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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:04,860 --> 00:00:08,540 Shadowy assassins who vanish into the crowd. 2 00:00:09,300 --> 00:00:12,980 Double agents who sell their own country's secrets. 3 00:00:13,760 --> 00:00:18,100 And coded messages hiding in plain sight. 4 00:00:20,620 --> 00:00:27,000 Throughout history, spies have played a unique role in shaping world events. 5 00:00:27,360 --> 00:00:32,658 And these secret agents work at the behest of an organization, a government, 6 00:00:32,659 --> 00:00:34,099 perhaps even a single leader. 7 00:00:34,540 --> 00:00:39,939 Their covert orders could range from simply collecting information or 8 00:00:39,940 --> 00:00:43,560 as deadly serious as assassinating an enemy. 9 00:00:45,340 --> 00:00:51,219 Secrecy is critical to a spy's success. So how do these masters of deception 10 00:00:51,220 --> 00:00:54,640 fulfill their assignments without getting caught? 11 00:00:56,100 --> 00:00:59,080 Well, that is what we'll try and find out. 12 00:01:13,550 --> 00:01:18,630 The CIA, MI6, and MSS. 13 00:01:18,631 --> 00:01:22,929 These are the foreign intelligence services for some of the most powerful 14 00:01:22,930 --> 00:01:24,090 countries in the world. 15 00:01:25,030 --> 00:01:31,889 These agencies and hundreds of others engage in clandestine operations to 16 00:01:31,890 --> 00:01:33,670 aid and protect their countries. 17 00:01:34,270 --> 00:01:38,949 For many, their mission is to gather the most closely guarded secrets of their 18 00:01:38,950 --> 00:01:43,130 enemies. And their secret weapon are often... 19 00:01:45,199 --> 00:01:51,019 Spies. Spies are utilized by states to collect intelligence that is necessary 20 00:01:51,020 --> 00:01:52,160 advance policymaking. 21 00:01:52,680 --> 00:01:57,959 From figuring out whether an adversary has nuclear weapons to figuring out 22 00:01:57,960 --> 00:02:01,080 whether a leader of a foreign state is about to die. 23 00:02:01,420 --> 00:02:06,119 We have intelligence agencies that specialize in visual intelligence. They 24 00:02:06,120 --> 00:02:07,170 satellite imagery. 25 00:02:07,171 --> 00:02:11,099 We have intelligence agencies that specialize in the interception of 26 00:02:11,100 --> 00:02:12,150 communication. 27 00:02:12,650 --> 00:02:17,149 But there are spies that more commonly comes to mind, which is the people at 28 00:02:17,150 --> 00:02:21,189 front line, the individuals who are willing to put their lives at risk to 29 00:02:21,190 --> 00:02:22,240 information. 30 00:02:22,510 --> 00:02:28,269 At the end of the day, it's a life of mystery and intrigue because the spy 31 00:02:28,270 --> 00:02:33,989 is kind of its own domain. It remains this kind of puzzle or mystery that most 32 00:02:33,990 --> 00:02:39,829 people will not have exposure to beyond those few moments we read about in the 33 00:02:39,830 --> 00:02:40,880 newspaper. 34 00:02:42,190 --> 00:02:47,629 Hollywood movies and books and TV have made it seem like spies are some kind of 35 00:02:47,630 --> 00:02:53,209 superhero. That is nothing like real espionage. The purpose of espionage is 36 00:02:53,210 --> 00:02:56,950 be so secret that nobody even knows you're there. 37 00:02:57,330 --> 00:03:02,949 True professional espionage is in and out without anyone ever even knowing it 38 00:03:02,950 --> 00:03:08,730 happened. That makes your average spy much more like an average person. 39 00:03:09,640 --> 00:03:13,320 And what's required of a spy changes from day to day. 40 00:03:13,780 --> 00:03:15,460 One day we're hunting terrorists. 41 00:03:15,940 --> 00:03:19,380 Sometime later, we're exchanging information in secret. 42 00:03:20,420 --> 00:03:22,280 Someday we're fighting a war on drugs. 43 00:03:22,720 --> 00:03:25,250 Some days we're fighting a war on misinformation. 44 00:03:25,420 --> 00:03:31,579 It's an incredible web of information and impact that the average person is 45 00:03:31,580 --> 00:03:32,630 aware of. 46 00:03:33,360 --> 00:03:37,100 How can we ever hope to understand the mysterious world of espionage? 47 00:03:37,840 --> 00:03:40,240 if it remains completely hidden from us? 48 00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:46,659 Well, every so often, information does come to light that illustrates how a 49 00:03:46,660 --> 00:03:49,900 single spy can change the course of history. 50 00:03:53,560 --> 00:03:56,840 Los Alamos, New Mexico, 1943. 51 00:03:58,020 --> 00:04:03,379 A massive scientific complex is established in secret for the research 52 00:04:03,380 --> 00:04:05,610 development of a truly devastating weapon. 53 00:04:06,240 --> 00:04:11,019 This laboratory becomes ground zero for the most consequential, top -secret 54 00:04:11,020 --> 00:04:13,260 military program ever devised. 55 00:04:13,900 --> 00:04:17,019 It's called the Manhattan Project. 56 00:04:17,959 --> 00:04:24,019 The Manhattan Project was this top -secret, federally funded, $2 billion 57 00:04:24,020 --> 00:04:30,999 to explore whether it was possible to develop an atomic weapon in 58 00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:32,200 the midst of World War II. 59 00:04:32,990 --> 00:04:38,409 And they built this secret city in Los Alamos, gathering together chemists and 60 00:04:38,410 --> 00:04:44,089 engineers and physicists and other scientists into one spot so that these 61 00:04:44,090 --> 00:04:50,709 scientists can collaborate and fully converse inside this secret city to 62 00:04:50,710 --> 00:04:51,760 this weapon. 63 00:04:52,150 --> 00:04:57,669 As history shows, these scientists would prove successful in creating the atomic 64 00:04:57,670 --> 00:04:58,720 bomb. 65 00:04:58,970 --> 00:05:04,659 But little did they know at the time, There was a spy among them, sharing the 66 00:05:04,660 --> 00:05:06,340 program's most intimate secrets. 67 00:05:08,060 --> 00:05:14,619 His codename was Rest, but his identity has since been revealed to be a German 68 00:05:14,620 --> 00:05:17,740 physicist named Klaus Fuchs. 69 00:05:18,960 --> 00:05:24,839 Klaus came from Germany, and because of his prior background as a physicist, he 70 00:05:24,840 --> 00:05:28,980 quickly got a job within the Manhattan program in Los Alamos. 71 00:05:29,920 --> 00:05:35,199 And unknown to the people there, Fuchs began to share information with the 72 00:05:35,200 --> 00:05:36,820 Soviets about the program. 73 00:05:37,480 --> 00:05:42,939 The U .S. counterintelligence program that involved decrypting Soviet 74 00:05:42,940 --> 00:05:48,639 communications revealed the scope of the information that Fuchs collected and 75 00:05:48,640 --> 00:05:49,940 shared with the Soviets. 76 00:05:50,200 --> 00:05:56,419 In his particular role as a lead scientist within the program and access 77 00:05:56,420 --> 00:06:00,999 development of the bomb, He was able to share pretty detailed technical 78 00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:06,519 information about the science that goes into the generation and enrichment of 79 00:06:06,520 --> 00:06:12,739 plutonium, which served a huge deal in advancing the Russians' capacities in 80 00:06:12,740 --> 00:06:13,790 those spaces. 81 00:06:14,160 --> 00:06:18,599 And he collected intelligence and shared intelligence for about seven years 82 00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:19,920 until it was revealed. 83 00:06:21,380 --> 00:06:25,140 The greatest find in the history of espionage... 84 00:06:25,690 --> 00:06:28,470 is the theft of the atomic secret. 85 00:06:29,230 --> 00:06:33,050 Klaus Fuchs pretty much shared the recipe with the Soviet Union. 86 00:06:33,670 --> 00:06:39,909 The Soviet Union was able to get a nuclear weapon roughly five years before 87 00:06:39,910 --> 00:06:41,410 could have done it on their own. 88 00:06:41,930 --> 00:06:44,670 The moment they had the nuke, they were a world power. 89 00:06:45,490 --> 00:06:51,109 If one spy can alter the course of atomic history, how else has espionage 90 00:06:51,110 --> 00:06:52,160 our world? 91 00:06:53,450 --> 00:06:59,510 Has secret intelligence informed nearly every major event in human history? 92 00:07:01,090 --> 00:07:07,390 You have to assume that you only know about 5 % of all espionage operations. 93 00:07:07,610 --> 00:07:12,109 Every negotiation, every diplomatic agreement, every transition of power 94 00:07:12,110 --> 00:07:16,589 one president to another president. For 167 countries all over the world over 95 00:07:16,590 --> 00:07:20,390 the course of decades, intelligence had a role to play in every one of those. 96 00:07:21,120 --> 00:07:25,359 So now when you start to ask yourself about how the Soviet Union fell and you 97 00:07:25,360 --> 00:07:29,939 start to ask yourself about how the end of Afghanistan happened and the winning 98 00:07:29,940 --> 00:07:34,939 of Gulf War II and the taking down of Saddam Hussein, you start to see these 99 00:07:34,940 --> 00:07:40,000 major instances in history where intelligence worked or failed. 100 00:07:41,140 --> 00:07:45,679 So when you try to consider the impact that espionage has had over the long 101 00:07:45,680 --> 00:07:50,500 -term history of the world, You have to remember that 95 % of what they've done, 102 00:07:50,540 --> 00:07:54,860 nobody knows about, except for need -to -know secret circles. 103 00:07:55,900 --> 00:08:01,479 It's really pretty chilling if you think about the effect that just a single spy 104 00:08:01,480 --> 00:08:04,420 or intelligence source can have on world events. 105 00:08:04,840 --> 00:08:11,599 And the irony is that we often don't know what that impact is until many 106 00:08:11,600 --> 00:08:15,160 or even decades later, or sometimes ever at all. 107 00:08:16,270 --> 00:08:22,949 Even historians looking back on historical events or geopolitical 108 00:08:22,950 --> 00:08:29,349 may never have access to the behind -the -scenes intrigue and espionage 109 00:08:29,350 --> 00:08:34,030 that took place or the machinations of various intelligence organizations. 110 00:08:34,409 --> 00:08:38,750 But for sure, spies really can change the course of history. 111 00:08:44,330 --> 00:08:46,210 Washington, D .C., 2025. 112 00:08:46,810 --> 00:08:48,610 The International Spy Museum. 113 00:08:49,610 --> 00:08:55,309 This sleek, modern building houses over 7 ,000 unique artifacts from the history 114 00:08:55,310 --> 00:08:56,630 of espionage. 115 00:08:56,890 --> 00:09:02,769 Among them are ingenious devices created to hide things, record secret 116 00:09:02,770 --> 00:09:08,550 conversations, and some are even meant to kill. 117 00:09:09,710 --> 00:09:14,609 The International Spy Museum houses the world's largest collection of 118 00:09:14,610 --> 00:09:17,370 intelligence and espionage -related artefacts. 119 00:09:17,750 --> 00:09:24,209 We have all kinds of ingenious devices to do all different types of stuff. So a 120 00:09:24,210 --> 00:09:28,689 lot of the gadgets that we see are there to try to help to be a more effective 121 00:09:28,690 --> 00:09:33,130 agent, to recruit spies better, to steal secrets better. 122 00:09:34,090 --> 00:09:37,530 And we've got a fantastic James Bond collection. 123 00:09:38,920 --> 00:09:43,539 Some of the James Bond movies have actually influenced the development of 124 00:09:43,540 --> 00:09:45,180 gadgets in the CIA. 125 00:09:46,300 --> 00:09:51,679 CIA directors come out of the movie theatre and say, guys, do we have 126 00:09:51,680 --> 00:09:56,419 like this? And if we don't, can someone get on it? So we know that there's a two 127 00:09:56,420 --> 00:10:00,880 -way interaction between the gadgets in fiction and in reality. 128 00:10:02,990 --> 00:10:07,330 When you look at spy gadgets, a lot of them are weapons of one thing or 129 00:10:07,490 --> 00:10:10,140 but you're always trying to come up with new gadgets. 130 00:10:10,710 --> 00:10:16,189 So the KGB came up with a lipstick gun, which was a little 4 .5 millimeter 131 00:10:16,190 --> 00:10:18,600 bullet that could be fired from a lipstick tube. 132 00:10:18,990 --> 00:10:25,889 The CIA had an ice gun, which fired a super cool needle of ice, preferably 133 00:10:25,890 --> 00:10:28,720 through your opponent's heart. That was all around 1960. 134 00:10:28,721 --> 00:10:33,089 And then there are famous exploding cigars, which they were going to blow 135 00:10:33,090 --> 00:10:34,150 Fidel Castro's head. 136 00:10:34,970 --> 00:10:41,009 But to the extent that secret weapons, spy weapons programs exist, they're 137 00:10:41,010 --> 00:10:45,090 secret, which is why you don't know about them, because you're not supposed 138 00:10:45,950 --> 00:10:50,389 Over the years, some spy gadgets have either been declassified or leaked to 139 00:10:50,390 --> 00:10:51,440 public. 140 00:10:51,730 --> 00:10:56,309 However, what's less clear is whether any of these fantastical and frankly 141 00:10:56,310 --> 00:10:57,360 bizarre devices 142 00:10:58,110 --> 00:11:00,210 were ever successfully put to use. 143 00:11:01,650 --> 00:11:06,129 But there is a curious instrument of death that many believe was responsible 144 00:11:06,130 --> 00:11:12,009 one of the most infamous and unsolved assassinations of the 20th century, the 145 00:11:12,010 --> 00:11:16,950 1978 murder of British journalist Georgi Markov. 146 00:11:19,030 --> 00:11:22,830 Markov was a dissident in Bulgaria, and he was loud. 147 00:11:24,230 --> 00:11:27,590 And he had to flee. He wound up in the United Kingdom. 148 00:11:27,850 --> 00:11:33,830 And he got employed by the BBC and Radio Free Europe, 149 00:11:33,890 --> 00:11:40,869 which we absolutely hated because it was Western propaganda directed to the 150 00:11:40,870 --> 00:11:46,029 East. And he got louder and louder. And the Bulgarians, I think it was the 151 00:11:46,030 --> 00:11:48,200 president, he wanted to get rid of this guy. 152 00:11:48,880 --> 00:11:55,659 On September 7th, 1978, at around 1 .30 p .m., Markov is about to catch a bus 153 00:11:55,660 --> 00:12:01,680 on the Waterloo Bridge in London when something very strange happens. 154 00:12:02,920 --> 00:12:09,359 Yogi Markov bumps into somebody at a bus stop, and this individual is carrying 155 00:12:09,360 --> 00:12:15,680 an umbrella, and Yogi Markov feels some pain in his leg. 156 00:12:16,480 --> 00:12:21,560 And the individual concerned mutters an apology and climbs into a taxi. 157 00:12:22,080 --> 00:12:29,059 And Markov, from that moment onwards, becomes ill. He goes to hospital later 158 00:12:29,060 --> 00:12:35,219 that night, and a few days later, he succumbs to a very severe 159 00:12:35,220 --> 00:12:36,340 infection. 160 00:12:39,120 --> 00:12:44,340 Doctors who examined his body found red swelling on the back of his thigh. 161 00:12:45,210 --> 00:12:52,149 And in a microscopic examination of the flesh from the wound site, they 162 00:12:52,150 --> 00:12:57,710 discovered a tiny, tiny, less than two millimeter size little ball, 163 00:12:58,070 --> 00:13:05,049 mostly made out of platinum, which had holes drilled in it as a means 164 00:13:05,050 --> 00:13:06,850 to administer a poison. 165 00:13:07,330 --> 00:13:12,890 The poison, which has never been officially identified, was most likely 166 00:13:13,400 --> 00:13:17,760 which is a highly toxic substance, which is refined from castor beans. 167 00:13:19,060 --> 00:13:24,620 How was this deadly platinum ball implanted into Georgie Markov? 168 00:13:25,180 --> 00:13:29,359 Answers were not easy to come by, but then investigators remembered one 169 00:13:29,360 --> 00:13:34,040 seemingly minor detail that may provide all the answers. 170 00:13:34,680 --> 00:13:36,080 Oh, that umbrella. 171 00:13:36,820 --> 00:13:38,380 What was that all about? 172 00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:43,119 And later we learned that one of the things that both the KGB and the 173 00:13:43,120 --> 00:13:44,900 had come up with was an umbrella gun. 174 00:13:45,660 --> 00:13:47,600 They had a whole lab working on this. 175 00:13:48,060 --> 00:13:52,659 And there was a little tiny capsule that was in the tip of the umbrella which 176 00:13:52,660 --> 00:13:53,710 had a needle on it. 177 00:13:53,900 --> 00:13:56,820 And you just poked somebody and then walked away. 178 00:13:58,580 --> 00:14:03,219 How do you kill somebody in plain daylight, in public, without anybody 179 00:14:03,220 --> 00:14:06,339 about it? And the answer is that you find a way to create some sort of device 180 00:14:06,340 --> 00:14:07,390 like an umbrella. 181 00:14:08,120 --> 00:14:12,439 that blends in every day but can still deliver a lethal dose when you need it 182 00:14:12,440 --> 00:14:13,399 to. 183 00:14:13,400 --> 00:14:18,379 This is exactly what makes spy agencies and spy tech something of interest and 184 00:14:18,380 --> 00:14:22,339 renown, because there's a great deal of effort, a great deal of investment 185 00:14:22,340 --> 00:14:24,700 that's put into making a clandestine weapon. 186 00:14:25,780 --> 00:14:31,179 The umbrella suspected of killing Georgie Marka was never recovered, so 187 00:14:31,180 --> 00:14:35,899 investigators had no way to definitively confirm such a device was responsible 188 00:14:35,900 --> 00:14:36,950 for his murder. 189 00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:43,100 But as far as the identity of the mysterious assassin who bumped into 190 00:14:43,300 --> 00:14:46,580 well, that's another mystery. 191 00:14:47,880 --> 00:14:52,919 When it comes to assassinating people, we know that the KGB did quite a bit of 192 00:14:52,920 --> 00:14:56,159 that, and we know that the Russian intelligence does it now, too. 193 00:14:56,160 --> 00:15:03,019 There's an arsenal of weapons, and Markov was a very loud dissident, so he 194 00:15:03,020 --> 00:15:06,520 an enemy of the revolution, and he had to be killed. 195 00:15:07,070 --> 00:15:13,129 But the man who was seen to stick that umbrella into Markov's leg, I think he 196 00:15:13,130 --> 00:15:14,180 got away with this. 197 00:15:15,670 --> 00:15:19,849 What history says about the assassination of Georgi Markov is a 198 00:15:19,850 --> 00:15:25,410 to who was Jack the Ripper, who killed JFK, what's the final definitive story. 199 00:15:25,910 --> 00:15:28,650 Hopefully we'll know one day. Maybe we never will. 200 00:15:30,010 --> 00:15:33,929 Today a replica of the notorious umbrella hangs in the International Spa 201 00:15:33,930 --> 00:15:35,010 Museum's collection. 202 00:15:35,920 --> 00:15:39,819 And while it can never be proven that a similar device was used to poison 203 00:15:39,820 --> 00:15:42,900 Georgie Markov, one thing is certain. 204 00:15:43,760 --> 00:15:47,840 The deadly tools of spycraft could be made to look like anything. 205 00:15:48,520 --> 00:15:52,660 And you wouldn't know it until it's too late. 206 00:15:54,500 --> 00:16:00,079 In terms of what could be future spy weapons, secret spy gadgets they could 207 00:16:00,080 --> 00:16:03,340 up with, well, one of them is tiny, tiny drones. 208 00:16:04,360 --> 00:16:09,420 They can fly inside you, perhaps, administer poisons, carry tiny cameras. 209 00:16:09,900 --> 00:16:13,040 The use of frequency weapons might be something else. 210 00:16:13,680 --> 00:16:18,880 Essentially some sort of energy beam which is being directed at people, 211 00:16:19,040 --> 00:16:21,840 affecting the brain in some way. 212 00:16:22,680 --> 00:16:26,639 which would create feelings of disorientation. And if it managed to 213 00:16:26,640 --> 00:16:32,619 discombobulate the right targets, it could interfere with their ability to 214 00:16:32,620 --> 00:16:33,820 perform their duties. 215 00:16:34,940 --> 00:16:39,060 So energy weapons could be useful in the world of spies. 216 00:16:39,540 --> 00:16:43,919 But yes, there's a secret war. You'll always try to be one step ahead of your 217 00:16:43,920 --> 00:16:47,410 opponent by coming up with something that they hadn't thought of yet. 218 00:16:47,940 --> 00:16:51,020 And it can be someone passing you by with an umbrella. 219 00:16:53,260 --> 00:16:57,300 Was the assassination of Georgi Markov the work of Soviet intelligence? 220 00:16:57,920 --> 00:17:02,840 Like the top secret nature of espionage itself, there's a lot we may never know. 221 00:17:03,980 --> 00:17:10,780 But there is one spy mystery that has intelligence officers worried even now. 222 00:17:10,920 --> 00:17:17,159 It involves a foreign asset who infiltrated the American government 223 00:17:17,160 --> 00:17:19,660 stealing national secrets. 224 00:17:24,010 --> 00:17:26,310 Washington, D .C., 1947. 225 00:17:28,010 --> 00:17:33,210 President Harry Truman establishes the Central Intelligence Agency. 226 00:17:33,930 --> 00:17:40,129 In the wake of World War II and with the rise of atomic weaponry, a new covert 227 00:17:40,130 --> 00:17:45,050 war is about to begin between the United States and the Soviet Union. 228 00:17:45,970 --> 00:17:51,710 This unprecedented era of espionage from 1947 to 1991 229 00:17:53,880 --> 00:17:54,930 as the Cold War. 230 00:17:56,320 --> 00:18:01,739 At the start of the Cold War, as we know it in the 1950s, the U .S. realized 231 00:18:01,740 --> 00:18:04,820 that it needed to advance its internal security measures. 232 00:18:05,200 --> 00:18:11,939 This is why Truman would ultimately generate a presidential executive order 233 00:18:11,940 --> 00:18:17,539 confidential materials, which still to this day is the way by which we set 234 00:18:17,540 --> 00:18:22,039 different degrees of confidentiality around secret documents here in the 235 00:18:22,040 --> 00:18:23,090 States. 236 00:18:23,580 --> 00:18:29,959 During the Cold War, both the CIA and the Soviet Union's KGB employed spies to 237 00:18:29,960 --> 00:18:32,220 steal each other's national secrets. 238 00:18:32,720 --> 00:18:37,439 And while any civilian could be recruited to spy on their home country 239 00:18:37,440 --> 00:18:42,839 other side, even more valuable were those already working in the 240 00:18:42,840 --> 00:18:48,180 community. These turncoats are known as double agents. 241 00:18:48,780 --> 00:18:55,189 To be a double agent, for example, I'm an agent. I'm working with the CIA over 242 00:18:55,190 --> 00:18:58,610 here, but also working with the KGB over here. 243 00:18:59,070 --> 00:19:01,130 I'm a double agent in the middle. 244 00:19:01,790 --> 00:19:07,449 But it's quite often used in shorthand to refer to anybody who works in this 245 00:19:07,450 --> 00:19:10,230 world who also works for the other side. 246 00:19:10,810 --> 00:19:15,369 There will be a closed universe of individuals in the know about particular 247 00:19:15,370 --> 00:19:18,850 secrets, and you need to penetrate those kinds of closed networks. 248 00:19:20,040 --> 00:19:25,739 And so the best way to do that is by turning a double agent, a person, into 249 00:19:25,740 --> 00:19:27,080 information sharer. 250 00:19:28,980 --> 00:19:33,299 The U .S. intelligence community is made up of 18 different agencies and 251 00:19:33,300 --> 00:19:34,350 organizations. 252 00:19:35,100 --> 00:19:41,439 So we have to wonder, are there double agents among them sharing our most 253 00:19:41,440 --> 00:19:43,670 closely guarded secrets with our enemies? 254 00:19:45,120 --> 00:19:48,060 Remarkably, the answer is yes. 255 00:19:50,480 --> 00:19:56,139 and many consider the most damaging double agent ever discovered, was a 31 256 00:19:56,140 --> 00:19:59,700 veteran of the CIA named Aldrich Ames. 257 00:20:00,500 --> 00:20:06,200 Aldrich Ames was a counterintelligence officer in the Directorate of 258 00:20:06,460 --> 00:20:12,499 and he was a senior individual who, in 1985, as a result of a bad divorce, was 259 00:20:12,500 --> 00:20:16,180 short of money, and he sold out to the Soviets. 260 00:20:16,460 --> 00:20:18,820 He just simply went to the embassy. 261 00:20:19,520 --> 00:20:25,620 asked to speak to a KGB officer, and then sold information through letters, 262 00:20:25,680 --> 00:20:32,359 which was highly classified operations and a large number of identities 263 00:20:32,360 --> 00:20:38,639 who were people who had worked either for the FBI or the CIA in the 264 00:20:38,640 --> 00:20:41,260 Soviet embassy in Washington, D .C. 265 00:20:42,860 --> 00:20:47,860 There were suspicions that there was a spy within the CIA. 266 00:20:48,520 --> 00:20:55,219 Because in the 1980s, many of our Russian sources in Russia 267 00:20:55,220 --> 00:20:57,180 started kind of dropping like flies. 268 00:20:57,720 --> 00:21:01,480 And this set off alarm bells at the CIA. 269 00:21:01,900 --> 00:21:05,200 And so an investigation was launched. 270 00:21:05,540 --> 00:21:11,480 But bizarrely, it took many, many years to realize that it was Aldrich Ames. 271 00:21:11,840 --> 00:21:17,860 Even though Aldrich Ames displayed many of the characteristics of... 272 00:21:17,861 --> 00:21:20,439 What would be a viable target for recruitment? 273 00:21:20,440 --> 00:21:23,020 He had a known problem with alcohol. 274 00:21:23,480 --> 00:21:29,000 He had married a Colombian woman who had very expensive taste. 275 00:21:29,240 --> 00:21:34,780 He bought a house in Virginia with cash for $540 ,000. 276 00:21:35,660 --> 00:21:37,580 He bought a Jaguar. 277 00:21:37,940 --> 00:21:41,800 He started to dress really well. He got new teeth. 278 00:21:42,080 --> 00:21:43,620 And all of these. 279 00:21:44,270 --> 00:21:50,849 are pretty obvious indicators that someone is working for a foreign 280 00:21:50,850 --> 00:21:54,310 service because he couldn't afford all that on his CIA salary. 281 00:21:55,570 --> 00:22:00,149 Aldrich Ames is one of the most famous CIA compromises of all time. He went 282 00:22:00,150 --> 00:22:04,369 many, many years clandestinely acquiring and giving information to the Russians 283 00:22:04,370 --> 00:22:07,090 until his ultimate arrest in the 1990s. 284 00:22:07,630 --> 00:22:12,229 It's very difficult to be able to quantify the amount of damage that 285 00:22:12,230 --> 00:22:13,259 Ames did. 286 00:22:13,260 --> 00:22:19,019 We know that CIA spies were systematically killed, and even to this 287 00:22:19,020 --> 00:22:23,819 always training new recruits to understand Aldrich Ames to make sure 288 00:22:23,820 --> 00:22:26,470 don't have another instance like that happen again. 289 00:22:26,800 --> 00:22:31,899 Aldrich Ames was sentenced to life in prison, and his wife Rosario got five 290 00:22:31,900 --> 00:22:35,660 years for aiding her husband in his crimes against the United States. 291 00:22:37,080 --> 00:22:40,460 But Ames was not the only double agent discovered inside. 292 00:22:41,020 --> 00:22:42,820 an American intelligence agency. 293 00:22:44,020 --> 00:22:50,739 In 2001, an FBI agent named Robert Hansen was arrested for selling 294 00:22:50,740 --> 00:22:54,200 highly classified information to Russia for over 20 years. 295 00:22:54,640 --> 00:22:57,040 And it begs an urgent question. 296 00:22:57,640 --> 00:23:02,039 How many more double agents might be operating within the American 297 00:23:02,040 --> 00:23:05,820 community right now that have never been caught? 298 00:23:06,960 --> 00:23:10,859 It is very likely that there is a Russian double agent within the U .S. 299 00:23:10,860 --> 00:23:11,910 government today. 300 00:23:12,560 --> 00:23:16,679 In the same way, it is very likely that there is a double agent working for the 301 00:23:16,680 --> 00:23:20,740 Chinese government or the Iranian government or the North Korean 302 00:23:20,741 --> 00:23:25,059 The United States has many enemies around the world and those enemies are 303 00:23:25,060 --> 00:23:29,320 interested in gathering intimate information about U .S. doings. 304 00:23:29,900 --> 00:23:34,009 It's very uncomfortable to admit But one thing that CIA officers are taught 305 00:23:34,010 --> 00:23:37,829 right out of the gate is that you must always assume at any given time that the 306 00:23:37,830 --> 00:23:41,190 CIA and the FBI are penetrated by a foreign intelligence service. 307 00:23:42,030 --> 00:23:46,030 We have to assume that. If we're lucky, there's only one. 308 00:23:47,150 --> 00:23:49,320 Probability -wise, there is more than one. 309 00:23:51,210 --> 00:23:55,789 Could there really be a foreign spy deeply embedded in a U .S. intelligence 310 00:23:55,790 --> 00:23:56,840 agency? 311 00:23:57,850 --> 00:24:01,710 Unraveling this mystery is truly a matter of national security because... 312 00:24:02,080 --> 00:24:06,679 Gaining secret information on an enemy can quickly shift the balance of global 313 00:24:06,680 --> 00:24:12,579 power. Such was the case in World War II when Allied forces were convinced that 314 00:24:12,580 --> 00:24:19,059 a German double agent was leaking D -Day plans to the Nazis, one letter at a 315 00:24:19,060 --> 00:24:20,110 time. 316 00:24:22,600 --> 00:24:24,340 France, 1942. 317 00:24:26,380 --> 00:24:28,940 As World War II raged across Europe, 318 00:24:29,980 --> 00:24:36,239 The Allied forces spent five months planning a top -secret invasion to 319 00:24:36,240 --> 00:24:38,400 the French coastal town of Dieppe. 320 00:24:40,700 --> 00:24:47,639 But on August 19, as the Allies began their surprise assault, it seemed that 321 00:24:47,640 --> 00:24:51,820 somehow the Germans knew they were coming. 322 00:24:53,580 --> 00:24:58,040 The attack on Dieppe was a disaster for the Allies. 323 00:24:59,020 --> 00:25:04,599 Something like half of the 6 ,000 troops who land are either killed or taken 324 00:25:04,600 --> 00:25:11,079 prisoner. And so the concern was that classified information was being sent 325 00:25:11,080 --> 00:25:17,240 to the Axis powers, to the Nazis, and that using codebreakers or spies, 326 00:25:17,500 --> 00:25:22,940 the attack had been foiled, had been discovered by the Axis powers. 327 00:25:23,840 --> 00:25:28,460 The Allies are repelled by the Nazis, and the mission is a failure. 328 00:25:28,880 --> 00:25:30,960 And then people wanted to know why. 329 00:25:31,840 --> 00:25:37,359 The defeat was so stunning that British intelligence, MI5, started looking for 330 00:25:37,360 --> 00:25:38,410 reasons. 331 00:25:38,800 --> 00:25:44,319 How did the Nazis know the invasion was happening? So it was suspected that 332 00:25:44,320 --> 00:25:49,559 there could be a spy sending messages to the Nazis to alert them of upcoming 333 00:25:49,560 --> 00:25:50,610 attacks. 334 00:25:50,920 --> 00:25:55,640 After the failed DF invasion, British intelligence launched an investigation 335 00:25:56,480 --> 00:25:59,040 to find a potential Nazi spy in their midst. 336 00:26:00,080 --> 00:26:03,500 And in the process, they noticed something rather peculiar. 337 00:26:04,800 --> 00:26:09,580 Just two days before the surprise invasion on Dieppe, in the British 338 00:26:09,700 --> 00:26:15,500 the Daily Telegraph, a curious clue appeared in that day's crossword puzzle. 339 00:26:16,480 --> 00:26:22,339 Around August 18th, 1942, something very strange happened in the Telegraph's 340 00:26:22,340 --> 00:26:23,390 crossword. 341 00:26:24,110 --> 00:26:28,610 The crossword puzzle clue was a French port. The answer was Dieppe. 342 00:26:28,930 --> 00:26:33,969 The big question was, was the word Dieppe in the crossword puzzle innocent, 343 00:26:33,970 --> 00:26:38,130 was it a warning to the Nazis, alerting them that an attack was imminent? 344 00:26:38,630 --> 00:26:44,209 Is it possible that the Dieppe attack failed because of that crossword puzzle 345 00:26:44,210 --> 00:26:45,260 answer? 346 00:26:45,610 --> 00:26:51,429 Was a spy sending top -secret Allied intelligence to the Nazis through 347 00:26:51,430 --> 00:26:52,480 puzzles? 348 00:26:53,810 --> 00:26:58,149 After interrogating the creator of the crossword, mild -mannered schoolteacher 349 00:26:58,150 --> 00:27:03,249 named Leonard Dahl, British intelligence concluded that the puzzle's use of the 350 00:27:03,250 --> 00:27:07,750 word Dieppe was nothing more than a remarkable coincidence. 351 00:27:08,830 --> 00:27:15,209 It seemed the case was closed until two years later, when code words started to 352 00:27:15,210 --> 00:27:17,390 appear in the newspaper's puzzle again. 353 00:27:19,660 --> 00:27:26,619 In 1944, the Allies were planning the D -Day invasion amidst a huge blanket of 354 00:27:26,620 --> 00:27:33,379 secrecy. And once again, the Daily Telegraph crossword starts spitting 355 00:27:33,380 --> 00:27:37,260 out information that should not be in the public domain. 356 00:27:37,860 --> 00:27:43,099 About three weeks before the invasion, in the Daily Telegraph, in the crossword 357 00:27:43,100 --> 00:27:45,240 puzzle, the code word Utah appears. 358 00:27:46,320 --> 00:27:49,880 Then a few days later, the code word Omaha appears. 359 00:27:51,040 --> 00:27:54,170 These are the two beaches where the American forces will land. 360 00:27:54,960 --> 00:27:58,600 Then the next puzzle, the code word Overlord appears. 361 00:27:59,460 --> 00:28:02,300 That's the name of the entire mission. 362 00:28:03,320 --> 00:28:04,840 This is becoming terrifying. 363 00:28:05,620 --> 00:28:07,700 Then the word Neptune appears. 364 00:28:07,980 --> 00:28:12,260 That's the code word for the British warships for D -Day. 365 00:28:12,940 --> 00:28:15,420 And then the word Mulberry appears. 366 00:28:16,120 --> 00:28:20,440 That's the code word for the portable docks that were built across the 367 00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:25,280 When these code words started appearing, it was too much of a coincidence. 368 00:28:26,220 --> 00:28:29,940 MI5, we're going to get to the bottom of it, especially after DF. 369 00:28:30,820 --> 00:28:35,380 Once again, their search eventually led them to the author of the puzzle, 370 00:28:35,620 --> 00:28:36,670 Leonard Daw. 371 00:28:37,020 --> 00:28:38,660 Is this the Nazi spy? 372 00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:44,300 And finally it was determined that as a reward for some of the boys at the boys' 373 00:28:44,380 --> 00:28:47,760 school, he would let them pick the word to put in the crossword. 374 00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:52,440 And there just happened to be a lot of Allied soldiers stationed nearby. 375 00:28:53,020 --> 00:28:59,299 The kids hear these weird words, Omaha, Utah, and they say, let's put those in 376 00:28:59,300 --> 00:29:03,459 the puzzle, not realizing they're about to give away the biggest invasion in 377 00:29:03,460 --> 00:29:04,510 history. 378 00:29:04,720 --> 00:29:08,759 Could the appearance of secret code names in British crossword puzzles have 379 00:29:08,760 --> 00:29:10,739 simply an extraordinary coincidence? 380 00:29:10,740 --> 00:29:14,780 Or was it a clever spycraft tool? We may never know for sure. 381 00:29:15,540 --> 00:29:21,319 Like in the case of another workplace 70 years after World War II that some 382 00:29:21,320 --> 00:29:24,720 believed was intended to have deadly consequences. 383 00:29:27,400 --> 00:29:34,359 In 2012, in Venezuela, there was speculation that a 384 00:29:34,360 --> 00:29:41,049 crossword puzzle in the daily paper, contains coded messages that were meant 385 00:29:41,050 --> 00:29:46,150 to signal a threat against the brother of President Hugo Chavez. 386 00:29:46,890 --> 00:29:49,470 There was asafin, which means to kill. 387 00:29:49,670 --> 00:29:53,570 There was rafagas, which means burst of machine gun fire. 388 00:29:53,810 --> 00:29:57,950 And there was also the first name of Chavez's brother. 389 00:29:58,850 --> 00:30:01,570 And so all of this led to the... 390 00:30:01,880 --> 00:30:08,179 conspiracy theory or conspiracy thought that this must mean that an 391 00:30:08,180 --> 00:30:11,370 assassination attempt was on the horizon of Chavez's brother. 392 00:30:11,520 --> 00:30:17,299 The government essentially accused the newspaper and the designer of this 393 00:30:17,300 --> 00:30:22,140 crossword puzzle of a plot and of transmitting this coded threat. 394 00:30:22,400 --> 00:30:28,999 Whether or not this actually was an indication of an imminent threat against 395 00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:30,140 Chavez's brother. 396 00:30:30,640 --> 00:30:31,690 I don't know. 397 00:30:32,020 --> 00:30:37,260 No attempt on Adan Chavez's life was made or at least publicly acknowledged. 398 00:30:37,800 --> 00:30:42,719 If spies really do send secret messages via crossword puzzles, it's still a 399 00:30:42,720 --> 00:30:48,759 matter of speculation and perhaps an ingenious method to share confidential 400 00:30:48,760 --> 00:30:51,060 information in plain sight. 401 00:30:51,460 --> 00:30:56,700 There are aspects of that that certainly match typical tradecraft. 402 00:30:57,040 --> 00:31:03,559 So it's not preposterous to think, that a crossword puzzle could be used to 403 00:31:03,560 --> 00:31:04,920 deliver a coded message. 404 00:31:05,160 --> 00:31:11,419 In fact, that's a very brilliant way that you might convey a coded message to 405 00:31:11,420 --> 00:31:12,470 spy. 406 00:31:13,960 --> 00:31:18,379 Sending covert messages through newspaper crossword puzzles is truly a 407 00:31:18,380 --> 00:31:20,000 way to share secret information. 408 00:31:20,080 --> 00:31:25,239 But there was also a simpler tool spies used during the Second World War to 409 00:31:25,240 --> 00:31:29,780 communicate in code over vast distances all you needed. 410 00:31:30,620 --> 00:31:31,670 was a radio. 411 00:31:34,840 --> 00:31:37,400 Chicago, Illinois, October 1978. 412 00:31:38,340 --> 00:31:44,719 With $10 ,000 in his pocket, 29 -year -old Soviet spy Albrecht Dietrich 413 00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:46,060 in the United States. 414 00:31:47,120 --> 00:31:52,539 Using a stolen birth certificate, he adopts the alias Jack Barsky and begins 415 00:31:52,540 --> 00:31:57,760 10 -year mission to spy on Americans as a sleeper agent for the KGB. 416 00:31:59,530 --> 00:32:05,929 A sleeper agent is somebody who establishes himself in enemy territory 417 00:32:05,930 --> 00:32:10,449 integrates in society and then waits for the day when it's time to spring into 418 00:32:10,450 --> 00:32:15,709 action. My mission in the United States focused on me getting close to people 419 00:32:15,710 --> 00:32:20,730 who make foreign policy decisions and or influence foreign policy. 420 00:32:21,470 --> 00:32:23,610 This is towards the end of the Cold War. 421 00:32:24,590 --> 00:32:30,929 where there was a spy war going on between the CIA and the KGB, and the 422 00:32:30,930 --> 00:32:32,050 were very high. 423 00:32:34,410 --> 00:32:38,310 After relocating to New York City, Barsky married and began a family. 424 00:32:38,830 --> 00:32:43,689 He also took a job at an insurance company to maintain his cover, working 425 00:32:43,690 --> 00:32:44,770 computer programmer. 426 00:32:45,390 --> 00:32:50,369 I had access to lots and lots of data, and some of the data would have been 427 00:32:50,370 --> 00:32:51,630 important for the KGB. 428 00:32:52,910 --> 00:32:58,449 But there was never a meeting between me and another KGB agent on the territory 429 00:32:58,450 --> 00:33:02,849 of the United States. I got my instructions and answers to questions 430 00:33:02,850 --> 00:33:03,900 shortwave radio. 431 00:33:04,890 --> 00:33:11,170 Every Thursday at 9 .15, I had to turn on my shortwave radio, dial my 432 00:33:11,350 --> 00:33:18,269 listen to the call signal, Morse code, only digits, no letters, and then start 433 00:33:18,270 --> 00:33:19,530 writing down the numbers. 434 00:33:19,930 --> 00:33:21,490 And there you have your message. 435 00:33:22,320 --> 00:33:27,619 For nearly 10 years, Varsky's primary tool for communicating with the KGB was 436 00:33:27,620 --> 00:33:31,880 through a kind of shortwave radio broadcast known as a numbers station. 437 00:33:34,360 --> 00:33:39,859 Numbers stations are essentially pirate radio stations. You need to register a 438 00:33:39,860 --> 00:33:42,510 radio station. Numbers stations are not registered. 439 00:33:43,880 --> 00:33:48,160 They were discovered almost accidentally during the Cold War. 440 00:33:48,161 --> 00:33:52,489 You had ham radio operators bouncing around different frequencies, talking to 441 00:33:52,490 --> 00:33:53,929 each other all over the world. 442 00:33:53,930 --> 00:33:59,829 And then they would hit upon a certain channel, and suddenly you hear a robotic 443 00:33:59,830 --> 00:34:01,090 voice repeating numbers. 444 00:34:02,630 --> 00:34:09,609 Or you hear some kind of music 445 00:34:09,610 --> 00:34:11,610 or flute or buzzing sound. 446 00:34:11,611 --> 00:34:17,718 It feels like you're eavesdropping on something secret, but you don't know 447 00:34:17,719 --> 00:34:18,769 they're saying. 448 00:34:18,920 --> 00:34:25,799 Number stations can transmit signals to sources globally, and they 449 00:34:25,800 --> 00:34:28,300 can do so undetected. 450 00:34:28,960 --> 00:34:33,999 Because to anyone else, it might just sound like buzzing or like a series of 451 00:34:34,000 --> 00:34:35,050 noises. 452 00:34:36,440 --> 00:34:43,040 But what they're transmitting are coded signals to a source in place or a spy. 453 00:34:45,160 --> 00:34:49,539 So even though they're very low -tech, they're very effective 454 00:34:49,540 --> 00:34:56,519 because they're able to exist and to 455 00:34:56,520 --> 00:34:58,660 communicate under the radar. 456 00:35:00,140 --> 00:35:04,059 During the Cold War, both the United States and the Soviet Union regularly 457 00:35:04,060 --> 00:35:08,420 employed number stations to communicate with their agents in the field. 458 00:35:10,100 --> 00:35:14,229 But if anyone with a radio can tune in to hear the broadcast, How are these 459 00:35:14,230 --> 00:35:16,310 coded spy messages kept secret? 460 00:35:16,530 --> 00:35:21,490 Well, according to experts, it's an unbreakable method of encryption. 461 00:35:21,810 --> 00:35:27,350 A simple piece of paper known as a one -time pad. 462 00:35:28,130 --> 00:35:33,870 The one -time pad has little numbers on him, and there's two identical versions. 463 00:35:33,970 --> 00:35:38,570 One is for the encoding of a message, and the other one is for the decoding. 464 00:35:38,870 --> 00:35:45,759 Nice. So you would hear something like 9, 7, 6, 4, and 465 00:35:45,760 --> 00:35:48,800 then you could use the decoder to decrypt your message. 466 00:35:49,540 --> 00:35:54,140 A one -time pad is a sheet of paper with banks of numbers. 467 00:35:54,640 --> 00:35:59,539 You use this, and someone else that you're trying to communicate with uses 468 00:35:59,540 --> 00:36:00,559 same pad. 469 00:36:00,560 --> 00:36:04,939 The two of you can then communicate, but it's called a one -time pad because 470 00:36:04,940 --> 00:36:07,880 after you've used it, you then destroy it. 471 00:36:08,520 --> 00:36:13,600 assuming that you destroy it, you can then go on to use the next one -time 472 00:36:13,820 --> 00:36:19,740 and if you keep using it, sticking to the protocol is uncrackable. 473 00:36:20,820 --> 00:36:25,520 If number stations have proven so effective in the past, the real question 474 00:36:25,580 --> 00:36:30,220 are spies still sending and receiving coded messages through them today? 475 00:36:34,320 --> 00:36:38,639 Even today, you can flip through the different channels and you can hear 476 00:36:38,640 --> 00:36:40,690 over the radio that don't make any sense. 477 00:36:41,480 --> 00:36:45,399 Whether they're verses being read or whether they're words being said 478 00:36:45,400 --> 00:36:48,599 nonsensically or whether they're numbers that are shouted out to the blindness 479 00:36:48,600 --> 00:36:49,650 of space. 480 00:36:51,540 --> 00:36:56,979 So it's very possible somewhere in there there's a spy message that's sent for a 481 00:36:56,980 --> 00:37:00,350 very specific person at a very specific time in a very specific way. 482 00:37:01,060 --> 00:37:02,110 One, three. 483 00:37:02,620 --> 00:37:07,599 If spies are still receiving messages via number stations today, we'll 484 00:37:07,600 --> 00:37:08,650 never know. 485 00:37:09,020 --> 00:37:13,419 But what many experts believe may be even more concerning when it comes to 486 00:37:13,420 --> 00:37:19,420 national security aren't relics from the past, but the technologies of today. 487 00:37:23,900 --> 00:37:27,920 Wright -Pattison Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, March 1998. 488 00:37:29,900 --> 00:37:34,459 While doing routine computer maintenance, the defense contractor 489 00:37:34,460 --> 00:37:40,579 that Russian spies hacked into the base's network to access top -secret 490 00:37:40,580 --> 00:37:46,040 intelligence from the Pentagon, NASA, and other U .S. agencies. 491 00:37:46,780 --> 00:37:53,239 It is the first major cyber espionage operation that we know of in modern 492 00:37:53,240 --> 00:37:54,290 history. 493 00:37:55,080 --> 00:37:59,619 One of the big advancements in espionage... Something known as the 494 00:37:59,620 --> 00:38:02,740 the spy who lives behind a digital wall of some sort. 495 00:38:03,360 --> 00:38:07,219 They can steal information. They can sell information. They can live and hide 496 00:38:07,220 --> 00:38:08,270 the dark web. 497 00:38:08,271 --> 00:38:12,159 This is a whole new development, and with that development, there's new 498 00:38:12,160 --> 00:38:14,020 opportunities and there's new risks. 499 00:38:15,060 --> 00:38:19,260 We have new technology that cyber spies can use to meet in cyberspace. 500 00:38:19,261 --> 00:38:23,139 You can meet with them on video game platforms. You can meet with them in 501 00:38:23,140 --> 00:38:27,359 rooms. You can meet with them using commercially encrypted technology that 502 00:38:27,360 --> 00:38:31,579 and I carry on our phone, which makes everything that much more difficult to 503 00:38:31,580 --> 00:38:35,959 track, not just for the FBI or for the Internal Investigation Agency, but for 504 00:38:35,960 --> 00:38:37,100 anyone to see anywhere. 505 00:38:38,460 --> 00:38:43,319 Advancing technology has empowered cyber spies to not only hack government 506 00:38:43,320 --> 00:38:48,660 secrets, but also exchange that information in complete anonymity. 507 00:38:49,370 --> 00:38:54,709 But some cyber spies are not interested in stealing information, but rather to 508 00:38:54,710 --> 00:38:58,270 influence the very beliefs of their adversaries. 509 00:38:59,710 --> 00:39:05,010 There's a place called the Internet Research Agency in St. Petersburg, 510 00:39:05,250 --> 00:39:12,109 where there's a couple hundred nerds that produce these artificial personas, 511 00:39:12,110 --> 00:39:15,870 then they go on social media and befriend real people. 512 00:39:17,040 --> 00:39:21,960 And they search out groups that are ideologically oriented. 513 00:39:22,360 --> 00:39:26,599 There could be, particularly in politics, there could be the right wing 514 00:39:26,600 --> 00:39:33,559 could be left. And what they're after is to create confusion in enemy 515 00:39:33,560 --> 00:39:34,610 territory. 516 00:39:36,740 --> 00:39:38,720 I can give you an example. 517 00:39:38,980 --> 00:39:41,570 When you're talking about election interference... 518 00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:43,540 They planted misinformation. 519 00:39:44,000 --> 00:39:49,000 What they do is raising doubts about the American system. 520 00:39:50,280 --> 00:39:53,720 These cyber spies are extremely dangerous. 521 00:39:55,000 --> 00:40:01,460 According to America's cyber defense agency, CISA, during the 2024 U .S. 522 00:40:01,480 --> 00:40:06,299 presidential election, foreign adversaries conducted influence 523 00:40:06,300 --> 00:40:11,000 intended to undermine the integrity of U .S. election. 524 00:40:12,800 --> 00:40:17,979 And while we can't say for sure how espionage will continue to evolve, we 525 00:40:17,980 --> 00:40:21,920 that as long as there are secrets, there will be spies. 526 00:40:23,100 --> 00:40:27,080 The future of secrets is in many ways what will shape the future of espionage. 527 00:40:27,081 --> 00:40:30,139 But that doesn't mean that the history of espionage is any less useful than it 528 00:40:30,140 --> 00:40:31,129 was in the past. 529 00:40:31,130 --> 00:40:35,149 It's the foundation, it's the bedrock on which everything else is built. And no 530 00:40:35,150 --> 00:40:38,649 matter where our future takes us, we know that those building blocks of 531 00:40:38,650 --> 00:40:42,729 espionage, those core fundamentals, will always be present and always be there. 532 00:40:42,730 --> 00:40:47,289 There will always be people meeting with people in dark corners to share secrets 533 00:40:47,290 --> 00:40:48,490 that nobody knows about. 534 00:40:50,170 --> 00:40:53,650 In the world of spycraft, everything is unexplained. 535 00:40:54,050 --> 00:40:59,670 And your job as an intelligence officer is to try to gather that information. 536 00:41:00,480 --> 00:41:02,040 that will help explain it. 537 00:41:03,020 --> 00:41:09,739 The anomaly of spycraft is that you're charged with seeking out the 538 00:41:09,740 --> 00:41:16,659 truth. And the reality is you can never be 100 % sure 539 00:41:16,660 --> 00:41:19,120 that you've gotten to the truth. 540 00:41:19,700 --> 00:41:21,960 You may never have the answers. 541 00:41:23,700 --> 00:41:28,449 While it appears that the digital age may be changing the art of spycraft, 542 00:41:28,450 --> 00:41:33,169 pretty safe to say that as long as there are secrets worth stealing, there will 543 00:41:33,170 --> 00:41:34,970 be spies hard at work. 544 00:41:35,530 --> 00:41:41,549 And although we are intrigued by the elusive double agents at the CIA, or 545 00:41:41,550 --> 00:41:47,469 the assassin who killed with the probe of an umbrella, it's likely that most 546 00:41:47,470 --> 00:41:53,269 tales of espionage and the covert agents who operate undetected will stay 547 00:41:53,270 --> 00:41:56,310 top secret and remain. 548 00:41:57,770 --> 00:41:58,820 Unexplained. 549 00:41:58,860 --> 00:42:03,410 Repair and Synchronization by Easy Subtitles Synchronizer 1.0.0.0 53067

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