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In the wild, there
are alliances everywhere.
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00:00:08,408 --> 00:00:10,744
But they're not always mutual.
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This lemur is crawling
with parasites.
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This millipede isn't.
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00:00:19,052 --> 00:00:22,189
♪ ♪
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00:00:23,023 --> 00:00:26,293
What happens next is very weird.
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The creatures of Earth
are wilder than you
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00:00:40,274 --> 00:00:42,376
could possibly imagine.
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00:00:44,511 --> 00:00:51,585
Among the fast and fearsome
are the astoundingly crazy.
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00:00:54,721 --> 00:00:59,860
With strange behavior and
outrageous fashion sense.
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00:01:02,396 --> 00:01:04,865
They're all in a
competition to survive.
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00:01:06,466 --> 00:01:09,403
And weirdness always wins.
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00:01:27,554 --> 00:01:30,590
♪ ♪
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00:01:31,725 --> 00:01:35,495
In the pantheon of sidekicks,
we must reserve pride of
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00:01:35,629 --> 00:01:37,898
place for one of the giants.
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00:01:40,968 --> 00:01:44,638
A little guy who keeps
herbivores all over the world,
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pest-free and healthy, with
his titanic appetite for crap.
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Dung beetles, described
by some entomologists
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as God's gift to Earth.
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00:02:10,731 --> 00:02:14,434
Without these essential
septic sidekicks acting as
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00:02:14,568 --> 00:02:18,772
clean-up crew, we'd all be
swimming in poo.
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♪ ♪
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There are almost 10,000
different species of
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00:02:40,627 --> 00:02:42,929
dung beetles around
the world, and they've
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been breaking down droppings
since the days of the dinosaurs.
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00:02:50,070 --> 00:02:54,074
We might avoid it, but for
them, it's brown gold,
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00:02:54,207 --> 00:02:56,710
which they hide like
buried treasure.
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Eating it and fertilizing
the soil all at once.
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00:03:07,020 --> 00:03:08,388
Don't poo-poo the poo!
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It's full of partially
digested food.
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This dung beetle's
super-sensitive antennae
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have gone into overdrive.
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00:03:25,439 --> 00:03:30,844
It knows somewhere out
there, fresh feces.
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♪ ♪
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00:03:36,917 --> 00:03:39,786
♪ ♪
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00:03:40,020 --> 00:03:42,656
But other beetles have
picked up the scent too.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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00:03:52,399 --> 00:03:53,767
He's gotta move fast.
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00:03:56,103 --> 00:03:56,870
Wing it!
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00:03:57,671 --> 00:04:00,707
♪ ♪
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00:04:00,941 --> 00:04:03,844
♪ ♪
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00:04:05,212 --> 00:04:07,981
He follows the scent
for over two miles.
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There it is, a
sweet pile of scat.
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This load is juicy good.
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Great water content and heaps
of plant material intact.
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It's exactly what he needs.
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00:04:31,371 --> 00:04:34,641
The cow wants it gone and
the removal guy is here.
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00:04:40,780 --> 00:04:41,715
Time to roll.
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00:04:42,883 --> 00:04:45,919
♪ ♪
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00:04:46,286 --> 00:04:49,256
♪ ♪
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00:04:49,890 --> 00:04:53,460
However, his poop prize
has drawn attention.
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00:04:57,564 --> 00:05:00,500
This rival male wants
it for himself.
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00:05:01,001 --> 00:05:03,970
♪ ♪
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00:05:04,671 --> 00:05:07,641
♪ ♪
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00:05:11,545 --> 00:05:14,581
With the astounding
ability to move objects
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1,000 times his own weight,
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he rolls the challenger
and the dung ball together.
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00:05:21,988 --> 00:05:24,958
♪ ♪
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00:05:25,559 --> 00:05:28,528
♪ ♪
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00:05:32,699 --> 00:05:33,567
Body slam!
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The bandit is vanquished.
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00:05:49,149 --> 00:05:50,884
But the job's not done yet.
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00:05:52,786 --> 00:05:57,624
His home and partner are
still 200 yards away.
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00:05:59,993 --> 00:06:04,397
Luckily, dung beetles are
incredible navigators.
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00:06:05,966 --> 00:06:13,607
By day they use the sun and by
night they even use celestial
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00:06:13,740 --> 00:06:16,476
navigation to plot
their course.
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00:06:17,143 --> 00:06:20,280
♪ ♪
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00:06:21,882 --> 00:06:24,818
♪ ♪
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00:06:25,785 --> 00:06:28,755
♪ ♪
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00:06:29,956 --> 00:06:31,892
Finally he reaches home.
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00:06:33,193 --> 00:06:36,329
♪ ♪
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00:06:37,964 --> 00:06:42,702
The waiting female buries the
dung gift by the entrance
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00:06:42,836 --> 00:06:44,204
to their mating tunnel.
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The dung ball becomes a
source of food and a nursery
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for the female's eggs.
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00:06:55,148 --> 00:06:59,286
The larvae that hatch grow
big on essential nutrients,
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00:07:00,954 --> 00:07:06,693
creating a whole new generation
of guano aficionados.
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00:07:21,508 --> 00:07:26,813
This young meat-eating vine
has a very grown-up problem.
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00:07:27,580 --> 00:07:30,517
♪ ♪
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00:07:32,619 --> 00:07:37,390
The cloud forests of Borneo
are a hard place to find food,
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00:07:38,992 --> 00:07:42,295
especially when you're
rooted to the spot.
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00:07:45,498 --> 00:07:50,503
But if this juvenile
pitcher plant grows old enough and high enough,
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00:07:51,571 --> 00:07:55,041
it may one day
team up to form one of the
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00:07:55,175 --> 00:07:57,711
forest's most dynamic duos.
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00:08:09,489 --> 00:08:13,960
The young pitcher plant begins
life at ground level as an
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everyday carnivorous vine.
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00:08:19,699 --> 00:08:23,603
Stealing essential nitrogen
from unsuspecting bugs.
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00:08:25,705 --> 00:08:29,442
Its modified leaves are
a trap, luring insects
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00:08:29,576 --> 00:08:31,411
with its special nectar.
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One false move or even a badly
timed raindrop and they fall
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00:08:41,788 --> 00:08:47,494
into the chamber of horrors
where the plant digests them.
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00:08:48,595 --> 00:08:51,564
♪ ♪
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00:09:00,006 --> 00:09:03,610
As the plant matures,
so does its palate.
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00:09:05,945 --> 00:09:08,882
♪ ♪
96
00:09:13,052 --> 00:09:17,257
When the plant was younger,
this Tree Shrew would
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have spelled danger.
98
00:09:20,660 --> 00:09:28,468
But now the older pitcher has
a deep appreciation for dung.
99
00:09:29,602 --> 00:09:33,273
It's developed a new
type of trap that looks
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00:09:33,406 --> 00:09:35,575
and works like a toilet.
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00:09:39,345 --> 00:09:43,283
The shrew's just here to lap
up the pitcher's sweet nectar.
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The sugary fluid gives
him all the energy he'll
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00:09:54,494 --> 00:09:56,763
need for hard foraging.
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00:09:59,132 --> 00:10:02,435
He doesn't even take a
toilet break, lest someone
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else get to the food.
106
00:10:06,840 --> 00:10:10,043
But when you gotta
go, you gotta go.
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00:10:11,845 --> 00:10:12,879
Huh?
108
00:10:14,080 --> 00:10:19,152
In one of the
weirdest examples of co-evolution, this is how the
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00:10:19,285 --> 00:10:23,823
mature pitcher plant now makes
its way in the cloud forest.
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00:10:26,459 --> 00:10:30,163
Because shrew's scat
is rich in nutrients.
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Precious treasure
in this habitat.
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00:10:52,152 --> 00:10:55,288
♪ ♪
113
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The Sea Anemone
is a noxious killer.
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Deploying stinging
nematocysts on their
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tentacles to subdue prey.
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Pumping them with lethal toxins.
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From fish to Sea Hares.
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If they can trap
it, they'll eat it.
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00:11:35,428 --> 00:11:38,431
Even their jellyfish
cousins can't get a pass.
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00:11:39,766 --> 00:11:42,502
Look away now if
you're squeamish,
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because victims have no chance.
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00:11:51,544 --> 00:11:55,048
When it comes to
their turf, sea anemones will
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take down anyone
who crosses them.
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00:11:59,519 --> 00:12:02,255
But for these
iconic little fish,
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the anemone's a sweetheart.
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A wingman for life.
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00:12:18,771 --> 00:12:21,741
♪ ♪
128
00:12:23,943 --> 00:12:29,616
Living among a deadly sway of
tentacles, a layer of thick
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00:12:29,749 --> 00:12:33,720
slime protects clownfish
from the anemone's sting.
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00:12:36,055 --> 00:12:39,459
So when it comes time to start
a clownfish family of its own,
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there's no better
place to lay eggs.
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00:12:54,974 --> 00:12:58,778
Surrounded by tentacles,
they're safe from any
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marauding egg thieves.
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00:13:04,717 --> 00:13:08,288
This doting father takes
great care of the eggs.
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00:13:15,495 --> 00:13:18,798
And maintains the household
in his spare time.
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00:13:20,967 --> 00:13:23,436
In return for the
anemone's protection,
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he removes its parasites.
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♪ ♪
139
00:13:33,946 --> 00:13:38,184
And chases away other fish who
want to feed on their home.
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00:13:39,886 --> 00:13:42,922
♪ ♪
141
00:13:43,690 --> 00:13:47,260
But the biggest bonus
comes from his feces.
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Ammonia-rich waste is
fantastic fertilizer.
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00:13:54,934 --> 00:13:58,705
It helps the anemone breathe,
grow, and reproduce.
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00:13:59,839 --> 00:14:02,809
♪ ♪
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Under constant protection
of the parents and the anemone,
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the eggs develop.
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♪ ♪
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00:14:20,860 --> 00:14:23,830
♪ ♪
149
00:14:30,036 --> 00:14:34,741
A week later, they hatch
under the cover of darkness.
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00:14:36,876 --> 00:14:39,846
♪ ♪
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00:14:42,815 --> 00:14:46,219
Once born, baby clownfish
take a little time to
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00:14:46,352 --> 00:14:47,854
acclimatize to the anemone.
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Rubbing themselves on
its tentacles over and over,
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the young fish acquire a
kind of chemical camouflage.
155
00:15:06,572 --> 00:15:08,775
The anemone is no longer
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able to distinguish between
itself and the clownfish.
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Bonded together, the two
will become one of the
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ocean's ultimate allies.
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00:15:30,296 --> 00:15:33,599
Trusty sidekicks come in
all shapes and sizes.
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00:15:39,906 --> 00:15:45,945
But what happens when that trust
is repaired by cold betrayal?
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No, not the hippo.
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00:15:50,516 --> 00:15:55,254
Say hello to his little
friend, the oxpecker.
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Africa's dry season is a
particularly difficult
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time for the animals here.
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The only thing worse than the
heat are the hordes of bugs
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that plague its residents.
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To make life tolerable, you've
got to take any help on offer.
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00:16:35,895 --> 00:16:40,633
Red-billed oxpeckers run an
on-the-go housekeeping service.
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00:16:42,935 --> 00:16:44,704
And business is brisk.
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♪ ♪
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00:16:57,917 --> 00:17:02,955
The red bill is surprisingly
dexterous and gets right
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in where it needs to.
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00:17:08,828 --> 00:17:11,297
The birds and beasts
form a classic
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mutualistic relationship.
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00:17:14,267 --> 00:17:17,403
♪ ♪
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00:17:19,538 --> 00:17:22,875
Like tiny scissors, the
oxpecker's bill scythes
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through the top layer of fur.
178
00:17:38,491 --> 00:17:41,961
But in the dry season,
overcrowded bathing spots
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cause tempers to rise.
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00:17:47,433 --> 00:17:49,468
Hippos war for territory.
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♪ ♪
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♪ ♪
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00:18:14,060 --> 00:18:17,196
♪ ♪
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00:18:23,636 --> 00:18:26,305
The winner gets the last
patch of water.
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The loser gets covered
in bloody wounds.
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00:18:36,849 --> 00:18:38,684
He could do with a
bit of attention.
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00:18:41,854 --> 00:18:46,258
Oxpeckers clean the scratches
and prevent infections.
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00:18:47,026 --> 00:18:50,062
♪ ♪
189
00:18:50,997 --> 00:18:54,934
They've switched gear to
become parasites themselves,
190
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feeding on the hippo's
flowing blood.
191
00:19:06,178 --> 00:19:11,450
Oxpeckers have learned that
incessant pecking can stop scabs
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00:19:11,584 --> 00:19:15,154
from forming,
leaving wounds open.
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Warm blood on tap whenever
they need a drink.
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00:19:25,064 --> 00:19:28,200
♪ ♪
195
00:19:30,703 --> 00:19:33,939
Over weeks, the wounds
get bigger and the
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00:19:34,073 --> 00:19:35,474
oxpeckers keep at it.
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00:19:46,018 --> 00:19:49,889
Eventually the hippo dies
from secondary infections.
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00:19:53,125 --> 00:19:56,262
♪ ♪
199
00:19:57,096 --> 00:19:59,832
A tragedy for the hippos,
200
00:20:00,700 --> 00:20:03,869
but a treasure for the
voracious oxpeckers.
201
00:20:05,504 --> 00:20:08,708
Sidekicks that will kick
you when you're down.
202
00:20:27,026 --> 00:20:28,427
Take-offs are tricky.
203
00:20:34,266 --> 00:20:35,835
Landings are iffy.
204
00:20:41,774 --> 00:20:44,610
And the hairless
head is a travesty.
205
00:20:47,546 --> 00:20:51,050
But if you want to make an
inconvenient body disappear,
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00:20:51,183 --> 00:20:52,918
look no further.
207
00:21:07,867 --> 00:21:13,739
With stomach acids that dissolve
metal, vultures are the
208
00:21:13,873 --> 00:21:18,844
sidekicks humans don't
deserve, but absolutely need.
209
00:21:35,294 --> 00:21:41,467
Make them an offer of rotting
flesh and they never refuse.
210
00:21:54,413 --> 00:21:57,683
They can finish off a
small animal carcass
211
00:21:57,816 --> 00:21:59,185
in half an hour flat.
212
00:22:07,426 --> 00:22:10,896
Decaying carcasses often
breed deadly anthrax,
213
00:22:12,565 --> 00:22:15,568
botulinum toxins and rabies.
214
00:22:17,903 --> 00:22:20,706
Vultures keep these
diseases in check.
215
00:22:27,846 --> 00:22:32,284
Masters of high altitude flight,
vultures typically climb to
216
00:22:32,418 --> 00:22:36,522
over 19,000 feet,
surveilling the earth below.
217
00:22:40,059 --> 00:22:44,296
Powerful binocular vision helps
them zero in on their quarry.
218
00:22:47,166 --> 00:22:48,334
Target acquired.
219
00:22:52,705 --> 00:22:55,507
♪ ♪
220
00:22:55,641 --> 00:22:58,244
These white-backed
vultures have their place
221
00:22:58,377 --> 00:22:59,511
in the pecking order.
222
00:23:02,848 --> 00:23:04,149
Protocol is key.
223
00:23:05,884 --> 00:23:08,687
Lappet-faced vultures will
muscle their way in.
224
00:23:11,724 --> 00:23:14,493
Larger and more formidable
than their cousins.
225
00:23:15,928 --> 00:23:19,732
Their dagger-like bills are made
for ripping through tough hide.
226
00:23:25,904 --> 00:23:28,974
The white-backed vultures will
get their turn soon enough.
227
00:23:31,277 --> 00:23:34,246
Using their less pointy
meat cleaver bills.
228
00:23:36,382 --> 00:23:38,417
They go to town on
the soft tissue.
229
00:23:40,819 --> 00:23:43,789
♪ ♪
230
00:23:47,293 --> 00:23:51,563
It might not seem like it, but
vultures are big on hygiene.
231
00:23:53,932 --> 00:23:56,568
A bald head makes
for easy cleaning.
232
00:24:04,510 --> 00:24:08,414
The last in line for the rotting
buffet are the foot soldiers.
233
00:24:09,915 --> 00:24:12,885
Hooded vultures are the
smallest of the lot.
234
00:24:14,420 --> 00:24:16,789
But they are specialists.
235
00:24:17,956 --> 00:24:22,528
They wield their narrow
beaks like surgical knives,
236
00:24:22,661 --> 00:24:27,099
removing the tiniest bits of
flesh and diving to the
237
00:24:27,232 --> 00:24:28,968
hardest to reach areas.
238
00:24:30,903 --> 00:24:35,407
This methodical clean-up service
is invaluable to every single
239
00:24:35,541 --> 00:24:37,309
creature in the ecosystem.
240
00:24:43,215 --> 00:24:47,086
Their appetite for the dead,
in no small part, helps to
241
00:24:47,219 --> 00:24:49,855
keep humans healthy and alive.
242
00:25:04,503 --> 00:25:08,674
248 miles off the
eastern coast of Africa,
243
00:25:16,849 --> 00:25:20,686
wild monsoons lash the
jungles of Madagascar.
244
00:25:28,427 --> 00:25:33,899
Rivers swell, and everyone
does their best to
245
00:25:34,032 --> 00:25:35,434
wait out the rains.
246
00:25:45,477 --> 00:25:50,682
As the forest steams and the
storms wake, lemur species
247
00:25:50,816 --> 00:25:54,953
all over the island now
face a delicate problem.
248
00:25:57,556 --> 00:26:00,526
♪ ♪
249
00:26:15,574 --> 00:26:19,344
Their sultry conditions hatch
plagues of disease-carrying
250
00:26:19,478 --> 00:26:26,718
mosquitoes and gut-churning
intestinal worms.
251
00:26:30,689 --> 00:26:33,692
Every lemur is fair
game for parasites.
252
00:26:35,294 --> 00:26:37,896
They need a fix, and fast.
253
00:26:40,365 --> 00:26:44,336
Enter Madagascar's
giant millipede.
254
00:26:51,343 --> 00:26:54,480
♪ ♪
255
00:26:57,983 --> 00:27:04,289
These arthropods don't bite,
and their defensive secretions
256
00:27:04,423 --> 00:27:06,558
are mostly harmless to humans.
257
00:27:09,361 --> 00:27:12,397
But to lemurs,
they are precious.
258
00:27:13,599 --> 00:27:16,568
♪ ♪
259
00:27:19,104 --> 00:27:23,475
They smell weird
and taste worse.
260
00:27:28,213 --> 00:27:30,215
But lemurs don't
want to eat them.
261
00:27:32,684 --> 00:27:36,321
These unsuspecting
insects are the answer
262
00:27:36,455 --> 00:27:37,756
to their pest problem.
263
00:27:44,730 --> 00:27:49,234
A quick nibble and the millipede
secretes a nasty ooze.
264
00:27:52,905 --> 00:28:00,279
The toxic sludge would
deter most, but not lemurs.
265
00:28:03,949 --> 00:28:07,286
The fluid contains benzoquinone,
266
00:28:08,987 --> 00:28:12,591
a great insecticide
that repels mosquitoes.
267
00:28:21,967 --> 00:28:25,404
Mixed with their own
saliva, lemurs rub the
268
00:28:25,537 --> 00:28:29,608
foul-smelling concoction
all over their bodies.
269
00:28:30,642 --> 00:28:33,612
♪ ♪
270
00:28:34,613 --> 00:28:37,549
♪ ♪
271
00:28:38,817 --> 00:28:41,787
♪ ♪
272
00:28:43,922 --> 00:28:49,695
Like sour candy, the
millipede's secretions make the lemurs drool,
273
00:28:52,364 --> 00:28:54,533
and their eyes glaze over.
274
00:28:57,102 --> 00:29:00,238
♪ ♪
275
00:29:05,811 --> 00:29:08,280
But there's something
else at work here.
276
00:29:12,217 --> 00:29:15,354
♪ ♪
277
00:29:17,789 --> 00:29:20,759
♪ ♪
278
00:29:23,895 --> 00:29:27,966
The spaced-out
expression says everything.
279
00:29:30,702 --> 00:29:35,440
The millipede juice may be
good for lemurs' bodies,
280
00:29:35,574 --> 00:29:38,677
but it's also a strong narcotic.
281
00:29:43,115 --> 00:29:46,251
♪ ♪
282
00:29:49,321 --> 00:29:52,591
But all good trips
must end sometime.
283
00:29:55,994 --> 00:29:58,864
An afternoon nap is
the need of the hour.
284
00:30:01,433 --> 00:30:03,935
Millipedes it seems
get nothing from this
285
00:30:04,069 --> 00:30:05,570
one-sided relationship.
286
00:30:07,406 --> 00:30:10,375
But at least they live
to tell the tale,
287
00:30:10,509 --> 00:30:13,945
getting back to the business
of being millipedes.
288
00:30:15,781 --> 00:30:19,217
Until the next mosquito
apocalypse, when lemurs
289
00:30:19,351 --> 00:30:22,354
everywhere turn to these
little psychoactive
290
00:30:22,487 --> 00:30:24,723
avengers for salvation.
291
00:30:26,124 --> 00:30:29,261
♪ ♪
292
00:30:34,866 --> 00:30:37,069
♪ ♪
293
00:30:38,170 --> 00:30:42,974
This primordial Southeast
Asian jungle is home to one of
294
00:30:43,108 --> 00:30:45,844
nature's most far-out pairings.
295
00:30:48,947 --> 00:30:51,216
A flying rhinoceros.
296
00:30:52,918 --> 00:30:56,321
Lifelong soulmates with
a strange method of
297
00:30:56,455 --> 00:30:57,823
sealing their union.
298
00:30:58,757 --> 00:31:01,727
♪ ♪
299
00:31:06,131 --> 00:31:09,267
♪ ♪
300
00:31:10,802 --> 00:31:13,338
Hornbills have one of
the weirdest breeding
301
00:31:13,472 --> 00:31:15,607
strategies of any bird.
302
00:31:17,275 --> 00:31:19,544
It all starts ordinarily enough.
303
00:31:21,646 --> 00:31:26,551
The tallest trees in Borneo's
forests are like arboreal cafes.
304
00:31:31,356 --> 00:31:34,860
Leafy hubs for
hornbill flirtations.
305
00:31:36,862 --> 00:31:39,831
♪ ♪
306
00:31:42,701 --> 00:31:46,304
This guy is the envy
of the whole jungle.
307
00:31:47,239 --> 00:31:50,442
♪ ♪
308
00:31:51,510 --> 00:31:56,648
As far as this female's
concerned, his massive casque
309
00:31:56,782 --> 00:31:58,550
is massively attractive.
310
00:32:05,223 --> 00:32:10,095
Now he's got her attention,
they can move on to
311
00:32:10,228 --> 00:32:11,596
a little courtship.
312
00:32:19,838 --> 00:32:24,276
Hornbills pair for life,
so this girl is looking
313
00:32:24,409 --> 00:32:26,444
for her ultimate sidekick.
314
00:32:27,646 --> 00:32:30,215
She has one chance to
make sure her chosen
315
00:32:30,348 --> 00:32:33,151
beau can go the distance.
316
00:32:36,121 --> 00:32:37,255
She wants a snack.
317
00:32:38,790 --> 00:32:41,460
Ever eager to please, the
male presents her with
318
00:32:41,593 --> 00:32:43,528
the juiciest figs in town.
319
00:32:51,436 --> 00:32:54,272
And he's got more
where that came from.
320
00:33:02,480 --> 00:33:06,251
He's not just a pretty
face, he's also a provider.
321
00:33:09,387 --> 00:33:13,492
She's convinced this guy
is her perfect co-pilot.
322
00:33:18,797 --> 00:33:22,467
Next, the smitten couple
must cement their union.
323
00:33:24,269 --> 00:33:27,405
♪ ♪
324
00:33:30,575 --> 00:33:34,379
In the hornbill world, cement
is the operative word.
325
00:33:44,122 --> 00:33:48,260
In one of the most unusual
nesting practices amongst birds,
326
00:33:49,127 --> 00:33:53,265
the female imprisons herself
within a tree cavity
327
00:33:53,398 --> 00:33:55,267
for almost two months.
328
00:33:57,202 --> 00:34:01,206
Surely her loving partner will
get her out of this predicament.
329
00:34:02,607 --> 00:34:04,409
But it's quite the opposite.
330
00:34:05,510 --> 00:34:08,280
Hidden behind a wall
of clay, droppings and
331
00:34:08,413 --> 00:34:12,417
saliva, she and her brood
are safe from predators
332
00:34:12,550 --> 00:34:14,185
and the sweltering heat.
333
00:34:15,720 --> 00:34:18,690
♪ ♪
334
00:34:22,127 --> 00:34:26,164
The doting male delivers fruit
through the hole in the tree.
335
00:34:42,080 --> 00:34:44,816
Cut off from the world
and totally dependent on
336
00:34:44,950 --> 00:34:46,618
her partner for survival.
337
00:34:49,087 --> 00:34:52,357
The rigorous selection
process that he was subjected
338
00:34:52,490 --> 00:34:54,726
to finally makes sense.
339
00:34:57,696 --> 00:35:00,932
He will bring her food
nearly 20 times every day.
340
00:35:05,737 --> 00:35:09,040
The future of their genes
depends completely on
341
00:35:09,174 --> 00:35:10,842
his ability to provide.
342
00:35:14,546 --> 00:35:17,015
The pair will repeat
this process almost
343
00:35:17,148 --> 00:35:19,351
40 times throughout their lives,
344
00:35:23,822 --> 00:35:27,425
rendering this couple
the tightest of fits.
345
00:35:37,235 --> 00:35:40,372
♪ ♪
346
00:35:42,340 --> 00:35:46,878
This planet has quite a
flair for creating life in
347
00:35:47,012 --> 00:35:49,314
endlessly strange forms.
348
00:35:52,717 --> 00:35:55,620
But evolution keeps
making crabs.
349
00:35:57,822 --> 00:35:59,658
And nobody knows why.
350
00:36:02,594 --> 00:36:05,630
♪ ♪
351
00:36:06,631 --> 00:36:10,668
In the last 250 million
years, crab-like animals
352
00:36:10,802 --> 00:36:14,072
have evolved independently
at least five times
353
00:36:14,205 --> 00:36:17,475
over from very
different ancestors.
354
00:36:22,080 --> 00:36:26,184
But the reason crabs keep
appearing may be because their
355
00:36:26,317 --> 00:36:30,789
body plan is so versatile
when it comes to hiding
356
00:36:30,922 --> 00:36:32,157
from predators.
357
00:36:38,296 --> 00:36:42,734
So does a crab-like body make
you an evolutionary rock star?
358
00:36:48,740 --> 00:36:52,343
Well fire urchins and
sea anemones think so.
359
00:36:53,611 --> 00:36:56,614
Because once they've hooked
up with certain crabs,
360
00:36:56,748 --> 00:37:01,553
these power couples will change
each other's lives forever.
361
00:37:07,892 --> 00:37:11,796
Fire urchins are
prickly deep-sea dwellers that
362
00:37:11,930 --> 00:37:13,898
are as dangerous as they look.
363
00:37:16,267 --> 00:37:18,570
Those spines are
tipped with venom.
364
00:37:21,372 --> 00:37:23,942
That would be enough to
ward off most species.
365
00:37:28,613 --> 00:37:30,882
But not the carrier crab.
366
00:37:32,450 --> 00:37:36,321
The crab's modified back
legs have just one purpose.
367
00:37:40,225 --> 00:37:45,430
Whisking impressionable urchins
away for the ride of their life.
368
00:37:48,867 --> 00:37:52,170
Coupled up and happy,
they hit the road.
369
00:37:55,440 --> 00:37:59,277
The urchin's punked-up wig
of venomous barbs protects
370
00:37:59,410 --> 00:38:00,979
the crab from predators.
371
00:38:04,582 --> 00:38:07,952
So he's free to indulge
in his favorite foods.
372
00:38:09,521 --> 00:38:12,490
♪ ♪
373
00:38:16,027 --> 00:38:19,964
Like John and Yoko, this
rock star couple have each
374
00:38:20,098 --> 00:38:22,333
other's backs no matter what.
375
00:38:28,139 --> 00:38:33,211
But rock star crabs can couple
up in all kinds of ways.
376
00:38:35,613 --> 00:38:40,185
The boxer crab is more a glam
rocker, spends most of its days
377
00:38:40,318 --> 00:38:42,887
attached to reefs
in shallow waters.
378
00:38:48,560 --> 00:38:51,863
At these depths, it's
vulnerable to birds, fish,
379
00:38:51,996 --> 00:38:54,732
octopus and even other crabs.
380
00:38:59,938 --> 00:39:01,372
Tough crowd to control.
381
00:39:06,144 --> 00:39:08,379
Luckily it's not alone.
382
00:39:09,881 --> 00:39:12,850
♪ ♪
383
00:39:15,386 --> 00:39:20,291
While these foxy white
pom-poms may look like part of its eight limbs,
384
00:39:21,593 --> 00:39:25,396
they are in fact two
venomous sea anemones,
385
00:39:25,530 --> 00:39:28,199
carried in its claws
for protection.
386
00:39:29,968 --> 00:39:33,438
Dancing and weaving on its
back legs, the boxer floats
387
00:39:33,571 --> 00:39:35,707
its white gloves as a warning.
388
00:39:40,478 --> 00:39:43,648
Stinging anyone who
dares to come too close.
389
00:39:54,959 --> 00:39:59,063
In exchange for this defense,
as the crab forages,
390
00:39:59,197 --> 00:40:02,900
the anemones are nourished by
the crab's food scraps.
391
00:40:07,272 --> 00:40:10,408
♪ ♪
392
00:40:12,043 --> 00:40:16,014
In the life of evolutionary
rock stars, the carrier and the
393
00:40:16,147 --> 00:40:21,452
boxer are two crabs that know
the power of a great duet.
394
00:40:34,899 --> 00:40:40,104
Among the world of aquatic
sidekicks, there is a kind of
395
00:40:40,238 --> 00:40:44,442
fish with a crude reputation
as that annoying guest who
396
00:40:45,209 --> 00:40:46,778
never quite knows when to leave.
397
00:40:49,948 --> 00:40:53,151
In short, these fish suck.
398
00:40:53,284 --> 00:40:53,918
Big time.
399
00:41:06,164 --> 00:41:10,835
The remora's dorsal fin has
adapted over time to become a
400
00:41:10,968 --> 00:41:16,607
suction disc, making them
super clingy hitchhikers.
401
00:41:19,510 --> 00:41:23,081
With no air bladder to keep
them afloat like normal fish,
402
00:41:24,048 --> 00:41:29,554
they depend on hospitable hosts
to travel and to find food.
403
00:41:30,588 --> 00:41:34,292
But they've got to choose a
ride that works for them.
404
00:41:35,626 --> 00:41:37,562
How about these whale sharks?
405
00:41:43,935 --> 00:41:47,405
Up to two dozen remoras
crowd one whale shark.
406
00:41:50,274 --> 00:41:55,413
They snack on parasitic copepods
that plague the giant fish.
407
00:41:57,014 --> 00:42:01,018
So whale sharks don't mind
too much when it comes
408
00:42:01,152 --> 00:42:02,387
to giving them a lift.
409
00:42:08,026 --> 00:42:10,762
Then there's more sharky sharks.
410
00:42:13,097 --> 00:42:16,868
You'd think it would be harder
to hold on to fast-moving hosts.
411
00:42:18,903 --> 00:42:19,937
But it's the opposite.
412
00:42:22,206 --> 00:42:26,210
The remora seals its suction
disc against the shark's body.
413
00:42:33,551 --> 00:42:37,655
The faster the shark swims,
the increasing water pressure
414
00:42:37,789 --> 00:42:40,625
amplifies the remora's
suction seal.
415
00:42:42,493 --> 00:42:45,830
And if the host deems its
guests a tad too annoying,
416
00:42:48,066 --> 00:42:49,834
they make for handy appetizers.
417
00:42:55,840 --> 00:42:58,743
Then there are these
little suckers.
418
00:43:05,817 --> 00:43:09,654
For this species of remora,
green sea turtles are
419
00:43:09,787 --> 00:43:11,155
the preferred superhost.
420
00:43:12,557 --> 00:43:15,526
♪ ♪
421
00:43:16,928 --> 00:43:19,430
Oh, something's stirring.
422
00:43:24,268 --> 00:43:26,771
It just happens to be
the turtle's tummy.
423
00:43:28,973 --> 00:43:32,944
And the grateful bottom
feeders suck up the offering.
424
00:43:39,750 --> 00:43:43,354
The planet is filled
to the brim with, um,
425
00:43:43,488 --> 00:43:45,523
strange companionships.
426
00:43:46,657 --> 00:43:50,862
But remora like this
take the sidekick thing
427
00:43:50,995 --> 00:43:52,864
to a whole new level.
428
00:43:53,898 --> 00:43:59,203
Because nature is never weirder
than a toilet-trained fish.
35461
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