Original subtitles

At this spot on the 25th of June, 1759, Britain's James Wolfe gets his first view of the French

fortress of Quebec.

He has 100 days to conquer.

Today, it's Quebec's most famous park.

Then, it was a Hilly Cal pasture owned by Abraham Martin.

On these few Canadian acres, a battle was fought at the side of the fate of two new pirates.

That's at the stage for the American evolution.

The guarantee to be back with the French and the vastness of North America English.

You fire!

I think it resonates because it is a story full of larger-than-life characters, flawed characters, doomed characters.

And there's so much legend woven into the story.

For many Quebecers, this was a conquest that was so dreadful that Wolfe is still reviled as a workman.

On the French side, the generals equally controversial did not come through victory away by insisting on a big army practice.

Instead of the guerrilla warfare so successful for insurgencies, there is still a great mystery.

How did the British move an army down river 14 kilometers and scaled its fifth with 4,500 men, virtually undetected?

The team of scientists and historians will find some revealing answers.

The battle fought here on the Hilly plains of Abraham is a decisive moment in a much larger war.

Some call it the French and Indian War, others the Seven Years' War.

But it's now clear that it is truly the first World War.

Two superpowers, England and France, confront each other across continents and oceans, fighting for supremacy.

Before it ends, the war will have spread from England and the European continent to India, Africa.

The Americas and the Caribbean Sea.

But the most crucial battle will be fought at Quebec.

Our story begins in the French countryside with the retired French colonel whose luck has suddenly taken a turn for the better.

On the 3rd of April 1756, at his country of state at Cansiac, France, Mancant bids his wife and five children goodbye.

He has been a soldier since the age of nine, a regimental captain by 16.

Wounded many times as he rose to the rank of colonel, he is not as sprightly as his earlier years.

Historian and retired General of France Jean-Pierre Pusu says Mancant has chosen first for his bravery, but then it gets complicated.

Mancant made a military and made a decision to defend the world.

The first time I was born was in Canada, and the first time I was born was in Paris.

I was a physician.

I was born in Paris, and I was born in Paris.

I was born in the French countryside.

I was born in Paris, and I was born in Paris.

I was born in Paris, and I was born in Paris.

It is simple.

Threatened at home, France can spare little to defend far away Canada.

Mancant has no idea what he is in for.

In France, I was born in Paris, and I was born in Paris.

I was born in Paris, and I was born in Paris.

I was born in France, and I was born in France.

For 150 years the French were welcomed by the Indian nations.

The French made treaties with them, traded furs, even intermarried with them.

The rivers of North America are their highways.

By 1759 the leadership of an estimated 150,000 Indians is allied with the French.

New France dominates the map with Indian alliances and forts keeping at bay 13 English colonies

with 1 million Americans along the eastern seaboard.

In 1759 new France is dismissed as a few acres of snow by the French.

Canada has become a drag.

The fur trade is maintained to keep the Indians on side,

but it's no longer the immensely profitable venture it once was.

The country is not very false, the country is not very rich,

but the party is not very rich.

It's not very strategic.

In all of New France, which stretches from Quebec to New Orleans,

there are only 55,000 French-speaking citizens.

The people of New France have no input.

Their earth becomes strategic partners in a global war.

The officer chosen by England to drive a sword through the heart of New France

is the 32-year-old James Wolff, soon to be the youngest major general in the British Army.

A renaissance man steeped in history, flew into the French and skilled with tactics.

An officer since the age of 12, in battle after battle, he has proven himself a skillful strategist.

His letter is demonstrated soldier who knows his profession inside her.

But it's a week on that right side.

More practice.

Lots of water.

Stop.

You asked what your brother must study to become a good soldier.

He may begin with the King of Prussia's regulations for horse and foot,

saying a name for all the concerns artillery of the ancient Caesar, the Thucydides,

Xenophon's life of Cyrus and the retreat of the 10,000 Greeks.

Wolff is a very professional officer, and he is making waves.

Artists are busy depicting his leadership of an amphibious landing

which led to the capture of the French fortress at Louis-Bourg,

a gateway to the St. Lawrence and Quebec.

Wolff has cut the eye of Britain's grand imperialist, its parliamentary leader,

William Pitt the Younger.

Pitters ways England to spend a fortune building the best navy in the world,

a navy that can ferry and fight with a new British army.

This is the British Empire's creation moment,

observed historian Colonel Roman Yara Movitz.

The British can pick and choose and become strategic,

like nailing them in India, sending Clive off to do great things

and capturing a subcontinent, hitting them in the West Indies,

all those sugar islands, and of course going after Canada.

So it's a global war, not only in its size, but also its Olympian design.

Its idea is strategically bold.

England and Europe, he says, will be far forward in North America.

Wolff is appointed to take command of the Quebec expedition,

but Wolff is unsure he is up to the job.

Illness is his Achilles heel.

Some historians argue he is suffering from tuberculosis, consumption,

from which there is no cure.

I have this day signified to Mr. Pitt that he made his bows of my slight carcass as he pleases,

and that I am ready for any undertaking within the reach of my skill and cunning.

There are even rumours that Wolff is insane.

What's that great line that the King of England gives when someone tells them

well they are thinking of promoting Wolff, you can't possibly promote this man,

he is mad, and the King says mad, is he?

Well I hope he bites some of my generals, because Wolff performs.

Before departing to assault Quebec, Wolff has conquered the heart of Catherine Lauther.

She is from the nobility, beautiful and fabulously wealthy.

Before he sails, Catherine gives him her portrait and a locket of her hair.

On his safe return, they plan to marry.

Wolff has the greatest reason in the world to stay alive, he is in love.

It is the summer of 1758, a French army is awaiting the approach of an immense English force.

These are called the Lace Wars, where how you looked was as important as how you fought.

While Wolff was gaining fame capturing Fort Louis-Bourdes,

Wolff was here on the banks of Lake Champlain at a Fort English called Taekonderoga, the French Carillon.

Fort Carillon guards Lake Champlain and the western waterway to New France.

If the French army breaks here, the path is open to Montreal and Quebec City.

Montcom constructs an avenue of wood and rush, an 18th century version of barbed wire,

and faces his army behind Mr. Finsport.

The 16,000th front English friend packs his apparel.

Montcom's forces are delivered for the world.

The French fire-wrinkle-dish ranks, instead of the British, are shocked at these hands.

France is General Busoul is an expert on Montcom, and with the French called the Battle of Carillon.

The Battle of Carillon is a result of the growth of Montcom.

The path of the world is a part of the world's world's world's world.

The French army is a member of the Grand Valley.

Letters and journals from the time reveal that pure rego de Vaudroy is not impressed with Montcom.

Bournain Quebec, Vaudroy is the governor, appointed by France the overall commander.

But France has put Montcom in charge of the army.

Both men believe they are in command.

Vaudroy is an army.

It's a big deal.

In the city, the French army is a part of the world's world's world.

We couldn't Sandwell.....

...those communities and representation that were onlyThere mesh

in Asia toKING into experience of their motivations.

We are very tokenite.

I am not a good person, but I am a good person.

I am a good person, and I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person, and I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

Guerrilla Warfare is called the Little Brother of War.

The Europeans are appalled that they are Indian allies.

Who sees scalping as a sacred act.

Aah!

Today it is called Asymmetrical Warfare.

Using terror to unnerve a more powerful opponent.

Vodroy was born in Canada who understands the Canadian Francais as well as the units there.

It feels that this is perhaps the best way of conducting a war against a continental army.

You see much the same thing again in Iraq and Afghanistan.

How do you defeat superpowers?

Well, you fight them in ways that they are not prepared to fight.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

Aah!

Soar the Anglais.

Mo'con does not comprehend what Vodroy knows.

That without the Indians and their terror tactics, the war would have been lost decades earlier.

The financial cutbacks imposed by the French court are making relations shaky.

It's all done.

I am a good person.

I am a very good historian.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good politician.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

I am a good person.

Indian leaders back the French because the French keep their word.

They distrust the British American colonists who want their land and will lie, steal and kill together.

In the spring of 1759, the first ship of the season has spotted coming up the St. Lawrence.

It arrives with Antoine de Bouguerville.

He brings captured documents showing that a giant English armada is on its way to Quebec.

And there will be no help from France.

The objective principle of the French is the favorite of Mo'con.

Historian Denis Vourgeois.

The armies that appear on the Battle of Quebec are basically European armies who have absolutely no interest or affection for Canada.

The French have no love for the French Canadians.

They don't particularly like them.

They often treat them cruelly.

The British couldn't care less.

They are professional armies. They arrive.

They could have been fighting south of Paris or London.

They happen to be fighting outside of Quebec.

Leave the vote.

Leave the vote.

De Bouguerville will one day become a great explorer, rivaling Britain's Captain Cook.

He even has a flower named for him.

He is only 29 and has the reputation of being quite a ladies man.

They come in the game.

Incredibly, it may put him and all of new friends in peril.

We are going to go home.

In early June, the British fleet had dressed St. Lawrence, beginning a 1,000 mile journey upriver to Quebec.

This tall ship leads one of the biggest fleets assembled in British history.

49 warships armed with 1,871 guns, manned by 13,500 soldiers and seamen, as well as 140 merchantmen, carrying the army's supplies.

A board of 2,100 oil marines, equipped with 134 landing craft.

The fleet is so vast, it stretches 100 miles downriver.

In the far distance, Quebec is in sight, but there is a challenge.

Coming upriver, Quebec is intimidating.

The Indian word allegedly is where the river narrows and it does.

Suddenly, the widest urban world becomes a doorway and a very narrow doorway.

Near the French are counting on the river itself, for defence.

They are convinced that the local service in treacherous currents and shoals will destroy the English ships, especially at traverse.

Here the river splits. The upper channel to the north becomes impossible.

The lore is dangerously narrow and below the surface a minefield of hidden reefs.

The French have removed all marker boys.

They did not count on the pamphlet and master James Cook.

One day he will become legendary, mapping the Pacific.

At Quebec, he is part of a team of navigators.

They sail ahead of their motto, sounding the traverse from long boats, carefully mapping every hidden obstacle.

A quarter less than seven!

We're not used to the idea of a map affecting the course of history, but this one of the traverse opened the door to the back.

The naval historian Victor Souther says Cook also found an ingenious solution for the fleet to navigate the narrow channel.

They found the traverse, not much wider than the beam or the width across the largest warship, the 90 gun Neptune.

And what he did was anchor the long boats themselves as buoys with their bows in and the sterns facing out.

And the British warships had to sail through that very narrow line of long boats to soften the view of the L'Orlion.

It must have been a majestic sight, one by one, these huge vessels moving up silently through this narrow channel.

And when they arrived in the basin, there was a moment of astonishment for the French, who didn't expect that kind of naval achievement could occur.

But it also was a moment of revelation for the British, because after ritually voyaging a thousand miles into the interior of the continents, suddenly there was their objective.

There was the citadel sitting ahead of them, seemingly impregnable, glittering in the distance as it were.

So for both sides it was a moment of dread or surprise or revelation, but certainly a moment of high emotion.

And it is certainly a moment of high emotion from Montkomm, who has been assured such an English feat is impossible.

By the best seaman and pilots, he says, seem to be either liars or ignoramuses.

Wolf is not happy either. He was planning to attack the shoreline at Baupour, beside the city, but discovers that the French have it well defended.

Wolf has 100 days to conquer Quebec. After that, the fleet must sail for England to escape being iced inland.

Montkomm has to keep the English at bay off balance, even get lucky and earn their fleet.

For the wooden ships of the time, fire is the greatest peril.

Two nights after the English arrive, the French slathered seven old ships with tar and sent them a fire.

It's unable to story, I think, to suffer.

Fire ships were assembled up near the most of the St. Charles River, and then on the Ebbtide, they were let loose to come down through here.

Nydia was, they would sweep down on the British vessels.

In each case, the French ignited them too soon, and the British sailors were actually, in one case, able to row up with their longboats, put grapples into them, tow them off onto the shore.

And the longboats managed to haul them out just in time, saying things like, damn Jack, do you ever take hell in tow before?

Montkomms are, donically, observes that it is the most expensive firewood he has ever watched.

The French

Ongoing archaeological digs at Quebec City reveal history's small details.

Bombarded and burnt walled from Wolf's siege of the city in 1759.

Montkomms army is entrenched in the north of Quebec.

Wolf lands his army in cannons across the St. Lawrence, and begins in bombardment so fierce, before shadows the Heriot bomb in Germany in the Second World War.

Wolf does what bomber Harris does to Germany Wolf does to Quebec.

Basically, we'll start off with the heavy bombardment.

Batteries of troops leveling the city, what possible military use is it to level Quebec, and to blast these buildings apart.

You're not killing any of Montkomms troops, but you are forcing the people to leave.

You're destroying homes.

The constant shelling of Quebec, the fires, that is demoralizing.

By the time it's over, the cathedral and half the city will be reduced to blackened stone and burnt timbers.

Historian Denis Vojuire

The city of Paris is the first place to be.

It's the first place to be in Paris, and it's the first place to be.

It's the first place to be in the city.

If you summon the place to surrender and it doesn't surrender, then you can bombard it.

And the civilians in Quebec have been evacuated as French sources themselves tell us.

By the time Wolf was really subjecting Quebec to a heavy bombardment, there were very few civilians in it.

So I think if you're going to accuse Wolf of War crimes, we have to get this into proportion,

and to think what a war crime really is, otherwise you're diluting the term.

He did it because he was hoping that by doing this he would force Montkomm to come out,

and do something to stop the ravage as he described it in his letter to Pitt.

So there was actually a reason for what was done.

Now, did Wolf massacre civilians?

Was there some bloody rampage through the St. Lawrence Valley?

No, it wasn't. There's no evidence for that at all.

What there is evidence for is that Wolf specifically mentioned,

repeated in his official army orders, any man who harms a woman or child will face death.

Precipitated by his own officers, Wolf is about to face a leadership crisis.

Mid-summer, Wolf's frustration is mounting.

My antagonist has wisely shut himself up in inaccessible entrenchments,

so that I can't get at him without spilling a torrent of blood, and that perhaps too little purpose.

Montkomm is at the head of a great number of bad soldiers,

and I am at the head of a small number of good ones that wish for nothing so much as to fight him.

The 31st of July, 1759, Wolf looks for a weak point in the Quebec defences.

He launches an attack at Montmorasi Falls,

and able to get his big ships with her cannon close enough to protect the landing,

everything goes wrong.

It has his fears. A torrent of British blood is spilled.

210 killed, 230 wounded.

The stress on the 32-year-old Wolf begins to tell.

I am not willing.

Montkomm is holding her brilliantly. Wolf's health is not.

Preparing to fight a battle that will settle the fate of North America, Wolf is in constant pain.

From his early twenties, Wolf is suffering from what his contemporaries refer to as the gravel,

which is an accumulation of crystals in the bladder, something akin to kidney stones.

We know from Wolf's own journal he has been tormented. His bladder is sadly racked.

He is suffering this terrible pain.

Francois, a table of blood.

We know from a contemporary report which is sent back to one of Wolf's friends in England,

that soon after arriving in Quebec, Wolf was passing bloody water. His urine was tainted with blood.

Some historians argue Wolf is slowly dying of consumption, impurable tuberculosis,

and so was suicidal, seeking a quick end, a glorious battlefield death.

Historian Bromwell says this portrait, done at the time, is not the picture of a dying man.

If you die of consumption, you don't get sent to Quebec in command of a major operation.

So, he wasn't well, but whatever it was that was afflicting him, he'd learn to deal with, he'd learn to contain.

Wolf's trio of second-in-command officers doubts his leadership.

Brigadier's Mundt in Murray and Townsend.

The ambitious, artistic Townsend did these cartoons of the Red-Herd Wolf and circulated them among the officers.

Some reek of Townsend's upper-class view of the middle-class wolf and a certain amount of jealousy.

The

Imagine One of Caesar's legionnaires showing cheap and snotty-dirressive cartoons.

It's unthinkable. And here, one of the great commanders of the British Army in his own officers' mess,

trusted Brigadier's passing around insulting creatures at Pope, fun and ridicule his commanding officer.

They're a difficult group to command and control.

They probably could be brought to heel if Wolf had a plan to produce results.

Wolf does it. His first major operational effort is basically D.E.P.

landing at the Bocorchour and being massacred.

Wolf is concentrating his operations below Quebec because his big ships and their cannons cannot get up the narrows of the St. Lawrence past the city.

The French and their cannons command the Heights and the prevailing wind is blowing west in the wrong direction.

Right now we're passing through the narrows, which are right below the bluffs of Quebec, the highest point of the Iraqi formation, which the fortifications were built.

And this was the most dangerous point. It was here that homes, our rear-endable homes, attempted to move some of the ships upriver into a landing upriver.

Using flood tides, using east winds at night, they managed to get vessels as large as a subtlety, and other smaller frigates upriver, at least as far as Cap Rouge.

Mocom was now defended territory stretching from the Bocorchour on the east, Quebec City and the centre, and Cap Rouge to the west.

The Sevens are

The Board of Sloopness typically means the terror of France, Wolf is searching for a place to land his army.

He goes back to a spot discovered earlier in the summer.

Master Koch, what must the possibilities be of a landing over there?

The cliff is steep, but it's close to the city, and Wolf is desperate.

I think they might do the job, sir.

On the St Lawrence, just to the west of Quebec City, Wolf's landing spot, the Foulon Cove.

It's so dangerously steep that the French officer commanding atop the cliff is convinced, like his superiors, that there is no threat.

It's a very difficult place to land, and it's a very difficult place to land.

There is the plan.

While some Navy ships launch fake attacks along the Bocorchour, pinning down Mocom and most of his army, Wolf will float on the tie in a series of longboats from the anchorage at Cap Rouge to the landing spot at Foulon Cove.

Split by Townsend, the generals derive Wolf's plan.

Everyone down the line, I think, at some point, went, we're going to go where?

At night? And do what?

Okay, and your plan is...

What is that?

Sir, the latest rubbish being passed around.

My brigadiers...

...to cowards in a villain.

One of the great unanswered questions of history, how did Wolf do it?

I calculate that from this point.

Wolf has intelligence from a French desert, that he is not sharing with his brigadiers.

Half of Mocom's army is at Cap Rouge with the Wuggenville.

At the Foulon Cove, most of the French Guard has been allowed to go home to collect the harvest.

As well, there is a radical new theory about Wolf's approach to the attack, and why he picked the night of September 12, 1759 to carry it out.

A number of historians were concerned with Wolf's reputation.

The fact that many people had written about him as being a largely inept commander, who had largely stumbled on his victory, really needed to be put to rest.

Some 250 years later, when the river conditions were exactly the same as the eve of the invasion, a boatload of nautical scientists and historians proved that Wolf's maneuver was far more than a piece of luck.

So what these historians did was, using modern technology, including GPS technology, they essentially recreated that voyage.

They departed from the anchorage at St. Niccolo at approximately the same time, on a night where you had the same conditions of moonlight, same conditions of tidal flow that Wolf had on September 12, 1759.

And they found that they arrived at the Ansu Foulon landing site at exactly the time when Wolf, in fact, arrived, and as Wolf probably had planned.

I'd suggest that there was far more intelligence and planning on Wolf's part the night of September 12, that has been recognized up until now.

Conditions on the night in question were unusually good for exactly the kind of operation that was planned, and the position of the moon was also very favorable for troops coming down the river.

Beyond the French fortifications, the moon rose illuminating most of the river, but the shoreline on the left is shadowed by the cliffs. This is where Wolf's flotilla come.

Wolf's selection of the night of September 12 was masterly. He picked out only the appropriate time for tides. He also picked the night when the moon, in fact, it would be a mast, as operations were planned.

And then the wind was

from the vision of any watching sentries. It was a remarkable stroke.

Wolf writes his fiancée, sending back to portrait and lock of her hair. Some say he was either suicidal or had a premonition.

Any idea that the Foulon operation was some kind of hair-brained suicide mission, some kind of wolf death wish, just doesn't really stand up.

It is a carefully planned risky, but carefully planned highly professional operation, which is a gamble and will depend on luck, but then again which military operation doesn't depend on luck.

The Brahma has poetry. Wolf admires a poem called Grey's Elegy. His fiancée had given him a copy. His officers testify that on the eve of the battle, he recited the poem from memory.

With a surprising finale. The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, and all that beauty, all that welfare gave, a waiter like the inevitable hour.

Pals of glory lead butt to the grave.

I would rather have written those words and take me back upon the morrow.

A single lamp is lit on the flagship. The signal for Wolf's force to bore their landing craft. The signal to slip down River T

is a plan of very human soldiers. For even the bravest, the prospect of battle triggers a well-known response. A blow or bullet to a full bladder boosts the risk of infection if it bursts.

The action shows the tide has turned towards Quebec City.

I believe we have our tide.

With precision and in silence, both carrying the lead force of 1800 British soldiers begin a journey into history.

The next few hours will decide who will rule North America and most of the world.

While Wolf is approaching above Quebec,

Montcom's force below this is firing away at the fate of English attacks designed to confuse the French general and but where the real assault is going to come.

Montcom has called the old Fox, but as the hours march towards a decision, he has no idea what Wolf is up to.

In 1788 aWhat does it mean to be a bit more forms going forward enough through all contracts and work really in La

I want to make you swallow

Good, good g cliché gracious!

We both live this world now too,

and we know that I am ZULO

Suddenly a wall of rock and trees lunes up before them.

Out of the night comes a challenge from a French century.

Chiviv.

Yelles of French century. Who goes there?

La France. Viv La Roire.

Answers the Fraser Highlander.

Through a combination of luck and chance,

the French had been planning to send a convoy of supply boats down river

on the same night.

And the contractor who was sending the boats down

cancelled that voyage at the very last moment.

But what he didn't forgot to do was to send a message to the French Commander

Bougainville, Upper River, and who would pass it on to the centuries

that the trip was cancelled so the centuries were expecting a passage of French boats.

An officer records the exact moment of the landing, 404 a.m.

The first English boats overshoot their landing beach by 400 paces

and land on a rock beach basing a cliff so steep it seems straight up.

I do not think we can buy any possible means here up here.

It might indeed be a full-on hook.

We must use our best endeavor.

Softly, gentlemen. Softly.

I'm dondered. The young Scots are unpractically bound up the start

and then relentlessly pull themselves and two canons off the shale face.

Their mood slipping, but holding on to shrubs and branches.

This landing place ever since no one has wolves cold

has less than three kilometers from the walls of Bougainville.

They are climbing into the belly of the enemy, led by their general.

These afflictions have been swept away in the surge of a drum.

Carpe by surprise, defenders die on the spot.

One escapes, they turn into a worth more calm.

The next day, we are going to explore the next day.

We are going to explore the city of Paris.

We are going to explore the city of Paris,

and we are going to explore the city of Paris.

And at the end, we are going to look at the

A cross Abraham Martin's pasture, Wolf sets out with a screen of soldiers to find the

best place to confront the French, where the French about to spring some trap.

Some thought Wolf was digging his own grave, putting himself between Bougainville and Cap Rouge

and Montcomme at Quebec City.

Or would he bury the French in that grave?

We're in God's name of the French.

And finally, after all these months, forcing them into battle.

This soldier has run eight kilometers from the spot where Wolf landed.

His message that Wolf and his army are ashore is not welcome.

By 7 a.m. Wolf has landed 1500 soldiers.

By 9 a.m. with the support of the big warships, the Navy is ferrying in other 3000 Redcoats,

across the St. Lawrence, where they climbed the battlefield above.

Governor Vodroy prepares a dispatch, alerting Bougainville of the landing.

Montcomme was heard to whisper,

they're the British stand where they ought not to be.

They're not the only ones who are here.

They're the only ones who are here.

But they're not the only ones who are here.

They're the only ones who are here, they're the only ones who are here.

They're the only ones who are here, they're the only ones who are here.

They're the only ones who are here, they're the only ones who are here.

Captain All Night by Wolf's faken packs, Montcomme's exhausted army marches the battlefield.

This original map referring to the heights of Abraham depicts the position of the opposing

armies.

Wolf's 4,500 men in red, and in front of the walls of Quebec, Montcomme's army in

blue, with a force of similar size.

justice, his

37, 38, 39, 40.

40 paces from the British line of stake marks the killing zone.

No matter how many are shot down, the British troops will not fire until a French reach this spot.

We only Acc toe Spo Greene did the exact same thing but could go for some line of stake marks.

If on June 28, Lincoln undermined his line of stake marks,

in its land is the biggest

Free juices that infancy has grown

How can other nations keep colour from the British?

Crane will die, or be wounded before the battle begins

But what the British plot could particularly, to the whole fashion of linear tactics, was

an enormous discipline, the capacity to remain patiently waiting in an ordered formation,

even while you're under fire.

The British were supreme masters of that.

The French and Indian sniping did the most damage at the far ends of the British line.

Wolf promenade is nonchalance, steadies the men.

He walks the front line, chatting casually.

Wolf demonstrates absolutely no concern in the face of enemy fire.

bones.

Freyzers rise up.

Here, you little gunner!

Clear that brush!

He is the moment of decision for Mulkam.

Does he wait for a Bougainville and his elite force,

or does he attack before the British are entrenched?

That first rider that was finally caught up with him...

was brought to Numberson of the translator,

who outlooks his life hip-hop connection with the organization in New York.

Is that a Latino?

Let me just say.

They are celebrated in the world about creating a library of buildings,

this could not be

produced in polls with the persones with if he was Teaching me.

There is a great unresolved mystery.

Where was Bougainville?

With 2,000 soldiers, his headquarters is at Cap Rouge.

He is responsible for defending the territory, where Wolf is landing at the full on cold.

When popular legend is Bougainville far from his post, in the arms of another man's wife, a certain madame to Vien.

Moving after spending weeks of great attention to duty, left Cap Rouge on the night of September 12th to have dinner, and perhaps more with Madame de Vien.

And that night, Wolf picked to make us landing.

General Troussou supports the official story, where it takes time to get an army marching.

Bougainville magnates as he combines with the most powerful troops under the borders of his army.

Once Bougainville BenjaminongPs cast victory for his angle, he begins the fight against other troops and his soldiers arguments at the appropriately speaking army.

America

There are many here in Russia

who have taken such a long time

And never until all night

There is a EdgeoreAnd

in which people are familiar with their heads

This is a excellent invented

When others go years,

the fear of having a bullying could cause drama.

I wasses naturally and nasty.

But I find it more attractive to families

to cruise around the festers withING.

Governments always believe God.

Really,ères, in this pouch, in this pouch.

Run!

A jump

May the

Get in!

Get fire!

The battle of the plains of Abraham is often seen as a triad for controlled British firepower.

In the centre of the line, two of the battalions, some sort of 700 men there, apparently delivered their fire as one mast folly.

Each musket was loaded with two balls. Each of those balls weighed more than an ounce.

I'm not a mathematician, but you think about it, 40 yards range of pouring in a heavy amount of lead into those oncoming columns.

So in many respects it had the same effect as the machine gun did in the first World War.

Wolf has made too good a target, although it smashes him in the wrist.

Get the advance!

Careful!

Attack!

Attack!

Attack!

Attack!

There are differing accounts of the enemy.

It could have been snipers, but more likely a cannon loaded with golf ball-sized shot.

Wolf has struck in the groin and squared in the chest.

Don't let the men see me down, he said.

Wolf has carried off the field, but after 100 meters, he cannot go on.

On the battlefield, it is a decisive moment.

As Wolf lies down, the French line breaks.

French Canadian militia used to grill the warfare, and our treaty will blank with these long-term, constant towns, and build your main style.

By the time the smoke cleared from the third volley, it was evident that the discipline British fire had essentially destroyed the French formations.

It had only taken ten minutes, but it was ten minutes that decided to fade of North America.

They run.

Look how they run.

Oh, all runs.

The enemies!

They give way everywhere.

Now I die, content.

Why not?

You're the Colonel, back.

Wolf's final order is a command to Colonel Burton, telling him to march a regiment down to the river and cut off the French retreat.

No, don't be brave.

I die in peace.

The law of his Majesty's ship, Louis Tauft, recorded how it went today.

At seven landed all our troops on the North Shore.

At ten, our troops began a general action with the French.

At eleven, it was brought on board the corpse of General Wolf.

After a long time ago, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy.

The Fraser Hyung and the closing uncle back, when they suddenly went to the river in fire, the French Canadian militia and the Indians.

They stopped their time, and to the moment, they saved the city.

But the battle is lost.

You are here.

That is your territory targets mine card.

Slap not tears into his stomach and thaw, but my wolf.

He tries to disguise the severity of the wound.

In fact, he will not believe today.

His soldiers keep him in the saddle as he enters correct for the west hunt.

Morgan Miller rises at the battlefield just ahead of his elite force.

Far too late.

This painting depicts Moan Khan expiring as he lies on a mattress in the middle of the battlefield,

a rendition comically inaccurate.

In fact, even the best known painting of Moan Khan was done after he died,

based on his wife's remembrance of what he looked like.

This is the most accurate rendition of the death scene.

As Moan Khan lies dying, he is tormented with panicked requests for advice from Fort Roy.

We eventually flees to much at all.

We are now in the middle of the

tradition of that.

About noon, Moan Khan has informed that he has only hours to live.

He has told the French will formally surrender Quebec on the moral.

He has last recorded words.

We are now in the area of Paris.

We are now in the area of Paris.

That's good.

I won't be alive to see the English, enter Quebec.

Moan Khan dies in the arms of his church,

but it is also the death of the French regime in North America.

Keep me a key, Piaude.

Today, the battle is regarded by many as one of the key moments in the creation of the British Empire.

France renounces all claims to Canada.

The enormity of New France is no more.

The most important thing is that the French government is not going to be able to do it.

England goes wild at the news of Wolf's Victory.

Ironically, the cost of the seven years war leads England to tax the American colonies to pay for it.

They revolt, and in 1776, with help from France, stage a winning revolution.

Wolf's fiancé is devastated.

Catherine Lather receives back the locket of her hair,

and portrait Wolf gave her on the eve of the battle.

In her grief, she burns all his letters.

I remember his Quebec's official motto,

but what is remembered about the battle fought on his hilly past your outside Quebec?

Depends on where you stand.

Wolf remains controversial.

It is little no one that before the battle, the young general fluent in French,

wrote out generous terms of surrender,

guaranteeing Quebec's institutions, which have remained French to this day.

This is at a time when Catholicism cannot even be practiced in Britain.

And it scarcely says to me, someone who regarded Canadians as vermin,

hated Canadians with a passion, and wanted nothing more than to humiliate or to annihilate them.

What we've got here is a continuity of key French-Canadian institutions.

This monument was inscribed with the words,

Heredied Wolf, victorious.

The monument became the target of nationalists,

and in 1963 was blowing up.

A new monument was erected, but this time the words were changed to read simply,

Heredied Wolf, the word victorious, was dropped.

While nationalists blew up his statue, and in Quebec,

some history books have tried to blow up his reputation.

England peated over the bat and turned him into a mythic figure.

The painting by Benjamin West, a very famous iconic painting that the death of General Wolf,

is a very good example of the saying that truth is the first casualty of war.

We start to gradually eliminate who we would regard as the intruders, the imposters,

the soldier in green, the ranger.

We know that Wolf had rangers at Quebec, but on the 13th September,

his rangers were all downriver on a kind of a ravaging expedition burning farmhouses,

so we can eliminate that ranger.

The figure who we know to be Robert Moncton, who has his hand inside his tunic,

where we know actually Moncton had been shot through the lava.

Only four of the men depicted in this painting were actually present when Wolf died.

The rest paid the artist to become part of history.

The battlefield is a stirring place for Quebec City's chief archaeologist, William Moss.

I'm very moved being here to know that the battle took place here.

Several hundred French soldiers killed here.

A hundred or so British soldiers killed thousands of soldiers in both caps, wounded, severely wounded.

All around us now. That really touches me as an archaeologist and as a historian.

In 2002, a new memorial was dedicated to the soldiers who died fighting this battle.

This sculpture depicts two men fighting to the death,

and below a boat waits to take them across the river of death.

In a trench-like memorial, the names of French soldiers who died in the Seven Years' War are carefully carved.

There are even one or two British, Scots who happen to be Catholic.

Bones and a skull thought to be Moncton's were moved to this tomb in a ceremony led by the Premier of Quebec.

It is little known that testing later showed that the skull and most of the bones are not Moncton's.

While the French who died on the battlefield are remembered with grace and dignity,

those who died capturing Quebec have met a different end.

The hospital gardens where the English soldiers are buried have been paved over.

Fifty-eight British soldiers were killed on the plains of Abraham.

Ten times as many died over the winter, so they were put in mass graves in the gardens of the monastery complex,

which is where we are now. The gardens were here in the 18th century.

So the mass graves and the British soldiers are under our feet,

and are very near to where we are presently.

The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, and all the beauty all that wealth air gave,

a way to like the inevitable hour.

The paths of glory lead back to the grave.

History sometimes remembers vectors and their paths of glory.

As wolf studied Caesar, so generals who followed wolf studied his amphibious tactics of the plains of Abraham.

Officers like five star general Douglas MacArthur, who planned a bold landing behind enemy lions.

In the Korean War, saying, I will surprise them.

Like wolf at Quebec.

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