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1
00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:12,800
Franta
2
00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:18,800
In 1915,
cei care nu fuseser� pe front
3
00:00:18,840 --> 00:00:23,000
nu stiau prin ce treceau soldatii.
4
00:00:32,800 --> 00:00:36,040
Ea nu mai primise nicio scrisoare
de la el, din aprilie.
5
00:00:37,440 --> 00:00:39,800
De un an, el lupt� cu nemtii.
6
00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:44,480
In fiecare ceas, �n fiecare zi,
ea se �ntreab� c�nd va veni acas�.
7
00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:49,400
El �i scrie despre greut�ti,
8
00:00:49,440 --> 00:00:54,400
despe cruzime si violente.
9
00:00:58,691 --> 00:01:00,840
Ii scrie c�, pentru a tr�i, si ei,
10
00:01:00,880 --> 00:01:05,000
si nemtii si-au s�pat ad�posturi.
11
00:01:11,491 --> 00:01:14,080
Cei din transee tr�iesc ca sobolanii...
12
00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:16,640
...printre sobolani.
13
00:01:16,600 --> 00:01:20,640
APOCALIPSA
PRIMUL RAZBOI MONDIAL
14
00:01:41,851 --> 00:01:44,200
In transee, zilele par aceleasi.
15
00:01:44,201 --> 00:01:47,640
In pofida atacurilor repetate,
nicio tab�r� nu c�stig� teren.
16
00:01:57,120 --> 00:02:01,840
C�nd r�sun� fluierul,
soldatii ies din transee c�tre iad.
17
00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:05,200
PARTEA 3
IADUL
18
00:02:06,800 --> 00:02:09,040
Iadul e reprezentat de artilerie.
19
00:02:09,041 --> 00:02:10,800
Obuzele fac pr�p�d.
20
00:02:17,600 --> 00:02:20,160
Srapnelele sunt �nsp�im�nt�toare.
21
00:02:20,440 --> 00:02:22,800
Explodeaz� �n aer
22
00:02:22,801 --> 00:02:24,600
si �mproasc� buc�ti de plumb.
23
00:02:26,400 --> 00:02:28,840
Scriitorul Maurice Genevoix descrie:
24
00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:31,600
"Sunt prins de grindina srapnelelor."
25
00:02:32,640 --> 00:02:35,200
"Plou� cu schije �n jurul meu."
26
00:02:35,520 --> 00:02:38,568
"Trec prin m�stile de gaze
si despic� testele soldatilor."
27
00:02:42,680 --> 00:02:46,648
In jurul lui,
oamenii sunt desfigurati pe viat�.
28
00:02:46,651 --> 00:02:49,600
Francezii le spun
"chipuri fr�nte".
29
00:02:56,600 --> 00:02:58,600
Medicii se confrunt� cu r�ni oribile,
30
00:02:58,640 --> 00:03:01,520
nemaiv�zute p�n� atunci.
31
00:03:12,400 --> 00:03:14,640
Sunt neputinciosi �n fata traumelor
32
00:03:14,641 --> 00:03:16,800
provocate de artilerie.
33
00:03:17,200 --> 00:03:20,400
Atacuri de panic�,
tremur�turi,
34
00:03:21,400 --> 00:03:23,120
paralizii.
35
00:03:32,251 --> 00:03:33,880
Milioane de oameni ajung prinsi
36
00:03:33,881 --> 00:03:36,800
�n capcana mortal� a r�zboiului.
37
00:03:43,531 --> 00:03:45,800
Septembrie 1915.
38
00:03:46,200 --> 00:03:49,200
La r�s�rit, turcii, austriecii
si germanii
39
00:03:49,240 --> 00:03:50,920
se lupt� cu rusii.
40
00:03:52,840 --> 00:03:56,400
La miaz�zi, austriecii
�i tin �n sah pe italieni.
41
00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:01,200
La apus, germanii
lupt� cu belgienii, francezii
42
00:04:01,240 --> 00:04:05,640
si britanicii, pe o linie de transee
lung� de 650 km.
43
00:04:08,931 --> 00:04:10,480
Pentru ap�rarea pozitiilor,
44
00:04:10,481 --> 00:04:13,080
soldatii au nevoie de protectie.
45
00:04:14,760 --> 00:04:17,680
In septembrie 1915, fabricile frantuzesti,
46
00:04:17,820 --> 00:04:20,080
�n care lucreaz� femeile
47
00:04:20,081 --> 00:04:24,500
produc acum echipament militar
si au comenzi urgente pentru c�sti.
48
00:04:25,001 --> 00:04:27,560
Confectionarea lor e complicat�,
49
00:04:27,600 --> 00:04:30,600
dar sunt menite s� apere de schije.
50
00:04:38,171 --> 00:04:39,960
Un film ne arat�
pe aceast� lucr�toare,
51
00:04:40,011 --> 00:04:43,329
scriind unui soldat
care va primi casca,
52
00:04:43,360 --> 00:04:45,160
o not� de afectiune.
53
00:04:49,200 --> 00:04:52,600
"Drag� soldat;
O frantuzoaic� de bine �ti doreste..."
54
00:04:52,640 --> 00:04:55,200
"...o �ntoarcere bun� si rapid�."
55
00:04:55,201 --> 00:04:58,000
"Sper c� aceast� casc�
�ti va aduce noroc."
56
00:04:58,200 --> 00:05:00,200
''Lucie Lambert.''
57
00:05:02,011 --> 00:05:03,840
Acest soldat vesel
si tovar�sii s�i...
58
00:05:03,841 --> 00:05:05,680
...au o nou� uniform�
59
00:05:05,720 --> 00:05:07,960
care se va numi "orizontul albastru",
60
00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:09,240
se presupune c� se va confunda...
61
00:05:09,241 --> 00:05:11,240
...cu cerul �n timpul atacurilor.
62
00:05:19,300 --> 00:05:21,320
Dar, oamenii sunt �ngrijorati
cu aceste semne ...
63
00:05:21,321 --> 00:05:24,120
...ele anunt� un r�zboi lung.
64
00:05:24,760 --> 00:05:26,600
Cu toate c� cameramanii oficial
65
00:05:26,601 --> 00:05:29,440
le cer s� arate
z�mbitori si combativi...
66
00:05:30,400 --> 00:05:33,200
...unul dintre ei mimeaz� o sinucidere.
67
00:05:36,400 --> 00:05:38,040
Aidoma francezilor,
68
00:05:38,080 --> 00:05:41,000
britanicii folosesc c�sti metalice.
69
00:05:43,171 --> 00:05:45,200
Soldatul canadian Corneloup,
70
00:05:45,240 --> 00:05:49,400
se pl�nge c� e prea grea.
71
00:05:49,440 --> 00:05:51,760
Are peste un kilogram,
dar e mai solid� dec�t cea francez�.
72
00:05:52,400 --> 00:05:54,927
Fiind mai putin bombat�,
73
00:05:54,960 --> 00:05:57,320
poate fi produs�
dintr-o singur� foaie de tabl�.
74
00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:03,280
Cu toate acestea, sunt mai prejos
75
00:06:03,320 --> 00:06:07,880
fat� de casca nemteasc� din otel,
76
00:06:07,920 --> 00:06:11,200
care a ajuns un simbol
al soldatului german.
77
00:06:12,800 --> 00:06:16,440
Forma ei lat� acoper� mai bine capul.
78
00:06:17,520 --> 00:06:19,080
E mai potrivit� pentru noul r�zboi,
79
00:06:20,000 --> 00:06:21,880
cel purtat �n transee.
80
00:06:39,451 --> 00:06:43,520
In canonada artileriei,
locotenentul Ernst Junger scrie:
81
00:06:44,971 --> 00:06:47,720
"E mai usor s� descrii
zgomotul dec�t s� �l suporti."
82
00:06:47,760 --> 00:06:51,040
"Nu poti s� nu te g�ndesti"
83
00:06:51,080 --> 00:06:53,407
"c� fiecare suierat �nseamn� moarte."
84
00:06:54,400 --> 00:06:57,560
In acest r�zboi al artileriilor,
85
00:06:57,600 --> 00:06:59,680
soldatii trebuie s� r�m�n� pe pozitii
86
00:06:59,681 --> 00:07:03,120
chiar si atunci c�nd obuzele
contin gaze de lupt�.
87
00:07:07,200 --> 00:07:08,640
Pe l�ng� c�sti,
88
00:07:08,680 --> 00:07:13,040
soldatii primesc m�sti de gaze,
care s� �i apere de acest nou tip de atac.
89
00:07:16,360 --> 00:07:18,760
Se caut� febril
cea mai periculoas� formul�,
90
00:07:18,800 --> 00:07:22,520
cum ar fi clorul sau iperita,
91
00:07:22,560 --> 00:07:25,240
folosit� �n premier� la Ypres, �n Belgia,
92
00:07:25,241 --> 00:07:27,080
unde a ucis mii de soldati.
93
00:07:29,200 --> 00:07:31,960
Medicul militar,
maiorul Georges Faleur, scrie:
94
00:07:34,200 --> 00:07:37,200
"Oamenii se �nvineteau, se sufocau,"
95
00:07:37,240 --> 00:07:40,400
"le ardeau pieptul si burta."
96
00:07:40,440 --> 00:07:41,800
"Am v�zut multe"
97
00:07:41,801 --> 00:07:43,240
"r�ni sf�rtecate"
98
00:07:43,241 --> 00:07:45,400
"si avalanse de otel,"
99
00:07:45,600 --> 00:07:48,120
"dar sunt fleacuri pe l�ng� ceata"
100
00:07:48,171 --> 00:07:50,400
"ce �ntunec� soarele ceasuri �ntregi,"
101
00:07:50,401 --> 00:07:53,240
"care par secole."
102
00:07:58,600 --> 00:08:04,320
Acesti soldati canadieni, acum orbi,
trebuie dusi de m�n� ca niste copii.
103
00:08:07,200 --> 00:08:10,680
Comitetul International
al Crucii Rosii protesteaz�.
104
00:08:11,400 --> 00:08:15,880
Din 1899, utilizarea gazelor
asfixiante fusese interzis�.
105
00:08:16,640 --> 00:08:21,200
Cu toate acestea, ambele tabere
vor folosi gaze de lupt�.
106
00:08:31,651 --> 00:08:34,600
Armata franceza �si perfectioneaz�
m�surile de protectie:
107
00:08:35,240 --> 00:08:37,360
Vat� �n tractul respirator
108
00:08:37,840 --> 00:08:40,840
si o bucat� de p�nz�
pe care soldatii urinau.
109
00:08:40,920 --> 00:08:43,360
Erau menite s� �i protejeze de clor.
110
00:08:46,240 --> 00:08:48,920
Metoda s-a dovedit ineficient�,
111
00:08:48,960 --> 00:08:53,080
asa c� s-au folosit ochelari
si un tampon gros,
112
00:08:53,120 --> 00:08:55,440
�mbibat cu o substant� chimic�.
113
00:09:01,600 --> 00:09:04,450
La fel erau si cagulele britanice,
114
00:09:04,580 --> 00:09:07,040
prin care era imposibil s� respiri.
115
00:09:09,200 --> 00:09:11,240
S-a renuntat cur�nd la ele.
116
00:09:17,560 --> 00:09:19,120
Francezii au aflat
117
00:09:19,160 --> 00:09:21,400
de la cadavrul unui neamt
118
00:09:21,401 --> 00:09:24,320
c�t de avansat� era
tehnologia inamicului.
119
00:09:26,200 --> 00:09:28,840
In toamna anului 1915, nemtii
120
00:09:28,841 --> 00:09:31,200
foloseau m�sti de gaze "Gummimask".
121
00:09:31,400 --> 00:09:35,080
Erau din cauciuc si aveau
un filtru de c�rbune activ.
122
00:09:35,120 --> 00:09:38,042
Toate armatele le vor copia cur�nd
123
00:09:38,080 --> 00:09:40,049
si le vor utiliza
p�n� la finalul r�zboiului.
124
00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:48,600
Combatantii ambelor tabere tr�iau
125
00:09:48,601 --> 00:09:51,800
cu groaza gazelor de lupt�,
obsedati de mirosul lor.
126
00:09:56,880 --> 00:09:59,200
Un ofiter german
de artilerie spunea:
127
00:09:59,400 --> 00:10:01,920
"Soldatii adulmecau precum ogarii."
128
00:10:04,971 --> 00:10:07,720
Dar, dup� ce se protejau,
r�m�neau pe pozitii.
129
00:10:07,971 --> 00:10:09,880
Linia frontului nu se clinteste.
130
00:10:12,600 --> 00:10:15,000
Germanii ocup� aproape toat� Belgia
131
00:10:15,040 --> 00:10:16,840
si 10 provincii franceze,
132
00:10:16,880 --> 00:10:21,200
inclusiv orasele Lille, Cambrai,
si Saint-Quentin.
133
00:10:23,500 --> 00:10:25,880
Soldatii germani au mai mult� hran�
134
00:10:25,920 --> 00:10:29,040
dec�t cei din Brandenburg si Saxonia.
135
00:10:30,600 --> 00:10:33,560
Confisc� vitele abandonate
de t�ranii fugiti din calea luptelor.
136
00:10:36,800 --> 00:10:39,560
Pun m�na pe iepuri
137
00:10:39,800 --> 00:10:42,920
si pe br�nzeturi.
138
00:10:45,100 --> 00:10:46,240
Cele mai bune case
139
00:10:46,241 --> 00:10:47,880
sunt rezervate pentru stabi,
140
00:10:47,920 --> 00:10:50,280
departe de realit�tile frontului.
141
00:10:51,400 --> 00:10:55,800
Toti beligerantii respect�
clasele sociale.
142
00:10:55,840 --> 00:10:57,760
Boierii stau �n castele,
143
00:10:58,800 --> 00:11:02,080
iar t�ranii, slujbasii
si lacheii se �nghesuie
144
00:11:02,120 --> 00:11:04,040
�n transee.
145
00:11:12,511 --> 00:11:16,280
In tab�ra francez�, excavatoarele
r�scolesc p�m�ntul.
146
00:11:16,320 --> 00:11:18,840
Sap� mai multe transee,
147
00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:22,080
organizate �n trei linii succesive.
148
00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:29,800
In prima linie de transee,
149
00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:32,800
primejdia e cea mai mare.
150
00:11:36,560 --> 00:11:38,880
Inventivitatea omului e nelimitat�
151
00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:42,200
c�nd e vorba de ucidere.
152
00:11:43,400 --> 00:11:46,080
Explozivele sunt aruncate spre inamic
153
00:11:46,400 --> 00:11:49,320
prin orice mijloace:
154
00:11:49,360 --> 00:11:51,080
Pusti care arunc� grenade,
155
00:11:52,400 --> 00:11:54,240
torpile zbur�toare...
156
00:11:55,040 --> 00:11:58,200
...sunt folosite chiar
si arbaletele medievale.
157
00:12:05,120 --> 00:12:06,560
Mai exist� si prastia urias�
158
00:12:06,561 --> 00:12:08,240
a soldatilor britanici.
159
00:12:10,720 --> 00:12:14,440
La fel e si "budinca de prune",
un proiectil ciudat,
160
00:12:14,480 --> 00:12:15,520
periculos pentru servanti
161
00:12:15,521 --> 00:12:17,480
si inamici deopotriv�.
162
00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:35,960
Intre barajele artileriei,
soldatii asteapt�.
163
00:12:38,200 --> 00:12:42,520
Dorm, joac� c�rti, scriu scrisori.
164
00:12:44,400 --> 00:12:47,200
Isi improvizeaz� ad�posturi
165
00:12:47,201 --> 00:13:00,280
si le dau nume sugestive.
166
00:13:03,640 --> 00:13:08,720
Acesta se numeste
"Cas�, amar� cas�".
167
00:13:11,800 --> 00:13:14,200
Duhoarea e coplesitoare.
168
00:13:14,280 --> 00:13:16,680
Soldatul Albert Thierry scrie:
169
00:13:16,720 --> 00:13:19,280
"Nimeni nu se spal�
si nu se piapt�n�."
170
00:13:19,320 --> 00:13:22,160
"Niciodat� n-am purtat
aceleasi haine at�ta vreme."
171
00:13:29,200 --> 00:13:32,280
Noaptea, soldatii coboar�
�n ad�posturile subterane.
172
00:13:33,200 --> 00:13:34,840
Unul �si construieste o cusc�,
173
00:13:35,800 --> 00:13:37,600
care s� �l apere de sobolani.
174
00:13:39,600 --> 00:13:41,000
Sergentul Bec scrie:
175
00:13:42,200 --> 00:13:43,800
"Unul a fost muscat de ureche,"
176
00:13:43,801 --> 00:13:45,200
"altul de nas."
177
00:13:45,240 --> 00:13:46,440
"C�nd ne culc�m,"
178
00:13:46,441 --> 00:13:48,600
"sobolanii zburd� pe noi
ca pisicile."
179
00:13:48,640 --> 00:13:51,960
"Rod tot ce avem:
ciocolat�, camembert,"
180
00:13:51,961 --> 00:13:54,200
"chiar si paturile pustilor."
181
00:13:54,240 --> 00:13:56,720
"Soldatii �i v�neaz� cum pot."
182
00:13:56,800 --> 00:13:59,520
"Intr-un ad�post,
au omor�t 17,"
183
00:13:59,521 --> 00:14:02,480
"Erau c�t iepurii mici."
184
00:14:03,720 --> 00:14:05,880
Sobolanii au purici.
185
00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:08,960
P�duchii sunt o pacoste
�n toate transeele.
186
00:14:13,200 --> 00:14:15,200
Dar, pentru soldatii de pe front,
187
00:14:15,240 --> 00:14:17,480
conditiile insalubre
188
00:14:17,481 --> 00:14:19,840
si bolile care le dau t�rcoale
189
00:14:19,880 --> 00:14:22,800
nu se compar� cu groz�via
atacului la baionet�.
190
00:14:26,891 --> 00:14:29,040
Abia dup� o s�pt�m�n� �n linia �nt�i
191
00:14:29,080 --> 00:14:31,960
sunt �nlocuiti de trupe
din a doua linie, de sprijin.
192
00:14:42,400 --> 00:14:44,640
Dup� un atac,
193
00:14:44,780 --> 00:14:47,480
supravietuitorii din linia �nt�i
194
00:14:47,581 --> 00:14:50,000
duc r�nitii prin santuri �nguste
195
00:14:50,140 --> 00:14:53,600
c�tre a treia linie, de rezerv�
196
00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:56,000
amplasat� �n orasele abandonate.
197
00:14:57,600 --> 00:15:00,800
Au nevoie de timp
pentru a-si trage r�suflarea.
198
00:15:04,960 --> 00:15:07,200
Fruntasul Tanty scrie:
199
00:15:08,000 --> 00:15:10,640
"Citim scrisorile nemtilor captivi."
200
00:15:10,800 --> 00:15:12,600
"Descriu aceleasi lucruri:"
201
00:15:12,640 --> 00:15:15,280
"Suferint�, dezn�dejde,"
202
00:15:15,281 --> 00:15:18,480
"prostia cras� a acestei situatii."
203
00:15:18,520 --> 00:15:21,040
"Nemtii sufer� exact ca noi."
204
00:15:22,080 --> 00:15:24,680
"Sunt la fel ca noi."
205
00:15:24,720 --> 00:15:27,400
"Trecem prin aceleasi greut�ti."
206
00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:36,480
Linia de rezerv� le permite
francezilor abrutizati,
207
00:15:36,481 --> 00:15:38,840
"brutelor p�roase", s� se spele
208
00:15:38,880 --> 00:15:41,840
si s� se simt� iar�si oameni.
209
00:15:46,640 --> 00:15:48,920
Fruntasul Tanty scrie:
210
00:15:49,600 --> 00:15:52,240
"Bruta p�roas�" e pe jum�tate om
211
00:15:52,241 --> 00:15:53,760
"pe jum�tate cimpanzeu."
212
00:15:53,800 --> 00:15:56,000
"E noua specie a secolului XX."
213
00:15:57,040 --> 00:16:00,240
"Bruta p�roas�" e monstrul
involutiei civilizatiei.
214
00:16:00,280 --> 00:16:03,400
"Are o singur� tr�s�tur� uman�,
capacitatea de a suferi."
215
00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:09,840
Soldatul Georges-Ulric Francoeur,
216
00:16:09,841 --> 00:16:11,760
din Montreal, scrie:
217
00:16:13,400 --> 00:16:15,600
"M� feresc s� m�n�nc
carne de vit� conservat�."
218
00:16:15,640 --> 00:16:18,000
"Vreau doar s� m� �nc�lzesc."
219
00:16:18,040 --> 00:16:21,040
"Suntem uzi p�n� la piele,
totul e mereu umed �mprejur."
220
00:16:21,081 --> 00:16:25,000
"Am r�mas f�r� tutun,
�mi fumez cartea de rug�ciuni."
221
00:16:38,600 --> 00:16:40,600
Octombrie 1915.
222
00:16:40,640 --> 00:16:43,200
Situatia r�m�ne blocat�
�n Est.
223
00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:48,000
�n Balcani, germanii,
austriecii si bulgarii
224
00:16:48,040 --> 00:16:51,320
invadeaz� Serbia, �ntr-o lun�.
225
00:16:53,531 --> 00:16:57,040
Armatele franco-britanice
au deschis un nou front �n Salonic,
226
00:16:57,080 --> 00:16:59,280
pentru a ajuta s�rbii,
227
00:16:59,320 --> 00:17:03,400
si s� conduc� Grecia
�n r�zboi al�turi de ei.
228
00:17:06,120 --> 00:17:08,800
�n dimineata zilei
de 12 octombrie 1915
229
00:17:09,320 --> 00:17:12,440
sergentul Potard se afla
la bordul unei nave franceze.
230
00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:15,720
El scrie:
231
00:17:16,880 --> 00:17:18,640
"Eu, care am venit
de pe frontul din Alsacia,
232
00:17:18,680 --> 00:17:21,000
"�nc� p�tat de s�ngele
camarazilor mei ..."
233
00:17:21,040 --> 00:17:24,760
"am ajuns �ntr-o locatie necunoscut�."
234
00:17:29,400 --> 00:17:31,600
"Aici am descoperit Salonicul."
235
00:17:31,640 --> 00:17:33,600
"Mi-a f�cut o impresie
pur si simplu minunat�."
236
00:17:33,601 --> 00:17:35,680
"Sub lumina aurie
a Orientului,"
237
00:17:35,720 --> 00:17:37,760
"orasul se extinde,
tot �n alb,"
238
00:17:37,800 --> 00:17:39,480
"cu turnuri si moscheie"
239
00:17:39,481 --> 00:17:41,600
"cupolele si bisericile lui."
240
00:17:46,800 --> 00:17:49,480
"Dar am avut o surpriz�
c�nd am sosit la t�rm."
241
00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:51,960
"Pe docuri roiesc oameni...
242
00:17:51,961 --> 00:17:53,800
"...din toate popoarele,
si toate limbile."
243
00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:56,000
"Pretutindeni
sunt fete devastate...
244
00:17:56,001 --> 00:17:59,000
"... de icter si variol�. "
245
00:18:08,440 --> 00:18:09,840
Bolile vor decima...
246
00:18:09,841 --> 00:18:11,200
...500.000 de b�rbati concentrati
247
00:18:11,201 --> 00:18:12,720
�n jurul Salonicului.
248
00:18:12,760 --> 00:18:15,880
Este o enclav� de 300 km p�trati
din teritoriul elen,
249
00:18:15,920 --> 00:18:18,800
protejat de un cordon
de artilerie.
250
00:18:22,400 --> 00:18:24,920
Pe atunci a fost
numit� "Armata Orientului".
251
00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:29,600
Era un amalgam
de britanici, francezi,
252
00:18:31,840 --> 00:18:33,240
s�rbi,
253
00:18:35,200 --> 00:18:36,800
muntenegreni,
254
00:18:37,800 --> 00:18:39,280
italieni,
255
00:18:40,280 --> 00:18:42,040
rusi,
256
00:18:42,880 --> 00:18:46,600
Annamite sau Tonkinese
din Indochina,
257
00:18:46,601 --> 00:18:48,600
o colonie francez�.
258
00:18:59,240 --> 00:19:01,960
Toti vor fi dusi
�ntr-un r�zboi de ambuscad�,
259
00:19:01,961 --> 00:19:04,200
�mpotriva bulgarilor, mai agresiv
dec�t si-au imaginat,
260
00:19:04,240 --> 00:19:05,560
la 40� la umbr�...
261
00:19:05,561 --> 00:19:08,240
...si �n mlastini infestate
de muste si t�ntari,
262
00:19:08,280 --> 00:19:09,680
unde numai malaria...
263
00:19:09,681 --> 00:19:11,640
...va provoca 6.000 de morti.
264
00:19:28,600 --> 00:19:30,880
Aceast� armat�
este un nou front ...
265
00:19:30,881 --> 00:19:32,880
care nu va lupta imediat,
266
00:19:32,881 --> 00:19:35,200
dar foloseste soldatii
care ar fi fost mai utili...
267
00:19:35,201 --> 00:19:37,440
�n transee,
�n Nordul Frantei.
268
00:19:43,480 --> 00:19:46,200
Un jurnalist german
scrie ironic:
269
00:19:46,400 --> 00:19:48,400
"Aliatii s-au blocat
ei �nsisi..."
270
00:19:48,401 --> 00:19:51,280
"�n cel mai mare lag�r
de concentrare din lume."
271
00:20:00,600 --> 00:20:03,640
La Londra, regele George al V-lea
este preocupat...
272
00:20:03,641 --> 00:20:05,400
...de tentatia guvernului s�u,
273
00:20:05,401 --> 00:20:06,840
de a se retrage din Salonic
274
00:20:06,841 --> 00:20:10,000
si de soarta soldatilor s�i
de pe toate fronturile.
275
00:20:13,040 --> 00:20:14,400
El spune:
276
00:20:14,571 --> 00:20:17,240
"Nu este �n puterea mea
s� �mp�rt�sesc calvarul,"
277
00:20:17,800 --> 00:20:20,800
"dar eu sunt cu voi,
cu fiecare or� care trece. "
278
00:20:23,400 --> 00:20:25,840
Regele George al V-lea,
la fel ca toti liderii,
279
00:20:25,841 --> 00:20:28,200
ar trebui s� g�seasc� o solutie
pentru a opri masacrul.
280
00:20:30,400 --> 00:20:32,680
5 milioane de oameni
sunt deja morti
281
00:20:32,681 --> 00:20:34,800
dupa 16 luni de r�zboi.
282
00:20:35,280 --> 00:20:37,200
Dar nimeni nu vrea s� se opreasc�.
283
00:20:38,600 --> 00:20:42,040
Chiar si v�duvele, de multe ori,
vor s� se r�zbune.
284
00:20:42,120 --> 00:20:45,000
Iar pentru toti liderii,
costul uman si material...
285
00:20:45,001 --> 00:20:48,240
...este at�t de mare �nc�t este necesar
s� pl�teasc� inamicul...
286
00:20:48,241 --> 00:20:50,600
si ca r�zboiul s� continue.
287
00:20:54,600 --> 00:20:56,600
La 6 decembrie 1915,
288
00:20:56,640 --> 00:20:59,120
liderii militari
si politici ai Frantei,
289
00:20:59,121 --> 00:21:01,560
Marii Britanii, Belgiei,
Rusiei si Italiei
290
00:21:01,561 --> 00:21:04,800
se �nt�lnesc la Chantilly,
l�ng� Paris.
291
00:21:08,400 --> 00:21:11,320
S-au �nteles ca armatele lor
s� colaboreze mai mult,
292
00:21:11,321 --> 00:21:13,880
s� nu-si epuizeze resursele
�n atacuri separate
293
00:21:13,881 --> 00:21:16,800
si s� organizeze o ofensiv�
anglo-francez�
294
00:21:16,801 --> 00:21:18,920
�n vara lui 1916.
295
00:21:20,200 --> 00:21:22,400
Ofensiva avea s� porneasc�
de pe pozitiile
296
00:21:22,401 --> 00:21:24,600
britanice si franceze
de pe r�ul Somme.
297
00:21:27,200 --> 00:21:29,560
Ins� nemtii le-au luat-o �nainte.
298
00:21:29,561 --> 00:21:34,500
Au lansat propria ofensiv�
asupra Verdunului.
299
00:21:36,720 --> 00:21:39,400
Orasul Verdun, e punct de trecere
peste r�ul Meuse,
300
00:21:39,440 --> 00:21:42,400
�ns� francezii �l consider�
un sector linistit.
301
00:21:46,000 --> 00:21:48,000
Au trimis tunurile fortului
302
00:21:48,001 --> 00:21:50,360
�n focarul luptelor de pe front.
303
00:21:50,400 --> 00:21:53,280
Efectul garnizoanei e minim.
304
00:21:55,280 --> 00:21:57,800
Cu toate acestea,
nemtii sunt doar la 20 de km.
305
00:22:03,240 --> 00:22:05,320
La �nceputul lui februarie 1916,
306
00:22:05,440 --> 00:22:07,280
nemtii maseaz� trupe si artilerie
307
00:22:07,281 --> 00:22:09,880
pentru o b�t�lie decisiv�.
308
00:22:13,920 --> 00:22:16,160
Cameramanii germani �l filmeaz�
309
00:22:16,161 --> 00:22:18,400
pe kaizerul Wilhelm al II-lea,
310
00:22:18,401 --> 00:22:21,560
venit s�-si �ncurajeze urmasul.
311
00:22:21,561 --> 00:22:24,080
Printul conduce o armat�
312
00:22:24,120 --> 00:22:26,400
de 150.000 de oameni.
313
00:22:26,600 --> 00:22:29,520
Planul e s� captureze Verdunul
314
00:22:29,521 --> 00:22:31,200
si s� deschid� calea spre Paris.
315
00:22:31,201 --> 00:22:33,680
Dac� francezii vor r�m�ne pe pozitii,
316
00:22:33,681 --> 00:22:36,880
armata german� �i va decima.
317
00:22:50,200 --> 00:22:53,640
La ora 7:15, �n dimineata
zilei de 21 februarie 1916,
318
00:22:53,680 --> 00:22:57,200
printul declanseaz�
operatiunea "Gericht",
319
00:22:57,600 --> 00:22:59,200
"Judecata".
320
00:23:12,120 --> 00:23:13,600
In c�teva ore,
321
00:23:14,200 --> 00:23:16,400
un milion de obuze
322
00:23:16,401 --> 00:23:18,440
bombardeaz� pozitiile franceze.
323
00:23:27,080 --> 00:23:29,440
La 150 km dep�rtare,
324
00:23:29,441 --> 00:23:30,441
trupele din Vosgi,
325
00:23:30,442 --> 00:23:32,400
aud exploziile.
326
00:23:37,931 --> 00:23:39,600
In atacul de la Verdun,
327
00:23:39,680 --> 00:23:42,480
nemtii folosesc o arm� teribil�,
328
00:23:42,600 --> 00:23:44,000
arunc�torul de fl�c�ri.
329
00:23:50,651 --> 00:23:53,640
Str�pung liniile franceze
330
00:23:53,801 --> 00:23:56,640
si intr�-n p�durea Caures.
331
00:23:59,251 --> 00:24:01,760
Aici �nt�lnesc o rezistent� neasteptat�
332
00:24:01,761 --> 00:24:03,261
a soldatilor francezi
333
00:24:03,262 --> 00:24:05,440
care sc�paser� de barajul de artilerie.
334
00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:28,720
Sacrificiul colonelului Driant
335
00:24:28,760 --> 00:24:32,200
�l �ncetineste pe print,
dar el r�m�ne �ncrez�tor
336
00:24:32,240 --> 00:24:34,600
si le multumeste trupelor de asalt.
337
00:24:39,360 --> 00:24:41,400
Zguduiti, generalii francezi
338
00:24:41,401 --> 00:24:43,600
decid s� apere Verdunul
p�n� la cap�t.
339
00:24:44,400 --> 00:24:46,040
E numit un nou comandant,
340
00:24:46,600 --> 00:24:51,800
generalul Philippe P�tain,
neimplicat p�n� atunci.
341
00:24:52,431 --> 00:24:54,200
Generalul de 60 de ani se opune
342
00:24:54,201 --> 00:24:55,960
ofensivei cu orice pret
343
00:24:56,600 --> 00:24:59,960
si pune la punct
o strategie defensiv�.
344
00:25:01,800 --> 00:25:05,600
El le ordon� soldatilor
s� sape ad�posturi si s� reziste.
345
00:25:05,680 --> 00:25:07,440
Francezii opresc ofensiva german�.
346
00:25:08,800 --> 00:25:11,040
C�mpul de lupt� devine abator.
347
00:25:16,400 --> 00:25:17,680
Supravietuitor la Verdun,
348
00:25:17,681 --> 00:25:19,760
si laureat Nobel pentru literatur�,
349
00:25:20,600 --> 00:25:23,400
Jean Giono scrie:
350
00:25:24,251 --> 00:25:26,120
"Suntem nou� �n groap�."
351
00:25:26,400 --> 00:25:28,760
"Nimic nu ne va scoate de aici."
352
00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:32,280
"Dar am m�ncat
si trebuie s� ne usur�m."
353
00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:35,280
"Primul pe care �l trec nevoile
se cat�r� afar�."
354
00:25:36,000 --> 00:25:40,000
"De dou� zile e acolo, la trei metri,
ucis cu n�dragii �n vine."
355
00:25:40,800 --> 00:25:43,520
"Ne usur�m pe h�rtie
si arunc�m rahatul afar�."
356
00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:49,200
"C�nd r�m�nem f�r� h�rtie,
ne usur�m �n ranite."
357
00:25:49,600 --> 00:25:51,800
"B�t�lia de la Verdun continu�."
358
00:25:52,480 --> 00:25:54,200
"Ne usur�m �n palme."
359
00:25:54,400 --> 00:25:56,640
"Dizenteria curge printre degete."
360
00:25:56,680 --> 00:25:59,800
"Ne usur�m cu s�nge,
chiar acolo unde st�m �ntinsi."
361
00:26:00,400 --> 00:26:02,840
"Ne arde setea,"
362
00:26:02,880 --> 00:26:05,400
"asa c� ne bem propria urin�."
363
00:26:06,520 --> 00:26:09,360
"R�m�nem pe
c�mpul de lupt�,"
364
00:26:09,480 --> 00:26:12,560
"fiindc� nu ne las� s� plec�m."
365
00:26:31,731 --> 00:26:33,880
Doi sublocotenenti,
Herduin si Milan,
366
00:26:33,920 --> 00:26:36,000
sunt executati pentru dezertare.
367
00:26:36,880 --> 00:26:38,520
Se retr�seser� dup� bresa nemtilor
368
00:26:38,521 --> 00:26:40,800
�n liniile franceze.
369
00:26:44,600 --> 00:26:47,640
Dup� uciderea at�tora,
efectivele sunt insuficiente.
370
00:26:51,931 --> 00:26:54,440
Comandantii ordon� rotatia trupelor,
371
00:26:54,480 --> 00:26:56,280
ca aproape toate regimentele
372
00:26:56,281 --> 00:26:59,440
franceze s� aib� parte de acest iad.
373
00:27:01,131 --> 00:27:03,520
Afluxul de oameni e sprijinit
374
00:27:03,521 --> 00:27:05,640
de un urias efort industrial.
375
00:27:05,641 --> 00:27:08,040
Nenum�rate camioane
376
00:27:09,800 --> 00:27:11,520
si o cale ferat� special�
377
00:27:11,521 --> 00:27:14,400
transport� cele 2000 de tone de munitie
378
00:27:14,401 --> 00:27:16,800
pentru ap�rarea zilnic� a Verdunului.
379
00:27:18,400 --> 00:27:21,240
Francezii si germanii,
pe durata b�t�liei
380
00:27:21,280 --> 00:27:24,140
trag 300 de mii de obuze pe zi,
381
00:27:24,280 --> 00:27:27,840
peste 20 de milioane de obuze
�n �ntreaga lupt�.
382
00:27:32,440 --> 00:27:35,080
Cum vor fi hr�niti
milioanele de soldati?
383
00:27:38,800 --> 00:27:42,520
Generalii sunt de p�rere
c� le trebuie mult� carne.
384
00:27:43,680 --> 00:27:46,800
Soldatii m�n�nc� mai mult
dec�t civilii din spatele frontului.
385
00:27:50,451 --> 00:27:53,000
M�celarii armatei taie
386
00:27:53,101 --> 00:27:55,400
caii r�niti �n timpul luptelor.
387
00:28:00,171 --> 00:28:02,080
In b�t�lia de la Verdun,
388
00:28:02,120 --> 00:28:05,520
�ntr-o zi mor 7000 de cai.
389
00:28:10,400 --> 00:28:12,400
Alimentele ajung pe front
390
00:28:12,401 --> 00:28:14,760
cu eforturi enorme.
391
00:28:15,971 --> 00:28:18,240
Si cu mult curaj.
392
00:28:24,171 --> 00:28:26,240
Puscasii de elit� ai ambelor tabere
393
00:28:26,241 --> 00:28:28,640
iau �n c�tare convoaiele.
394
00:28:55,371 --> 00:28:57,640
In transee nu exist� ap� potabil�.
395
00:28:57,680 --> 00:28:59,800
Soldatul Pottecher, scrie:
396
00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:01,560
"Murim de sete."
397
00:29:01,680 --> 00:29:03,560
"dar beau zilnic mai mult rachiu,"
398
00:29:03,561 --> 00:29:05,240
"dec�t am b�ut toat� viata."
399
00:29:07,720 --> 00:29:10,720
Rachiul sau romul �i �ntremeaz�
pe soldati �naintea atacului.
400
00:29:14,200 --> 00:29:15,440
Pentru a face fat� ororilor,
401
00:29:15,441 --> 00:29:18,600
posirca e la discretie,
402
00:29:18,640 --> 00:29:20,800
bine distribuit�.
403
00:29:24,400 --> 00:29:26,640
Soldatul Auque scrie:
404
00:29:28,040 --> 00:29:30,720
"Dup� un pahar de posirc� �n plus,
�ncep s� c�nte,"
405
00:29:31,720 --> 00:29:33,520
"pentru a risipi tristetea"
406
00:29:33,521 --> 00:29:36,120
"care �i roade
ca un animal nev�zut."
407
00:29:54,400 --> 00:29:57,080
Si germanii au nevoie de consolare.
408
00:30:01,520 --> 00:30:04,080
O g�sesc �n "snaps",
409
00:30:05,160 --> 00:30:08,280
�n camaraderie si �n religie.
410
00:30:14,051 --> 00:30:17,600
Conditiile de viat� sunt identice
cu ale adversarilor lor.
411
00:30:20,000 --> 00:30:21,520
Caporalul Karl Fritz,
412
00:30:21,521 --> 00:30:24,400
din Batalionul 10 V�n�tori, scrie:
413
00:30:25,800 --> 00:30:27,360
"Am stat trei zile"
414
00:30:27,361 --> 00:30:28,800
"�n cratere de obuze,"
415
00:30:29,040 --> 00:30:33,200
"privind Moartea �n ochi,
astept�ndu-ne s� ne ia oric�nd."
416
00:30:35,560 --> 00:30:37,800
Un obuz �ngroap� mortii,
417
00:30:38,600 --> 00:30:40,680
urm�torul �i dezgroap� iar�si.
418
00:30:49,440 --> 00:30:52,640
La Verdun, �n friguroasa
lun� martie din 1916,
419
00:30:52,641 --> 00:30:55,320
doar aviatorii au sc�pat de transee.
420
00:30:55,321 --> 00:30:58,640
Pilotii kaizerului domin� v�zduhul.
421
00:30:59,800 --> 00:31:02,440
In aeroplanele de p�nz� si lemn,
422
00:31:02,441 --> 00:31:04,400
ei se cred cavaleri moderni.
423
00:31:04,440 --> 00:31:07,840
Unul dintre ei e Hermann Goering.
424
00:31:08,800 --> 00:31:11,000
Are 23 de ani,
este agresiv si ambitios.
425
00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:12,960
Trece pe r�boj victoriile
426
00:31:13,000 --> 00:31:15,960
si devine ucigas nemilos.
427
00:31:21,200 --> 00:31:24,040
Dar, �n realitate, pilotii au parte
428
00:31:24,080 --> 00:31:26,200
de primejdii ca ale infanteristilor.
429
00:31:32,160 --> 00:31:34,440
F�r� centuri de sigurant�
si f�r� parasute,
430
00:31:36,491 --> 00:31:39,200
germanii zboar� peste
liniile franceze de la Verdun
431
00:31:39,240 --> 00:31:40,800
si fotografiaz� pozitiile inamice
432
00:31:40,840 --> 00:31:42,880
sau arunc� bombe asupra lor,
433
00:31:44,600 --> 00:31:47,840
cu conditia s� treac�
de aeroplanele frantuzesti.
434
00:31:58,400 --> 00:32:00,520
Germanii doboar� si baloanele
435
00:32:00,521 --> 00:32:02,400
observatorilor de artilerie.
436
00:32:07,040 --> 00:32:08,880
E nevoie de mult curaj
437
00:32:08,881 --> 00:32:10,440
pentru a urca �n aceste baloane,
438
00:32:11,200 --> 00:32:13,320
dar misiunea lor e vital�.
439
00:32:13,920 --> 00:32:17,000
Legati de sol prin cablu de telefon,
ofiterii dirijeaz� focul artileriei.
440
00:32:18,801 --> 00:32:21,000
Ap�rarea lor e prioritar�.
441
00:32:22,200 --> 00:32:25,000
Generalul Petain a dat ordin:
442
00:32:25,600 --> 00:32:28,440
"Observati toti germanii din aer"
443
00:32:31,480 --> 00:32:35,160
Odat� cu aparitia
armamentului antiaerian,
444
00:32:35,200 --> 00:32:38,160
cu producerea unor
aeroplane mai rapide
445
00:32:39,800 --> 00:32:43,600
si cu aparitia escadrilelor
de piloti tineri si ne�nfricati,
446
00:32:43,601 --> 00:32:47,440
�n numai trei luni, Franta recap�t�
suprematia aerian� la Verdun.
447
00:32:51,400 --> 00:32:53,200
Dupa 5 victorii aeriene,
448
00:32:53,240 --> 00:32:55,800
pilotii devin "asi" ai aerului.
449
00:32:55,880 --> 00:32:56,920
Ajung faimosi,
450
00:32:56,921 --> 00:33:00,480
ca sublocotenentul
Georges Guynemer, de 21 de ani,
451
00:33:00,481 --> 00:33:04,040
care fusese respins la recrutare
�n 1914, fiind sl�b�nog.
452
00:33:04,041 --> 00:33:07,280
Acum a devenit portdrapel
453
00:33:07,281 --> 00:33:10,120
si erou national, decorat
cu Legiunea de Onoare,
454
00:33:10,121 --> 00:33:12,720
un model de devotament pentru tar�.
455
00:33:28,411 --> 00:33:30,160
R�zboiul aerian
456
00:33:30,161 --> 00:33:33,240
e la fel de brutal
precum cel din transee.
457
00:33:33,940 --> 00:33:36,520
Se sf�rseste adesea �n acelasi noroi.
458
00:33:42,600 --> 00:33:45,760
In aprilie 1916,
459
00:33:46,400 --> 00:33:48,840
p�m�ntul r�scolit de la Verdun,
460
00:33:48,880 --> 00:33:50,520
devine mocirl� impracticabil�.
461
00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:03,200
Ins� armata tine
s� �si demonstreze hot�r�rea.
462
00:34:06,651 --> 00:34:08,160
Dup� un contraatac francez,
463
00:34:08,161 --> 00:34:09,680
soldat cu un avans de c�tiva metri,
464
00:34:09,681 --> 00:34:12,720
un cameraman filmeaz�
alt cameraman,
465
00:34:12,721 --> 00:34:17,200
ce surprinde un infanterist
care �ntinde s�rm� ghimpat�.
466
00:34:21,971 --> 00:34:24,560
�n calitate de lupt�tori
ei o numesc "tara nim�nui".
467
00:34:24,600 --> 00:34:25,720
"Teren nelocuit".
468
00:34:26,520 --> 00:34:28,680
�n zona-tampon dintre transee,
469
00:34:28,720 --> 00:34:30,680
�n aceeasi noapte,
470
00:34:30,681 --> 00:34:32,240
inamicul taie s�rma ghimpat�.
471
00:34:40,400 --> 00:34:43,000
La Verdun, timp de 300 de zile
si 300 de nopti,
472
00:34:43,001 --> 00:34:46,360
nemtii atac� si soldatii
Atlantei �i resping.
473
00:34:58,720 --> 00:35:01,280
Dar exist� si povesti misc�toare.
474
00:35:02,400 --> 00:35:04,760
C�nd �ntreaga lui companie e gazat�,
475
00:35:04,800 --> 00:35:07,880
caporalul Pierre Weber,
cu pl�m�nii arsi,
476
00:35:07,920 --> 00:35:09,800
e dus pe brate de camarazii s�i
r�niti mai usor.
477
00:35:13,200 --> 00:35:15,844
Intr-un spital mare, departe de front,
478
00:35:15,845 --> 00:35:17,800
Pierre Weber e �ngrijit
de infirmiera Charlotte.
479
00:35:17,801 --> 00:35:19,840
Se �ndr�gostesc.
480
00:35:27,600 --> 00:35:30,600
Cap�t� �nvoire s� se refac�
la L'Etang-la-Ville, l�ng� Paris,
481
00:35:30,701 --> 00:35:32,300
si o ia cu el pe Charlotte.
482
00:35:32,720 --> 00:35:34,480
Sunt �n gr�dina de roze
483
00:35:34,481 --> 00:35:35,720
a surorii lui, Jacqueline,
484
00:35:35,721 --> 00:35:40,240
m�ritat� cu Ren� Ferrari,
pionier al filmelor de familie.
485
00:35:49,560 --> 00:35:53,760
La 40 de ani,
trecut de v�rsta �ncorpor�rii,
486
00:35:53,761 --> 00:35:55,560
Ren� Ferrari e repartizat
la serviciile medicale
487
00:35:55,561 --> 00:35:58,240
si are voie s� doarm� acas�.
488
00:36:00,551 --> 00:36:02,320
Multi ca el �si slujesc
patria acas�,
489
00:36:02,321 --> 00:36:05,240
�n fabrici si birouri.
490
00:36:05,241 --> 00:36:06,600
Soldatii veniti �n permisie
491
00:36:06,601 --> 00:36:09,400
�i privesc cu invidie si am�r�ciune.
492
00:36:12,800 --> 00:36:15,720
Charlotte, ca mii de alte femei,
493
00:36:15,721 --> 00:36:18,000
�i e devotat� invalidului ei chipes.
494
00:36:18,001 --> 00:36:19,760
Dar are de ales?
495
00:36:19,761 --> 00:36:22,200
B�rbatii s-au �mputinat deja.
496
00:36:23,760 --> 00:36:26,200
Femeile nu vor s� fie fete b�tr�ne.
497
00:36:26,240 --> 00:36:29,680
E mai r�u dec�t s� fie v�duve tinere.
498
00:36:35,600 --> 00:36:38,880
In Anglia,
multe se m�rit� �n grab�,
499
00:36:38,881 --> 00:36:41,280
�nainte ca mirele s� plece pe front.
500
00:36:47,800 --> 00:36:51,120
Va primi solda dup� moartea lui.
501
00:36:52,400 --> 00:36:55,920
Toti simt c� abia acum
urmeaz� ce e mai r�u.
502
00:37:02,600 --> 00:37:05,080
O vast� campanie �n Regatul Unit,
503
00:37:05,081 --> 00:37:08,800
aduce tot mai multi recruti.
504
00:37:14,680 --> 00:37:17,600
Tati si fii, veri si vecini
505
00:37:17,601 --> 00:37:19,160
se �nroleaz� adesea �mpreun�.
506
00:37:19,200 --> 00:37:22,040
Dar acesti voluntari patrioti
507
00:37:22,180 --> 00:37:25,040
nu ajung pentru marile ofensive.
508
00:37:28,120 --> 00:37:31,440
Inrolarea voluntar� e �nlocuit�
cu recrutarea obligatorie.
509
00:37:31,480 --> 00:37:33,360
Francezii si canadienii,
510
00:37:33,361 --> 00:37:35,800
r�spund f�r� tragere de inim�
la voluntariat.
511
00:37:35,840 --> 00:37:39,280
Ei nu sunt primiti cu c�ldur�
�n Anglia.
512
00:37:41,600 --> 00:37:43,960
Uniti �ntr-o credint� catolic�
de nezdruncinat,
513
00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:47,720
sunt ne�ncrez�tori �n Franta,
care i-au judecat ca anticlerici.
514
00:37:48,400 --> 00:37:51,800
Dar, capelanii lor
le cer si ei pleac�.
515
00:38:00,000 --> 00:38:01,600
Au sosit �n Franta,
516
00:38:01,601 --> 00:38:05,200
si sunt reuniti �ntr-o singur� unitate
�n �ntregime francofon�.
517
00:38:06,400 --> 00:38:08,880
Batalionul 22
infanterie regal�
518
00:38:08,920 --> 00:38:10,920
este instalat pe frontul de pe Somme,
519
00:38:10,921 --> 00:38:13,520
la �nceputul verii anului 1916.
520
00:38:17,200 --> 00:38:18,800
Ei r�m�n pl�cut surprinsi...
521
00:38:18,801 --> 00:38:21,360
...de primirea c�lduroas�
francez� si de francezi,
522
00:38:21,361 --> 00:38:24,960
care vorbesc aproximativ
aceeasi limb� ca si ei.
523
00:38:26,000 --> 00:38:28,360
�n batalionul 22,
524
00:38:28,400 --> 00:38:30,840
�douard L�gar� din Quebec spune:
525
00:38:31,080 --> 00:38:32,520
"Pentru a stabili
o conversatie cu o fat�"
526
00:38:32,521 --> 00:38:35,560
"cea mai bun� glum�
a fost de a �ntreba:"
527
00:38:35,600 --> 00:38:39,160
"Scuzati-m�, domnisoar�,
care este drumul spre Berlin? "
528
00:38:46,611 --> 00:38:49,560
Pentru presedintele francez,
Raymond Poincar�,
529
00:38:49,600 --> 00:38:51,480
si regele britanic,
George al-V-lea,
530
00:38:51,481 --> 00:38:55,360
ofensiva de pe Somme,
hot�r�t� �n decembrie 1915,
531
00:38:55,361 --> 00:38:58,800
va crea o bres� �n liniile germane
si va deschide calea c�tre Berlin.
532
00:39:04,520 --> 00:39:07,400
Ins� generalul Joffre,
comandantul armatei franceze,
533
00:39:07,440 --> 00:39:09,560
sustine �nlocuirea unit�tilor
534
00:39:09,561 --> 00:39:11,400
aflate �n transeele de la Verdun.
535
00:39:11,440 --> 00:39:13,800
Cei de acolo au avut pierderi imense:
536
00:39:14,200 --> 00:39:16,520
40.000 de morti �n sase luni.
537
00:39:17,400 --> 00:39:20,120
Generalul francez Foch,
538
00:39:20,160 --> 00:39:22,800
si generalul britanic Haig,
539
00:39:22,840 --> 00:39:25,320
vor avea onoarea s� comande
540
00:39:25,400 --> 00:39:28,400
ofensiva care s� �ncheie r�zboiul.
541
00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:32,000
Arat� cu m�ndrie
c�t sunt de �ncrez�tori.
542
00:39:34,800 --> 00:39:36,600
Britanicii sunt la nord de Albert,
543
00:39:36,601 --> 00:39:39,800
iar francezii sunt la sud.
544
00:39:39,960 --> 00:39:43,000
Au misiunea s� ocupe
545
00:39:44,641 --> 00:39:45,760
orasele P�ronne si Bapaume,
546
00:39:45,761 --> 00:39:48,520
str�pung�nd transeele germane
pe un front de 50 km.
547
00:39:50,800 --> 00:39:52,400
Planul e cam acelasi:
548
00:39:52,401 --> 00:39:54,640
bombardarea pozitiilor germane,
549
00:39:54,641 --> 00:39:57,400
�nainte de atacul infanteriei.
550
00:40:06,360 --> 00:40:08,560
Efectivele de atac sunt coplesitoare:
551
00:40:08,600 --> 00:40:11,600
40 de divizii,
aproape 600.000 de soldati
552
00:40:11,640 --> 00:40:14,240
si 4.000 de piese de artilerie.
553
00:40:17,800 --> 00:40:20,400
Locotenentul John Buchan scrie:
554
00:40:20,401 --> 00:40:23,000
"Pretutindeni m�rs�luiau soldati."
555
00:40:23,001 --> 00:40:25,600
"Munitia adus� pe linia de tragere"
556
00:40:25,762 --> 00:40:28,280
"prevestea ce avea s� se �nt�mple."
557
00:40:43,040 --> 00:40:45,040
John Buchan adaug�:
558
00:40:46,400 --> 00:40:49,320
"Peste tot vedeai o bucurie stranie."
559
00:40:49,360 --> 00:40:51,680
"Pentru soldati, marea ofensiv�,"
560
00:40:51,681 --> 00:40:54,080
"venise �n sf�rsit."
561
00:40:55,200 --> 00:40:57,480
Dar tinerii recruti care z�mbesc
562
00:40:57,481 --> 00:40:59,800
primiser� o instructie minim�.
563
00:41:00,400 --> 00:41:02,600
Aceasta va fi prima lor b�t�lie.
564
00:41:04,200 --> 00:41:07,200
Britanicii se bazeaz� pe mine
565
00:41:07,201 --> 00:41:10,080
care s� distrug� transeele nemtilor.
566
00:41:18,560 --> 00:41:21,200
De la aparitia transeelor,
567
00:41:21,201 --> 00:41:23,200
fiecare tab�r� a s�pat
568
00:41:23,201 --> 00:41:26,280
sub transeele inamice
pentru a le arunca �n aer.
569
00:41:29,960 --> 00:41:32,080
E un r�zboi oarecum paralel,
570
00:41:32,081 --> 00:41:34,000
chinuitor si secret.
571
00:41:36,500 --> 00:41:38,400
Toti ascult� zgomotele subterane,
572
00:41:38,501 --> 00:41:42,481
care pot �nsemna
c� inamicul sap� spre tine
573
00:41:42,641 --> 00:41:45,520
sau c� te apropii de transeele lui.
574
00:41:54,440 --> 00:41:56,880
De aceast� dat�, genistii britanici
575
00:41:56,881 --> 00:41:59,600
au s�pat un tunel de 1,5 km,
576
00:41:59,601 --> 00:42:01,320
sub transeele germane
577
00:42:01,321 --> 00:42:05,280
si l-au umplut cu 21 de tone
de explozive puternice.
578
00:42:11,200 --> 00:42:14,480
1 iulie 1916, ora 07:20.
579
00:42:14,600 --> 00:42:16,600
Mina sare �n aer,
provoc�nd un crater
580
00:42:16,601 --> 00:42:18,400
lat de 90 m.
581
00:42:21,891 --> 00:42:23,680
Ins� nemtii �i auziser�
582
00:42:23,681 --> 00:42:26,400
pe genisti si se retr�seser�.
583
00:42:26,440 --> 00:42:28,440
Sunt aruncate �n aer si alte mine.
584
00:42:28,441 --> 00:42:30,640
Nu produc nicio victim�.
585
00:42:39,760 --> 00:42:42,280
20 de mine explodeaz�.
586
00:42:43,600 --> 00:42:45,240
La ora 07:30,
587
00:42:45,640 --> 00:42:47,480
artileria britanic�, ce atacase
588
00:42:47,481 --> 00:42:48,600
opt zile liniile germane,
589
00:42:48,640 --> 00:42:50,800
�nceteaz� focul,
590
00:42:50,801 --> 00:42:52,880
deschiz�nd cale liber� atacului.
591
00:43:00,640 --> 00:43:02,160
Dar obuzele nu distruseser�
592
00:43:02,161 --> 00:43:04,600
s�rma ghimpat� si bunc�rele.
593
00:43:04,601 --> 00:43:07,800
Nemtii ies din ad�posturi
socati, dar teferi.
594
00:43:13,880 --> 00:43:16,400
Timp de 10 minute,
nu se �nt�mpl� nimic.
595
00:43:16,401 --> 00:43:17,700
Nemtii au timp
596
00:43:17,701 --> 00:43:19,520
s� �si instaleze mitralierele.
597
00:43:21,840 --> 00:43:25,080
E ora 07:40.
Britanicii se preg�tesc s� atace.
598
00:43:25,840 --> 00:43:28,400
Toti acesti tineri recruti se tem.
599
00:43:28,600 --> 00:43:31,000
Pentru a le da �ncredere,
c�pitanul Billy Neville,
600
00:43:31,001 --> 00:43:33,600
de 22 de ani, iese primul
si dribleaz�
601
00:43:33,601 --> 00:43:36,680
cu o minge de fotbal
prin zona-tampon.
602
00:43:48,600 --> 00:43:50,320
P�n� c�nd e secerat de gloante.
603
00:44:02,800 --> 00:44:04,560
P�n� la finalul acestei zile de iad,
604
00:44:04,561 --> 00:44:08,200
au pierit 20.000 de britanici.
605
00:44:21,200 --> 00:44:23,640
40.000 de soldati sunt r�niti.
606
00:44:26,800 --> 00:44:30,200
Vor trebui s� �ndure
chinuitorul drum c�tre spital.
607
00:44:31,600 --> 00:44:33,880
De multe ori, asteptarea �nseamn�
608
00:44:33,881 --> 00:44:38,520
cangren�, amputare sau moarte.
609
00:44:44,200 --> 00:44:45,640
Supravietuitorii raporteaz�
610
00:44:45,641 --> 00:44:47,960
c� bombardamentul a fost inutil.
611
00:44:51,771 --> 00:44:54,200
Nu �l impiedic� pe generalul Haig,
612
00:44:54,201 --> 00:44:56,400
s� ordone alte atacuri sinucigase.
613
00:45:09,200 --> 00:45:11,800
La Paris, �n palatul Elysee,
614
00:45:11,801 --> 00:45:15,280
presedintele francez,
Raymond Poincar�,
615
00:45:15,281 --> 00:45:17,200
scrie �n jurnalul s�u:
616
00:45:18,000 --> 00:45:21,840
"S�mb�t�, 1 iulie 1916."
617
00:45:23,600 --> 00:45:25,800
"La nord de Somme,
s�ngele curge ca apa."
618
00:45:25,840 --> 00:45:29,600
"In acest timp, soarele scald�
copacii palatului Elysee."
619
00:45:30,400 --> 00:45:34,280
"Ulmi, paltini,
castani si salc�mi"
620
00:45:34,541 --> 00:45:38,600
"radiaz� verdele
�n armonie deplin�."
621
00:45:40,000 --> 00:45:42,200
"Mierle, porumbei si p�s�rele"
622
00:45:42,201 --> 00:45:43,920
"misun� pe pajiste."
623
00:45:45,440 --> 00:45:47,280
Si scrie �n �ncheiere:
624
00:45:48,000 --> 00:45:50,080
"Acolo, la Verdun si pe Somme,"
625
00:45:50,081 --> 00:45:52,600
"mor mii de tineri bravi."
626
00:46:08,160 --> 00:46:09,880
In septembrie, pe Somme,
627
00:46:09,881 --> 00:46:12,200
britanicii folosesc o noua arm�,
628
00:46:12,201 --> 00:46:13,320
ce poate trece de s�rma ghimpat�
629
00:46:13,321 --> 00:46:16,000
pentru a croi drum infanteriei.
630
00:46:16,800 --> 00:46:19,880
Pentru a-i p�c�li
pe spionii inamici,
631
00:46:19,881 --> 00:46:21,520
aceste vehicule blindate
632
00:46:21,521 --> 00:46:24,000
erau numite "rezervoare" sau "tancuri".
633
00:46:34,400 --> 00:46:35,400
La �nceput,
634
00:46:35,401 --> 00:46:37,640
tancurile i-au �ngrozit pe nemti.
635
00:46:37,641 --> 00:46:40,840
Dar fiind lente, vulnerabile
si �n num�r prea mic,
636
00:46:40,941 --> 00:46:43,040
primele modele au fost tinte usoare
637
00:46:43,141 --> 00:46:45,020
pentru artileria inamic�.
638
00:46:51,440 --> 00:46:53,040
Zi dup� zi,
639
00:46:53,041 --> 00:46:54,800
m�celul continu�.
640
00:46:58,691 --> 00:47:00,240
Soldatii de pe Somme critic�
641
00:47:00,241 --> 00:47:01,361
�nc�p�t�narea comandantilor.
642
00:47:07,331 --> 00:47:10,200
In consecint�,
mor 50.000 de francezi.
643
00:47:10,301 --> 00:47:12,880
130.000 de soldati britanici
644
00:47:12,981 --> 00:47:15,040
sunt r�pusi �n total,
inclusiv 23.000 de australieni,
645
00:47:16,240 --> 00:47:17,920
8.000 de neozeelandezi,
646
00:47:18,600 --> 00:47:20,480
3.000 de sud-africani,
647
00:47:20,481 --> 00:47:23,800
toti voluntarii venind
de pe insula Newfoundland.
648
00:47:26,000 --> 00:47:27,720
24.000 de canadieni,
649
00:47:27,760 --> 00:47:30,680
precum si 160.000 de germani.
650
00:47:45,000 --> 00:47:47,200
In noiembrie 1916,
651
00:47:47,600 --> 00:47:49,600
francezii si britanicii anunt�
652
00:47:49,601 --> 00:47:51,520
�ncheierea b�t�liei de pe Somme,
653
00:47:51,521 --> 00:47:53,800
care durase cinci luni.
654
00:47:58,000 --> 00:48:00,360
Ei au avansat 10 km.
655
00:48:00,361 --> 00:48:02,440
Ocupaser� unele transee germane,
656
00:48:02,441 --> 00:48:04,560
unde luaser� prizonieri
657
00:48:04,561 --> 00:48:06,800
soldati epuizati sau surzi.
658
00:48:13,200 --> 00:48:15,200
Aici, la Courcelette,
659
00:48:15,201 --> 00:48:16,600
prizonierii germani
660
00:48:16,601 --> 00:48:19,680
si canadieni din Regimentul 22 Infanterie
661
00:48:19,681 --> 00:48:22,720
dau uit�rii r�zboiul
pentru scurt timp.
662
00:48:28,600 --> 00:48:31,200
Medicul german Georg Batlin,
663
00:48:31,201 --> 00:48:34,680
din Divizia 26 Infanterie, scrie:
664
00:48:35,400 --> 00:48:38,820
"E de neconceput s� continue
aceste lupte �ngrozitoare."
665
00:48:38,921 --> 00:48:41,040
"In cele din urm�,
vor muri toti."
666
00:48:41,141 --> 00:48:43,840
"Dar cum s� fie pace,"
667
00:48:43,841 --> 00:48:48,720
"c�nd vrem s� r�punem o �ntreag�
generatie �n floarea v�rstei?"
668
00:49:01,760 --> 00:49:03,400
In prim�vara anului urm�tor,
669
00:49:04,400 --> 00:49:06,080
dup� ofensiva dezastruoas�
670
00:49:06,081 --> 00:49:07,360
pe sectorul de front,
671
00:49:07,361 --> 00:49:09,120
numit� "Chemin des dames",
672
00:49:10,000 --> 00:49:11,800
mii de soldati francezi
673
00:49:11,801 --> 00:49:13,800
refuz� s� mearg� pe linia frontului,
674
00:49:13,801 --> 00:49:17,880
fiindc� stiu c� m�rs�luiesc
direct c�tre groapa comun�.
675
00:49:28,400 --> 00:49:30,680
In lumea privativ�
de libertate a transeelor,
676
00:49:30,681 --> 00:49:33,760
b�rbatii fumeaz� tigar� de la tigar�
pentru a nu simti mirosul cadavrelor
677
00:49:33,761 --> 00:49:35,880
si �si fac curaj
678
00:49:35,881 --> 00:49:39,280
c�nt�nd Chanson de Craonne,
679
00:49:40,000 --> 00:49:41,480
numit asa dup� numele satului
680
00:49:41,481 --> 00:49:44,560
unde pierduser� sute de camarazi.
681
00:49:47,371 --> 00:49:50,886
"Adio, viat�! Adio, dragoste!"
682
00:49:51,331 --> 00:49:53,040
"Adio tuturor femeilor!"
683
00:49:53,891 --> 00:49:55,960
"Totul s-a sf�rsit acum."
684
00:49:56,400 --> 00:50:01,600
"Am terminat-o,
cu acest r�zboi �ngrozitor."
685
00:50:03,451 --> 00:50:06,400
"In Craonne,
sus, pe colin�,"
686
00:50:06,440 --> 00:50:09,520
"�l vom �nt�lni pe Domnul."
687
00:50:09,521 --> 00:50:12,480
"Suntem condamnati la moarte."
688
00:50:12,481 --> 00:50:16,600
"Toti am fost sacrificati."
689
00:50:28,200 --> 00:50:31,400
La 15 iunie 1917, �n fata
tribunalului militar
690
00:50:31,501 --> 00:50:33,640
al Diviziei 17,
691
00:50:33,641 --> 00:50:37,120
un francez insubordonat
e g�sit vinovat fiindc� a spus:
692
00:50:38,080 --> 00:50:41,160
"R�zboiul nu trebuie �ncheiat
prin victorie,"
693
00:50:41,261 --> 00:50:43,960
" ci prin revolutie."
694
00:50:47,000 --> 00:50:49,720
Revolutia izbucnise deja �n Rusia
695
00:50:49,721 --> 00:50:52,800
�n februarie 1917.
696
00:50:52,801 --> 00:50:56,320
Si soldatii rusi se r�zvr�tiser�.
697
00:50:58,000 --> 00:50:59,840
Tarul fusese alungat de la putere.
698
00:51:01,000 --> 00:51:03,520
Va aduce revolutia
sf�rsitul r�zboiului?
699
00:51:05,400 --> 00:51:07,049
Cine poate opri acest infern,
700
00:51:07,150 --> 00:51:11,700
c�nd e antrenat de at�tea forte
si at�ta ur�?
701
00:51:12,050 --> 00:51:14,700
URMATORUL EPISOD
FURIA
702
00:51:16,050 --> 00:51:20,700
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