All language subtitles for Impossible Engineering s05e04 Skyscrapers of the Deep.eng

Today, on Impossible Engineering, the
largest offshore wind farm on the

We're actually at the very cutting edge
of the industry.

Nothing on this scale has been done
before.

Marine engineering in a league of its
own.

The circumference of the turbine with
the blades on is about the same as the

London Eye. It's an absolutely awesome
project.

And the inspired historic innovations.

Look at this.

that made the impossible possible.

The North Sea.

Separating Britain from Northern Europe.

Its waters stretch over 289 ,000 square
miles.

It's a famously hostile environment.

Storms bring 20 -foot waves, whipped up
by nearly 70 -mile -per -hour winds.

Challenging conditions for one of the
world's busiest shipping areas, whose

traffic must also navigate shifting
sandbanks.

It seems an impossible place to build.

But these awe -inspiring natural forces
are irresistible to a group of intrepid

engineers.

Around 12 miles off the British coast,
an ambitious project is taking on these

waters. It's a hostile environment, and
it presents a major challenge for any

kind of engineering construction.

But this is an unprecedented engineering
marvel.

The London Array.

The London Array is the world's largest
offshore wind farm.

175 towering turbines capture the energy
of the wind and convert it into record

-breaking levels of electricity.

On an average year, the wind farm
produces over 2 billion units of

That's enough to power half a million
houses.

It's an army of giant spinning windmills
that covers more than 38 square miles.

Right now we're about 87 meters above
sea level. You can see the rotor behind

us, so each blade length is 58 meters.

Standing out on these machines, it
really does make you feel what a unique

to be.

London Array's turbines reach almost 495
feet above sea level.

Each blade is almost as long as a jumbo
jet's wingspan.

embedded in 716 -ton foundations.

They feed into 125 miles of cabling.

Two offshore substations send all this
power to the mainland, where it provides

enough electricity for 500 ,000 homes.

But engineering on this scale at sea has
never been done before.

And this unpredictable environment
presents huge construction challenges.

There was a really ambitious plan to
build a wind farm here.

It's quite tidal restricted.

There's a lot of change in tidal
heights, so there's very high currents,

of moving sand banks.

The brutal marine environment also takes
its toll on any technology.

And Captain Nick Coville is part of the
team making this immense wind farm a

reality. If a piece of equipment fails,
we're working to a very, very small

weather window.

We can't nip to the local hardware store
and get another one.

But above all, in the middle of one of
Europe's most extreme locations, these

turbines must somehow generate year
-round power on an unparalleled scale.

We need to generate electricity 24 hours
a day, seven days a week, this remote

offshore location.

It's an unforgiving and unpredictable
environment.

Out here, the challenges are enormous.

The team must do whatever they can to
keep the blades turning.

So how is it even possible to harness
the power of the wind?

Dr. Andrew Steele is on the windswept
coastline of Scotland searching for the

relics of an idea that sparked an
engineering revolution.

This 18th century salt mill is one of
Scotland's best preserved windmills.

The principle behind a windmill is
simple.

By taking a linear motion from the wind,
spinning those giant sails and creating

a rotary motion, you can then use axles
and gears to take that motion to

wherever you want to use the energy.

This windmill would have once had large
sails.

Its rotation was used to pump seawater
onto the land for the production of

It was a technology that hadn't changed
for thousands of years.

Just like today's engineers at the
London Array Offshore Wind Farm,

engineer James Blythe was determined to
generate electricity from wind power.

And in 1887, in his garden on the coast,
he built the world's first wind turbine

to power the lights in his cottage.

But it's said his neighbors weren't
impressed.

They considered electricity the work of
the devil.

Andrew Steele, however, has managed to
track down a place that welcomed

innovation.

Although Blythe's design didn't prove
popular with the locals, he did manage

find a new home for it here at Sunnyside
Hospital, or as it was known then,

Montrose Lunatic Asylum.

With electricity supplies in this era
notoriously unreliable, Blythe proposed

adding his new wind turbine invention.

Blythe attached his generator to an
accumulator, an early form of

battery, and his invention was an
instant hit.

Bly's design was so successful, it
actually stood here and powered Montrose

Lunatic Asylum for 30 years before it
was demolished.

London Array's 175 turbines are over 10
times taller than the Montrose turbine.

reaching 482 feet from base to blade
tip.

While Blythe used horizontally rotating
cylinders, the array uses 190 -foot

-long vertical blades to squeeze as much
electricity as possible out of the

North Sea's powerful winds.

The vital job of ensuring the turbines
remain operational falls to a team of

specialized engineers.

When they're called into action, they
must first make the over 12 -mile

out to sea.

We have 175 offshore power generation
plants, so we need to send people

to keep all of the turbines running all
of the time.

It's quite an extreme job. The guys have
to be tough and they have to be capable

of meeting physical demands.

They have extraordinary access to the
hidden inner workings of these

structures.

Today, senior operations technician
Ronnie Hill must carry out essential

maintenance to the turbine known as Echo
1 -9.

Hi, Rob, it's Echo 1 -9. I take control
fees under AWP.

There's no restrictions.

Before work can begin, he must access a
control panel on the lower platform to

bring the blades to a standstill.

So you can already hear already starting
to slow down.

There we go.

Each giant tower contains an elevator to
assist team members like senior

engineer Ed Hall with at least some of
the 230 -foot ascent.

So that's the last part of the journey
over.

Quite a challenge just getting access to
the point of work.

Yeah, now we've got to climb up.

The heart of the turbine is known as the
nacelle.

A 33 -foot -long stainless steel
enclosure, the nacelle, houses the

needed to produce electricity from the
blades.

Not many people get to see this part.

It's very unique.

This is the nacelle of the turbine where
all the action happens. So this is

where the power is getting generated and
transmitted.

We have the rotor at the front with the
blades.

So that rotational energy is transferred
through a gearbox, and behind me we

have the generator where the electrical
energy is produced.

The energy from the turbine's blades can
produce electricity in as little as 7

mph winds.

The turbine blades rotate an input shaft
at up to 13 revolutions per minute.

A gearbox makes the output shaft spin
more than 100 times faster.

A generator then converts this increased
kinetic energy to electricity.

So the parts we're giving today is
lubricating the main bearing.

Those are like bearings in your car.

Every time they wear out, the more we
lubricate it, the longer it keeps going,

the more power we can produce.

That's what we're here to do at the end
of the day.

There we go.

These machines, they don't stop.

Some are winter Christmas, Christmas
Day.

I've still got a van with only
electricity.

Constructing just one of these
megastructures is a huge engineering

So how do you make 175 of them when your
building site is the North Sea?

Not only do you have challenging seabed
conditions, you also have different

depths. It's a challenge from start to
finish.

These 175 turbines make up the world's
largest offshore wind farm, the London

Array.

For head of operations Graham Doss, it's
a perfect location for a bumper

harvest. We're on the coast of the UK.

We have more wind energy than pretty
much the whole of the rest of Europe.

Spanning an area over 38 square miles.

These nearly 495 -foot -high turbines
are kept operational 24 hours a day,

days a week, to produce 2 .5 billion
units of electricity a year.

Each of these massive marvels is made up
of mammoth components.

The tower itself in two parts weigh
around about 200 tons.

Each one of those blades is around about
25 or 30 tons each.

And then the cell, the part that goes
onto the top of the wind turbine, these

can be up to 300 tons.

But constructing this army of giants in
the unforgiving North Sea is the biggest

battle of all.

The weather conditions can be very
variable.

We can have mist and fog as we have
today. You can have nice flat counties.

And you can also have storm force
conditions rolling in without warning.

It's a significant operation to install
one of these turbines.

Fast flowing tides.

The nature of the seabed is extremely
variable.

So even in one location, we could get a
distance of up to 10 meters.

The change is very, very extreme in a
very, very small area.

It's a challenge from start to finish.

So how is it possible to create a stable
structure when your building site is

underwater?

Aeromanche in northern France is the
site of an historic marine construction

breakthrough.

Today, Dr. Rhys Morgan is joining a team
of divers who are tracking down an

engineering relic.

This coastline is the site of some of
the most incredible Second World War

engineering. And we're on the hunt for
perhaps its most ingenious component.

Lurking in the depths since the 1940s
lies a game -changing innovation that

influenced countless future engineers
like the team at London Array.

During 1944, the D -Day landings gave
the Allies a toehold in Europe, but this

was just the beginning.

To free the Nazi -occupied continent,
they faced the problem of landing

quantities of equipment on the Normandy
coast.

To take on the mighty German army,
hundreds of thousands of troops and

vehicles had to be landed on the beaches
behind me.

British engineer Sir Bruce Gordon White
had to carry out an astonishing plan.

Construct two fully functioning harbors
in a matter of two days.

And it would have been impossible
without a brilliantly simple piece of

engineering called a spud leg.

There it is.

Ah, look.

There's the edge of it.

It's definitely got an upright.

One spudleg.

Fantastic. We've actually found one of
the original spudlegs on the seabed.

It's incredible to think that these now
discarded pieces of metal were once

vital for ending a terrible war.

The spud legs were the vital component
that made Sir Bruce Gordon White's

Mulberry Harbors possible.

These big concrete blocks behind me were
floating pontoons on which a steel

roadway led out from the beach to the
deeper water so that the ships could

unload their tanks and they could drive
right onto the beach.

Creating a floating pier is one thing.

but anchoring it securely in tidal
waters and making sure it's stable

carry a tank is a whole other ballgame.

The engineers building the London Array
need a solid, stable platform to work

from. Gordon White needed something
similar in order to safely land trucks

tanks.

This simple platform illustrates the
problem.

In normal conditions, it's fine, but if
you've got rough seas, then actually

it's very unstable.

It will swing violently from side to
side, potentially damaging the roadway.

it needs to be anchored.

Now the problem is, if you have a fixed
anchor, as the tide comes up, the

platform itself starts to sink.

Surviving the seas required a special
solution, and the answer was movable

mechanical legs, which allow the pontoon
to go up and down.

These four legs help the platform remain
stable.

They weren't driven into the ground, but
rather the ends just sat on the surface

of the seabed.

Now the weight of the platform connected
by these chains is forcing the legs

down, and that acts as an anchor.

Not only did the legs prevent the
platform moving from side to side, but

tension in the cable could also be
adjusted to rise and lower with the

the tide.

Just a brilliant idea.

Thanks to inventive engineering, over 2
million men were landed alongside 500

,000 vehicles and almost 4 .5 million
tons of goods.

The remains of this remarkable invention
may be hidden in these French waters,

but it has inspired engineers around the
world.

The spuds were an ingenious solution for
Normandy's shores.

But how could movable legs be used to
construct a wind farm in the middle of

North Sea?

The answer lies in an extraordinary
vessel.

This is MPI Discovery.

20 ,000 tons of hydraulic muscle.

At the time of London Array, she was the
fastest.

Had the highest lift, had the fastest
turnover rate in the world.

These ships were pretty much designed
with the London Array project in mind.

Discovery can construct the seemingly
impossible thanks to a mind -blowing

metamorphosis.

From ship to offshore building platform
in a matter of hours.

Experiencing this jack -up ship in
action is a unique experience for

Nick Coville.

When you're slightly pitching and
rolling as you do at sea, the legs

seabed, everything stops and you become
a platform.

Like a supersized version of Bruce
Gordon White's solution for the Normandy

invasion,

MPI Discovery uses giant legs to act
like a table sitting on the seabed.

The rear delt has six legs.

From the bottom of the keel to the top
of the leg is about 75 meters.

You can see here they're probably about
four or five inches of steel.

The British Army's spud legs were
winched, but discoveries rely on

Each leg is jacked up by eight huge
cylinders, with every vertical movement

secured by a massive pinning system.

Each one of these cylinders is capable
of lifting 500 tonnes.

You have two cylinders here that go to a
single yoke, and you have a pin that

withdraws. The yoke comes down, the pin
goes in, and then the leg is either

raised or lowered, depending on whether
we're recovering the leg or driving them

into the seabed.

The system here is capable of lifting 24
,000 tonnes of ship.

all the components for eight turbines
completely clear of the water.

This ship can remain stable in depths of
up to 130 feet.

But in order to assemble the component
parts for the wind turbines, it needs

even more muscle.

Thanks to the inspired engineering
behind Bruce Gordon White's spud legs,

Discovery can provide a stable base for
the complicated process of constructing

a record -breaking wind farm at sea.

But Discovery can't do the building
itself.

The team needs another mechanical giant
to assemble the enormous turbines that

turn the North Sea's wind into massive
amounts of electricity.

So here we have a 1 ,000 -ton crane.

A unique piece of equipment.

There was no other crane available that
was so compact that had such a lifting

capacity.

This mega machine can assemble the
superstructure of an entire turbine.

First, a hydraulic hammer is used to
drive a giant 18 -foot diameter steel

which can weigh up to 715 tons to depths
of up to 223 feet below the seabed.

This holds in place a yellow transition
piece, which can be up to 92 feet high.

Next, the main tower is added.

Topped off by the nacelle and hub, three
190 -foot -long blades complete each

530 -ton structure.

Amazingly, eight turbines can be
transported and built on a single

that we have such a vast deck space is
basically because of the size of the

turbine components. The nacelles are the
size of two or three double -decker

buses. We have eight of them at the
centre of the ship.

The blades run across the vessel, going
actually over the side by about 30

metres.

My first day as captain, the London
Array team told me that I must not roll

ship more than a certain amount,
otherwise the blades will go in the

get damaged. And I was thinking to
myself, what have I let myself in for

really?

But the wind turbines themselves are
just the start of this impossible

engineering feat.

Each turbine forms part of a 124 -mile
network, converging at one of the two

gigantic offshore substations.

These perform a vital role, boosting the
voltage produced by the turbines before

sending it to the mainland.

So there behind me you can see one of
the two London Ray substations.

These structures are critical to the
operation of the London Ray.

All of the energy that's produced passes
through one of these two substations.

They perform a critical function in
increasing the voltage from 33 ,000

150 ,000 volts in order to minimize the
losses as the energy transitions on its

long journey back ashore.

Four huge cables over 30 miles long are
needed to complete this final lay.

Each weighing nearly 5 ,000 tons,
they're floated towards the Kent

and then sunk to the seabed as they
finally converge at Cleve Hill onshore

substation.

This is where the 630 megawatts of
energy produced by the London Array

Wind Farm, out there, comes ashore on
the North Kent coast.

The four large cables come through this
field and then joins the UK national

grid.

Harnessing the elements to create
colossal amounts of electricity is an

engineering triumph.

But there is such a thing as too much
wind.

The turbines must be able to stand up to
a battering from the brutal storms that

afflict this dangerous sea.

Our turbines are 12 miles out at sea.

We encounter all sorts of weather, from
rough sea, high wind, to extreme

hailstones and rain.

The turbines can operate quite safely
into wind speeds of up to 50 miles an

hour. Beyond 50 miles an hour, the
turbine needs to be able to protect

One of the challenges that the team who
designed the turbine had to overcome was

finding ways of being able to allow the
turbine to protect itself in extreme

weather conditions.

So when the extreme weather hits and
wind speeds reach 50 miles per hour,

exposed to the North Sea's punishing
conditions, How can these vital mega

-machines survive the very elements
they're trying to harness?

Deep in the Danish countryside is an
extraordinary structure that Dr. Tufay

Gochman is scaling.

And it might hold the key to
weatherproofing the London Array.

It's 54 meters off the ground right now.

And this 2 megawatt design machine has
been operating at this very spot for the

passing 40 years.

That is by far the longest operational
time for any wind turbines in the world.

And it has a beautiful view.

In 1978, the giant Tevincraft dwarfed
all wind turbines before it.

To date, its 88 -foot -long blades have
completed over 120 million revolutions.

It has produced more than 21 million
kilowatt hours.

To put that into perspective, that kind
of production could power up the entire

New York City for more than three years.

This innovation would prove invaluable
to the designers of the London Array.

The London Array produces enough clean
energy to power half a million houses

every year.

And the engineers behind this
groundbreaking wind farm owe it in part

unlikely group of visionaries from the
past.

In the 1970s, the world was gripped by
an oil crisis.

Denmark was no exception.

So a group of radical teachers set up a
collective, promoting the country's

strong winds as a viable energy
alternative.

On a farmland plot called Tevind, they
mobilized hundreds of volunteers,

building the seemingly impossible with
little financial backing.

What I really love about the TwinCraft
turbine is how many secondhand

you can find here in the nacelle.

For example, this main drive shaft over
here is from an oil tanker, and this

gearbox right here is from a copper
mine, and the generator is from a paper

factory from Sweden.

But as at the London Array, the sheer
scale of Tevincraft posed enormous

challenges. No manufacturer could be
found to construct the 88 -foot blades,

the collective took matters into their
own hands, breaking the mold of blade

design. They're not made of metal, which
was popular at the time, but they're

made of glass fibers, which give them a
lot of flexibility.

Designed to withstand a hurricane, the
massive blades can flex almost five feet

in either direction.

But this rotor has another ingenious way
of dealing with wind.

Arguably, the most important innovation
of TwinCraft is actually being able to

pitch the blades.

To maximize efficiency, pitching
oriented TwinCraft's blades at various

to the wind.

I have this little version of TwinCraft
with me here.

We have the blades pitched to the
ultimate efficiency position already.

We will give it some steady wind.

And then get a reading out of that.

So right now, my little twin is
producing about 0 .15 volts.

But if the angle of the blades is turned
to a less efficient position... We are

actually adjusting them approximately
half the way.

We can already see that it's rotating a
lot slower.

And the reading I have is actually
around 0 .7.

But pitching can have an even more
dramatic effect.

I'm changing their angle so that they
will face the wind almost entirely,

eliminating the lift that is created by
the turbine light.

And when I take my hands up, no more
rotation.

The Twincraft Collective had engineered
a truly adaptable turbine that could

safely survive a storm and maximize
energy in a steady breeze.

From these humble beginnings, it
wouldn't be long before the commercial

took notice.

In the 1980s, around 700 Danish -built
turbines were ordered for a site in

California that would eventually become
the world -famous Tehachapi Pass Wind

Farm and spell the start of the
Californian Wind Rush.

At 190 feet long, the blades of London
Array's turbines are twice the size of

Twincraft. But incredibly, they're able
to maneuver in the same way.

Engineer Ed Hall has special access to
take a closer look.

The blades on these wind turbines can
pitch.

The advantage of pitching the blades is
to allow variable speed production.

A greater amount of energy can be
captured at lower wind speeds.

And in terms of also providing a safety
function for stopping as well, it's

important that the pitch system can
pitch the blades out quickly if the

needs to stop.

These intelligent blades are even able
to angle to the optimum position

automatically, thanks to a clever
onboard computer which operates the

hydraulics.

One of the special things we can do is
change the pitch angle right now,

on different areas of the blade.

So as you can see, the pitch angle moves
relatively quickly.

All the blades can move independently,

continually changing the angle to
optimize itself for the wind conditions.

The blades themselves are molded from a
single piece of fiberglass, making them

lightweight but super strong.

The circular base of each one is bolted
onto one of three connection points on

the nose of the turbine.

A 10 -foot -high fiberglass dome known
as the hub.

So right now we're in the hub of the
turbine.

So this is right at the front of the
machine between the blades and 90 meters

above sea level.

Here we can see the three blades bolted
on here, here and here.

The benefit of having a single piece
design is so there's no jointed

connections, which have historically in
the industry been the weakest point of

blades in their design.

So to have it molded in a single piece
is really key in the technology

development.

Inside the blade is actually hollow.

You can get inside and move along it and
walk inside it. It's that large.

This is the evolution of a number of
years to 30 years' development of wind

turbine blade design.

London Array is so efficient, its annual
contribution to the reduction of CO2

emissions is the equivalent to taking
around 290 ,000 cars off the road.

But with the pressure on to produce even
more power, how can engineers here take

it to the max?

Wind is a free fuel, so it's still about
getting the most out of it that you

possibly can.

It's impossible engineering in the
extreme.

So can they rise to the challenge?

In 2013, the vast London array rose out
of the North Sea, delivering

more energy in a single month than any
offshore farm before it.

Nothing on this scale had been done
before, so it was a real step change in

terms of the real size and capacity and
the challenges faced.

Spread over 38 square miles, the 175
turbines are arranged in a giant grid.

to capture the North Sea's prevailing
southwesterly winds.

Each turbine is computer controlled,
with all data sent back to the control

on the mainland.

This is the London Array Operations
Control Room.

This is the nerve center for controlling
all operations that happen on a daily

basis. We're looking at the performance
for the previous month. The table of

information there in the centre of the
screen is given an indication that we

would have hoped to produce about 192
,000 megawatt hours.

We actually produced 208 ,000, so we
produced more than budget, which is,

a very nice feeling, and is generally,
as a result of the wind, blowing rather

more than expected.

The future is going to be much larger
wind farms, much further offshore with

much larger turbines.

So the future is looking very rosy
indeed for offshore wind.

But to stay at the cutting edge of this
new technology, the challenge for this

ambitious team is to maximize the
array's potential.

It's all about coming up with new ways
to really optimize the efficiency.

So when the wind is blowing, we're able
to capture all the energy that we

possibly can.

But how is it possible to boost the
power of the array?

To unlock the secret, its engineers, in
their quest for kilovolts, must turn to

an unlikely source.

Britain's Silverstone is home to a high
-octane sport where performance is

everything.

But engineer Dr.

Aisling O 'Kane is finding out that
despite the huge horsepower on display

the classic meat.

It's amazing to be close to this speed
and this power.

A secret to splashing lap times is
surprisingly small.

And was invented over 40 years ago.

Created by American racing legend and
engineer Dan Gurney.

In 1971, his all -American team car was
struggling with performance, lacking the

edge to be an Indy 500 contender, until
Gurney bolted on an addition to its

wing.

Here it is, the Gurney flap.

Small piece of engineering, massive
difference to downforce.

And Gurney had happened upon, in his
garage, a significant feat.

that even the aerospace engineers hadn't
come across.

It might not look impressive, but this
tiny detailing has a big effect on

turbulent air, known as vortices, formed
at the airfoil's trailing edge.

On a normal airfoil, there are two
vortices that come out and meet in the

middle. But the addition of the gurney
flap, that changes these vortices in a

very significant way.

The flap's additional height changes the
point at which the streams of air

separated by the wing reconnect,
increasing the vertical deflection of

creating greater downforce.

But how much can that minute metal
addition change the aerodynamics of a

turbine as tall as the Great Pyramid?

When applied to 175 turbines that run
all day, every day, the tiny engineering

behind the gurney flap makes a big
difference.

It's no surprise that for the engineers
behind the London Array, the largest

offshore wind farm in the world,
aerodynamics are an important

To maximize the output of these gigantic
wind turbines, they must turn to an

invention from the past, the gurney
flap.

Dr. Aisling O 'Kane demonstrates how
this tiny innovation packs a big punch.

We're going to use this model airfoil.

Put it on the scales and see how
downforce is created.

So you can see there it's zero grams.

We're going to take our trusty
instrument to create the air force.

The air coming through is creating low
pressure underneath, high pressure

and therefore creating downforce.

The readings here are hovering between
15 grams.

But when a gurney flap is added, The
difference is remarkable.

Gurney's

newly

improved Eagle claimed seven pole
positions and won an impressive four

races.

At places like this, where there's such
competition in race car driving, the

pushing vehicles to the limits and
pushing the physics involved in it, the

impact that it had to engineering was
absolutely amazing.

But how can London Arrays engineers
adapt this minuscule concept?

to enhance the largest offshore wind
farm on the planet.

Each of the 175 turbines are supersized,
but Ed Hall and his team are making

small adjustments to evolve its blade
technology.

Increasing aerodynamic efficiency on
these blades, we use the number of

aerodynamic enhancements.

It's about reducing drag and getting as
much energy out of the wind as possible.

Inspired by the gurney flap.

A serrated strip is fitted along the
edge near the center of the blade,

produce more lift, which makes them spin
faster.

Serrated tails are also fitted to the
fastest -moving part of the blade to

reduce drag caused by turbulence.

Add a percent or two onto the energy
that we can capture from the wind.

Doesn't sound like a lot, but when you
add it up over 175 turbines here,

operating 24 -7, then it does add up.

In this offshore world of mammoth
engineering, it's the smallest details

can make the biggest difference.

Using different elements of engineering
to really maximize the amount of energy

that's captured from the wind is really
exciting.

Wind is a free fuel, so it's still about
getting the most out of it that we

possibly can.

These final modifications to the blades
are the finishing touches to one of the

world's most advanced maritime feats of
engineering.

Through design and innovation, London
Array is changing the face of energy

production.

Being part of the largest offshore wind
farm in the world, it's a privilege,

it's unbelievable.

It's a great incentive achievement.

This groundbreaking wind farm is paving
the way for the future.

Every time I come offshore and look at
these amazing structures, I'm always

impressed in the same way as I was the
first time I saw them.

I see a scale and beauty of something
that's generating so much power from an

infinitely renewable resource.

By drawing from pioneers of the past and
pushing the boundaries of innovation,

The engineers behind London Array are
succeeding in making the impossible

possible.

It is phenomenal.

And thinking back as the maths and
science kid at the back of the class, I

have given my right arm for this
opportunity, I have to say.

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