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In today's impossible engineering.
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This is the most groundbreaking, cutting
-edge, innovative aircraft that I've
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ever seen.
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A one -of -a -kind, shape -shifting
military machine.
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The Osprey is definitely one of the most
amazing vehicles in the sky.
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It has the ability to do things that no
other aircraft can do.
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This aircraft is giving us the
capability we've never had before by
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both an airplane mode and a helicopter
mode.
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and the pioneering historic innovations.
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All right, so you ready to fly? I am.
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Thank you, sir.
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It's incredible to be standing here.
This is four acres of floating aviation
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history that made the impossible
possible.
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At New River Air Station in North
Carolina,
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Marine Corps Squadron 266, a .k .a. the
Fighting Griffins, are preparing for a
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complex training mission.
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It's designed to test their ability to
overcome the challenges
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of modern military operations.
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In today's battlefield, it's constantly
changing.
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We never know what operating environment
we're going to have to confront,
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whether it's the desert, urban
environment.
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or arctic weather confronting america's
adversaries we need to be able to
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understand decide and act our ability to
do that quickly and act quickly with
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adaptability and flexibility will be key
to our success and when it's time
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for the marines to enter the action they
can rely on an aircraft that's capable
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of the ultimate adaptation one that was
long thought impossible
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This is the V -22 Osprey, a
revolutionary
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feat of aviation engineering that
combines the speed and range of an
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with the land anywhere capability of a
helicopter.
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It's a multi -mission powerhouse that
allows the U .S. military to perform
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crucial operations in challenging
conditions all over the world.
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This aircraft, in my opinion, defines
the 21st century Marine Corps.
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The Osprey is truly impressive.
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When I look at it, I am blown away by
the technology and the capability it's
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able to produce.
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The MV -22 can fly as high as 25 ,000
feet and hit 280 knots.
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We can carry 12 ,500 pounds externally
and has a range in the ballpark of 750
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800 nautical miles.
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Nothing can compare to the Osprey.
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It's one of a kind, and I love it.
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Equipped with a pair of 38 -foot rotors,
the Osprey can take off vertically like
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a helicopter, pivot its blades forward,
and transform into a propeller -powered
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airplane capable of carrying 24 fully
loaded combat Marines.
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and flinging the equivalent weight of an
African elephant beneath the fuselage.
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It's the ideal aircraft for flying
troops and cargo into tough -to -reach,
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dangerous locations.
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For Marine Colonel John Spade, the
Osprey is an invaluable tool that's
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redefine how his team can operate.
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Our ambition as Marines was to be able
to project power.
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Well forward.
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The V -22 Osprey was created to achieve
and accomplish that ambition.
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This aircraft is giving us the
capability we've never had before by
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both an airplane mode and a helicopter
mode, which allows us to quickly respond
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to emerging situations that are in front
of the Marine Corps right now.
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And this game -changing machine is
pushing the boundaries of what's
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American armed forces.
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Unlike any other aircraft, we can take
off vertically,
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transition airplane mode, get to great
distances at great speed, and land
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vertically again.
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This allows us to get those off -steer
locations quickly and with great
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response.
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Engineers have built a world -class
aircraft with matchless capabilities.
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But how do you design a vehicle that can
transform from helicopter to airplane
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in flight?
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The capabilities of a fixed -wing
aircraft and the capabilities of a
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00:05:01,950 --> 00:05:02,950
are completely different.
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00:05:03,390 --> 00:05:06,710
Combining those capabilities into a
single airframe is particularly
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How do you keep the aircraft under
control while it shapeshifts in midair?
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You have centers of gravity shifting,
you're operating at different speeds.
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so the characteristics of this aircraft
are constantly changing.
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00:05:21,810 --> 00:05:26,190
And how do you stow a giant aircraft in
the cramped spaces on board transport
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ships?
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So we have to be able to fit a high
number of V -22s onto our amphibious
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shipping, so it's important that we can
fold it and fit it into tight spaces.
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Operated by a crew of four Marines.
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The Osprey accomplishes all this and
more.
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It's powered by a pair of Rolls -Royce
engines that can propel it over 300
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per hour.
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A top speed more than 50 % greater than
the planet's fastest helicopter.
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The fighting Griffins are making their
final preparations before taking to the
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skies on today's training flight.
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00:06:22,110 --> 00:06:29,090
But this military exercise is only
possible thanks to some of
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the most groundbreaking aviation
engineering the world has ever seen.
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Responsible for a few world firsts, this
revolutionary aircraft never fails to
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amaze Osprey engineer Rod Olson. The
Osprey is designed to take off like a
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helicopter and fly like a fixed -wing
aircraft.
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It then lands like a helicopter as well.
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The capabilities of a fixed -wing
aircraft and the capabilities of a
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are completely different.
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00:06:55,220 --> 00:06:58,560
Combining those capabilities into a
single airframe is particularly
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00:06:58,560 --> 00:07:01,620
because you have to balance design
requirements in order to achieve an
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solution.
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Mechanics and physics involved in
solving the transition between
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and airplane mode are particularly
complex.
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In order to solve this problem,
engineers can look to history's
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inspiration.
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At the National Museum of the U .S. Air
Force in Dayton, Ohio, aerospace
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engineer Lynn Pickering has traveled to
see a game -changing experimental
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aircraft.
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Oh my gosh, look at this thing.
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It looks like it's straight out of a sci
-fi film.
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This is the Bell XVIII.
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It's the only one left of its kind.
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I would have to say this is one of the
most exciting pieces of aviation
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engineering that I've ever, ever seen.
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Making its maiden flight in 1955, the
XVIII is a true pioneer of aviation
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engineering.
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developed as part of a joint research
program between the United States Air
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Force and Army.
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The experimental concepts introduced on
the XV -3 laid the foundation that
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helped make the Osprey possible.
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This aircraft is actually the first
attempt at tilt rotor technology.
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00:08:29,080 --> 00:08:35,490
And so what that means is that... This
is in helicopter formation now, but when
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00:08:35,490 --> 00:08:41,669
the aircraft takes off, these blades
rotate down into airplane mode. And then
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00:08:41,669 --> 00:08:45,990
when the aircraft needs to land again,
they rotate back up, lands like a
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helicopter.
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These cleverly designed rotor blades
allowed for a previously unprecedented
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-air switch.
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This is wild.
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You'd think that.
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Something like this should be
impossible, that you take off like a
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00:09:01,120 --> 00:09:05,200
and then you transform kind of like a
transformer, and then you're flying like
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00:09:05,200 --> 00:09:09,800
an airplane. So it's always been a bit
of a holy grail for aviation engineers.
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00:09:11,660 --> 00:09:16,480
Leading the quest to realize this
ambition were Bell designers Bob Lichten
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00:09:16,480 --> 00:09:17,480
Kenneth Wernicke.
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I just think of how daunting this must
have been to design something like this.
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When you're trying to combine those two
concepts into one airframe, you run into
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00:09:30,660 --> 00:09:31,660
a lot of issues.
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00:09:34,640 --> 00:09:40,440
And during a test flight in 1956, the XV
-3 would demonstrate just how difficult
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it is to perfect tilt rotor technology.
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After the aircraft suffered extreme
vibrations in midair, the pilot passed
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causing the prototype to crash.
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To solve this problem, engineers needed
to go back to the drawing board.
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00:10:01,860 --> 00:10:06,520
So if we look at the wings, we can
actually see one of the key design
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after that first crash.
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00:10:08,840 --> 00:10:13,800
Their solution changed aviation forever
and provided the groundwork for the V
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00:10:13,800 --> 00:10:16,040
-22 Osprey to rule the skies.
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00:10:16,540 --> 00:10:21,060
The technology demonstrated by the V -22
is really a long time coming and the
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00:10:21,060 --> 00:10:23,020
result of multiple decades of
engineering.
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00:10:26,890 --> 00:10:32,110
The V -22 Osprey is a unique military
aircraft with unrivaled capabilities.
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Equipped with a pair of transformational
tilt rotors, the Osprey can convert
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between flight modes in just 12 seconds,
allowing it to take off,
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hover, and land like a helicopter, and
fly at high speed and altitude like an
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airplane.
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00:10:56,780 --> 00:11:01,160
To make this mighty machine possible,
engineers needed to learn from the
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00:11:01,160 --> 00:11:02,700
and errors of their predecessors.
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00:11:03,700 --> 00:11:09,560
The Bell XV3 was the first aircraft to
utilize tilt rotor technology, but their
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test flight revealed a catastrophic
vibration issue.
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Having realized the flaw in their
design, Bell's engineers set out to find
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solution.
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00:11:19,790 --> 00:11:24,390
So if we look at the wings, we can
actually see one of the key design
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after that first crash.
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00:11:26,970 --> 00:11:33,950
They've added these struts in here to
make these wings a lot stronger, and
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00:11:33,950 --> 00:11:38,550
that changed the whole frequency of the
structure so that it no longer is going
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to resonate with the tilt rotor tilting
down.
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00:11:42,190 --> 00:11:45,290
And let me show you another aspect of
the design change.
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They actually changed from a three
-blade design up here to two blades.
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00:11:50,580 --> 00:11:57,400
And they strengthened and shortened this
pylon here on both sides to make
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this stronger and decrease the
vibrations.
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00:11:59,920 --> 00:12:04,880
And then inside this fairing here, we've
actually got the electrical motor that
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completes this 90 -degree arc in only 10
to 15 seconds. So very quickly, you're
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able to go from helicopter mode to prop
plane mode.
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After incorporating its new design
elements, the XV -3 successfully
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problems, completing more than 100 full
conversions of its tilt rotors between
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1958 and 1962, making it the first
aircraft to achieve a feat
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engineers had long thought impossible.
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00:12:39,440 --> 00:12:44,700
The XV -3 might just be one of the most
important pieces of aviation
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engineering. It really took this concept
of combining these two technologies,
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which a lot of people thought was going
to be impossible, and they proved that
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it was possible.
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Back on board the Osprey.
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Today's expert flight crew is about to
embark on their scheduled training
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mission, which will test the aircraft's
unique faculties.
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Just like the XV -3, the Osprey uses its
rotors in the upright position to take
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off vertically.
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00:13:41,130 --> 00:13:46,350
then pivots them forward by 90 degrees,
allowing the wings to generate lift,
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completing the conversion to propeller
plane in a little over 12 seconds.
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00:13:58,110 --> 00:14:02,670
Osprey engineer Rod Olson knows just
what it takes to make this remarkable
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00:14:02,670 --> 00:14:07,990
possible. The secrets behind the
incredible tilt rotor technology are
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00:14:07,990 --> 00:14:12,080
inside the structures on the aircraft's
wingtips. known as nacelles.
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00:14:13,780 --> 00:14:17,420
So contained within the nacelle, there
are several components that allow it to
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operate. Primarily the engines, which
are in this lower portion.
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00:14:20,680 --> 00:14:24,600
Then there are gearboxes further up,
drivetrains, and ultimately the rotor
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system here at the tip.
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The pylon conversion actuator is
responsible for actually moving the
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and down.
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00:14:30,200 --> 00:14:33,340
It has dual redundancy, so in the event
of a failure, the pylon conversion
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00:14:33,340 --> 00:14:36,560
actuator can actually allow the aircraft
to land safely.
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00:14:38,830 --> 00:14:43,790
The pylon conversion actuator is a
hydraulically powered telescopic ball
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00:14:45,150 --> 00:14:51,850
As the screw is rotated, it extends and
rotates a lug that is
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00:14:51,850 --> 00:14:57,350
coupled to the nacelle, causing it to
pivot from the vertical to horizontal
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00:14:57,350 --> 00:14:58,350
orientation.
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00:14:59,450 --> 00:15:05,330
When the screw is rotated in the
opposite direction, the nacelle returns
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00:15:05,330 --> 00:15:06,330
vertical orientation.
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00:15:08,880 --> 00:15:12,160
If you look at the nacelle and the
tiltrotor, you can see just how
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00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:13,680
the engineering is that went into this.
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00:15:13,980 --> 00:15:16,680
The tiltrotor technology employed on the
Osprey is unique.
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00:15:17,020 --> 00:15:19,420
It does not use anywhere else in the
world in an operational status.
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00:15:21,680 --> 00:15:26,000
Surprisingly, all it takes for Osprey
pilots like Major Thomas Cecil to carry
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00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:29,580
out this incredible transformation is
the push of a single switch.
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00:15:32,170 --> 00:15:36,930
The V -22 makes a transition from
helicopter mode to airplane mode with
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00:15:36,930 --> 00:15:38,430
just the flick of the thumb.
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00:15:38,710 --> 00:15:43,810
On our TCL down here, we have a nacelle
thumb wheel, and all we have to do is
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00:15:43,810 --> 00:15:47,070
push forward on the thumb wheel, and it
begins to actuate the nacelle forward
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00:15:47,070 --> 00:15:48,070
towards airplane mode.
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00:15:51,190 --> 00:15:55,910
So when I push forward on the nacelle
thumb wheel, it's going to actuate
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00:15:55,910 --> 00:15:59,830
conversion actuators on either wingtip
and...
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00:16:00,440 --> 00:16:04,140
Through the conversion actuators, it'll
modulate the nacelles down.
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00:16:05,820 --> 00:16:11,160
When we're ready to convert again and
come back to VTOL, it's just a reverse
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00:16:11,160 --> 00:16:16,300
process. We'll pull back on the nacelle
thumb wheel, and we revert back to
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00:16:16,300 --> 00:16:18,200
typical helicopter -style controls.
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00:16:19,520 --> 00:16:24,000
It's a groundbreaking achievement that's
only possible thanks to the Osprey's
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00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:25,940
innovative aviation ancestors.
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00:16:28,240 --> 00:16:32,660
The technology demonstrated by the V -22
is really a long time coming and the
215
00:16:32,660 --> 00:16:34,620
results of multiple decades of
engineering.
216
00:16:35,040 --> 00:16:38,380
And it all starts and is all built off
other aircraft.
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00:16:42,240 --> 00:16:49,000
Back in the sky, 266 Squadron is
underway on a training exercise
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00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:54,640
designed to simulate the challenges of a
complex real -world military operation.
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00:16:58,060 --> 00:16:59,960
Copy, 80 feet, all calls in the back.
220
00:17:00,300 --> 00:17:01,300
Roger, clear right.
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00:17:04,720 --> 00:17:09,520
With the Marines regularly deployed in
the planet's most hostile locations,
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00:17:09,520 --> 00:17:12,079
essential that the Osprey can get them
there safely.
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00:17:14,319 --> 00:17:20,980
And that means being able to land
224
00:17:20,980 --> 00:17:22,760
in low -visibility conditions.
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00:17:35,160 --> 00:17:38,340
We have to be able to take this aircraft
into any environment.
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00:17:38,640 --> 00:17:42,800
And because of the amount of downwash
that we create, we have to be ready for
227
00:17:42,800 --> 00:17:45,320
dust, sand, snow, anything.
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00:17:45,560 --> 00:17:48,600
And that's going to reduce our
visibility when coming into land.
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00:17:53,350 --> 00:17:57,670
Losing visibility during a landing is
extremely dangerous. If you can imagine
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00:17:57,670 --> 00:18:02,050
pulling into your driveway with your
eyes closed while you're driving your
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00:18:02,210 --> 00:18:06,590
you just trust yourself to just stop
before you crash into your garage door.
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00:18:06,890 --> 00:18:13,550
But in this case, we have maybe up to
25, 27 people's lives on the line
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00:18:13,550 --> 00:18:15,970
and very expensive equipment.
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00:18:16,870 --> 00:18:21,050
If we were to crash an aircraft, that
right there is mission failure.
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00:18:21,680 --> 00:18:26,280
So it's very important that we're able
to take off and land in a reduced
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00:18:26,280 --> 00:18:27,380
visibility environment.
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00:18:30,820 --> 00:18:34,680
Incredibly, engineers have come up with
a solution that allows the Osprey to
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00:18:34,680 --> 00:18:38,860
operate in zero visibility, helping
pilots avoid disaster.
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00:18:40,520 --> 00:18:43,400
We have a couple different ways that we
can do this.
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00:18:43,640 --> 00:18:48,420
One is through an automated approach,
which is pre -built into our flight plan
241
00:18:48,420 --> 00:18:50,820
to assist the pilot to make a safe
landing.
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00:18:51,260 --> 00:18:55,000
We're really talking about the very
final stages before landing, and this is
243
00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:57,340
where we're going to lose our visibility
outside.
244
00:19:00,160 --> 00:19:05,980
By using GPS technology to identify a
suitable landing location, the Osprey
245
00:19:05,980 --> 00:19:10,480
control its drift and rate of descent to
safely touch down without any input
246
00:19:10,480 --> 00:19:11,480
from the pilot.
247
00:19:13,100 --> 00:19:17,580
And the aircraft's high -tech
instrumentation can also be used to
248
00:19:17,580 --> 00:19:19,980
landing when loss of visibility is not
expected.
249
00:19:22,250 --> 00:19:27,790
We can also use automation on the fly,
and we engage that utilizing the flight
250
00:19:27,790 --> 00:19:28,749
director panel.
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00:19:28,750 --> 00:19:33,350
The primary piece that we're looking at
here is the hover coupler, and utilizing
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00:19:33,350 --> 00:19:38,450
this is going to give us varying degrees
of lateral control assistance to
253
00:19:38,450 --> 00:19:42,710
minimize drift. It's also going to help
us slow the aircraft down and give us a
254
00:19:42,710 --> 00:19:43,750
controlled rate of descent.
255
00:19:43,950 --> 00:19:48,390
When we're ready to land, we can just
engage basically the altitude control,
256
00:19:48,390 --> 00:19:50,330
then we control the altitude and rate of
descent.
257
00:19:51,400 --> 00:19:55,920
It's an amazing solution that's
essential to allow the Osprey to land in
258
00:19:55,920 --> 00:19:59,060
world's most hostile locations in zero
visibility.
259
00:20:00,740 --> 00:20:05,000
It's just not possible without this
system and without these displays that
260
00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:10,320
have. The team has devised a one -of -a
-kind multimodal aircraft capable of an
261
00:20:10,320 --> 00:20:14,980
amazing transformation, but engineers
now face the problem of how to keep it
262
00:20:14,980 --> 00:20:16,860
stable while it morphs in midair.
263
00:20:17,860 --> 00:20:21,400
There's a lot of challenges with
operating in conversion mode.
264
00:20:21,660 --> 00:20:23,700
In order to land, we have to slow down.
265
00:20:24,020 --> 00:20:25,200
This involves converting.
266
00:20:25,680 --> 00:20:29,760
And as we do, this changes the
configuration of the aircraft and brings
267
00:20:29,760 --> 00:20:32,260
different handling characteristics into
play.
268
00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:37,700
To help keep the Osprey stable through
this unique conversion process,
269
00:20:37,700 --> 00:20:40,300
must look to the pioneers of the past.
270
00:20:41,120 --> 00:20:42,260
All right, you ready to go?
271
00:20:42,520 --> 00:20:43,520
Yeah, man, let's go fly it.
272
00:20:52,469 --> 00:20:55,650
Engineer Dan Dickrell has traveled to
the heart of Georgia.
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00:20:57,530 --> 00:20:59,670
Oh, I can't wait to see this.
274
00:20:59,930 --> 00:21:01,170
This is going to be awesome.
275
00:21:02,070 --> 00:21:04,910
To discover a plane with a trailblazing
design.
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00:21:07,370 --> 00:21:08,610
Dang, look at that.
277
00:21:10,070 --> 00:21:12,950
What a beautiful and shiny aircraft.
278
00:21:13,470 --> 00:21:19,690
It's a Lockheed Electra 12. It's a
classic example of Art Deco era of
279
00:21:20,140 --> 00:21:24,020
There's only about 10 of these left in
the world, and today I get to fly one.
280
00:21:24,840 --> 00:21:30,060
First taking flight in 1936, the
Lockheed Model 12 Electra Jr.
281
00:21:30,500 --> 00:21:32,540
is a pioneer of passenger aviation.
282
00:21:33,780 --> 00:21:38,800
And it holds the key to keeping the V
-22 Osprey stable as it transitions
283
00:21:38,800 --> 00:21:41,560
between helicopter and airplane in
midair.
284
00:21:42,920 --> 00:21:46,840
All right, seven lakes in traffic,
Lockheed, departing runway 18, seven
285
00:21:47,990 --> 00:21:52,450
Building on the success of the Model 10
that went into production two years
286
00:21:52,450 --> 00:21:59,090
earlier, the Electra family of aircraft
was famous for its forward -thinking all
287
00:21:59,090 --> 00:22:03,430
-metal construction and the early
adoption of twin engines.
288
00:22:03,710 --> 00:22:04,710
All right, you ready to go?
289
00:22:04,910 --> 00:22:05,910
Yeah, man, let's go flying.
290
00:22:26,770 --> 00:22:31,270
And as Dan is about to discover, the
Electra is an aircraft that's remarkably
291
00:22:31,270 --> 00:22:32,310
easy to handle.
292
00:22:37,630 --> 00:22:44,470
But in the early days of the Electra's
293
00:22:44,470 --> 00:22:49,110
development, a flaw was discovered in
one of its key components, a defect that
294
00:22:49,110 --> 00:22:50,990
threatened to keep the airplane
grounded.
295
00:22:52,560 --> 00:22:57,260
aircraft control one of the primary
control services is the rudder the tail
296
00:22:57,260 --> 00:23:01,820
that's the part that allows the plane to
yaw in the sky go left and right so
297
00:23:01,820 --> 00:23:06,140
much like the steering wheel in a car
allows the car to turn left and right i
298
00:23:06,140 --> 00:23:12,360
have two pedals on the floor that i have
my feet on and if i press the left
299
00:23:12,360 --> 00:23:19,220
rudder pedal in strongly there we go it
turns to the left and if i press
300
00:23:19,220 --> 00:23:21,700
my right pedal in
301
00:23:22,410 --> 00:23:25,350
We go to the right a little bit. There
we go.
302
00:23:27,550 --> 00:23:28,610
Those are the basics.
303
00:23:29,710 --> 00:23:33,910
Initially designed with a single tail
positioned in the center of the
304
00:23:34,390 --> 00:23:38,450
wind tunnel tests showed the Electra was
vulnerable to instability in flight.
305
00:23:39,990 --> 00:23:44,510
This is obviously a problem, especially
if you're trying to design a passenger
306
00:23:44,510 --> 00:23:48,830
plane. So the engineers knew that they
had to solve this in order for this
307
00:23:48,830 --> 00:23:49,970
aircraft to be successful.
308
00:23:51,370 --> 00:23:54,110
The solution came from an unexpected
source,
309
00:23:54,950 --> 00:23:59,170
Clarence Kelly Johnson, a student
working on the Electra program.
310
00:23:59,970 --> 00:24:03,930
So Johnson realized the problem with the
prototype stability came down to the
311
00:24:03,930 --> 00:24:04,930
single tail.
312
00:24:05,030 --> 00:24:09,090
And his solution was this, a twin tail
design.
313
00:24:09,990 --> 00:24:14,990
This simple design tweak was a game
changer for the Electra, and it solved
314
00:24:14,990 --> 00:24:17,070
prototype stability problems for good.
315
00:24:18,640 --> 00:24:22,200
The reason why the twin tail works as
well as it does comes down to placement.
316
00:24:22,520 --> 00:24:26,820
If you can see, the propeller on this
side of the aircraft is almost in line
317
00:24:26,820 --> 00:24:31,200
with the tail, right? The reason why
that helps is because the slipstream
318
00:24:31,200 --> 00:24:35,640
coming off of this propeller is in a
position where it can interact with the
319
00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:40,000
control service, this rudder. And
remember, a rudder helps the airplane
320
00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:41,080
or right in the air.
321
00:24:41,630 --> 00:24:45,910
in situations where there's low speed
either on takeoff or landing the ability
322
00:24:45,910 --> 00:24:51,310
of this control service to safely move
the airplane around is most important
323
00:24:51,310 --> 00:24:55,890
that's one of the upsides of this design
versus a single tail single tail can't
324
00:24:55,890 --> 00:25:00,190
take advantage of that alignment and
that increased airflow and so that's why
325
00:25:00,190 --> 00:25:05,010
this twin tail works as well as it does
additionally since there's two tails
326
00:25:05,010 --> 00:25:10,900
there's twice the area twice the area
you have much more control authority to
327
00:25:10,900 --> 00:25:13,580
maneuver this plane in the air. It's a
brilliant solution.
328
00:25:27,540 --> 00:25:33,560
Over 85 years after Johnson introduced
the twin tail on the Electra, the
329
00:25:33,560 --> 00:25:36,240
pilots utilized the same innovative
concept.
330
00:25:37,680 --> 00:25:41,900
The twin tail is what gives us aircraft
that directional stability when we're
331
00:25:41,900 --> 00:25:43,160
operating in airplane mode.
332
00:25:44,340 --> 00:25:49,540
On each vertical stabilizer, it has a
rudder. Those rudders are both actuated
333
00:25:49,540 --> 00:25:52,140
utilizing the pedals on the floor of the
cockpit.
334
00:25:52,360 --> 00:25:55,680
And we use that to control and make
directional control inputs.
335
00:25:56,170 --> 00:26:01,310
Also in between our two vertical
stabilizers, we have the horizontal
336
00:26:01,310 --> 00:26:05,690
with the elevator, which is this giant
kind of whale tail, which you see. And
337
00:26:05,690 --> 00:26:07,910
that gives us longitudinal control.
338
00:26:09,650 --> 00:26:14,470
As with the Electra, the Osprey's use of
this tail technology is key for
339
00:26:14,470 --> 00:26:16,490
ensuring a smooth flight experience.
340
00:26:18,150 --> 00:26:20,290
We have to have a certain amount of
stability.
341
00:26:20,730 --> 00:26:24,850
Without the twin tails, those aircraft
would be much, much harder to fly.
342
00:26:29,450 --> 00:26:33,730
And this stabilizing innovation is also
involved in steadying the aircraft
343
00:26:33,730 --> 00:26:35,970
through its challenging conversion
process.
344
00:26:37,410 --> 00:26:42,110
The twin tail makes it possible for this
aircraft to transition between airplane
345
00:26:42,110 --> 00:26:43,610
and VTOL.
346
00:26:44,170 --> 00:26:50,690
When we're an airplane, all of our
controls are... actuated similar to any
347
00:26:50,690 --> 00:26:55,410
airplane. And then as we move towards
VTOL, everything is made through the
348
00:26:55,410 --> 00:26:57,950
similar control inputs to what you would
see with a helicopter.
349
00:26:58,290 --> 00:27:00,850
In between, it's a combination of the
two.
350
00:27:01,530 --> 00:27:03,250
And converting to helicopter mode.
351
00:27:08,270 --> 00:27:13,910
So as we transition from airplane -type
control inputs towards helicopter -type
352
00:27:13,910 --> 00:27:19,310
control inputs, it's a blend utilizing
the tail, whether it be the elevator,
353
00:27:19,310 --> 00:27:23,790
rudders, combined with inputs through
the prop rotors to achieve for the
354
00:27:23,790 --> 00:27:25,750
output and control that we require.
355
00:27:29,670 --> 00:27:34,730
It's an ingenious modern use of this
historic technology that helps give the
356
00:27:34,730 --> 00:27:36,630
Osprey its one -of -a -kind
capabilities.
357
00:27:40,110 --> 00:27:44,610
But in order to accomplish its global
missions, it needs to be transported
358
00:27:44,610 --> 00:27:48,630
distances inside the restricted space
onboard an aircraft carrier.
359
00:27:48,930 --> 00:27:53,770
We have to be able to fit a high number
of V -22s onto our amphibious shipping,
360
00:27:53,770 --> 00:27:57,610
so it's important that we can fold it
down and fit it into tight spaces.
361
00:27:58,050 --> 00:28:02,850
To achieve this, engineers can turn to
history's innovators for inspiration.
362
00:28:03,630 --> 00:28:09,050
What's amazing to me is how much still
is relevant today. It's remarkable.
363
00:28:14,830 --> 00:28:17,990
To transport troops and cargo anywhere
in the world.
364
00:28:18,730 --> 00:28:25,250
Engineers have created a shape -shifting
military
365
00:28:25,250 --> 00:28:26,350
flying machine.
366
00:28:30,370 --> 00:28:32,910
Part helicopter and part airplane.
367
00:28:34,910 --> 00:28:38,370
The V -22 Osprey is the ultimate
aircraft.
368
00:28:42,760 --> 00:28:45,500
Fitted with three fuel tanks in the
fuselage.
369
00:28:47,360 --> 00:28:49,720
And two more integrated in the wings.
370
00:28:51,580 --> 00:28:55,460
The Osprey can hold close to 1 ,500
gallons of fuel.
371
00:28:56,100 --> 00:28:59,300
Around 75 times more than a family car.
372
00:29:00,340 --> 00:29:03,940
And enough to fly non -stop from Miami
to Philadelphia.
373
00:29:07,900 --> 00:29:10,100
In the skies above North Carolina.
374
00:29:11,440 --> 00:29:14,060
Tail right to land on the Delta Taxiway.
375
00:29:15,820 --> 00:29:21,060
The 266 Squadron flight crew is
returning to New River Air Station,
376
00:29:21,060 --> 00:29:23,100
completed a successful training flight.
377
00:29:27,140 --> 00:29:28,660
Front, three down and locked.
378
00:29:30,020 --> 00:29:31,900
Just seen, I got Blackburn on top of
you. I got Blackburn.
379
00:29:32,220 --> 00:29:33,220
Copy.
380
00:29:53,360 --> 00:29:58,640
But for the Osprey to carry out its
worldwide missions, the aircraft must be
381
00:29:58,640 --> 00:30:01,960
able to travel distances far beyond its
flying range.
382
00:30:03,080 --> 00:30:05,980
So the Marine Corps has our nation's
force in readiness.
383
00:30:06,320 --> 00:30:10,040
It's important that we have an aircraft
that can operate in any place around the
384
00:30:10,040 --> 00:30:15,160
globe. So it's extremely important that
the V -22 be able to fit and operate off
385
00:30:15,160 --> 00:30:17,200
of existing amphibious shipping.
386
00:30:19,820 --> 00:30:24,800
We have to be able to fit a high number
of V -22s onto our amphibious shipping
387
00:30:24,800 --> 00:30:28,920
that has limited hangar space. So it's
important that we can fit it into tight
388
00:30:28,920 --> 00:30:29,920
spaces.
389
00:30:32,420 --> 00:30:37,700
But squeezing an aircraft measuring 84
feet wide into a restricted footprint.
390
00:30:38,040 --> 00:30:40,520
presents a potentially impossible
problem.
391
00:30:41,300 --> 00:30:45,700
The size constraints the Osprey has to
fit in are approximately 20 feet wide by
392
00:30:45,700 --> 00:30:48,280
20 feet tall by about 63 feet long.
393
00:30:48,660 --> 00:30:53,580
It's a significant design challenge to
combine all of the details of the Osprey
394
00:30:53,580 --> 00:30:56,960
into the small footprint while still
meeting critical flight characteristics.
395
00:30:59,980 --> 00:31:04,880
To find a solution, engineers must seek
inspiration from the pioneers of the
396
00:31:04,880 --> 00:31:05,880
past.
397
00:31:14,090 --> 00:31:15,250
In San Diego.
398
00:31:15,870 --> 00:31:19,250
Oh my gosh, this place is absolutely
massive.
399
00:31:21,170 --> 00:31:26,830
Helicopter pilot Micah Muthio is on
board an iconic aircraft carrier, the
400
00:31:26,830 --> 00:31:27,830
Midway.
401
00:31:28,870 --> 00:31:33,130
It's incredible to be standing here.
This is four acres of floating aviation
402
00:31:33,130 --> 00:31:38,110
history. Can you imagine what this was
like back when active? The sound of the
403
00:31:38,110 --> 00:31:40,530
jets, the spinning of the blades, all
that activity.
404
00:31:43,169 --> 00:31:44,650
Commissioned in 1945,
405
00:31:45,370 --> 00:31:48,490
the Midway was once the largest ship in
the world.
406
00:31:49,670 --> 00:31:54,030
As an aviation nerd, it's cool to see
all the aircraft, but putting them in
407
00:31:54,030 --> 00:31:57,790
context of an actual aircraft carrier
really brings it to life.
408
00:31:59,670 --> 00:32:02,550
But even the Midway's hangar space was
limited.
409
00:32:03,470 --> 00:32:07,970
And aircraft with large wingspans or
propeller blades are not easily
410
00:32:07,970 --> 00:32:08,970
transported.
411
00:32:10,250 --> 00:32:14,590
The Navy needed a way to maximize the
number of aircraft per carrier.
412
00:32:19,610 --> 00:32:25,350
Thankfully, in 1943, engineer Michael
Boyvid helped design a helicopter
413
00:32:25,350 --> 00:32:31,550
with an ingenious solution that would
redefine how aircraft are transported.
414
00:32:39,880 --> 00:32:41,900
Look at this thing. It's amazing.
415
00:32:43,940 --> 00:32:48,940
This is the Sikorsky H5, also known as
the Dragonfly.
416
00:32:51,640 --> 00:32:55,320
From a pilot's perspective, when I look
at the cockpit, I just think the field
417
00:32:55,320 --> 00:32:58,380
of view is incredible. You can just see
in all directions.
418
00:32:59,240 --> 00:33:02,540
But the view is not the H5's greatest
accomplishment.
419
00:33:04,220 --> 00:33:08,550
What's amazing to me is how much...
still is relevant today.
420
00:33:08,910 --> 00:33:12,950
There's so many components on here that
just worked and we've stuck with them.
421
00:33:13,310 --> 00:33:18,010
And the innovative engineering behind
this groundbreaking aircraft is exactly
422
00:33:18,010 --> 00:33:21,050
what the V -22 Osprey team has been
looking for.
423
00:33:21,690 --> 00:33:26,530
To me, this folding mechanism is a real
game changer. That's really incredible.
424
00:33:32,400 --> 00:33:36,880
The B -22 Osprey is one of the most
remarkable machines on the planet.
425
00:33:40,460 --> 00:33:46,260
Built to carry troops and cargo at high
speed over long distances and into hard
426
00:33:46,260 --> 00:33:52,800
-to -reach locations, it can achieve the
seemingly impossible by
427
00:33:52,800 --> 00:33:56,300
transforming itself from helicopter to
airplane in midair.
428
00:33:57,780 --> 00:34:01,300
But each individual aircraft has a huge
footprint.
429
00:34:01,580 --> 00:34:03,900
making them difficult to transport and
store.
430
00:34:04,540 --> 00:34:09,880
To solve this problem and maximize the
Osprey's potential, engineers are
431
00:34:09,880 --> 00:34:15,199
to the Sikorsky H -5, a pioneering
helicopter that inspired the team behind
432
00:34:15,199 --> 00:34:16,199
Osprey.
433
00:34:17,060 --> 00:34:23,280
So the H -5 was special because it was
very high performance, flew up to 21
434
00:34:23,280 --> 00:34:25,960
feet, which is something I've never done
in a helicopter.
435
00:34:26,739 --> 00:34:29,219
What's amazing to me is how much...
436
00:34:29,520 --> 00:34:31,120
still is relevant today.
437
00:34:31,500 --> 00:34:35,300
There are so many components on here
that just worked, and we've stuck with
438
00:34:35,300 --> 00:34:36,300
them. It's remarkable.
439
00:34:38,139 --> 00:34:44,760
Built to offer the armed forces a
helicopter that could carry greater
440
00:34:44,760 --> 00:34:51,280
fly longer, faster, and higher than
previously possible, the H -5's
441
00:34:51,280 --> 00:34:55,179
performance allowed it to become the
first helicopter to operate in the
442
00:34:55,179 --> 00:34:56,179
Antarctic.
443
00:34:57,960 --> 00:35:02,520
But arguably the most important of this
exceptional aircraft's features was its
444
00:35:02,520 --> 00:35:04,080
revolutionary rotor blades.
445
00:35:06,040 --> 00:35:10,360
Look at these blades. They take up so
much space. It's like a big ring all the
446
00:35:10,360 --> 00:35:11,380
way around the helicopter.
447
00:35:11,940 --> 00:35:16,400
That's really inefficient use of space,
especially if you have the confines of
448
00:35:16,400 --> 00:35:17,400
an aircraft carrier.
449
00:35:17,960 --> 00:35:20,860
We're in a hangar right here. There's
not a lot of space.
450
00:35:21,310 --> 00:35:22,370
the rotor system.
451
00:35:22,570 --> 00:35:26,170
It's roughly 50 feet in diameter, and if
you get two of these side by side,
452
00:35:26,270 --> 00:35:29,750
that's 100 feet of space that you're
taking up just because of the rotor
453
00:35:33,870 --> 00:35:38,310
But as Micah is about to discover with
help from the carrier's crew, these
454
00:35:38,310 --> 00:35:41,590
blades can perform an innovative feature
to solve the problem.
455
00:35:41,930 --> 00:35:45,590
So the first thing you're taking out,
that's the pitch link bolt. The pitch
456
00:35:45,590 --> 00:35:47,550
link. It controls the pitch of the
blade.
457
00:35:47,870 --> 00:35:51,450
Okay. Now what I'm going to do, I'm
going to rotate it. So basically I'm
458
00:35:51,450 --> 00:35:52,730
to change the pitch on the blade.
459
00:35:52,970 --> 00:35:54,510
Okay. We're going down.
460
00:35:55,150 --> 00:35:59,930
Going down. Now he's going to pull the
wing or the blade attach bolt out so
461
00:35:59,930 --> 00:36:03,850
we can swing the blade. Gotcha. And that
lets the whole blade rotate back. Yes.
462
00:36:04,050 --> 00:36:05,050
Okay.
463
00:36:05,090 --> 00:36:07,550
Here's the moment where I hope not to
drop it. Okay.
464
00:36:08,090 --> 00:36:09,950
Oh, and it just rotates back like that.
Okay.
465
00:36:11,009 --> 00:36:12,210
I think it's pretty easy.
466
00:36:12,830 --> 00:36:14,190
Okay, just walking it back.
467
00:36:14,610 --> 00:36:15,610
Okay.
468
00:36:16,450 --> 00:36:21,550
After removing just two bolts, the
blades are ready to fold, allowing the
469
00:36:21,550 --> 00:36:24,110
be totally transformed in a little over
a minute.
470
00:36:26,170 --> 00:36:27,550
Okay, coming down a little bit.
471
00:36:27,790 --> 00:36:31,750
So we're going to drop the blade down.
Slide it up into the cradle. Slide it
472
00:36:34,390 --> 00:36:37,790
And then two bolts back here for the
little clamp, and good to go.
473
00:36:39,029 --> 00:36:42,910
When they started bringing the H -5 onto
ships, they would just fold them back
474
00:36:42,910 --> 00:36:45,470
like this, and this is how you store
them.
475
00:36:45,670 --> 00:36:49,170
Yeah, except for back then you had two
20 -year -old sailors doing it.
476
00:36:49,730 --> 00:36:51,490
A couple of old guys like that.
477
00:36:53,690 --> 00:36:59,450
And after repeating the same process on
the opposite side of the aircraft, the H
478
00:36:59,450 --> 00:37:03,370
-5 can complete a feat that had
previously been impossible for a
479
00:37:04,189 --> 00:37:08,750
By fully folding its blade, the H5
significantly shrinks its footprint.
480
00:37:09,330 --> 00:37:11,710
All right, now what I'm going to do is
I'm going to rotate it a little farther
481
00:37:11,710 --> 00:37:12,810
to where I can drop it out.
482
00:37:13,110 --> 00:37:14,710
And coming down a little bit. Okay.
483
00:37:15,710 --> 00:37:17,850
I'm not going to say there's a lot of
pressure here, but this is a very old
484
00:37:17,850 --> 00:37:20,590
helicopter, and the guy holding the
blade, don't want to break it.
485
00:37:24,190 --> 00:37:25,190
Got that.
486
00:37:27,560 --> 00:37:30,900
It is remarkable, though, that just a
few seconds ago this thing was ready to
487
00:37:30,900 --> 00:37:32,220
fly. Yes. Well, ish.
488
00:37:33,220 --> 00:37:34,720
And now here we are.
489
00:37:35,300 --> 00:37:36,300
Okay.
490
00:37:36,720 --> 00:37:38,860
That was suspiciously easy.
491
00:37:39,500 --> 00:37:41,420
I think I'm ready to join the crew,
guys.
492
00:37:42,040 --> 00:37:43,660
I'm ready to join your squad.
493
00:37:46,820 --> 00:37:51,820
Voyvich's transformative blade fold
design helped revolutionize the
494
00:37:51,820 --> 00:37:56,560
military aircraft, dramatically reducing
the space required to carry a
495
00:37:56,560 --> 00:38:01,180
helicopter. What's incredible to me is
that we've gone from 50 feet wide to 5
496
00:38:01,180 --> 00:38:03,280
feet wide in about a minute.
497
00:38:03,860 --> 00:38:08,620
And today, blade folding is still an
essential feature on an array of modern
498
00:38:08,620 --> 00:38:13,160
aircraft, proving the importance of
Boyvitt's ingenious invention.
499
00:38:14,260 --> 00:38:19,600
To me, this folding mechanism is a real
game -changer, making it possible to fly
500
00:38:19,600 --> 00:38:23,180
a helicopter from a ship -borne
environment. That's really incredible.
501
00:38:24,490 --> 00:38:29,350
To complete the V -22 Osprey and make
one of the most versatile aircraft in
502
00:38:29,350 --> 00:38:33,310
history, engineers will take Boivitt's
brilliant solution.
503
00:38:33,550 --> 00:38:37,090
It's amazing to see such a massive
aircraft turn into such a small
504
00:38:37,090 --> 00:38:39,410
like this. And make it all their own.
505
00:38:39,670 --> 00:38:42,670
This is the world's first complete blade
-folded wing -sew system.
506
00:38:47,210 --> 00:38:51,810
Today in North Carolina, the V -22
Osprey's engineers have taken Michael
507
00:38:51,810 --> 00:38:53,430
Boivitt's blade -fold innovation.
508
00:38:53,720 --> 00:38:56,800
and modernized it to achieve a new feat
in aviation.
509
00:39:00,240 --> 00:39:03,320
This is the world's first complete blade
fold and wing sew system.
510
00:39:06,520 --> 00:39:10,840
There are other platforms that use a
portion of blade fold or a portion of
511
00:39:10,840 --> 00:39:14,740
sew, but in no cases is there a complete
process all in one aircraft.
512
00:39:17,120 --> 00:39:20,280
Unlike the manual fold method designed
for the H -5,
513
00:39:21,690 --> 00:39:25,230
The Osprey's unique system is entirely
automated.
514
00:39:27,790 --> 00:39:31,310
At the start of the blade fold sequence,
the squash plate actuators that control
515
00:39:31,310 --> 00:39:34,470
the rotor head move to the fully
retracted position.
516
00:39:34,750 --> 00:39:36,390
This causes the blades to hit vertical.
517
00:39:37,690 --> 00:39:42,430
The aircraft then folds the outer two
blades so that they join the blade
518
00:39:42,430 --> 00:39:43,430
currently over the wing.
519
00:39:43,730 --> 00:39:47,390
Once that's complete, the cells begin to
rotate down into the horizontal
520
00:39:47,390 --> 00:39:50,070
position, and in doing so, the wing also
begins to rotate.
521
00:39:52,040 --> 00:39:56,980
Once the wing has completed its rotation
to sit parallel with the airframe, the
522
00:39:56,980 --> 00:40:02,380
operation is complete, taking
approximately 90 seconds to shrink the
523
00:40:02,380 --> 00:40:06,200
84 feet wide to less than 19 feet wide.
524
00:40:07,300 --> 00:40:10,660
The execution of the blade full wings is
like a party trick.
525
00:40:10,980 --> 00:40:14,160
It's amazing to see such a massive
aircraft turn into such a small
526
00:40:14,160 --> 00:40:15,160
like this.
527
00:40:15,700 --> 00:40:19,800
It's a remarkable transformation that's
vital to the Osprey's functionality.
528
00:40:20,480 --> 00:40:24,380
allowing the aircraft to operate from
the confines of an aircraft carrier.
529
00:40:25,820 --> 00:40:26,400
This
530
00:40:26,400 --> 00:40:34,720
feature,
531
00:40:34,860 --> 00:40:39,980
along with the V -22 Osprey's other
unique capabilities, make this
532
00:40:39,980 --> 00:40:44,420
aircraft one of the most advanced
machines ever to navigate the sky.
533
00:40:46,600 --> 00:40:49,460
Every day I look at the Osprey, I can't
believe how amazing it looks.
534
00:40:49,930 --> 00:40:53,390
The engineering that was involved to
design this aircraft blows me away.
535
00:40:54,290 --> 00:40:57,950
It's an extreme honor and privilege for
me to be part of this Osprey team, not
536
00:40:57,950 --> 00:41:01,490
just for this fantastic aircraft, but
also to work with those men and women
537
00:41:01,490 --> 00:41:02,490
keep this aircraft flying.
538
00:41:07,270 --> 00:41:10,570
By looking to the pioneers of the past
for inspiration.
539
00:41:12,750 --> 00:41:14,030
Adapting their ideas.
540
00:41:15,050 --> 00:41:16,690
Building on their designs.
541
00:41:17,420 --> 00:41:20,160
and triumphing over enormous challenges.
542
00:41:21,700 --> 00:41:26,540
This is a game -changing aircraft for
the Marines. It accomplishes things that
543
00:41:26,540 --> 00:41:27,980
no other aircraft can accomplish.
544
00:41:28,280 --> 00:41:30,500
It's a real -life transforming.
545
00:41:32,880 --> 00:41:38,200
The Ospreys team has created a
revolutionary piece of aviation
546
00:41:38,200 --> 00:41:44,340
and succeeded in making the impossible
possible.
547
00:41:45,840 --> 00:41:49,820
It wasn't long ago that people thought
it impossible to combine both helicopter
548
00:41:49,820 --> 00:41:51,600
and airplane capabilities.
549
00:41:51,880 --> 00:41:54,080
We've redefined what's possible on the
battlefield.
550
00:41:54,130 --> 00:41:58,680
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