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I kind of have two moons
in my head, I guess,

whereas most people
just have one moon.

I look at the Moon just like everybody else
who's never been there

and, you know, there it is and
I've always thought it was interesting...

Whether it's full or a sliver,
or what have you.

But every once in a while,
I do think of a second moon,

you know, the one that
I recall from up close

and, yeah, it is kind of hard to believe
that I was actually up there.

I want to promise you, I'm human.

I pinched myself to find out
whether it was really happening.

I called the Moon my home
for three days of my life

and I'm here to tell you about it.

That's science fiction.

My father was born shortly
after the Wright brothers.

He could barely believe
that I went to the Moon.

But my son, Tom, was five.

And he didn't think
it was any big deal.

Lift-off, we have a lift-off.

32 minutes past the hour.

The tower is clear.

♪ Woke up this morning ♪

♪ With light in my eyes... ♪

One day, under secret orders,

a group of us at the Test Pilot Center

were ordered to go to Washington
to get a briefing.

And they talked about the Atlas booster

and putting a capsule on top of that
with a man in it,

Uh, to... To try to put a man into space.

And of course, at that time,

the Atlas boosters were blowing up
every other day down at Cape Canaveral.

♪ Hey Mr. Spaceman ♪

♪ Won't you please take me along ♪

♪ I won't do anything wrong ♪

And it looked like a very, you know,
quick way to have a short career.

♪ ...Take me along for a ride ♪

♪ Woke up this morning ♪

♪ I was feeling quite weird ♪

♪ I had flies in my beard ♪

♪ My toothpaste was smeared ♪

♪ Over my window
they'd written my name ♪

♪ Said, "So long,
we'll see you again" ♪

♪ Hey Mr. Spaceman ♪

♪ Won't you please take me along ♪

♪ I won't do anything wrong ♪

♪ Hey Mr. Spaceman ♪

♪ Won't you please take ♪
me along for a ride

Now it is time
to take longer strides,

time for a great new
American enterprise,

time for this nation
to take a clearly leading role

in space achievement.

Politically, it was about
beating the Russians,

but those of us with a science bent

or a curious bent,
knew it was more than that.

I believe that this nation
should commit itself

to achieving the goal,
before this decade is out,

of landing a man on the Moon
and returning him safely to the Earth.

It was beautiful in its simplicity.

Do what? Moon!

When? End of decade!

He challenged us to do

what I think most people
thought was impossible, including me.

We go into space because whatever
Mankind must undertake,

free men must fully share.

But in a very real sense,

it will not be one man
going to the Moon.

We make this judgment affirmatively;

It will be an entire nation.

For all of us must work to put him there.

I did the usual thing
of making model airplanes.

Most of them,
little balsawood contraptions.

Some of them actually flew
and I liked that.

So I'd been interested
in mechanical objects in the sky,

I guess, from as long
as I could remember.

I was always awed by flight.

When I was a young lad,

a barnstormer flying
a World War I airplane

landed on our farm and Dad
helped him refuel and I got a ride,

and he took me for a circle of the field
and that was my first airplane ride,

at about four years of age.

The Mustangs dropped their wing tanks

and plunged into the fight.

Maybe it was the movies,
maybe it was the real life news,

but I knew that someday, sometime,

that's what I wanted to do.

I knew I wanted to fly airplanes.

In '61, I had just graduated
from the Test Pilot School

and I had a job flying fighters
in fighter tests at Edwards.

At the Flight Test Center

is the fastest school in the world:

The United States Air Force
Flight Test School,

from whose doors upon graduation

come the men destined to push back

the frontiers
of aeronautical knowledge.

Test pilot experience was critical.

It was a profession with
a lot of esprit de corps

and a lot of danger
and a pioneering spirit.

And when you're at
supersonic speeds and high altitudes,

learning to survive that and bring your
machine back down,

it's the fundamental task
and the higher and faster you flew,

the more dangerous
and more exciting it became.

I thought I had the
best job in the world

from the day I entered flight training
until I looked on TV

one day and Al Shepherd
goes up in a rocket.

The rocket performs perfectly!

He's gone higher than I've ever gone
and faster than I've ever gone

and most important,
he's made more noise doing it.

He's even on TV doing it!

How do I...
How do I get that job?

"I've Got A Secret!"

Brought to you tonight by...

Dream Whip!

The light, delicious topping

that won't wilt on your desserts.

Dream Whip!

Now, if you'll whisper
your secret to me, Mr. And Mrs. Armstrong,

We'll show it at the same time
to our audience at home.

If you'll both lean in and whisper.

Everybody put their application
in to every NASA request.

I mean, it was just,
sort of a peer kind of thing.

So NASA put out a request
for a third group of astronauts in early '63,

and of course everybody in my test
pilot class put their application in

because it was another opportunity
for a new challenge.

It certainly sounded very challenging
and something that if...

if other people wanted to be
a part of this

and this was a noble national effort,
why, I wanted to be a part of it.

Now how would you feel,
Mrs. Armstrong,

If it turned out...
Of course, nobody knows;

But if it turns out that your son
is first man to land on the Moon,

What... How would you feel?

Well, I guess I'd just say God bless him

and I wish him the best of all good luck.

I'll bet you.

That group of astronauts
was far and away the best group

I had ever been associated with.

There weren't any really weak sisters
in the bunch.

They were just an amazingly competent,
hardworking,

really good bunch of people.

One day... you're just Gene Cernan,

young naval aviator, whatever,

and the next day,
you're an American hero.

Literally.
And you have done nothing.

When Tom Wolfe
wrote "The Right Stuff",

I thought,
"Boy! That sounds good.

People are going to think
I have the right stuff!

I'm the same guy I always was,
but now, I've got the right stuff!"

It's sort of an unshakeable belief
in your own infallibility.

That's what the right stuff is.

That you're immortal,

that you can do anything
that is thrown at you.

Nobody knew really
how to go to the Moon,

there was a lot on paper.

And we didn't know how to do things
and we didn't know how things would work.

It was just a matter of
putting them together,

making them work
and then correcting deficiencies.

And as pilots, astronauts,

why, we participated
in all of these things,

along with management
and the engineers.

What we did in the early days

was take the overall spacecraft

and divide it up like a pie.

We sliced that pie up
into 10 or 15 different pieces

and we handed each slice
to one of the astronauts

and said, "This is yours,
we want you to learn that slice."

We shall send to the Moon,

240,000 miles away,

a giant rocket

more than 300 feet tall,

made of new metal alloys,

some of which have
not yet been invented,

fitted together with a precision

better than the finest watch,

on an untried mission

to an unknown celestial body,

and then return it safely to Earth,

re-entering the atmosphere

at speeds of over
25,000 miles per hour,

causing heat about half that
of the temperature of the Sun,

Almost as hot as it is here today.

And do all this...
And do all this

and do it right and do it first,

before this decade is out,

then we must be bold.

I look back at Kennedy,

was he a visionary,
was he a dreamer,

was he politically astute?

The chances are, yes,

he was probably...
probably all three.

We'll never know.

Nor will we ever know
whether he really fully appreciated

The challenge that he had laid down
in front of... the American people.

And therefore, as we set sail,

we ask God's blessing

on the most hazardous and dangerous
and greatest adventure

on which man has ever embarked.

Things were moving very quickly

and I was assigned as a back-up crew
to the first Apollo mission.

Things were in sort of a turmoil,
there were a lot of problems,

and Gus Grissom was
doing the best he could,

with his crew of Ed White and Roger Chaffee,
to straighten them out,

try to get the spacecraft
ready to fly.

We were incredibly intelligent

about some of
the hazards that we faced.

And we thought long
and hard about them

and we did everything we could
to ward them off,

but the business of 100% oxygen environment
inside the spacecraft,

we really had not thought that through.

And the wires were really bad in there.

I'd asked Gus, I said,

"Gus, why don't you say something
about this wiring?"

I said, "It's really terrible,
they ought to do something about this wiring,

it's really bad."
and he said, "I don't..."

And he said, "I can't say anything about it
or they'll fire me."

That's what he told me.
I couldn't believe it.

The crew were conducting
this test on the ground,

they weren't going to fly.

I guess we, and I think of all of us
in the NASA family,

never gave it a second thought.

what would happen if you got a spark

in a 16 psi,
100% oxygen environment?

I picked up the phone

and they said... "Who's this?"

I told them Alan Bean,

he said, "Well, we're down here,
we're doing this test

and we've lost the crew."

And I said...

"Where'd they go?
You've lost them?"

Because I thought
they just needed to run the test

and they can't find them.

"No" they said,
"We've lost the crew."

I said, "Maybe they're
down at the beach house."

And they said,
"No, there was a fire."

And then it dawns on me
that maybe they're talking about

something different than I think.

We interrupt our regular programming

to bring you this special report.

Here's ABC's science editor,
Jules Bergman.

Top space agency officials
are flying to Cape Kennedy tonight

to begin the official investigation
into what caused the flash fire

that killed the nation's
first three Apollo astronauts earlier tonight.

They died at t-minus ten minutes
into a simulated launch countdown,

helplessly trapped inside their spacecraft.

The accident occurred in January,

the end of January 27th.

And we're burying
our guys at Arlington

and I wasn't sure whether we were
burying the entire Apollo program

or three... of our buddies.

That was the period, the late '60s,

when we were fighting in Vietnam

and when a lot of racial
issues were going around.

I was not really in tune

with what was going
on in the country.

Our whole culture was changing
markedly in this period.

The Civil Rights Movement,

the Women's Movement,

the whole movement
toward a greater openness of society.

I think we were very aware
of the situation in Vietnam

because a lot of our friends
were flying airplanes in combat in Vietnam.

And there would we have been,

had we not been in
the space program.

I guess I can sort of admit it now,

I've admitted it a little
bit to a few friends.

That... I've always had a guilt complex
to some degree.

That was my war, good or bad.

Whether it was a good war
or a bad war,

we're not discussing that,
but that was my war, to fight for my country,

and my buddies were getting shot at
and shot down

and in some cases captured.

And I was getting my picture
on the front page of the paper.

And I've always felt
that they fought my war for me.

They look at it totally different.

They said, "You were
doing something

that this country needed
more than anything else at the time.

You were part of a program,

the only thing we had
to hold our head high and be proud of."

1968, in this country,

was a disastrous year.

We had several assassinations,

Uh, not too good...

So we needed something
really to cap it up that was positive,

to give the American people
a sense of... of accomplishment

or at least satisfaction
of something.

If you were a scriptwriter
for the movies,

you couldn't have picked
a better scenario than Apollo 8!

We hear from the CIA

that the Russians
are going to send a spacecraft

around the Moon with a person in it
and upstage us.

If they orbit the Moon
before we land on the Moon,

then they've gotten there first.

We changed our plans on Apollo 8.

They changed the mission
from an Earth orbital type

to a flight to the Moon.

And it was a bold move,
it had some risky aspects to it,

but it was a time when
we made bold moves.

The engines are off.

Four, three, two, one, zero.

We have commenced...

Apollo 8, Houston.

Your trajectory and
guidance are go, over.

Thank you, Michael.

Yeah, you're looking real good...

It wasn't until we rolled over

that we actually saw the Moon
for the first time.

We were just 60 miles
above the craters,

and, you know...

we were sort of like three school kids
looking in a candy store window,

and we forgot the flight plan,
here we are, just 60 miles away.

Oh my God,
look at that picture over there!

Wow, is that pretty!

You got a color film, Jim?

Hand me a roll of color, quick.

Just grab me a color.

A color exterior.

We took photographs
as much as we could

and, of course,
we took the photograph

of the famous
Earth rise around the Moon

and I have to credit Bill Anders
for taking the picture.

Uh, he claims it
all the time, anyway!

Calm down, Lovell!

Well, I got it right...

Oh, it's a beautiful shot!

And of course, Christmas Eve,

being around the Moon
on Christmas Eve,

we thought this would be
a very auspicious time to say something.

The three of us selected to read
from the Old Testament,

and we had it in fireproof paper
in the back of our flight manual.

"In the beginning,

God created the Heaven
and the Earth

and the Earth was
without form and void.

And darkness was upon
the face of the deep.

And the Spirit of God
moved upon the face of the waters

and God said,
'let there be light'.

And there was light."

I thought it was a very nice touch,

it fit very nicely into getting away
from all this machinery,

and let's get down into,
sort of, the fundamentals

of what makes all this happen,
why are we here.

I liked it.

We close with
good night, good luck;

A merry Christmas and
God bless all of you,

all of you on the good Earth.

When we came back,

there was a lady in Dallas, Texas,

who was an atheist,

and I don't have
anything against atheists,

but she sued us.

For the mixing of...
Church and State,

and she said that
was inappropriate.

Maybe it was, I don't know.

At that time, we were all practicing

to go to the Apollo 11 site,
Sea of Tranquility.

Because we had
three different crews training.

Apollo 11
was going to make the try in July

and then two months later,
we'd make it if they didn't make it,

and then if we didn't make it,

two months later
in November, Apollo 13.

So we had three chances to get to the Moon
by the end of the decade.

And so when Neil and Buzz and Mike
were assigned to Apollo 11

we knew they were going to make
the first shot.

They were a really,
really good crew,

they got along really well.

Mike was always the easy-going guy

who brought levity into things.

And I felt kind of bad that he wasn't
going to have the opportunity of being to...

Being able to be in a Lunar Lander
and make a landing,

but that was a decision that...

certainly was way over my head.

One guy had to stay
in the command module

and the other two were
going to go to the Moon

and I was... Pigeonholed,
if that's the right word,

as a command module pilot
and so that...

I lost my chance of...
of walking on the Moon

but in return for that,
I gained a chance to...

A: Fly to the Moon

and perhaps be a member
of the first crew to land on the Moon.

One thing I know about Buzz,

he's one of these guys
that's a lot smarter than most of us.

He had a nickname,
Dr. Rendezvous.

He loves to talk
about technical stuff,

particularly rendezvous.

I mean, he'll get this
orbit going this way

and that orbit
going the other way

and he really grooved
on those things.

You didn't want to sit
near him in a party

because he would start
talking about rendezvous.

And you would want to be talking

about that good-looking
girl across the room.

He could care less,
he wanted to talk about rendezvous.

And he'd been talking
to you about it all... all week long.

That's right, that was what
I was really interested in.

I always respected
Neil Armstrong highly.

He was probably
the coolest under pressure

of anyone that I had
ever had the privilege of flying with.

He was just Mr. Coolstone,
if you will.

One of the oddities
in Neil's training

was this thing we lovingly called
"the flying bedstead".

It was an ungainly-
looking contraption

and it was meant to imitate the L.M.,
the Lunar Module.

Neil, he and I were
in adjoining offices, same secretary.

I remember one day I came in
in the morning,

I run into a couple of guys, they say,

"Do you know that Neil bailed
out of the LLTV this morning?"

I said, "no way."
He said, whoever it was,

Two or three guys said, "Yeah!"

I said, "Okay, I'm going
in there and ask him."

So I go in there and Neil...

Neil's fooling around,
nothing going on.

I said, "those guys
out in the office

Said you bailed out of
the LLTV this morning."

He said, "Yeah."

That was all he said, "Yeah."

I mean this guy had been
a second and a half

from being killed
and that was it.

He didn't say,
"I nearly got killed",

"I nearly, you know..."
I don't know what we...

"Yeah."
That was it, that was it!

I mean, what was he
supposed to do?

I mean, maybe
he could have gone out

and gotten roaring
drunk or something

but that's not Neil, you know?

He went back and shuffled paper.
That's what you had to do.

You know, the program goes on!

Tomorrow we, the crew
of Apollo 11, are...

privileged to represent
the United States

in our first attempt

to take Man to another
heavenly body.

Um...

Well, I'd given up smoking the pipe

maybe three weeks before launch.

That's my best recollection,

maybe having a drink,
three days before.

I don't think anybody
really slept too well

the night before,
you're just wondering

about whether you can...
get enough rest

for what you need
to possibly do.

This is CBS News
color coverage of...

Sponsored by Kellogg's.

Kellogg's puts more
in your morning.

Here from CBS News
Apollo headquarters

at Kennedy Space Center,
correspondent Walter Cronkite.

Good morning.

It's t-minus one hour,

29 minutes and
53 seconds and counting.

In just an hour and a half,
if all goes well,

Apollo 11 astronauts
Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins

are to lift off from
pad 39-a out there,

on the voyage Man always
has dreamed about.

Next stop for them: The Moon.

Well, on launch days, it's kind of strange,

you go out in a van to the launch pad,

and you're... you're kind of used to that.

Riding in a van is the American way,

so that's not a problem.

When you get out to the base
of this gigantic gantry,

it's... it's empty,
there's nobody there, it's deserted.

And you're accustomed
to scores of workers,

you know, swarming like ants
all up and down and around it,

and, you know, you're in
with a crowd of people.

And then suddenly
there's nobody there

and you think, "God, you know,
maybe they know something I don't know!"

We got out there
to the launch pad.

So I had about ten minutes to look out

and see the Sun rise,
see the waves coming in

and see the evidence
of the people out on the side.

Just... And thinking about the fact

that this was something
I wanted to remember.

So it is now, before they go,

as their gleaming vehicle
sits poised and peaceful

out there behind me on pad 39-a,

that there is time to
think of those three men

and the burdens and the hopes

that they carry on
behalf of all Mankind.

I had the feeling
the whole world was watching us.

So, not only do I have
a lot of things I can do wrong,

but the consequences
should I do them wrong

are going to be immediately obvious
to three billion people

and... that's
a worrisome thought.

T-minus ten minutes
and counting, t-minus ten.

We're aiming for our planned lift-off

at 32 minutes past the hour.

This is Kennedy launch control.

I don't know why
people who have not been on rockets

continue to ask
"You were not scared?"

No, we were not scared!

Until something happens,
then it's time to get scared.

We're just past
the two minute mark in the countdown,

t-minus 1 minute, 54 seconds.

The countdown
is a very negative thing.

You just hope nothing goes wrong.

You think, "oh, whoosh,
we got by that one

and maybe
we'll get by that one..."

and then when you get
very close to launch,

suddenly, it's like someone turned on
a big electric light bulb,

You think, "You know,
I think we're really going to go, you know,

I think it's going to happen.
We're going to leave!"

30 seconds and counting.

Astronauts report it feels good.

T-minus 25 seconds...

20 seconds and counting.

T-minus 15 seconds.

Guidance is internal.

12, 11, 10, 9...

Ignition sequence starts.

Six, five, four,

Three, two, one, zero.

At the moment of lift-off,

There were numbers
changing on the dashboard,

there were sounds
indicating in the voice loop

that we'd had lift-off,
but what did we feel?

I think we felt,
in those early moments,

that we were not attached
to the ground any more,

but there was
a slight hunting, maybe,

of the guidance system.

I'd describe it as a nervous novice

driving a wide car down a narrow alley.

You know, you've got to make corrections,
you're not quite sure.

You zig this way and that way...

And what it is,
it's those big motors underneath

"gimbaling", you know,
swiveling back and forth

to keep you in balance.

This thing is a pencil as it goes up

and it has to be
balanced very precisely.

And the gimbaling of the motors,
you feel in the seat of your pants

and thinking, "Gee, that launch tower
is just a few feet off to one side.

I hope this sucker ain't gonna gimbal
over in that direction too much."

And then when they tell
you launch tower clear,

you kind of say, "Oh, whoosh,

that's good. We don't have to
worry about hitting that moose."

And then off you go from there.

Will metal
stand this kind of vibration?

Have the engineers realized
how this thing shakes?

Because it shakes and vibrates

so much more than I ever imagined.

When they open up
the fuel manifolds,

we could hear the fuel
rumble down these huge pipes.

Then it dawned on me,
from an emotional point of view,

that we're going to go to the Moon.

The sound and the reverberations

coming from those engines,

those five engines
when they're ignited,

it shakes the whole body,
the reverberations from it.

It's very emotional.

You're not just riding along.

A lot of people think
you're just lying on your back

waiting for it to happen.

But not really,
because every second

is something of significance.

I found out
from the flight surgeon later on

that my heartbeat
was a 144 at lift-off.

John's was 70.

Yeah, well, I told him.

I said mine was too old
to go any faster. Yeah.

I was wondering, why did we do
all these launch simulations?

If I had had to reach a switch
with all of that vibration going on

I wouldn't have quite been sure
where I was putting my hand.

We were on our way.

What a ride, babe, what a ride!

I had control of that vehicle
right in the palm of my hands.

If the guidance failed
or started to stray

or went somewhere we didn't like,
or the Ground didn't like,

I could flip a switch
and I could control seven...

over seven and a half million pounds

of rocket thrust with this handle

and fly the thing to the Moon myself.

And I guarantee you, I had practiced it

and trained for it so many times,
I almost dared...

I almost dared her to quit on me.

Every breath she breathed,
I breathed with her.

She was uniquely something special

and what a hell of a ride she gave us.

We had been warned
about shutdown with the Saturn

because you go
from four and a half Gs

to zero just like that.

And this big fireball

comes roaring up
the length of that booster...

And just...
Out in front of you

then the second stage fires

and you fly right through the fireball

and you're on your way again.

Roger, Houston,
you are go for staging.

Houston, thrusters go, all engines.

You're looking good.

Roger, hearing you
loud and clear, Houston.

Tower's gone.

Roger, tower.

Yeah!
They finally gave me a window to look out!

You go up into Earth orbit

and you go around the Earth once

and again that's a busy time,

because you want to make sure

that everything on board
is working properly

before you set sail for the Moon.

Apollo 11, this is Houston.

You are go for TLI. Over.

Apollo 11, thank you.

And then you get
the word you're go for TLI

and that means you can ignite the motor

and head on off to
the Moon and you do,

and you go, and that's it!

Ignition.

We confirm ignition and the thrust is go.

Just a second.

Apollo 11, out.

35,000 feet per second.

Get out.

Climb velocity 35,570 feet per second.

Altitude, 177 nautical miles.

Houston, Apollo 11,

that Saturn gave us a magnificent ride.

Uh, roger, 11,
we'll pass that on.

And it kind of looks
like you're on your way now.

In Earth orbit, the horizon's
just slightly curved.

When you head on out to the Moon,
in very short order,

and you get a chance
to look back at the Earth,

that horizon slowly curves
around in upon itself

and all of a sudden,
you're looking at something...

that's very strange
but yet is very, very familiar

because you're beginning
to see the Earth evolve.

I was able to look out the window

to see this incredible sight

of the whole circle of the Earth.

Oceans were crystal blue,

the land was brown,

and the clouds and the
snow were pure white

and that jewel of Earth

was just hung up in
the blackness of space.

The only people that have seen
the whole circle of the Earth

are the 24 guys that went to the Moon.

When you see Earth like that, it's powerful.

Not... Not even bigger
than that, way up there.

How peaceful and calm
and quiet and serene it looked,

how fragile it appeared.

That was the... oddly enough...

the overriding sensation I got
looking at the Earth was,

"My God, that little thing
is so fragile out there."

You get to see
the Earth receding,

you get to see the Moon
coming towards you...

And it's awe-inspiring.

And you start to identify, "Hey,
we're going to be up there pretty soon,

and, bye-bye, back there."

This transmission is coming to you

approximately halfway
between the Moon and the Earth.

We've been 31 hours,
about 20 minutes into flight.

We have about, uh,

less than 40 hours left to go to the Moon.

We journeyed on our way.

We set up a course,

we took our suits off
at this point, stowed them,

we ate a meal and then
just went into our flight plan.

You know,
wasn't Grandma's cooking,

but it was worth it.

We did have hot water
on the command module

and so we took, uh...

a regular little shaving cream

and a razor and had a tissue paper,

And I can't tell you how good,

after three or four days,
it feels to shave.

In our checklist,

it turned out that
my little boys and my wife,

had these little
greetings, if you will,

were inserted into the flight plan.

This one was from my son, Charles.

It says, just in crayon,

"From Charles. We love you."

And on the other side,
he sort of had his idea

of what the...
Lunar Module looks like.

And Tom, that was not quite five,

and he wrote "Dear Daddy,

have a safe trip home. Love, Tom."

It's not fear, it's worry.

And I think there's a legitimate distinction
between the two.

So, it's not a question
of you're scared all the time,

but it is you're mildly worried all the time,
or at least, I was.

You know, you're not sure all these things
are going to work properly,

and there's a hell of a lot of them
coming in a very fragile daisy-chain

and you don't want any of those links
in the chain to break

because downstream from that broken link,
they're all useless.

So yes, you're worried,
you're concerned.

I always thought of myself as one
of the more fearful astronauts, really.

And when I'd look out of the window
of the spacecraft,

I would think,
"If that window blows out,

I'm going to die in about a second."

There's death right out
there about an inch away.

All your systems are looking good.

Going around the corner.

We'll see you on the other side, over.

Everything looks okay up here.

Roger, out.

We... We didn't see the Moon
until after we were there.

It's like some of these
science-fiction movies

where you see this big meteorite
just slowly moving.

You could feel the Moon's presence.

You couldn't see it.

We went into darkness,

after being in daylight the whole time

on the way to the Moon.

And then we went into darkness.

And we're in the shadow of the Moon.

When the Sun is shining on the surface

at a very shallow angle,

the craters cast long shadows

and the Moon's surface
seems very inhospitable.

Forbidding, almost.

I did not sense any great invitation

on the part of the Moon
for us to come into its domain.

I sensed more, almost a hostile place...

A... a scary place.

It was tense,

because even though
they'd practiced it in the simulator cockpit,

they didn't always make
a successful landing.

You've got to end up down there
with just the right amount of fuel.

Like, three minutes, you've got to be
at a certain altitude and air speed.

It didn't work...

Sometimes the update
from the landing radar didn't work,

and this was when
we were trying to do it right,

just to find a way to do it right.

This was a big deal.

Okay, it's go there, Capcom,

on the hot fire, okay?

All flight controllers going on the horn.

Go, no-go for undocking!

Retro? Go! Fido? Go! Guidance? Go!

Control? Go!
Delcom? Go! GNC? Go!

Ecom? Go! Surgeon? Go!

Capcom, we're go
for undocking.

Apollo 11, Houston,

We're go for undocking, over.

Capcom was
the capsule communicator

and it was always an astronaut.

and he was the only
one that was allowed

to speak directly to the crew.

Tell him to go... over.

And so I was very, very excited

to be part of that historic event.

If... we pulled it off,

was going to be
a tremendous honor.

Capcom, we're go to continue PDI.

You're go to...

You're go to continue
powered descent.

You're go to
continue powered descent.

Okay, everybody. Let's hang tight,

look for landing radar.

Flight guns?

Man 1:

We'll meet that landing radar
by 18,000 with this down-track.

Rog.

The landing radar
was now beginning to receive signals

and being Dr. Rendezvous,
no matter what the checklist said,

I was going to leave
the rendezvous radar on and active

so if we had to abort,
it was on and working

and we could reacquire
mic as soon as possible

if we had to go back up.

Houston, we got data dropout,

you're still looking good.

Then we had a computer alarm.

"Computer Problem, 1202".

And well, what's 1202?

1202, 1202!

So when the crew reported this alarm,

my heart sank, really.

"Oh no, we've got a main,
primary computer problem.

1202 alarm.

Yeah, and same thing we had.

So the landing radar
is feeding information,

the rendezvous radar is,

and evidently that combination
was not anticipated by the guys at M.I.T.

They're pretty narrow-minded.

You're making a descent,
you need the radar, landing radar!

You're making a rendezvous,
you need the rende...

But you don't need to mix the two.

But they didn't think the same way I did.

The guidance guy,
Steve Bales, responded...

We're go on that flight!

I heard him say that
to flight control

and I just voiced right up,

"We're go, we're go, Eagle."

And we were go.

Eagle, Houston,
you are go for landing, over.

Roger, understand.

Going for landing, 3000 feet.

Look out for alarm: 1201.

1201?

Roger, 1201.

Same type, we're go, flight.

- Okay, we're go.
- We're go.

Same type, we're go.

47 degrees.

Roger.

Descent, two fuel only.

Fuel critical.
They didn't want to say critical.

And then it seemed like Neil

was having a difficult time
finding a suitable spot to put it down

and I got a little worried then

because they didn't have
a lot of extra fuel.

I think we better be quiet, Mike.

400 feet, down at 9.

Okay, the only call-outs
from now on will be fuel.

The guidance system
was carrying them into a big boulder field

and it wasn't suitable to land.

So we noticed the trajectory level off

and he just started
flying almost horizontal

across the Moon at a high rate of speed.

One of the worst things
you can do for gas

is stop your rate of descent

because then you have to take time
flying level,

then you have to get
your rate of descent built up again.

All that takes gas, okay?

So when he leveled off, I thought,
"I wonder if he's going to make it."

If... If there was a
boulder field and a crater

that we wanted to avoid,

there are four things you can do.

You can land short,

you can land left, right, or land long.

All right, to land short,
you've got to pitch up like this

and you lose sight
of where you're going.

And... Either left or right

is also a pretty drastic maneuver.

The easiest thing to do
is to just pitch forward a little bit

and fly over and land long.

Some of these boulders
were the size of Volkswagens

and you don't want to land
with one gear on top of one

and one gear down in a hole.

That would not have been good.

So, it was a little... Iffy
right there at the very end.

We had two calls
that we were to give from mission control.

The first was "Eagle, 60 seconds",

that meant he got
60 more seconds to land

and at the end of that 60 seconds,

by mission rule, I would call abort.

I never imagined
that he wasn't going to land by then

because I think he
would have dropped it in

from wherever the engine quit.

He wasn't coming home and saying,

"I got low on fuel
so I decided to abandon it."

I don't think any
astronaut would do that,

that wouldn't be the right stuff!

300 feet down.
Three and a half. 47 forward.

Neil thinks things through thoroughly

and then does what he thinks is right

and usually it's the right thing to do.

I don't think anybody can come close

to touching the skills that he had.

75 feet, just down a half. Roger, over.

60. 60 seconds.

The tension mounted in mission control

and it was like you could feel it.

You couldn't see it,
but you could sense the tension.

And it was...
I remember dead silence.

Three feet down, two and a half.

Picking up some dust.

Three feet, two and a half down.

Pull forward.
Just into the right a little.

30 seconds!

Contact light.

Okay, engines stop.

Descent.

Remote control, both on.

Descent engine Command override off.

Engine arm off.

413 is in.

We've had shut down.

We copy you down, Eagle.

Okay, everybody, t-1,
stand by for t-1.

Tranquility Base here.

The Eagle has landed!

Roger, twang... Tranquility,

We copy you on the ground.

You've got a bunch of
guys about to turn blue.

We're breathing again,
thanks a lot.

Thank you.

I was so excited,

I couldn't even get out "Tranquility".

It was "twang-quillity"
or something like that.

Whew! Boy!

Special announcement!

You will be happy to know

that the Apollo 11 has landed safely.

I think it's just wonderful

to be on Earth and to live
what's going on on the Moon.

It's marvelous!

And as a French woman,
how do you think about it?

Oh, I think it's wonderful.

I always trusted America
and I knew they couldn't fail.

I think we might have
gone and had a beer.

But I...

So we were real happy and it was...

Real pleased we'd done it

and so it was a great feeling
of accomplishment and pride,

For the... President Kennedy
and for the nation,

we did what we said we were going to do.

Roger. We read you five-by, Columbia.

He has landed.
Tranquility Base.

Eagle is at
Tranquility, over.

Yeah, I heard the whole thing!

Well, it was a good show.

Fantastic.

I discovered later

that I was described as
the loneliest man ever

in the universe or something,
which really is a lot of baloney.

I mean, I...
I had mission control

yakking in my ear half the time.

Columbia, Houston. How did it go? Over.

Listen, babe,

everything is going just swimmingly,
it's beautiful.

I rather enjoyed it.

I certainly was aware of the fact

that I was by myself,

particularly when I was over
on the back side of the Moon.

You know, I can remember
thinking, "God, you look over there

and there's 3 billion people,

plus two, somewhere down there,

and then over here there's one plus...

God only knows what!"

So, I... I know I felt that strongly,

but I didn't feel it as loneliness

and I certainly didn't feel it as fear,

I felt it as awareness,

almost a feeling of exaltation.

I... I liked it.
It was a good feeling.

Everything was going well
with the command module,

I had my happy little home,
I had the bright lights on.

Everything was fine. I enjoyed that time.

They're going to probably open
the hatch of the Lunar Module

around 9:00 o'clock
Eastern Daylight time,

just two hours from now
and shortly after that,

38-year-old Neil Armstrong, civilian,

of Wapakoneta, Ohio,

the Commander of this
successful Moon mission

will begin to step down the nine steps
of the Lunar landing Module

to the surface of the Moon itself.

And what a moment that will be!

And we're getting a picture on the TV.

There's a great deal of contrast in it

and currently,
it's upside down on our monitor

but we can make out a fair amount of detail.

I realized,
of all the science-fiction writers

who ever wrote about going to the Moon,

I don't believe any of them ever dreamed

about the world watching it on television.

Neil, this is Houston,

loud and clear.
Break, break, Buzz, this is Houston,

Uh, radio check, and
verify TV circuit breaker.

Roger, TV circuit breaker's in.

Okay, Neil,

we can see you coming
down the ladder now.

Every place I go,
everybody I see, meet,

even people who were children,
tiny babies at the time,

watched Neil put his
first step on the Moon,

the whole world participated.

...Que l'homme pour la premiere fois,

prenne pied sur la lune.

Les Russes sont loin...
naturellement.

Stand by.

I'm at the foot of the ladder.

The L.M. footpads are only, uh...

Depressed in the surface about...
one or two inches,

although the surface appears to be

very, very fine-grained
as you get close to it.

It's almost like a powder down there.

It's very fine.

Okay, I'm going to step off the L.M. now.

That's one small step for Man...

One giant leap for Mankind.

"That's one small step for Man,

One giant leap for Mankind."

It was like Neil,

but deeper than I thought

that he would come up with.

I wouldn't have had the
self-control to do that.

I'd have...

To me, I'd have been
jumping up and down,

"Yahoo!" You know?
"Man, I'm here!"

It was... That's the kind of response
that I think I would have had.

But he was very, very controlled

and those words came out

and they were very appropriate
and... Perfect.

That looks beautiful from here, Neil.

It has a stark beauty all its own,

it's like much of the high desert
of the United States.

It's different
but it's very pretty out here.

We had it in our flight plan

that we'd take the first 10-15 seconds

down at the bottom of the ladder,

sort of hold on to the
edge of the landing gear

and just sort of check
our stability and so forth.

Okay, I'm on the top steps

and it's a very simple
matter to hop down

from one step to the next.

So that's when I decided

to take that period of time to, ah...

To...

Take care of a bodily function

of slightly filling up the urine bag,

so that I wouldn't be troubled

with having to do that later on.

There you go.

So, anyway, everybody has
their firsts on the Moon.

And that one hasn't been
disputed by anybody.

The only change
that I noticed they made

prior to their flight
was they'd come to them

about a month ahead of time,
as I remember.

And they said to them,

"You're going to plant
the American flag."

So, we got the flag out
and put it in the ground

and we'd never really
practiced that one before.

Here we were on the surface

and I knew this was what
people were watching.

More people were watching us

than had ever watched two human beings
before in history

and yet we're further away,
not just in distance

but in things we've got to do
to get back home.

We've got to do some difficult things

to get out of this desolate place

and get back home again.

Thank you, 13.

13, we've got one more item for you
when you get a chance.

We'd like you to stir up your cryo tanks.

Stand by.

When the explosion occurred, of course,

I didn't know what happened.

Houston, we've had a problem.

Stand by 13, we're looking at it.

We saw the oxygen go to zero

And then come up to the top

and then went down to zero again.

We were in serious trouble.

I thought when I saw
that oxygen system leaking down,

I figured we'd lost them.
I really did.

I didn't think we'd make it.

We were as calm as could be.

We didn't panic.
Uh, if we did,

we'd still be up there,

or we could have
bounced off the walls for ten minutes

and be back where we started from.

So the first thing
that went through our mind was:

"What do we have to work with
to get home?"

And of course,
we had the Lunar Module.

It was like, abandon ship,
get into the lifeboat

and we'll come back in the lifeboat.

We figure we've got about 15 minutes

worth of power left
in the Command Module

so we want you to start
getting over in the L.M.,

and getting some power in it.

And you ready to copy your procedure?

Okay.

I worked on the problem
of using the Lunar Module

as the prime propulsion vehicle,
as a tugboat.

and how they could fly it manually,
stick and rudder stuff,

if they'd lost the prime guidance system.

John and I, with others,

had worked on this maneuver
to get them back

on what was called a
free return trajectory,

so they would come back

and come right back
into Earth's atmosphere

on the correct angle and velocity.

Apollo 13, 2 minutes away now
from scheduled time of ignition.

And so we used the Earth's terminator

to figure out our attitude,

we had to get the Earth in the window
of the Lunar Module.

Confirmed ignition.

I knew when that engine went on,

without an autopilot, I'd never be able
to keep the Earth in the window by myself,

so Fred-O kept the Earth
from going sideways,

I kept it from going up and down...

I had to learn to...
maneuver all over again

in a very short period of time.

But you'd be surprised
how quickly you learn.

Houston, you're looking good.

My attitude went from,
"We ain't going to make it"

to, "If we don't foul up
and they don't foul up,

and we don't have any other disaster,

we're going to make it."

It was NASA's greatest moment,
I'm convinced.

And that crew,
to keep calm and responsive

and do things right the first time,

that's important, it was just great.
They were great.

It was a case of survival
and certainly landing on the Moon

and surviving to see the next sunrise
are two different things.

And it wasn't until I got
comfortably back on Earth

that I became very much disappointed

in not making a landing on the Moon.

Boy, that's a big mountain

when you're down here
looking up, isn't it?

We all of a sudden realized

that we were below the
tops of the mountains.

I can't believe it. Amazing!

And then I look out at the horizon

and I thought to myself,

"God, I hope Pete doesn't land
over there because we'll tip over."

Here comes the shadow.

We were blowing lunar dust everywhere.

It was like landing through the fog.

Well, we is here!

Man, is we here!
How's that look?

And if there's any one moment

in my whole flight when time stood still,

it was those first few seconds
when we touched down

and everything came to a screeching halt.

And there we were.

The first feelings were,

"Wow, this is, uh...
What am I doing here?

This is a different world!"

And, uh, there's a part of it of...

"You dumb ass... You've really got yourself
into something here!"

When you land
on the Moon and you stop,

and you get out, nobody's out there.

This little L.M. and then
the two of you, you're it,

on this whole big place.

And that's a weird feeling,
it's a weird feeling to be...

Two people and that's it.

Oh, my golly. Unbelievable!

Unbelievable.

But is it bright in the Sun.

Oh, look at that.

Isn't that something?

We're up on a slope, Joe,

and we're looking back
down into the valley.

It's beautiful.
That is spectacular.

Dad, this is really
a rock and rolling ride, isn't it?

Never been on a ride like this before.

The Rover was very useful,

very comfortable ride for the most part,

but any time you hit
a bump in one-sixth gravity,

you're going to be off the surface
for a little ways.

I hold the world's speed record
downhill in a Rover.

I think it was
17 kilometers per hour, downhill.

I think even Gene Cernan
with all his test pilot macho

felt that that was a little fast!

There are a lot of craters

and it's just sporty driving.

I've just got to keep my eye
on the road every second.

What really saves you up there

is there's nobody coming down the road
from the other way.

Oh, look at this baby climb the hill.

I think the feeling
that I had was the whole time

was the feeling of awe.

The Moon was the most spectacularly
beautiful desert you can ever imagine.

Unspoiled, untouched.

It had a vibrancy about it

and the contrast between the Moon

and the black sky was so vivid and...

It just made this impression, you know,

of excitement and wonder.

We were true scientific explorers.

We were looking at things
that human beings

had never seen before
or if they had seen them,

they weren't thinking about them

in terms of understanding our Earth

and our solar system
and indeed the universe.

And that's what we were.
That's what we were doing.

We were scientific explorers

right from the moment
we stepped out of the spacecraft.

Roger, Dave. Let's do a little geology.

Going to document the area first here, Joe.

If you come around there,

there's a rock in the
near field on this rim...

I'd like you to pick it up as a ground sample.

I say, John, just look at that footprint.

Look underneath that
when you picked that up.

...a centimeter or so under, it's white!

Absolutely white right here.

Gee, you got a bag?

All set.

Okay, I'm going to get the...

shadowed material...

Look, this is a real beauty!

I didn't have any great feeling of...

"Oh, we've done it!"

I mean, we've done part of it, but, uh...

I was a lot more worried, I guess,

about getting them up off the Moon

than I was about getting
them down onto the Moon.

The motor on the Lunar Module
was one motor

and if something went wrong with it,

you know, they were dead men,

there was no other way
for them to leave.

Ladies and gentlemen,

the President of the United States.

Good evening,
my fellow Americans.

Tonight, I want to talk to you

on a subject of deep concern
to all Americans

and to many people
in all parts of the world.

"Fate has ordained

that the men who went to the Moon
to explore in peace

will stay on the Moon to rest in peace.

These brave men,
Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin,

know that there is no hope
for their recovery,

but they also know that there is
hope for Mankind In their sacrifice."

I mean, this is, you know...

What a public relations
person would have to say.

Nine, eight, seven, six, five...

Port stage, engine arm, ascent, proceed.

Beautiful.
26-36 feet per second up.

Pitchover.

Very smooth.

Balance couple, off.

Very quiet ride.

Eagle, Houston request
manual start override.

2600 feet altitude.

Eagle, Houston,
one minute. You are looking good.

Oh God, look... It's beautiful.

It's a beautiful little thing,
you see the L.M., you know,

a little golden bug down
there among the craters

and it gets slowly bigger and bigger.

They seem to be, you
know, like riding rails,

they were very precise.

And then it got right up next to me
and then it was my job, as before,

to make the connection
between the two vehicles.

Finally, they got back
into the command module

and I grabbed Buzz by both ears

and I was going to kiss
him on the forehead,

I can remember that.

and I got him to right about here

and I said, "That's not a very...

good thing to do somehow,"

so I forgot,
whether I clapped him on the back

or shook his hand or did something.

And again, you don't have time
to sit around and reminisce

because you've got T.E.I. coming up

in another... little while,

so you've got to get ready for that
and come home.

The biggest joy
was on the way home.

In my cockpit window, every two minutes,

the Earth, the Moon, the Sun

and a whole 360 degree
panorama of the heavens.

And that was a powerful,
overwhelming experience.

And suddenly I realized
that the molecules of my body

and the molecules of the spacecraft

and the molecules in the bodies
of my partners

were prototyped and manufactured

in some ancient generation of stars.

And that was an overwhelming sense
of oneness, of connectedness.

It wasn't them and us,
it was, "that's me, that's all of it,

it's one thing."

And it was accompanied by an ecstasy,

a sense of, "oh my God. wow, yes,"
an insight, an epiphany.

Re-entry is very critical on Apollo.

The last time I looked at my computer,

we were accelerating
through 39,000 feet per second,

which is... uh, translates
to over 26,000 miles an hour.

A rifle bullet only
goes 2000 miles an hour.

You are literally on fire.

Your heat shield is on fire
and it's streaming...

Its fragments are
streaming out behind you.

It's like being inside a gigantic light bulb.

The re-entry started at 400,000 feet,

and by the time you've got to 90,000 feet,

you're basically coming
straight down, freefall.

Well, then the final link
in the daisy chain is the...

is, well, there... Actually,

I guess I'd have to say
there may be two more,

but, uh... the important one
is that the parachutes open.

Mains coming out,
huge explosion again

and these three
chutes come out.

The three orange and
white spheres of reassurance.

That was the end.

That was the last of the daisy...

Well, then we had to get out.

I can remember the beautiful water.

You know, we were out in the deep
ocean in the Pacific.

It was such a startling violet color.

I remember looking at
the ocean and admiring,

"Nice ocean you got here,
planet Earth."

To me, the marvel of it

is that it all worked like clockwork,

I almost said like magic.

There might be a little magic mixed up

in the back of that big clock somewhere...

Because everything worked
as it was supposed to.

Nobody messed up.

Even I didn't make mistakes.

I knew that anyone
who was on the first lunar landing

was certainly going to be propelled

into the public view in an enormous way.

That awareness was troublesome

and interfered during the mission.

But it's nothing like what happens
after the mission

and for the rest of your life.

You are the person now,

not just an average fighter pilot,

who did this and that pretty well,

but, "This guy walked on the Moon."

And now I have to sort of uphold that image

for the rest of my life, no matter what I do.

Can't think of a negative thing
about Neil Armstrong.

I think it's wonderful
that he's been the first man on the Moon.

Even though
he's somewhat reclusive,

then that helps to preserve the image.

That's a tough role.

I'm glad... I'd love to do that,

but I'd hate to try to fill that role.

That's a tough role.

Yeah... Boy!

After the flight of Apollo 11,

the three of us went
on an around-the-world trip.

Wherever we went,

people, instead of saying,
"Well, you Americans did it,"

Everywhere, they said, "We did it.

We Humankind, we the Human race,

we, people, did it."

And, I had never heard of, um...

people in different countries
use this word "We, we, we"

as emphatically as we were hearing

from Europeans, Asians, Africans...

Wherever we went,
it was, "We finally did it!"

And I thought that
was a wonderful thing.

Ephemeral, but wonderful.

I felt that I was
literally standing on a plateau

somewhere out there in space,

a plateau that science and technology
had allowed me to get to.

But now, what I was seeing
and even more important,

what I was feeling at
that moment in time,

science and technology
had no answers for.

Literally no answers,

because there I was
and there you are...

there you are,
the Earth, dynamic, overwhelming

and I felt that the world...
there's just too much purpose,

too much logic
and it was just too beautiful

to have happened by accident.

There has to be
somebody bigger than you

and bigger than me

and I mean this in a spiritual sense
not a religious sense.

There has to be
a creator of the universe

who stands above the religions

that we ourselves create to govern our lives.

A friend of ours got us
to go to a Bible study at a tennis club.

And after that weekend, I said to Jesus,
I said, "I give you my life

and if you're real, come into my life."

And I believe and he did and I had...

I had this sense of peace

that was... that was hard to describe.

It was so dramatic
that we started sharing our story.

I say, my walk
on the Moon lasted three days

and it was a great adventure,

but my walk with God lasts forever.

I think if you do something

that's drastically different

like flying to the Moon
and coming back again,

everyone tells you how important it is,
how wonderful it is

and how important,
important, important.

Then by comparison a lot of other things

that used to seem important
don't seem quite as much so.

And I'm not saying that I'm able to face life

with greater equanimity

because I've flown to the Moon, but I try to.

And maybe some of our
terrestrial squabbles

don't seem as important
after having flown to the Moon

than they did before.

We learned a lot about the Moon

but what we really learned
was about the Earth.

The fact that just from
the distance of the Moon

you could put your thumb up,

and you can hide the
Earth behind your thumb.

Everything that you have ever known...

Your loved ones, your business,
the problems of the Earth itself,

all behind your thumb.

And how insignificant we really all are.

But then how fortunate we are
to have this body

and to be able to enjoy living here

amongst the beauty of the Earth itself.

It truly is an oasis

and we don't take very good care of it.

And I think the elevation of that awareness

is a real contribution to, you know,
saving the Earth, if you will.

Earth has changed a lot
since we started flying in Gemini.

There's a lot of things like urban pollution

and you can see that when you hit orbit now.

You can see the big cities

all have their own set of unique atmospheres,

They really do.

We ought to be looking out for our kids
and our grandkids

and what are we worried about?

The price of a gallon of gasoline,

you know, in the United States,
they're worried about $3 a gallon gas.

I said, that's awful, you know?

Since that time,

I have not complained
about the weather one single time.

I'm glad there is weather.

I've not complained about traffic,

I'm glad there's people around.

One of the things that I did when I got home,

I went down to shopping centers
and I'd just go around there,

get an ice cream cone or something
and just watch the people go by

and think, "Boy, we're lucky to be here,

why do people complain about the Earth?"

We are living in the Garden of Eden!

As I look back, if I use one word,

I would use the word "luck".

I just feel very lucky.

You know, Neil Armstrong
was born in 1930,

Buzz Aldrin was born in 1930,

Mike Collins was born in 1930.

I mean how lucky can you get?

We just happened along at the right time.

I feel blessed every single day.

Not a day goes by
that I don't think, "This is great,

this was wonderful..."

Somebody had to go
and they happened to pick me,

so it is great.

You know, some of the tabloids

are saying that we did this
In a hanger in Arizona.

Maybe that would have been a good idea!

I don't know how I would...

grab someone by the collar
who didn't believe,

and shake them
and somehow change their mind.

Any significant event in history,

somebody's had a conspiracy theory
one way or the other.

I don't know two Americans
who have a fantastic secret

without one of them
blurting it out to the Press!

Can you imagine thousands of people
able to keep this secret?

We've been to the Moon nine times.

I mean, why did we fake it nine times...

If we faked it?

Truth needs no defense.

Nobody, nobody...

Can ever take those footsteps I made
on the surface of the Moon away from me.