657 --> 00:33:57,410
and they would have
seen the split.
595
00:33:58,702 --> 00:34:00,413
- So,
596
00:34:00,579 --> 00:34:02,498
why did it take 30 seconds
597
00:34:02,623 --> 00:34:05,792
for the spoiler
to trigger the CTSM?
598
00:34:07,336 --> 00:34:09,713
- The wreckage won't
give us that answer.
599
00:34:14,302 --> 00:34:17,429
- Even though the debris
at the bottom of the sea
600
00:34:17,597 --> 00:34:20,599
could not tell us about
the flight spoiler,
601
00:34:20,766 --> 00:34:23,769
we tried to find
the evidence somewhere else.
602
00:34:23,936 --> 00:34:26,981
- Investigators search
the maintenance records
603
00:34:27,106 --> 00:34:29,192
of the crashed 737
604
00:34:29,317 --> 00:34:30,818
for evidence that would explain
605
00:34:30,943 --> 00:34:32,945
why the spoiler malfunctioned.
606
00:34:34,030 --> 00:34:35,155
- Anything?
607
00:34:35,280 --> 00:34:36,657
- Nothing.
608
00:34:36,782 --> 00:34:39,744
And it looks like there
was no requirement to check it.
609
00:34:41,746 --> 00:34:44,414
- We found that there was
no instruction
610
00:34:44,539 --> 00:34:45,958
from the aircraft manufacturer
611
00:34:46,125 --> 00:34:49,545
to inspect
the flight spoiler system
612
00:34:49,670 --> 00:34:52,297
unless there was an abnormality.
613
00:34:52,465 --> 00:34:55,425
- As a result, the investigators
have no way to determine
614
00:34:55,592 --> 00:34:59,262
what exactly caused
the critical 30 second delay.
615
00:34:59,429 --> 00:35:01,139
- Here's the thing,
616
00:35:01,306 --> 00:35:03,601
even though
the auto-throttle disengaged
617
00:35:03,768 --> 00:35:06,521
30 seconds later
than it should have,
618
00:35:06,646 --> 00:35:08,396
it doesn't explain
why the pilots
619
00:35:08,523 --> 00:35:11,943
never caught the thrust
asymmetry in the first place.
620
00:35:15,278 --> 00:35:16,614
- We need that CVR.
621
00:35:16,780 --> 00:35:18,907
- Hearing what happened
inside the cockpit
622
00:35:19,032 --> 00:35:21,369
may be the only way
to explain why the crew
623
00:35:21,494 --> 00:35:23,954
was late responding
to the split thrust.
624
00:35:24,079 --> 00:35:25,789
- Captain!
625
00:35:27,500 --> 00:35:30,293
Nearly three months
after the accident,
626
00:35:30,418 --> 00:35:32,838
the investigation
gets a big break.
627
00:35:33,005 --> 00:35:35,173
Divers find the memory card
628
00:35:35,340 --> 00:35:39,387
from Sriwijaya Air Flight 182's
cockpit voice recorder.
629
00:35:43,682 --> 00:35:45,768
We did it
systematically
630
00:35:45,893 --> 00:35:50,313
and thank God, last night
at 8 o'clock, we found it.
631
00:35:51,690 --> 00:35:55,443
- Will the CVR explain
why the pilots failed to notice
632
00:35:55,570 --> 00:35:57,362
the split in the thrust levers,
633
00:35:57,530 --> 00:36:01,159
and why the captain turned
the plane the wrong way?
634
00:36:01,284 --> 00:36:04,077
- Okay, let's start here
635
00:36:04,202 --> 00:36:07,039
when the thrust levers
begin to diverge.
636
00:36:07,206 --> 00:36:09,000
Let's see if they notice it.
637
00:36:13,503 --> 00:36:16,257
Request heading
change to zero seven five
638
00:36:16,382 --> 00:36:19,844
degrees to avoid weather,
Sriwijaya 182.
639
00:36:21,179 --> 00:36:22,512
Sriwijaya 182,
640
00:36:22,637 --> 00:36:25,349
heading zero seven five
approved.
641
00:36:28,226 --> 00:36:30,605
- Zero seven five,
Sriwijaya 182.
642
00:36:40,530 --> 00:36:42,824
Approaching
one one zero.
643
00:36:42,949 --> 00:36:44,827
One one zero.
644
00:36:47,371 --> 00:36:49,831
- Not a word about
the thrust levers.
645
00:36:51,541 --> 00:36:53,501
So now...
646
00:36:54,753 --> 00:36:57,215
...the plane is starting
to roll left.
647
00:37:00,092 --> 00:37:04,472
- It's what the investigators
don't hear that stands out.
648
00:37:09,601 --> 00:37:11,853
- They don't notice.
- They're not paying attention
649
00:37:11,978 --> 00:37:13,438
to the aircraft.
650
00:37:16,442 --> 00:37:20,320
- This is the time
when the pilots should have time
651
00:37:20,445 --> 00:37:23,407
to monitor the aircraft.
652
00:37:25,034 --> 00:37:28,411
- The FDR shows the pilots
had several indications
653
00:37:28,536 --> 00:37:31,916
that things were going wrong
on Flight 182.
654
00:37:33,626 --> 00:37:36,461
If they had monitored
their primary flight display,
655
00:37:36,628 --> 00:37:39,005
they would have noticed
that they were in a left bank
656
00:37:39,130 --> 00:37:41,300
instead of a right one.
657
00:37:42,300 --> 00:37:44,387
If they had looked
at the control column,
658
00:37:44,512 --> 00:37:46,931
they would have seen
that it didn't return to center
659
00:37:47,097 --> 00:37:49,557
after commanding the right turn.
660
00:37:51,351 --> 00:37:53,186
And most importantly,
661
00:37:53,311 --> 00:37:55,438
if they had checked
their thrust levers,
662
00:37:55,606 --> 00:37:58,192
they would have realized
that they were split.
663
00:37:58,693 --> 00:38:00,945
- These are three
major breakdowns
664
00:38:01,112 --> 00:38:03,864
in the way the airplane
is supposed to be operating,
665
00:38:03,989 --> 00:38:06,074
any one of which should have
drawn the attention
666
00:38:06,199 --> 00:38:08,452
of either flight crew member.
667
00:38:13,666 --> 00:38:16,085
- They gave all responsibility
for flying the plane
668
00:38:16,210 --> 00:38:18,838
to the auto-throttle
and the autopilot.
669
00:38:22,882 --> 00:38:24,635
- Auto-throttle.
670
00:38:24,802 --> 00:38:25,927
- Armed.
671
00:38:26,052 --> 00:38:27,179
- It's what investigators call
672
00:38:27,346 --> 00:38:29,514
the "ironies of automation".
673
00:38:30,306 --> 00:38:32,976
- Flight crews become
more and more confident
674
00:38:33,143 --> 00:38:34,978
that the automatic system
is gonna fly
675
00:38:35,103 --> 00:38:36,605
the airplane safely.
676
00:38:36,731 --> 00:38:38,815
And so, the pilot's
not really thinking
677
00:38:38,983 --> 00:38:42,820
that the airplane is going
to be in any kind of difficulty.
678
00:38:43,362 --> 00:38:46,657
- So, when did they finally
clue in
679
00:38:46,824 --> 00:38:50,494
to the fact that they were
banking left instead of right?
680
00:38:53,164 --> 00:38:54,831
- Okay, let's hear more.
681
00:38:58,501 --> 00:39:00,045
Set standard.
682
00:39:03,507 --> 00:39:05,885
Sriwijaya 182,
climbing to altitude
683
00:39:06,052 --> 00:39:08,012
one three zero, roger.
684
00:39:08,137 --> 00:39:10,556
- One three zero?
- One three zero.
685
00:39:12,057 --> 00:39:14,684
Bank angle. Bank angle.
686
00:39:16,936 --> 00:39:18,606
Bank angle. Bank angle.
687
00:39:22,902 --> 00:39:24,695
Bank angle. Bank angle.
688
00:39:30,367 --> 00:39:32,161
- They seem confused.
689
00:39:32,286 --> 00:39:34,329
- They're totally unaware
of their situation
690
00:39:34,454 --> 00:39:36,373
because they're flying in clouds
but not looking
691
00:39:36,539 --> 00:39:37,708
at their instruments.
692
00:39:37,833 --> 00:39:41,336
It's the bank angle warning
that clues them in.
693
00:39:45,507 --> 00:39:47,717
- The crew was clearly startled.
694
00:39:47,885 --> 00:39:50,637
They didn't understand
what was going on.
695
00:39:52,097 --> 00:39:55,059
Bank angle. Bank angle.
696
00:40:01,523 --> 00:40:04,527
Terrain. Pull up.
697
00:40:07,862 --> 00:40:10,990
- The captain hears
the bank angle warning,
698
00:40:11,117 --> 00:40:12,659
looks at his control wheel,
699
00:40:12,784 --> 00:40:15,036
sees it deflected right,
and then turns it left,
700
00:40:15,161 --> 00:40:17,164
making the situation worse.
701
00:40:17,748 --> 00:40:21,918
- Did the first officer provide
any assistance to the captain?
702
00:40:25,130 --> 00:40:26,882
- Bank angle!
703
00:40:27,007 --> 00:40:28,259
Captain!
704
00:40:28,425 --> 00:40:30,760
Captain! Upset! Upset!
705
00:40:30,927 --> 00:40:33,806
Pull up.
Bank angle.
706
00:40:34,264 --> 00:40:35,181
Bank angle.
707
00:40:36,474 --> 00:40:38,184
Bank angle. Bank angle.
708
00:40:39,978 --> 00:40:42,021
- The First Officer
isn't helping at all.
709
00:40:42,148 --> 00:40:45,192
He's completely forgotten
all his procedures.
710
00:40:46,860 --> 00:40:48,987
Bank angle. Bank angle.
711
00:40:49,155 --> 00:40:53,242
- The co-pilot did not
provide significant information
712
00:40:53,367 --> 00:40:55,619
to the captain.
713
00:40:55,744 --> 00:40:57,288
The aircraft attitude,
714
00:40:57,454 --> 00:40:59,456
whether left or right
or pitching down or
715
00:40:59,581 --> 00:41:03,001
pitching up as described
in the procedures.
716
00:41:06,505 --> 00:41:08,632
- Even after the auto-throttle
disengages,
717
00:41:08,798 --> 00:41:10,925
it still takes
the captain 10 seconds
718
00:41:11,050 --> 00:41:15,097
to bring the right thrust lever
back to idle.
719
00:41:15,889 --> 00:41:19,309
If the auto-throttle disengaging
doesn't prompt him to do that,
720
00:41:19,476 --> 00:41:21,019
what does?
721
00:41:24,648 --> 00:41:26,733
- It was the overspeed warning.
722
00:41:28,027 --> 00:41:30,237
Fifteen seconds
into the dive,
723
00:41:30,362 --> 00:41:33,740
the plane is accelerating
to near the speed of sound.
724
00:41:33,865 --> 00:41:35,826
It's on the verge
of breaking up,
725
00:41:35,951 --> 00:41:38,913
so the cockpit's overspeed
warning sounds.
726
00:41:42,500 --> 00:41:44,460
- With the overspeed condition,
727
00:41:44,585 --> 00:41:46,336
that's when he finally realizes
728
00:41:46,503 --> 00:41:49,088
that both engines
need to be at idle
729
00:41:49,215 --> 00:41:50,965
and they make that correction.
730
00:41:54,887 --> 00:41:57,681
- He finally corrects
the asymmetry,
731
00:41:57,847 --> 00:42:00,141
but it's too little,
too late.
732
00:42:02,061 --> 00:42:04,355
- If the aircraft
flying higher,
733
00:42:04,521 --> 00:42:06,356
maybe 30,000 feet,
734
00:42:06,481 --> 00:42:08,943
the aircraft
might have recovered.
735
00:42:16,574 --> 00:42:17,867
In the final report,
736
00:42:17,992 --> 00:42:20,329
released more than
a year-and-a-half after
737
00:42:20,454 --> 00:42:22,748
the crash,
investigators highlight
738
00:42:22,914 --> 00:42:24,708
the many failings
that contributed
739
00:42:24,875 --> 00:42:27,335
to the crash of Flight 182.
740
00:42:29,838 --> 00:42:32,132
Chief among them
was the failure of the pilots
741
00:42:32,257 --> 00:42:35,260
to pay attention to what
their plane was telling them
742
00:42:35,427 --> 00:42:37,096
during the flight.
743
00:42:39,931 --> 00:42:42,768
What happened
was the sense of confidence
744
00:42:42,934 --> 00:42:45,896
and complacency towards
the automation system
745
00:42:46,021 --> 00:42:48,898
may have caused poor monitoring
and awareness
746
00:42:49,023 --> 00:42:51,652
of other instruments
and activities.
747
00:42:52,945 --> 00:42:55,114
The report also
highlights the failure
748
00:42:55,280 --> 00:42:58,909
of maintenance, both at the line
and management levels,
749
00:42:59,076 --> 00:43:02,996
in recording a history
of auto-throttle malfunctions.
750
00:43:03,121 --> 00:43:05,331
- For them not to take the time
751
00:43:05,456 --> 00:43:07,418
to take the aircraft
out of service
752
00:43:07,543 --> 00:43:09,085
and effectively troubleshoot it
753
00:43:09,253 --> 00:43:12,297
in today's era is just
not heard of.
754
00:43:12,463 --> 00:43:15,550
You have to ensure
that you're upholding safety
755
00:43:15,675 --> 00:43:17,260
and you're taking every action
756
00:43:17,385 --> 00:43:20,639
to troubleshoot
and inspect the airplane.
757
00:43:23,309 --> 00:43:27,855
- It was tragic that no pilot
reported thrust lever split
758
00:43:27,980 --> 00:43:30,273
in their failures.
They always reported them
759
00:43:30,440 --> 00:43:32,150
as auto-throttle issues.
760
00:43:32,318 --> 00:43:35,945
But they didn't say the words
"thrust lever split."
761
00:43:36,112 --> 00:43:39,824
If the pilots don't
report the problem accurately,
762
00:43:39,992 --> 00:43:41,744
nobody's gonna fix it.
763
00:43:42,994 --> 00:43:45,956
- Sriwijaya Air committed
to improving its training
764
00:43:46,123 --> 00:43:49,083
for both pilots
and maintenance engineers.
765
00:43:49,208 --> 00:43:52,795
But today, the airline
is a much smaller operation.
766
00:43:52,920 --> 00:43:55,757
Its fleet consists
of four aircraft.
767
00:43:56,215 --> 00:44:00,387
Only one of its 737-500s
is still in use.
768
00:44:03,014 --> 00:44:05,391
This accident
gave the world a valuable lesson
769
00:44:05,516 --> 00:44:09,188
that simple problems could lead
to a catastrophe.
770
00:44:11,940 --> 00:44:14,150
It is our hope
that this kind of incident
771
00:44:14,318 --> 00:44:17,195
will never happen again
in the future.
772
00:44:24,452 --> 00:44:27,998
Subtitling: difuze
58669
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