All language subtitles for Secrets.Declassified.with.David.Duchovny.S01E09.1080p.WEB.h264-EDITH_track3_[eng]

- Throughout time,
governments

and the people
who work for them

have done strange
and even terrible things

in the name
of national interest.

Tonight, real-life spy gadgets.

A giant toy
saves a double agent--

- The life of one of CIA's
most valuable assets

rests in the hands
of a pop-up doll.

- A secret message
inside a nickel

brings down
a Soviet spymaster--

- This tiny coin was
the key to everything.

- And an alien invasion
of balloons.

- Alien spacecraft
are as good a cover as any.

[dramatic music]

- Sometimes spies need the
right tech for the job.

Now it's time to bring these
strange innovations to life.

♪ ♪

[tense music]

It's 1953, and a young kid
named Jimmy Bozart

finds an unusual nickel.

It turns out to contain
secret messages

from enemy agents operating
a spy ring on US soil.

[ominous music]

♪ ♪

- So Jimmy Bozart is
a paperboy in New York City.

He's doing his paper route.

He gets some nickels as tips
from different apartments

as he delivers the paper.

He's counting his change.

One of the nickels opens up.

- It's no normal nickel.

It's hollowed out
in the middle,

almost like two lids of a jar.

And inside the nickel is
a thin piece of photo paper.

And on that paper
is a strange pattern

that he doesn't understand.

♪ ♪

- Jimmy can't figure out
what the patterns mean,

so he passes the coin
and its contents

onto a local detective.

- And the police look at it,

and they also don't know
what to make of it,

so they take it to the FBI.

- The FBI analyze it
through a microfiche machine.

They have their best scientists
trying to decode this message,

but they can never break it.

- The strange nickel
and its message

remain a mystery
for four years.

♪ ♪

Then in May 1957,
the Feds catch a lucky break.

♪ ♪

- The American government
gets a phone call

from a guy named Hayhanen.

- Reino Hayhanen
is a Soviet handler

that's operating
a ring of sources

inside the United States.

- He says he's fearful
that he's gonna be executed

because he has stolen
some of his boss's money.

So he's now defecting
to America.

- A spy who steals
from his bosses

doesn't sound like
the most reliable source,

so the FBI want to verify
Hayhanen's story.

- They needed to check
his credibility.

So they went to his house,
and they found all kinds

of materials that are
very difficult to explain

if you're not a spy.

And they also found a nickel

that matched
Jimmy Bozart's nickel.

- When the FBI asks Hayhanen
about Jimmy's nickel,

he knows all about it.

- How?

Because the nickel
that Jimmy found

was originally meant
for Hayhanen.

He picked it up
in a dead drop.

But instead of opening it
immediately

and decoding the message,

Hayhanen makes a mistake.

- When Hayhanen
picked up the coin,

he put it in his pocket
with other coins.

And then he lost track
of which coin

was actually
carrying the message.

So he accidentally spent
the coin somewhere.

- Now Hayhanen finally
reveals the secret

to cracking the code.

The mysterious message

is simply a welcome note
to Hayhanen

upon his arrival in New York.

- All of this mystery,
all of this effort,

all of this concern
over a message

that was nothing more
than a greeting card

between two Russian agents.

- The FBI knows
what the nickel is

and what the message
inside says.

But who sent it?

Hayhanen leads the feds
to a photographic studio

in Brooklyn he claims is run
by his spy handler.

[dramatic music]

- The FBI raids
this spy's apartment

at this photography studio.

And they discovered
hollowed pencils,

hollowed nickels, and some
other spy gizmos and gadgets.

This Soviet spy is captured.

He tells the FBI,
under interrogation,

that his real name
is Rudolf Abel.

He is a colonel in the KGB.

- Using the spy tech
as evidence,

the FBI charges Rudolf Abel
with conspiracy and espionage

in August 1957.

The trial reveals Abel has
run a network of KGB agents

across the US for eight years,

stealing military
and nuclear secrets

and sending them back
to Mother Russia.

He becomes the highest
ranking Russian

ever to be convicted
in the US.

- So as a result
of this famous spy case,

Rudolf Abel gets sentenced
to 30 years,

Jimmy Bozart gets a
commendation from the New York

Police Department,

and Hayhanen goes into
Witness Protection.

- It is amazing that without
Jimmy Bozart's nickel,

none of this would
have happened.

♪ ♪

- Like Jimmy's nickel,
not all spy tech is high-end.

In 1982, when the CIA's top
man in Moscow goes missing,

the agency turns to a gag toy
to track him down.

[tense music]

♪ ♪

- In 1982,
Moscow is the center

of all espionage activity
in the world.

♪ ♪

And inside Moscow we had
one of our best assets,

someone that we called
The Billion Dollar Spy.

♪ ♪

- The Billion Dollar Spy
is Adolf Tolkachev,

a senior Russian
electronics engineer

who, since 1977,

has been a one-man data mine
for the CIA.

- His specialty was in
avionics and aviation,

working on cruise missiles,
working on airplanes.

He had been giving
the US secrets

that had resulted in
billions of dollars

worth of saved research.

- Suddenly, America's Billion
Dollar Spy falls silent.

[ominous music]

- By December 1982,
the last five

scheduled meetings with
Tolkachev have been aborted.

- He was missing meetings.

So we get really,
really concerned.

Maybe he's sick.

Maybe he has
a security problem.

♪ ♪

- Charged with
tracking him down

is his CIA handler,
the operative Bill Plunkert.

But locating a double agent in
Moscow is anything but easy.

- There is no way to overstate
how difficult

an operating environment
Moscow really is.

Bill knows he's being watched
24/7 at all times.

- Wherever you were, you had
surveillance in Moscow.

No matter what you did, if you
were walking, they were there.

If you were driving,
they were there.

- If Plunkert is going to have
any chance

of meeting Tolkachev,

he needs to figure out a way
to lose the KGB agents

looking over his shoulder.

The CIA's top engineers come
up with a surprising solution,

inspired by a kid's toy,

a super-sized Jack-in-the-Box.

♪ ♪

- The idea behind the
Jack-in-the-Box invention

was that an operative
could leave a car

that another operative
was driving,

meaning without
the surveillance team

realizing anybody had
ever left the car at all.

- When a trailing KGB car is
momentarily out of sight,

the operative can
put on a disguise

and slip out of the car
and disappear.

And then the Jack-in-the-Box
pops up to make it look like

they're still in the seat.

- From the position
of the surveillance,

it would still look like
there were two people

driving in the car.

♪ ♪

- Bill will be the first ever
CIA officer

to field test
this piece of spy tech.

- Failure could lead
KGB agents

straight to the CIA's
greatest asset.

- Success hinges on getting
the Jack-in-the-Box

into the car
without the KGB seeing it.

To do that, Bill Plunkert
organizes a cover story.

- Before Plunkert's
next scheduled meeting

with Tolkachev,
the CIA Moscow office

deliberately discusses
a fictional birthday party

on phone lines
bugged by the KGB.

- On the big day,
Plunkert and his associates

walk out of the US Embassy,
Plunkert carrying a big cake.

They get into their car
and they drive off.

And as they do,
they are fully aware

that the KGB is tailing them.

That's not a problem.
They have a plan.

[dramatic music]

- When his car swings around
the corner,

Plunkert leaps out.

Right away,
his companion takes the cake

and lays it on top
of the vacated seat.

With a sudden crack,
the false top of the cake

flings open and the
Jack-in-the-Box passenger

snaps into position.

- So by the time
the KGB rounds the corner,

they see a vehicle
filled with Americans

with the exact same headcount.

They have no reason to suspect
that Plunkert

is actually the old man that
they're driving right by.

♪ ♪

- The Jack-in-the-Box gives
Plunkert just enough time

to track down
the CIA's greatest informant.

- Bill Plunkert
meets with Tolkachev.

They exchange packages.

And Tolkachev was able
to give the CIA

new information
that proved invaluable

to the Defense Department.

- The full story of
the Jack-in-the-Box

finally comes to light
in 2008,

in a CIA-sanctioned book.

The trick becomes a key part

of the CIA's field operation
toolkit.

- During the Cold War,
both superpowers

looked for innovative ways
to spy on each other.

But when Soviet missiles
bring down America's

spy plane program,

the US responds by taking
its cameras to new heights.

- In 1949, the Russians tested
their first A-bomb.

So the Americans need to see
what else they could be up to.

Aerial surveillance seems
to be the only answer.

But the Soviets warn
that they will shoot down

any NATO aircraft
that enters Russian airspace.

♪ ♪

- In 1960,
this threat becomes a reality

when an American U-2
is shot down

and its pilot put on trial
for espionage.

US intelligence agencies
race to find a new, safer way

to get an eye in the sky.

So they decide to
send a new camera even higher,

where they're certain
no Soviet missile

could ever reach.

- The Americans come up
with a pretty bold idea.

What if the overflights
happen from space

using a satellite-mounted
camera?

I mean, that way,
no pilots risk capture.

You have no chance
of being shot down

and there are no violations
of airspace.

- The audacious mission is
given to the newly formed

National
Reconnaissance Office,

who begin work on a series of
top-secret spy satellites.

- In 1971, this results
in the KH-9 Hexagon,

a brand new, photographic,
reconnaissance satellite.

And it's as large
as a school bus.

- The technology in the KH
satellite is groundbreaking.

- It has the primary panoramic
camera and a mapping camera.

And what that gives you
is pinpoint locations

on the ground.

- This can capture objects
2 to 3 feet wide

from a hundred miles in space.

- It's a cutting-edge
space camera

to snoop on their rivals.

But what good is a camera

if you can't get the picture
back home?

Engineers at the
Reconnaissance Office

need to transport the
camera's photographic film

from outer space,
95 miles down to Earth,

to be developed.

They devise
an ingenious solution.

- Once the photos
are taken in space,

the exposed film is stored
in four detachable buckets.

Over a period of weeks,
these are ejected into space

to carefully
drop back to Earth,

toward the Pacific Ocean.

♪ ♪

- Collecting these buckets
falls to the US Air Force,

who must play a game of catch
over the entire Pacific Ocean.

- Air Force pilots are tasked
with picking up these packages,

falling out of the sky,
before they hit the water.

Nothing like it has
been attempted before.

It's a sight to behold.

- Pilots had to fly around
and just keep an eye out

for the parachute that would
be dropping the film canister

slowly toward the ocean.

Once they saw it, their mission
was to fly over top of it

and snag the parachute with a
hook hanging under their plane.

- You're dropping a
1,500-pound metal canister

from Earth's orbit,

and then calculating
its re-entry point

with pinpoint precision.

- It's an extraordinary
airborne mission.

But when the pictures come in,
they're worth all the effort.

- When the first batch of film
is developed

from the KH-9 satellite,

one of the officers exclaims,

they never thought
it would be so good.

The imagery
gathered from this bucket

covered 2/3 of all
of the Soviet missile bases.

- Hexagon is one of
the most effective programs

of the Cold War.

Over 15 years,
19 Hexagon satellites image

over 877 million square miles
of Earth.

- Film canisters dropped
from the sky proved to be

a great way to spy,

but it's far from perfect,

as the US finds out in 1971

when pilots lose one
after a malfunction.

The answer could be another
incredible piece of technology.

♪ ♪

July 10, 1971.

The recovery team realize
they have a problem

with one of the canisters.

- The parachute failed.

[ominous music]

And it smashes into the ocean,
going 400 feet per second.

♪ ♪

- So suddenly,
there's this canister

just full of top-secret
information

stuck at the bottom of
the ocean.

♪ ♪

- This film is
critically important

because it reveals
just how high resolution

our early generation
spy satellites were

at a critical time
in the Cold War.

We just can't take the risk
of allowing this material

to fall into Soviet hands.

- The US government decide
to launch

an unprecedented
deep-sea rescue mission.

- This lost film canister
is 5 by 7 feet,

and it's buried under
16,000 feet of water.

That depth is equivalent
to 10 times the height

of the Empire State Building.

- In order to rescue this pod,
the Americans have to turn

to another
cutting-edge technology,

a submersible named Trieste II.

- For this mission,
Trieste II is armed with

a custom-built
articulating claw arm

that can retrieve
the canister.

And its nearly
4-inch-thick steel hull

can carry a three-man crew
to the sea floor.

But it's never gone this deep.

Even so,
the Navy sail the Trieste

to where they think
the canister splashed down.

- Using the bucket's trajectory
and the wind speeds,

they're able to narrow down
the search region

to a location 350 miles north
of Hawaii.

It's a strip
about a mile and a half wide

and eight miles long.

- Starboard ahead one third.
Come left 30 degrees.

- However, Trieste II
still has a vast area to scour

on the pitch-black sea floor.

- Starboard ahead one third.

- Coming left 30 degrees.

- The Trieste II is
effectively looking

for a needle in a haystack.

♪ ♪

- The Trieste launches
two unsuccessful dives.

These are incredibly
challenging and dangerous.

And there is a question
of how many more dives

are even possible.

- Finding the small film
bucket on the Pacific floor

starts to look like
an impossible task.

- Nearly a year after
the bucket is lost,

the Trieste II
makes its third dive.

♪ ♪

It's basically do or die time.

[signal static]

- Oh, Roger.

We passed a large rock.

- After descending
over the course of two hours,

Trieste II reaches
the sea floor

and begins searching.

Three and a half hours later,
they don't have anything.

♪ ♪

And then, within minutes
of having to begin

their long, arduous ascent
back to the surface,

they spot it.

♪ ♪

- Against all odds,
they've found the canister.

♪ ♪

- Using the Trieste's
articulating claw arm,

they reach out,
grab it, recover it,

and then begin their return
to the surface.

The crew of Trieste II
are ultimately commended

for having completed
the deepest navigation search

and recovery mission
in the world.

- The Trieste recovers
the photos of critical

intelligence
from the sea floor.

But more importantly,
thanks to the Trieste II,

the incredible power
of the US spy satellites

remains top secret.

And the rescue operation
will remain secret

until the CIA declassify the
astonishing details in 2012.

- The spy tech you see
in the movies

And the rescue operation
will remain secret

is often inspired
by real life events.

But in the '70s,
when the CIA in Moscow needs

the ultimate disguise to tap
into a trove of Soviet secrets,

the agency goes Hollywood.

[dramatic music]

♪ ♪

- In the late 1970s,
the CIA is actively monitoring

what's happening in Moscow
through satellite.

And they identify
a suspicious trench

that's being dug
between the Ministry of Defense

and the Nuclear
Weapons Research Institute.

- They realize they're laying
communication cables.

So this was a golden
opportunity for the CIA.

- If you could tap into the
line that's being created

between these two locations,

then that is an information
line that's carrying

some really valuable secrets.

- Closer inspection
of the route

reveals a series of manholes.

Maybe they could enter
and hack into this stream

of classified information.

♪ ♪

- Identifying a secret cable
is one thing,

but getting inside
a manhole undetected to tap it

is another thing entirely.

- Moscow is a very
difficult place to operate.

It's one of the most
heavily-surveilled locations

on the planet.

- CIA agents know they are
probably being followed

24 hours a day.

- From the moment you set
foot, as an American,

inside of Russia,
you are target number one,

enemy number one.

- To avoid KGB scrutiny,

the CIA needs
a creative solution.

They turn to
legendary CIA master

of disguise, Tony Mendez.

- My husband, Tony Mendez,

had been at the CIA
for a while.

Best-known
for the Argo operation.

He smuggled six American
civilians out of Tehran

at the height of the
Iranian Revolution.

♪ ♪

- Tony wonders
if CIA operatives could lose

their KGB tails

by totally altering
their appearances

in the blink of an eye.

[intriguing music]

- Tony Mendez was really
a revolutionary.

He devised a suit,
a quick-change suit.

- A simple pull of a Velcro
tab releases the new outfit.

It's really clever.

He also sews some vital tools
into the disguise.

- But a change of clothes
alone won't be enough

to give the KGB the slip.

Tony wants to make agents
impossible to recognize.

- Tony knew that out in Moscow,
they were very aware

of what our faces looked like.

They had photographs of
everyone that came in

and was working
for the embassy.

- You can change your
clothes very, very easily.

But you really can't change
your facial features.

- For that, Tony needs
a cutting-edge spy mask,

and turns to the
unlikeliest of places

to someone he thinks can help.

- Tony Mendez's background
was in Hollywood.

He had quite a network.

So Tony pays a visit to master
mask maker John Chambers.

♪ ♪

- John Chambers was a makeup
artist out in Hollywood.

He won an Oscar for the
"Planet of the Apes" masks.

- It soon becomes clear,
John's award-winning masks

need two big changes if
they're gonna work for spies.

- These masks that were used
in "Planet of the Apes"

would take three hours
to apply.

Well, in a life or death
situation,

when you're doing
a CIA operation,

you don't have three hours.

- Also, at this point in time,

facial masks didn't move

and they were very easy to
tell that they were fake.

- So Tony has to develop
a mask that can be taken on

and off very quickly.

The mask also has to stand up
to KGB scrutiny.

- After months of work,
the disguise is ready.

The mask can be put on
in a flash

and molds to the face
perfectly.

- You can pop them on,

and they fit in a almost
vacuum-sealed kind of way

to people's faces
so that they moved.

So you were having masks
that showed smiles,

that showed laughs,

that showed a little bit
more emotions,

and it became
a more believable disguise.

- Those masks could radically
change the way you looked.

- Now the CIA needs
to find someone

to wear their new spy mask

and tap into the Russians'
nuclear communications.

They pick a 38-year-old
CIA officer, Jim Olson.

- Jim Olson thinks is a joke,
because how on earth

am I gonna get a mask on
and off in three seconds,

get into a manhole cover,
tap into wires,

and then get out undetected?

[dramatic music]

- He soon discovers
they're deadly serious.

Olson accepts the mission
and travels to Moscow.

♪ ♪

To lose his
ever-present KGB tail,

he will need
the perfect cover scenario.

♪ ♪

- Olson's mission begins
in 1979 with a picnic.

He and his wife know
that they are under constant

KGB surveillance.

- They took some sandwiches,
some wine, a little blanket.

And then Jim, dressed
like an American diplomat,

decided to take a little stroll
into the trees.

- Jim steps around
the back of a bush.

He knows he only has
a few seconds

to transform into his disguise.

- He put on this mask.

He emerges from the park

this older,
not so well-off man.

♪ ♪

- Once Olson emerges,
he makes sure

that he has no agents
surveilling him.

And when he realizes
that he doesn't,

he knows that it's safe
to go to this manhole.

♪ ♪

- Jim Olson slips underground
and photographs

the communications cable,

allowing a second team

to develop a tech to hack it.

Sure enough,
they also use Tony's disguise

to get into the hole
to lay down their tap.

- For six years,
the CIA is able to collect

defense information,
nuclear secrets

from the Russian government.

It is not until a defector
lets the KGB know

what the CIA is doing,

that the lines
are eventually cut.

- Details of this
quick change mission

don't come out
for another 40 years,

when Tony Mendez
makes a dying request

to share his story
with the world.

The CIA give the green light.

And to this day,
Tony's disguise technology

is still used by agents
in need of a quick change.

- Intelligence services
are often willing

to recruit dubious agents.

But in 1967, the CIA takes that
a step too far,

when it enlists
a four-legged spy

with an embedded
listening device.

The mission is called
Acoustic Kitty.

[dramatic music]

- It's the '60s,

and KGB agents working
in Washington know

that their offices
are often bugged,

and the CIA suspect
that they're conducting

their top meetings outside.

So the CIA turn
to biotechnology.

- In 1961,
the R&D Department

of the Central Intelligence
Agency wants to utilize cats

as an intelligence-gathering
mechanism

to deploy them
against our Soviet adversaries.

- Household companion animals
have been militarized

at various points
in our history.

Dogs have certainly been that.

Cats have, too.

- The idea is that nobody
really pays attention to cats.

They're essentially unnoticed.

What they want to do
is have the cat

wander through sensitive
areas,

where it will just collect
intelligence as it goes.

- Unfortunately for the cat,

turning it into
an intelligence collector

involves surgery.

- It has a power pack
implanted in its abdomen,

a microphone in its ear canal,

and a 3/4-inch transmitter
at the base of the skull

with wires running
to its ears and tail,

which acts as an antenna.

Basically, you end up getting
half cat, half cyborg.

- In Washington in 1967,

the CIA's cyborg cat
gets its first deployment,

to discover if it really is
the future of spying.

- On that day in 1967,

two CIA operatives arrive
at the rendezvous point

of their KGB targets,

carrying with them the result
of six years of R&D

and a reported $15 million
of investment.

- This is the first example
of cats being used

to carry out
an espionage operation.

♪ ♪

- The cat is released
from the CIA van.

The cat starts moving
toward its target.

But after walking
a short distance,

it suddenly veers off course

and is squashed by a taxi.

It couldn't have gone
more wrong.

[dramatic music]

- It's only discovered
in 2001,

when the CIA declassify
a series

of heavily-redacted documents.

Among them, one details the
plans for a cat project.

♪ ♪

- Believe it or not, there's a
memo that emerges from the CIA

entitled,
Views on Trained Cats,

that lays out why this is not
actually a practical solution

to collect intelligence
from the Soviets.

- The CIA learns the hard way
that cats may not

have what it takes to be spies.

It doesn't stop the agency's
hunt for animal agents.

Their next recruits
don't live on land,

but have brains
larger than humans.

♪ ♪

- In the 1960s, as the
newly-released film "Flipper"

explodes in popularity,

the public has no idea
that America is looking

to the real-life flippers
to give them an edge

in the escalating Cold War.

- The clandestine
dolphin project,

known as OXYGAS,
only surfaces in 2019.

- The CIA wanted to use
their dolphins

to conduct surveillance
of enemy harbors.

Initially to the CIA,
the dolphins provide

very promising results.

[pensive music]

- But by the late 1960s,
the CIA is plowing

the modern equivalent
of $50 million a year

into the project.

And they're just not
seeing enough

spying potential to justify
their huge investment,

so they pull funding.

♪ ♪

- While the CIA dolphin's
project fails

to make the grade,
the US Navy also has

their own dolphin-training
program.

[dolphins yipping]

[chatter]

- Well, you see, whatever
the dolphin lacks in size,

it makes up in brains.

- The Department
of Defense makes a movie

titled, "The Dolphins
That Joined The Navy."

And it's all about how
we are experiencing

great success at bringing these
dolphins into Navy service.

Whereas the CIA was asking
the dolphin to do something

that it really wasn't
good at,

the Navy only asked the dolphin

to do things that it was
naturally great at.

Echolocation
and performing tasks

to receive an immediate reward,

dolphins are terrific at that.

♪ ♪

- The program continues
for decades.

The Navy takes advantage
of dolphins' incredible

natural sonar to find mines.

Emitting clicks from its head,
a dolphin can detect

a tennis-ball-sized mine
from two football fields away,

even when
they're buried under sand.

The dolphin training program
has its finest hour

in Iraq in 2003.

[tense music]

- Operation Iraqi Freedom
is underway.

Iraq doesn't have
a lot of coastline.

And the only way to
essentially transport

heavy military equipment
is over water.

- The port at Umm Qasr, which
is Iraq's only deep-sea port,

suddenly became very important.

- The Navy needed to clear
the Port of Umm Qasr.

It had been mined heavily,

and now the Navy
needed this port

for the delivery of supplies.

♪ ♪

- The Navy decides
that now is the time.

They will take a team
of dolphins trained

at the Marine Mammal Research
Facility in San Diego

and send them in.

- This crack team
of eight dolphins

zipped through the water
hunting for enemy mines.

They're trained to alert their
handlers when they find one,

but also to mark it with
an acoustic transponder.

This allows divers
to disarm it later on.

♪ ♪

- That job would have taken
an enormous amount of time

were it not for the dolphins.

The dolphins cut
the job in half.

♪ ♪

- They very successfully
cleared the port

of about a hundred mines.

[chuckles]
Everybody loves dolphins.

It's the logo of
the submarine force.

- In a remote desert location,

a team of military engineers

are testing a piece
of advanced spy tech.

This highly-classified
tech program

will accidentally inspire
a long-running mystery.

[suspenseful music]

♪ ♪

- This is a very
technologically

advanced program.

So secret that the
individuals working on it

don't know
what they're working on.

Nearly everyone
on this program are told

that they're working on
meteorological equipment.

Even the code name, Mogul,
is classified.

♪ ♪

- Project Mogul is being built
to keep the US in the lead

of the nuclear arms race.

♪ ♪

- As far as
the Americans know,

the Soviets don't have
the technology

to build the atomic bomb.

But they also know that
it's only a matter of time

before they do.

- The Soviet Union is filled
with these vast wildernesses.

The Americans are concerned
that they're gonna be able

to test these weapons
in total secrecy.

This is in an age where

we can't get over
the Soviet Union undetected.

So they have to come up
with an idea

on how to monitor the Soviets
as they test nuclear weapons.

♪ ♪

- The answer comes from
a renowned US geophysicist

and oceanographer,

who claims he can make tech

that can listen
for the Soviet tests.

- Dr. W. Maurice Ewing is
convinced sound channels exist

at high altitudes,
which could be used

to detect nuclear explosions.

[dramatic music]

His idea gets the attention
of US Air Force officials,

who authorize
a top-secret research effort

called Project Mogul.

- The concept is simple,
to place microphones

eight and a half miles
in the air

in the aerial sound channel

to listen
for nuclear detonations.

- The idea may be simple,

but the execution is not.

- The Americans have to
figure out how to get these

microphones up to altitude,
70,000, 100,000 feet,

and stay up there
for a very long time.

- Dr. Ewing thinks
the answer is to float them

using helium balloons.

- Helium balloons
don't make any sound.

They can stay aloft
for days at a time.

And they don't need
any fuel or a crew.

They're basically
the perfect autonomous vehicle.

- In 1947, the Mogul team
head into the desert

to begin the secret testing
of these balloons

and the cutting-edge audio
spy tech they will carry.

- The payload equipment,
sound monitors,

ballast, and batteries,
they all hung below.

This stretches up to
600 feet from tip to tail,

which is twice as tall
as the Statue of Liberty.

- Rising to 45,000 feet,
balloons can withstand

temperature fluctuations
of up to 160 degrees Fahrenheit

and winds of over
30 miles per hour.

[wind swishing]

- It takes just one accident

for this top-secret program

to ignite an enduring mystery.

♪ ♪

- There's one problem.

These balloons cannot
always be controlled.

They don't always go
where you want them to.

And sometimes they crash.

[ominous music]

♪ ♪

- In June 1947, a rancher
stumbles upon strange,

mangled, high-tech
metallic debris.

The rancher brings a sample
of the wreckage

to a nearby Army airfield.

- When the airfield
public affairs officer

releases a statement
about the debris,

he has no idea about
the Air Force's Mogul program.

He says there is a flying disk
among the debris

now being analyzed
at a nearby airfield.

It is called Roswell.

♪ ♪

- Headlines around
the world appear,

"UFO, Roswell, New Mexico."

[tense music]

- The Air Force is thrilled.

It needs a cover
for these balloons,

and alien spacecraft
are as good a cover as any.

- As a result,
Roswell, New Mexico,

has become synonymous
with UFOs,

and still is today.

- No one connects the dots
for nearly five decades.

The truth is only
revealed in 1995,

when an investigation into
the Roswell UFO incident

makes the link to the
top-secret balloon program.

For the military,
the alien invasion cover story

is a huge success,

but the project is not.

Mogul's use of balloons
to detect A-bombs

proves a failure.

♪ ♪

- In the new millennium,

British agents face
an old problem--

how to communicate with
Russian assets in Moscow.

They devise
a new piece of spy tech,

placing it in something so dull
no one would look at it twice.

[tense music]

- In the mid-2000s, the British
were still running assets

in Russia to keep tabs
on military,

nuclear, and geopolitical
developments out there.

The problem is they're living
in a city covered in CCTV.

- Moscow now is a 24-hour,
7-day-a-week CCTV city.

And so the British
Secret Service

need to figure out a more
covert way to communicate.

- If anything goes wrong, it
could put their Russian assets

in mortal danger.

♪ ♪

- The answer is a simple
but brilliantly effective

piece of spy tech that
can hide in plain sight--

a fake, hollowed-out rock.

- The spy rock
is designed to be

a modern upgrade of the
classic espionage technique,

the dead letter drop.

- The dead letter drop
was always a tool

that spies could use
to keep themselves safe.

It allowed one officer to drop
a letter in a secret place

and another officer to pick
it up at a different time,

essentially separating
the two officers.

With the spy rock,
it completely changed the game.

- Costing several million
dollars to develop,

with a state of the art
radio transmitter receiver,

which has a range
of up to 65 feet.

It's also got a battery
lifespan of up to three months

and is strong enough
to withstand a fall

from a building
nine stories high.

- It's the dead letter drop
of the digital age.

- The way it works is
an agent for the British

will walk past the rock
and remotely upload data

to the device within it,
and then disappear

into the streets of Moscow.

Later on,
that agent's handler will

download the data remotely.

- Meaning,
they never have to leave

incriminating material that
could be found by the Russians.

- So the program is rolled out

and it's a success.

Information is exchanged.

The secrecy of the program
is maintained,

until disaster strikes.

♪ ♪

- In January 2006,
the Russian state TV

broadcasts a news report

that the British Secret
Service have been dreading.

- There's a report showing
a video of a man in Moscow.

He walks down a street, slows,

and glances down at a rock

before walking away.

A while later, another man
walks by and picks it up.

♪ ♪

- The Russians
were actively surveilling

people of interest.

And what they found
was a pattern

where these individuals
would behave a certain way

around a rock on the streets.

So the Russians put
a hidden camera

to observe anyone walking past.

And that's how they
discovered the evidence

that the rock was, in fact,
a technical dead drop.

- They are identified
as British embassy staff.

And this video is pointed to
as evidence of espionage.

Britain's ambassador in
Moscow denies any wrongdoing.

- This severely challenges
diplomatic relations

between Russia and the UK.

But in an unexpected twist,

Putin doesn't kick the guilty
agents out of Russia.

- Putin makes a public joke
that he doesn't want

to expel them,
because if he did,

the British might send smarter,

more capable officers
in their place.

- The British government
maintains its innocence

until 2012.

In a TV interview
with the BBC,

a former government
chief of staff admits

the spy rock allegations.

- The spy rock
was embarrassing.

They--I mean,
they had us bang to rights.

Clearly, they'd known about it
for some time

and had been saving it up
for a political purpose.

- Despite Russia's public
outrage at the spy rock,

it seems that, at least,
some of its spies

were impressed with
the British ingenuity.

- In 2021, despite its outrage
at the spy rock incident,

Russia unveils its own version
of the same technology.

♪ ♪

It's revealed to the world
just months

before the full-scale
invasion of Ukraine.

♪ ♪

- Opening files on the secret
world of spy tech

reveals that cutting-edge
innovation is always

a crucial part
of intelligence gathering,

one that can be the key
to success.

I'm David Duchovny.

Thanks for watching
"Secrets Declassified."

♪ ♪