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- Hello, I'm Dale Earnhardt Jr.
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As many of you know, cars
are very important to me.
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They've been my passion,
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they provided my livelihood,
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and they've captured
my imagination.
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Cars are also the backbone
of what America was built on,
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industry, innovation,
and inspiration.
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This evening along
with History,
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I'm proud to present
to you the epic story
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of the most American
of machines,
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from the industry's
earliest pioneers,
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to the innovators who
shaped its glory years,
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this is the story of how
the car made America.
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- [Narrator] As the
20th century dawns,
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the modern world
is being created.
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(dramatic music)
(train whistle blowing)
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Industries like railroads,
steel, and oil begin to emerge
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and the United States
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is at the forefront
of this modernization.
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Now the third largest
and fastest-growing
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country in the world,
its 45 states span
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the vast North
American continent,
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but the travel
remains difficult.
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And most Americans never venture
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more than 50 miles from home.
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(dramatic music)
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A new innovation was
about to change all that.
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In just 50 years, two billion
miles of paved roadways
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will intertwine the country
connecting its cities,
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its small towns, and its people.
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(dramatic music)
(engines roaring)
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As Ford,
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Chevrolet,
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Dodge,
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and Chrysler,
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become household names that
will forever shape the country.
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(muffled chatter)
(dramatic resonating booming)
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(flashbulbs crackle)
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- There are 15
million Ford Model Ts
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scattered around the globe.
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This car lays a trail
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for the entire
automobile industry.
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Times may be changing, but
here at Ford Motor Company,
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things don't change.
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- [All] Ford, Ford!
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- [Narrator] The Ford Motor
Company will become the
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greatest car maker the
world has ever known
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and one man will dominate
the cutthroat industry.
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(glass shattering)
(dramatic music)
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But 38-year-old Henry Ford,
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wasn't always a success.
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- Come on, Edsel.
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Don't bother your father.
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- Henry Ford learned
how hard it was
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to build a car
and a car company.
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He created the Henry Ford
Company and it did not go well.
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Quite simply, he failed.
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- It's odd to remember that
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he put two companies
out of business
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before he finally
found his footing.
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(intense music)
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- Here is a man with
very little money
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who was going to be considered
a failure in his 30s,
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and he was willing to risk his
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livelihood, his
reputation, and his future.
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That's an enormous
level of risk.
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- [Narrator] German
engineer Karl Benz
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creates the first gas
powered automobile in 1886.
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Seven years later, the
first American car is made,
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but after nearly a decade,
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cars still aren't
catching on in America.
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- The original cars could
cost $7,000 in 1900 money
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and that would be the
equivalent of $100,000 today.
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Well, ordinary people in
those days couldn't buy them.
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- Very often, you would
see movie stars and others
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who would use automobiles
to sort of demonstrate
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that they're someone in society
and they've got the ability
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to afford these
kinds of luxuries.
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- [Narrator] Speed
was the primary focus
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of early car makers.
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- In the early 1900s,
people were uncertain
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about the utility of the cars
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or their ability to endure
different conditions
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and so many of automobile
manufacturers engaged in races
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to show the
durability of the car,
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the capability of the car,
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and people slowly, slowly
jumped on the bandwagon.
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- [Narrator] Ford sees
an opportunity in racing
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as a way to draw
attention to his cars.
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- Henry was adamant
to not let the failure
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of the Henry Ford
Company define him,
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but he had to change
that perception.
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(dramatic music)
(engine rumbling)
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He saw an opportunity
to run in a race
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against the best
race car driver,
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and arguably, the best car,
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designed, built, and
driven by Alexander Winton.
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(dramatic music)
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- [Narrator] But Henry
Ford has never even been
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behind the wheel of
a race car before.
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- It's funny to think, too,
like, a guy like Henry Ford,
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he only drove in one
race in his life.
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So here's a guy that was
a brilliant engineer,
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who was a great marketer,
and on top of that,
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he actually was a
race car driver.
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So you needed to be a
multi-faceted person
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back then to be successful.
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(dramatic music)
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- [Narrator] Still,
he knows that beating
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the most famous
driver in America
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will land him on the front page.
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- When this race came up,
he saw it as an opportunity
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to build his brand
and hopefully to
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raise funding in his
new motor company,
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the Ford Motor Company.
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(engines roaring)
(dramatic music)
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- [Narrator] Winton's car
has tripled the horsepower...
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(dramatic music)
(engines roaring)
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But Ford's car is more reliable.
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- Alexander Winton's
car was so much faster
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than Henry Ford's car,
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but then Alexander Winton's
car started to fail,
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as a lot of cars did,
with an ignition fail.
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(dramatic music)
(engines roaring)
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- [Narrator] Ford
narrowly wins the race.
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- Henry Ford won the
race as an innovator
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and it was because his
ability to create a car
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that wasn't the fastest but
had the most reliability
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and the best endurance
that investors
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flocked to him
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- Ford, from the very beginning,
wanted to be the best.
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He had the kind of ambition
and the kind of obsessiveness
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and the kind of single-minded
focus that it takes
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to become preeminent
in your field.
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His vision was always
straight ahead.
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Henry Ford was eerily
reminiscent of Steve Jobs.
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- Henry Ford had this vision
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of building cars
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that eventually
everybody could own
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and this vision of an America
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where everybody
could have mobility.
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He wanted to make things
that would improve
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the lives of ordinary Americans.
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(dramatic music) ??
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- [Narrator] Cars are the
technology of the future
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and many wanted a piece
of the new industry.
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- If you go back to the
turn of the century,
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500 different
companies were building
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an automobile in some
shape or fashion.
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But there were more failures
than there were successes.
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- The early days
of the automobile
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were all about competition,
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competition not only
to build the best car,
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but who could build it
in large enough scale
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to become king of the hill?
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- One thing these
different manufacturers
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all have in common
is that bulldog,
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I'm not scared of nothing feel
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that I have to gamble
to make it happen
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but they weren't afraid to fail.
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(wheels rattling)
(low music)
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- [Narrator] One of
Ford's biggest competitors
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sees an opportunity
to create a monopoly,
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like what's happened with
the powerful steel...
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(metal clanging)
(upbeat music)
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And oil industries.
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(low music)
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- Nash!
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What's taking so long?
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I need to see those quarterlies
before the market closes.
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- They're all here , Mr. Durant.
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- (sighs) Very good.
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- [Narrator] Unlike Henry
Ford, William Durant
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comes from wealth and privilege,
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the grandson of the
governor of Michigan.
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He drops out of high
school and founds
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his first company at 20.
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- Durant was kind of the
black sheep of the family,
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but he was a natural salesman.
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- [Narrator] By 40, Durant
is a multi-millionaire
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making his fortune
in horse carriages.
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Travel is evolving.
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(train whistle blowing)
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But even as thousands
of miles of train tracks
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are laid across the country...
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(train whistle blowing)
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Horses are still the most
common mode of transportation.
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The problem is cars and
horses don't mix well.
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Some cities even
require flag men on foot
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to warn nervous
horses and pedestrians
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of the approaching cars,
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and horses cause
another problem.
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In 1900, over 2 million
pounds of horse manure
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land on the streets of
New York City daily.
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- What do you do with
all the horse dung
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and all the horse urine?
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Big cities in America stank.
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They stank like barn yards.
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And aside from this,
there was the problem
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of horses dying on the street,
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and what do you do
with the dead horses?
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- [Narrator] Travel
by horse is also slow.
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A trip from Chicago to
Kansas City takes two weeks.
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Durant senses America
will soon embrace the car
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and the freedom it will bring,
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so he liquidates his fortune
to fund acquisitions.
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- Durant always
saw things in ways
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that other people didn't see.
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He could see the future
of any kind of product.
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- [Narrator] He sets his sights
on a struggling automaker,
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the Buick Motor Company.
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- Buick had vision as well,
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but he had very little
operating knowledge.
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He was a very poor manager.
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As a result, you
have a very good car
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but he was unable to
sell his car effectively.
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- When Durant bought Buick,
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he knew that the
car was a good car
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and with his salesmanship,
he could really produce.
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He could sell anything.
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He could sell you your
shirt off your back
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and make you feel very happy
and thankful for paying for it.
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- [Narrator] While Durant
is buying his way in,
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Henry Ford is building his
company from the ground up.
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- Henry Ford was the type of guy
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that made some really aggressive
moves that would scare the
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you-know-what out
of most people.
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- [Narrator] Ford knows
this is his last shot
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at success in the car industry,
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so he sets his sights on
teaming up with two of
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Detroit's rising stars.
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00:13:06,450 --> 00:13:10,050
(dramatic music)
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- John and Horace Dodge.
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I noticed your work.
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(dramatic music)
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- [Narrator] The 20th
century begins with
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America's pioneering
spirit changing the world.
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(airplane rumbling)
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The Wright brothers have
made the impossible possible
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with the invention
of the airplane.
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00:13:36,390 --> 00:13:40,860
Another innovation, the car,
is not catching on quickly
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but two men are
trying to change that.
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William Durant,
who's made a fortune
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building horse-drawn carriages,
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00:13:51,410 --> 00:13:55,580
is turning to a new industry
he thinks he can control,
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while Henry Ford,
a two-time failure,
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is going all in on his dream
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to transform America into
a country of car drivers.
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00:14:09,920 --> 00:14:11,920
- John and Horace Dodge.
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Henry Ford.
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- [Narrator] To do so,
he needs the talents
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of the two best mechanical
minds in Detroit.
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- [Henry] I noticed your work
254
00:14:28,910 --> 00:14:29,740
- And?
255
00:14:31,750 --> 00:14:33,250
- Admirable design.
256
00:14:34,680 --> 00:14:37,420
- There was a ton of competition
in the automotive industry
257
00:14:37,520 --> 00:14:38,990
at the turn of the century.
258
00:14:39,090 --> 00:14:40,650
You needed to be the
manufacturer that had
259
00:14:40,760 --> 00:14:43,820
the mechanics that
had the next idea.
260
00:14:43,930 --> 00:14:45,760
- [Narrator] The Dodge
Brothers become known for their
261
00:14:45,860 --> 00:14:47,830
work in the bicycle business
262
00:14:47,930 --> 00:14:50,730
with a simple yet
ingenious invention,
263
00:14:50,830 --> 00:14:53,270
the dirt-proof ball bearing.
264
00:14:54,440 --> 00:14:57,840
Bikes, like early cars,
travel mostly on dirt roads,
265
00:14:57,940 --> 00:14:59,940
exposed to the elements.
266
00:15:01,540 --> 00:15:03,980
Their invention,
housing two sets
267
00:15:04,080 --> 00:15:06,650
of enclosed lubricated
ball bearings,
268
00:15:06,750 --> 00:15:10,650
keeps the axle spinning,
protecting it from debris,
269
00:15:10,750 --> 00:15:14,920
a simple concept that can be
applied to early automobiles
270
00:15:16,760 --> 00:15:20,760
As their skills evolve, the
Dodges are in high demand.
271
00:15:22,200 --> 00:15:24,330
- Their reputation
spread very quickly and
272
00:15:24,430 --> 00:15:26,830
that's when Ransom Olds
had entered into a contract
273
00:15:26,940 --> 00:15:31,440
to produce transmissions
and axles for Oldsmobile,
274
00:15:31,540 --> 00:15:33,010
and that gave them the start.
275
00:15:33,110 --> 00:15:34,710
That's when the money
started to flow in
276
00:15:34,780 --> 00:15:37,380
and their reputation
continued to explode,
277
00:15:37,480 --> 00:15:40,710
in terms of the
quality of their work.
278
00:15:42,650 --> 00:15:44,120
- I'm here to offer
you the chance to do
279
00:15:44,220 --> 00:15:46,220
something revolutionary.
280
00:15:49,290 --> 00:15:52,660
I want you to come
and work for me.
281
00:15:52,760 --> 00:15:57,500
And I will pay
you $250 a chassis
282
00:15:57,600 --> 00:15:59,730
and give you complete
creative freedom.
283
00:15:59,830 --> 00:16:01,670
(upbeat music)
284
00:16:01,770 --> 00:16:02,670
- [Narrator] Ford
offers the Dodges
285
00:16:02,770 --> 00:16:05,170
what no other car maker has,
286
00:16:05,270 --> 00:16:09,210
a true partnership and
a 10% ownership stake.
287
00:16:09,310 --> 00:16:11,080
- The Dodge Brothers,
they already had
288
00:16:11,180 --> 00:16:14,050
a pretty lucrative
contract with Oldsmobile.
289
00:16:14,150 --> 00:16:18,680
- They did a really good job
of developing their engines.
290
00:16:18,790 --> 00:16:20,590
And they came up
with a suggestion
291
00:16:20,690 --> 00:16:23,620
that Olds looked
at and rejected.
292
00:16:23,730 --> 00:16:27,730
So they didn't think that he
would be as successful as Ford.
293
00:16:31,330 --> 00:16:32,770
- We can do that.
294
00:16:33,900 --> 00:16:34,930
- Excellent.
295
00:16:36,040 --> 00:16:38,870
- You got yourself a deal.
- Very good.
296
00:16:38,970 --> 00:16:41,010
- Let me show you
something we're working on.
297
00:16:41,110 --> 00:16:41,840
- [Henry] I'd love it.
298
00:16:41,940 --> 00:16:44,010
(upbeat country music)
299
00:16:44,110 --> 00:16:45,410
- They would never
have come together if
300
00:16:45,510 --> 00:16:48,680
they hadn't both respected
and fully understood
301
00:16:48,780 --> 00:16:51,680
the other's mastery
of their craft.
302
00:16:52,790 --> 00:16:55,820
And the relationship
between Ford and the Dodges
303
00:16:55,920 --> 00:16:59,690
was entirely mutually
beneficial, at first.
304
00:17:03,730 --> 00:17:06,270
(upbeat music)
305
00:17:08,970 --> 00:17:12,310
- [Narrator] To join forces
with Ford, the Dodge Brothers
306
00:17:12,410 --> 00:17:16,610
leave the country's leading
car maker, Oldsmobile.
307
00:17:17,680 --> 00:17:21,580
- The Oldsmobile little
Runabout was an enormous success
308
00:17:21,680 --> 00:17:24,320
for the first five years
of the 20th century.
309
00:17:24,420 --> 00:17:28,220
It was basically a buggy that
had a motor attached to it.
310
00:17:28,320 --> 00:17:29,560
- [Narrator] The curved dash
311
00:17:29,620 --> 00:17:33,590
makes Oldsmobile America's
number one car maker.
312
00:17:39,330 --> 00:17:43,640
Oldsmobile's success gains the
attention of William Durant
313
00:17:43,740 --> 00:17:46,570
who is looking for
more companies.
314
00:17:47,980 --> 00:17:52,240
He buys up Oldsmobile and
another car maker, Cadillac,
315
00:17:53,750 --> 00:17:56,150
adding them to his
growing conglomerate.
316
00:17:56,250 --> 00:17:57,520
- The fact that he
was able to take
317
00:17:57,620 --> 00:18:00,650
all these little car
companies and all of a sudden,
318
00:18:00,760 --> 00:18:04,760
he had a company that
people paid attention to.
319
00:18:04,860 --> 00:18:06,660
- [Narrator] Durant
now has the beginnings
320
00:18:06,760 --> 00:18:09,060
of an automotive monopoly.
321
00:18:09,160 --> 00:18:12,160
He calls his company
General Motors.
322
00:18:15,970 --> 00:18:18,170
But as Durant's
company gets larger,
323
00:18:18,270 --> 00:18:20,840
so does his number one problem,
324
00:18:20,940 --> 00:18:23,340
car patent holder
325
00:18:24,280 --> 00:18:26,310
George Seldon,
326
00:18:26,410 --> 00:18:27,810
the man who sues
anyone who dares to
327
00:18:27,920 --> 00:18:30,980
make a car without paying him.
328
00:18:31,090 --> 00:18:35,650
- George Seldon was a patent
attorney who, in 1879,
329
00:18:35,760 --> 00:18:37,660
decided he wanted to
build an automobile,
330
00:18:37,760 --> 00:18:40,060
without much success.
331
00:18:40,160 --> 00:18:41,490
Well, then he thought
it'd be a nice idea
332
00:18:41,600 --> 00:18:43,000
to patent the automobile,
333
00:18:43,100 --> 00:18:46,900
and he claimed that
he owned the right
334
00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:49,740
to every single internal
combustion vehicle
335
00:18:49,840 --> 00:18:51,970
made in America.
336
00:18:52,770 --> 00:18:55,470
- George Seldon got
a pioneer patent.
337
00:18:55,580 --> 00:18:59,510
Pioneer patents said that
anyone who copied not just
338
00:18:59,610 --> 00:19:03,850
your idea but anything even
remotely like your idea,
339
00:19:03,950 --> 00:19:05,720
anything that
achieved the same end
340
00:19:05,820 --> 00:19:07,690
had to pay you royalties.
341
00:19:07,760 --> 00:19:10,660
It's as if Bill Gates
got a patent which
342
00:19:10,760 --> 00:19:13,630
covered all software
for personal computers,
343
00:19:13,730 --> 00:19:16,730
it doesn't matter
what the code is.
344
00:19:19,100 --> 00:19:22,400
- [Narrator] Durant pays
Seldon a total of $1 million,
345
00:19:22,500 --> 00:19:24,400
worth 27 million today.
346
00:19:25,640 --> 00:19:28,040
- It's amazing how all
the auto manufacturers
347
00:19:28,140 --> 00:19:29,680
lay down for him.
348
00:19:30,780 --> 00:19:33,510
They all caved and said,
all right Mr. Seldon,
349
00:19:33,610 --> 00:19:35,710
yes, sir, it's your idea.
350
00:19:35,820 --> 00:19:38,380
Now, they all must have
known this was ridiculous
351
00:19:38,490 --> 00:19:41,550
but they didn't want to
take the financial risk
352
00:19:41,660 --> 00:19:44,290
of having a case
go against them.
353
00:19:45,730 --> 00:19:46,630
- [Telegram Delivery Man]
Mr. Henry Ford?
354
00:19:46,730 --> 00:19:48,930
- Yeah.
- Telegram for you.
355
00:19:50,730 --> 00:19:54,730
(mellow music)
(indistinct chatter)
356
00:19:57,770 --> 00:20:01,610
- George Seldon thinks
he can steal from me.
357
00:20:03,510 --> 00:20:06,650
- Henry, that's the
cost of doing business.
358
00:20:06,750 --> 00:20:09,750
(dramatic music)
359
00:20:16,160 --> 00:20:19,460
- [Henry] This is what I
think of George Seldon.
360
00:20:19,560 --> 00:20:22,390
(dramatic music)
361
00:20:29,400 --> 00:20:32,370
- Another one of Ford's
great business traits
362
00:20:32,470 --> 00:20:36,740
was utter stubbornness and
a total belief in yourself.
363
00:20:37,750 --> 00:20:40,250
Many of the independent
car makers caved
364
00:20:40,350 --> 00:20:42,310
to the Seldon patent group.
365
00:20:42,420 --> 00:20:43,920
- Get back to work.
366
00:20:45,620 --> 00:20:48,420
- Ford refused and
he went to war.
367
00:20:51,390 --> 00:20:53,990
- Seldon finally
caught up to me.
368
00:20:54,100 --> 00:20:56,900
I got a letter telling
me to cease and desist
369
00:20:56,960 --> 00:20:58,960
or else pay him royalties.
370
00:20:59,070 --> 00:21:01,130
- [Clara] Can you
afford to pay him?
371
00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:03,040
- That's not the point.
372
00:21:03,140 --> 00:21:06,640
It's my name on those
cars, not Seldon's.
373
00:21:08,740 --> 00:21:11,940
I'm done being pushed around.
374
00:21:12,050 --> 00:21:14,810
(dramatic music)
375
00:21:20,420 --> 00:21:22,790
- [Narrator] Undeterred,
Ford and the Dodge Brothers'
376
00:21:22,890 --> 00:21:27,060
first design is a two cylinder,
eight horsepower Model A.
377
00:21:28,130 --> 00:21:31,200
But they sell only 700 of them.
378
00:21:31,300 --> 00:21:33,600
- Ford started off
with his Model A.
379
00:21:33,700 --> 00:21:37,800
The Model A was not a
particularly effective car.
380
00:21:39,810 --> 00:21:41,540
- [Narrator] They
continue working their way
381
00:21:41,640 --> 00:21:45,510
through the alphabet,
382
00:21:45,610 --> 00:21:47,650
experimenting to find
the right balance
383
00:21:47,750 --> 00:21:52,150
between price,
durability, and innovation,
384
00:21:52,250 --> 00:21:54,720
getting closer and
closer to Ford's vision
385
00:21:54,790 --> 00:21:58,820
of the perfect motor
car for the masses.
386
00:21:58,930 --> 00:22:01,490
- Henry Ford's culture
was that he understood
387
00:22:01,600 --> 00:22:03,500
the common man's needs.
388
00:22:04,370 --> 00:22:07,270
It was to have a simple
machine that was reliable
389
00:22:07,370 --> 00:22:10,600
and got the job done
for the average man,
390
00:22:10,710 --> 00:22:13,540
and that was Henry
Ford's vision.
391
00:22:15,110 --> 00:22:17,610
- [Narrator] William Durant
continues his buying spree,
392
00:22:17,710 --> 00:22:22,050
adding Oakland Motor Company,
which becomes Pontiac.
393
00:22:22,150 --> 00:22:24,250
GM now owns 11 car makers
394
00:22:25,220 --> 00:22:28,390
and Durant is on the
lookout for more.
395
00:22:29,620 --> 00:22:32,790
- The legacy for Billy
Durant is that he created
396
00:22:32,890 --> 00:22:36,060
what nobody else had ever
created before with that
397
00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:38,730
multi-brand huge conglomerate.
398
00:22:39,630 --> 00:22:40,770
I consider him to be
399
00:22:40,870 --> 00:22:44,640
the first big thinker in
the automobile industry.
400
00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:51,640
(upbeat music)
(engine rumbling)
401
00:22:51,750 --> 00:22:54,410
- [Narrator] Meanwhile, Ford
and the Dodge Brothers continue
402
00:22:54,480 --> 00:22:56,720
their pursuit of perfection.
403
00:22:58,220 --> 00:23:00,320
- Henry Ford had so
much trial and error.
404
00:23:00,420 --> 00:23:04,290
He failed so many times and
succeeded so many times.
405
00:23:04,390 --> 00:23:08,790
He didn't learn without failing
and so he learned a ton.
406
00:23:08,900 --> 00:23:11,730
(engine rumbling)
407
00:23:24,550 --> 00:23:27,650
- So what do you think of it?
408
00:23:27,750 --> 00:23:30,580
(dramatic music)
409
00:23:35,760 --> 00:23:36,860
- It's perfect.
410
00:23:38,290 --> 00:23:39,330
- [Narrator] After five years
411
00:23:39,430 --> 00:23:42,130
of missteps and
moderate success,
412
00:23:42,230 --> 00:23:45,030
they have a design that finally
lives up to Ford's vision
413
00:23:45,130 --> 00:23:46,930
of what America wants,
414
00:23:47,800 --> 00:23:50,940
price, quality and durability:
415
00:23:51,040 --> 00:23:52,300
(intense music)
416
00:23:52,410 --> 00:23:53,370
the Model T.
417
00:23:53,470 --> 00:23:55,170
(intense music)
418
00:23:55,280 --> 00:23:57,780
- We're ready to share it
with the world.
419
00:23:57,880 --> 00:24:00,710
(intense music)
420
00:24:07,300 --> 00:24:09,230
By 1908, America is
421
00:24:09,330 --> 00:24:12,430
the most modern
country in the world.
422
00:24:13,470 --> 00:24:16,070
Rail lines crisscross
the continent,
423
00:24:16,170 --> 00:24:19,710
connecting people
over vast expanses.
424
00:24:19,810 --> 00:24:21,880
But the rising car business
425
00:24:21,980 --> 00:24:26,210
is about to change the country
in ways no one expects.
426
00:24:28,050 --> 00:24:30,080
William Durant's
General Motors is
427
00:24:30,190 --> 00:24:33,890
spending millions
assembling an empire
428
00:24:33,990 --> 00:24:37,390
- Billy Durant bought up
a number of car companies
429
00:24:37,490 --> 00:24:40,160
and his idea was to have
each of these companies
430
00:24:40,260 --> 00:24:42,760
specialize in a different
aspect of the market.
431
00:24:42,870 --> 00:24:45,170
some will do luxury
cars like Cadillac
432
00:24:45,270 --> 00:24:47,730
and some would do the
cheaper cars like Buick
433
00:24:47,840 --> 00:24:49,670
but for what Durant
wanted to do,
434
00:24:49,770 --> 00:24:52,110
he needed a lot of capital.
435
00:24:52,210 --> 00:24:53,910
- [Narrator] Now
at 11 companies,
436
00:24:54,010 --> 00:24:55,780
including Buick,
437
00:24:55,880 --> 00:24:57,310
Cadillac,
438
00:24:57,410 --> 00:24:59,010
and Oldsmobile,
439
00:24:59,110 --> 00:25:01,280
General Motors is massive.
440
00:25:05,720 --> 00:25:08,020
Henry Ford and his
partners the Dodge Brothers
441
00:25:08,120 --> 00:25:10,360
are taking a different approach,
442
00:25:10,460 --> 00:25:13,990
building their company
from the ground up,
443
00:25:14,900 --> 00:25:16,960
and after five years
of trial and error,
444
00:25:17,070 --> 00:25:19,600
their vision of a
car for the everyman
445
00:25:19,700 --> 00:25:22,840
is finally ready to be revealed.
446
00:25:22,940 --> 00:25:26,040
(engine rumbling)
447
00:25:26,140 --> 00:25:30,140
The Model T is a revolution
in auto engineering.
448
00:25:31,280 --> 00:25:34,550
At just 1,200 pounds,
nearly three thousand
449
00:25:34,650 --> 00:25:37,380
less than the average car today,
450
00:25:37,490 --> 00:25:40,950
the T features a
two-speed transmission.
451
00:25:42,060 --> 00:25:44,190
Where most cars of
the time shift gears
452
00:25:44,290 --> 00:25:46,860
with complicated hand
levers, the Model T
453
00:25:46,960 --> 00:25:48,200
is the first mass-produced car
454
00:25:48,300 --> 00:25:51,300
to offer something much easier,
455
00:25:51,400 --> 00:25:52,870
foot pedals that control
456
00:25:52,970 --> 00:25:55,970
brakes, clutch,
forward, and reverse.
457
00:25:57,110 --> 00:25:58,740
The design is a precursor
458
00:25:58,840 --> 00:26:01,910
to the automatic
transmission system.
459
00:26:03,850 --> 00:26:07,550
It's simple, reliable,
and affordable,
460
00:26:07,650 --> 00:26:12,190
three things America has
been waiting for in a car.
461
00:26:12,290 --> 00:26:15,820
The Model T is the realization
of Ford's unique vision
462
00:26:15,920 --> 00:26:18,930
and the Dodge
Brothers' engineering.
463
00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:24,600
At just $850, $18,000 today,
464
00:26:25,900 --> 00:26:28,770
Ford sells over 10,000
in the first year.
465
00:26:31,610 --> 00:26:35,780
(upbeat music)
(engine rumbling)
466
00:26:55,160 --> 00:26:57,730
- The Model T was an
amazing invention,
467
00:26:57,830 --> 00:27:00,030
something that really
changed the game.
468
00:27:00,140 --> 00:27:03,040
And yet, it's amazing
on how simplistic the
469
00:27:03,140 --> 00:27:06,070
actual design of the vehicle is.
470
00:27:06,170 --> 00:27:08,540
- [Narrator] Though
simple, the Model T
471
00:27:08,640 --> 00:27:10,910
is the right car for
a country with only
472
00:27:11,010 --> 00:27:14,150
a few hundred miles
of paved roads.
473
00:27:14,250 --> 00:27:17,150
- If you look at a
Model T, it's an SUV.
474
00:27:17,250 --> 00:27:20,250
You have a higher
center of gravity.
475
00:27:20,360 --> 00:27:21,550
You sit higher.
476
00:27:21,660 --> 00:27:23,920
It's meant to go on road
as well as off-road,
477
00:27:24,030 --> 00:27:28,430
so the Model T, to me, was
the first really popular SUV.
478
00:27:28,530 --> 00:27:30,900
- What Ford was looking for
in the automobile industry
479
00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:34,430
was true innovation,
and a genuine innovation
480
00:27:34,540 --> 00:27:38,270
is something that meets a
need you didn't know you had.
481
00:27:38,370 --> 00:27:41,740
And his insight was, if we
make these things cheap enough,
482
00:27:41,840 --> 00:27:45,210
people who never thought
they could buy them
483
00:27:45,310 --> 00:27:47,110
will want to buy them.
484
00:27:52,620 --> 00:27:54,820
- What Ford had
with the Model T was
485
00:27:54,920 --> 00:27:58,460
something that was a
utility for the masses.
486
00:28:01,960 --> 00:28:04,830
- Once it was available,
everybody wanted a Model T.
487
00:28:04,930 --> 00:28:09,540
Don't ask people to imagine
something they don't have.
488
00:28:09,640 --> 00:28:11,000
What you do is you build it,
489
00:28:11,110 --> 00:28:13,670
and if it works,
you're a success.
490
00:28:13,780 --> 00:28:17,940
- [Narrator] The Model T
ignites America's car obsession.
491
00:28:19,720 --> 00:28:22,880
- It's hard to imagine
now just how much
492
00:28:22,990 --> 00:28:26,690
the Model T influences
the country at that time.
493
00:28:26,790 --> 00:28:29,890
It was more than just a
technical achievement.
494
00:28:29,990 --> 00:28:32,630
It was a real social revolution.
495
00:28:34,330 --> 00:28:37,900
- [Narrator] In just two
years, the Model T doubles
496
00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:40,500
the number of cars on the road.
497
00:28:41,940 --> 00:28:46,510
- The Model T changed entirely
the way Americans live,
498
00:28:46,610 --> 00:28:49,980
from paved roads to
how we think and act.
499
00:28:51,350 --> 00:28:52,880
- [Narrator] The
car is also changing
500
00:28:52,980 --> 00:28:54,910
the landscape of America.
501
00:28:55,920 --> 00:28:59,920
In Detroit, the world's
first stop sign appears.
502
00:29:00,990 --> 00:29:04,860
Lane markings, traffic
signals, and paved roads
503
00:29:04,960 --> 00:29:08,760
allow new car buyers to
travel wherever they want.
504
00:29:08,860 --> 00:29:12,870
- There is no country
on earth that is so big
505
00:29:12,930 --> 00:29:15,740
that has ever developed such an
506
00:29:15,840 --> 00:29:18,240
extensive network of highways.
507
00:29:20,780 --> 00:29:23,540
- [Narrator] In New York,
the first car-only roadway,
508
00:29:23,650 --> 00:29:27,510
the Bronx River
Parkway, is constructed.
509
00:29:27,620 --> 00:29:31,850
America is starting to change
itself to suit the car.
510
00:29:35,820 --> 00:29:38,860
- (laughing) I'm telling you,
511
00:29:38,960 --> 00:29:41,530
from 1,000 a month we're
going to 1,000 a day.
512
00:29:41,630 --> 00:29:42,860
- 1,000 a day?
513
00:29:42,960 --> 00:29:44,560
How soon are we doing this, huh?
514
00:29:44,670 --> 00:29:45,900
- [Narrator] Ford's
success has drawn
515
00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:47,800
the attention of the world
516
00:29:47,900 --> 00:29:50,640
and the interest
of his competition.
517
00:29:50,740 --> 00:29:52,810
(men chatting indistinctly)
518
00:29:52,910 --> 00:29:54,310
- [Man] Mr. Ford
519
00:29:54,410 --> 00:29:57,140
(dramatic music)
520
00:29:58,980 --> 00:30:00,680
- Gentlemen, excuse me, please.
521
00:30:00,780 --> 00:30:03,580
(dramatic music)
522
00:30:09,160 --> 00:30:12,830
- Quite the shop you
have here, Mr. Ford.
523
00:30:12,930 --> 00:30:14,090
- We got a ways to go.
524
00:30:14,200 --> 00:30:17,160
But I think we're
on the right track.
525
00:30:17,270 --> 00:30:18,670
- So I've heard.
526
00:30:19,700 --> 00:30:20,830
I also heard that
you and George Seldon
527
00:30:20,940 --> 00:30:22,700
aren't seeing eye-to-eye.
528
00:30:22,800 --> 00:30:25,610
(dramatic music)
529
00:30:28,510 --> 00:30:30,910
- Seldon wants to go to war.
530
00:30:31,910 --> 00:30:33,980
He's chosen the wrong man.
531
00:30:34,080 --> 00:30:35,320
- Admirable.
532
00:30:35,420 --> 00:30:37,920
But suppose you didn't have to?
533
00:30:39,920 --> 00:30:41,690
- What do you mean?
534
00:30:41,790 --> 00:30:43,490
- Join the General Motors family
535
00:30:43,590 --> 00:30:47,660
and all your problems with
George Seldon go away.
536
00:30:48,930 --> 00:30:51,500
All patent royalties, we pay.
537
00:30:51,600 --> 00:30:54,830
(dramatic music)
538
00:30:54,940 --> 00:30:57,940
Or you can take your
chances in court.
539
00:30:59,640 --> 00:31:00,940
(dramatic music)
540
00:31:01,080 --> 00:31:02,840
Now tell me your price.
541
00:31:02,940 --> 00:31:05,950
(dramatic music)
542
00:31:10,420 --> 00:31:11,680
- $3 million.
543
00:31:11,790 --> 00:31:14,550
(dramatic music)
544
00:31:15,990 --> 00:31:19,990
- (chuckles) Seriously, now?
545
00:31:20,100 --> 00:31:21,960
What's your real price?
546
00:31:22,060 --> 00:31:24,900
(dramatic music)
547
00:31:26,900 --> 00:31:29,840
- The real price
is $3 million...
548
00:31:32,170 --> 00:31:33,570
(man chuckles)
549
00:31:33,680 --> 00:31:34,370
Cash.
550
00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:37,340
(dramatic music)
551
00:31:37,450 --> 00:31:40,680
- Well, then Mr.
Ford, I wish you luck.
552
00:31:41,680 --> 00:31:42,880
You're going to need it.
553
00:31:42,980 --> 00:31:45,990
(dramatic music)
554
00:31:51,430 --> 00:31:53,330
- [Narrator] Ford's
asking price is worth over
555
00:31:53,430 --> 00:31:54,890
$80 million today.
556
00:32:03,510 --> 00:32:06,070
Durant's rejection
means he won't own all
557
00:32:06,170 --> 00:32:10,040
the industry's major players,
but if he can't buy them,
558
00:32:10,150 --> 00:32:13,410
he decides he needs
to out design them.
559
00:32:14,520 --> 00:32:17,720
- Mr. Durant, you asked for
it and my team delivered it,
560
00:32:17,820 --> 00:32:20,390
an automobile that will be
all things to all people.
561
00:32:20,490 --> 00:32:22,120
- Let's see it.
562
00:32:22,220 --> 00:32:25,060
(dramatic music)
563
00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:33,130
- It's everything you asked for,
564
00:32:33,240 --> 00:32:34,530
the horn button,
the clutch pedal,
565
00:32:34,640 --> 00:32:36,240
the horsepower that
you were looking for.
566
00:32:36,340 --> 00:32:39,310
(dramatic music)
567
00:32:39,410 --> 00:32:42,480
- Now, that is exactly the
car we've been looking for.
568
00:32:42,580 --> 00:32:44,040
How quickly can we
get this into production?
569
00:32:44,150 --> 00:32:45,880
- Well, I think
almost right away.
570
00:32:45,980 --> 00:32:46,980
- Excellent.
571
00:32:47,080 --> 00:32:49,880
This is fast, it's
modern, it's sleek.
572
00:32:49,990 --> 00:32:51,820
- [Narrator] The Buick
Model 10 features
573
00:32:51,920 --> 00:32:54,820
a 2.7 liter four-cylinder engine
574
00:32:54,920 --> 00:32:57,420
and with 22 1/2 half horsepower,
575
00:32:57,530 --> 00:33:00,490
it's more powerful
than the Model T.
576
00:33:01,900 --> 00:33:03,230
But Buick's biggest innovation
577
00:33:03,330 --> 00:33:07,170
is its revolutionary
engine configuration.
578
00:33:07,270 --> 00:33:09,870
The Buick's fuel
combustion goes through
579
00:33:09,970 --> 00:33:12,970
overhead valves
like modern engines.
580
00:33:15,680 --> 00:33:18,410
- This overhead valve
engine had ease of service.
581
00:33:18,510 --> 00:33:19,510
You could kick the head off
582
00:33:19,610 --> 00:33:21,250
and fix that, put it back on.
583
00:33:21,350 --> 00:33:22,320
In other words,
you didn't have to
584
00:33:22,420 --> 00:33:25,820
tear the whole engine
apart to fix it.
585
00:33:25,920 --> 00:33:29,560
- [Narrator] The first 4,000
Model 10s are all white.
586
00:33:29,660 --> 00:33:32,590
They're nicknamed
the white streak,
587
00:33:35,960 --> 00:33:39,000
but GM only sells
4,000 Model 10s.
588
00:33:39,930 --> 00:33:43,940
Ford, by contrast, sells
almost 20,000 Model Ts.
589
00:33:44,970 --> 00:33:48,140
Durant's white streak fails
to take the Model T's place
590
00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:49,940
in America's heart.
591
00:33:51,780 --> 00:33:53,980
- General Motors
flirted with bankruptcy.
592
00:33:54,080 --> 00:33:55,880
The banking community
looked at him and said,
593
00:33:55,980 --> 00:33:58,220
this guy's out of control.
594
00:34:00,460 --> 00:34:01,990
- [Narrator] The white streak
595
00:34:02,090 --> 00:34:04,990
has cost GM $30 million
596
00:34:05,090 --> 00:34:06,830
(dramatic music)
597
00:34:06,930 --> 00:34:08,700
and the expensive failure
598
00:34:08,800 --> 00:34:12,030
means Durant's got
trouble with his board.
599
00:34:12,130 --> 00:34:14,900
(dramatic music)
600
00:34:28,280 --> 00:34:29,250
- Gentlemen.
601
00:34:30,490 --> 00:34:32,350
- Mr. Durant,
602
00:34:33,520 --> 00:34:34,520
have a seat.
603
00:34:35,990 --> 00:34:37,890
- This can't be good.
604
00:34:42,160 --> 00:34:44,520
century's first decade seesheh
605
00:34:44,620 --> 00:34:47,690
America's passion
for cars unleashed.
606
00:34:48,960 --> 00:34:51,860
Two large companies
dominate the new industry
607
00:34:51,970 --> 00:34:54,800
and as Ford battles
GM for supremacy,
608
00:34:54,900 --> 00:34:56,800
the country begins
to transform itself
609
00:34:56,900 --> 00:34:59,800
around the new mode
of transportation.
610
00:34:59,910 --> 00:35:01,810
- When you look at
successful businesses.
611
00:35:01,910 --> 00:35:05,810
it always comes down to the
human capital, leadership.
612
00:35:05,910 --> 00:35:08,910
Everything runs from
the top and down.
613
00:35:12,590 --> 00:35:15,820
- Durant wanted to have the
biggest, most successful,
614
00:35:15,920 --> 00:35:20,990
most influential automobile
entity in the world.
615
00:35:21,090 --> 00:35:25,660
He wanted General Motors to
be the automobile company.
616
00:35:25,770 --> 00:35:28,170
- [Narrator] General
Motors focuses on scale,
617
00:35:28,270 --> 00:35:30,070
buying 30 companies,
618
00:35:30,170 --> 00:35:33,800
including Buick,
Oldsmobile, and Cadillac,
619
00:35:35,240 --> 00:35:36,840
but after a strong start,
620
00:35:36,940 --> 00:35:40,580
sales of the new
Buick Model 10 drop
621
00:35:40,680 --> 00:35:43,920
and the company
financiers have noticed.
622
00:35:44,480 --> 00:35:49,090
With its debt mounting, General
Motors must do something.
623
00:35:51,090 --> 00:35:54,330
- Gentlemen, to what
do we owe the pleasure?
624
00:35:54,430 --> 00:35:56,090
- Please have a seat.
625
00:35:57,930 --> 00:35:59,660
- This can't be good.
626
00:36:03,100 --> 00:36:04,370
- Now, Mr. Durant,
627
00:36:04,470 --> 00:36:06,740
you've stretched
this company's finances
628
00:36:06,840 --> 00:36:11,510
to the point of breaking,
with no plan for the future.
629
00:36:11,610 --> 00:36:12,840
- I always have a plan.
630
00:36:12,950 --> 00:36:14,110
That's what built this place.
631
00:36:14,210 --> 00:36:16,480
- You promised to build
a car that would surpass
632
00:36:16,580 --> 00:36:18,780
the Model T and it failed.
633
00:36:20,320 --> 00:36:24,360
- Everything worth doing
takes time and money.
634
00:36:24,460 --> 00:36:26,820
- Billy, your time is up.
635
00:36:26,930 --> 00:36:29,730
(dramatic music)
636
00:36:29,830 --> 00:36:31,160
- What's that supposed to mean?
637
00:36:31,260 --> 00:36:32,400
- You're fired.
638
00:36:32,500 --> 00:36:33,900
(dramatic music)
639
00:36:34,000 --> 00:36:35,830
Effective immediately.
640
00:36:35,940 --> 00:36:39,370
(dramatic music)
641
00:36:39,470 --> 00:36:40,570
- If you lose me,
642
00:36:40,670 --> 00:36:44,010
you lose everything
this place was built on.
643
00:36:44,110 --> 00:36:47,910
- Mr. Durant,
General Motors needs
644
00:36:48,010 --> 00:36:52,350
a steadier foundation
than the one you've built.
645
00:36:52,420 --> 00:36:54,950
This Board's decision is final.
646
00:36:55,050 --> 00:36:57,890
(dramatic music)
647
00:37:09,170 --> 00:37:12,670
Oh, Mr. Nash, if you
could stay a moment,
648
00:37:14,610 --> 00:37:16,810
we have something we'd
like to discuss with you.
649
00:37:16,910 --> 00:37:19,910
(dramatic music)
650
00:37:35,900 --> 00:37:38,300
- [Narrator] Durant's
number two, Charles Nash,
651
00:37:38,400 --> 00:37:40,970
is appointed GM's new president.
652
00:37:42,570 --> 00:37:46,800
His top priority, finding a
way to compete with Henry Ford
653
00:37:46,910 --> 00:37:49,240
and his best selling Model T.
654
00:37:55,920 --> 00:37:58,980
Nash's plan centers
on innovation.
655
00:37:59,090 --> 00:38:02,520
He needs to secure the
engineering talent to compete.
656
00:38:02,620 --> 00:38:05,420
(dramatic music)
657
00:38:13,170 --> 00:38:16,030
He hopes he's found
it in a young engineer
658
00:38:16,140 --> 00:38:19,070
who's captured
Detroit's attention.
659
00:38:27,750 --> 00:38:28,880
- I'm looking for
Mr. Charles Nash.
660
00:38:28,980 --> 00:38:29,980
Thank you.
661
00:38:40,960 --> 00:38:45,030
Mr. Nash, terribly sorry
to keep you waiting
662
00:38:45,130 --> 00:38:46,930
I'm Walter Chrysler.
663
00:38:52,940 --> 00:38:55,970
A fella's machine broke down
on the side of the road.
664
00:38:56,080 --> 00:38:59,540
Couldn't rightly pass by
without lending a hand.
665
00:38:59,650 --> 00:39:00,340
- Now, never mind that.
666
00:39:00,450 --> 00:39:02,650
I'm just glad you made it.
667
00:39:04,420 --> 00:39:06,980
- [Narrator] Walter Chrysler
is a self-taught mechanic
668
00:39:07,090 --> 00:39:10,890
and an expert engineer who
has made a name for himself
669
00:39:10,990 --> 00:39:13,660
building engines at
American Locomotive,
670
00:39:13,760 --> 00:39:16,660
one of the largest train
makers in the world.
671
00:39:16,760 --> 00:39:20,360
- Walter Chrysler, in his youth,
he was extremely meticulous
672
00:39:20,470 --> 00:39:22,830
about how things were made
673
00:39:22,940 --> 00:39:26,300
and tinkered around with all
kinds of mechanical things.
674
00:39:26,410 --> 00:39:29,640
- Walter Chrysler got
interested in the car industry,
675
00:39:29,740 --> 00:39:33,210
went to a car show, bought
a car, took it home,
676
00:39:33,310 --> 00:39:35,680
and took it apart
to learn about it.
677
00:39:35,780 --> 00:39:36,850
You know, most of
us would end up with
678
00:39:36,920 --> 00:39:39,150
a pile of parts
in the shed floor.
679
00:39:39,250 --> 00:39:43,790
Walter took it apart and was
able to put it back together.
680
00:39:43,890 --> 00:39:44,790
- So, well?
681
00:39:46,890 --> 00:39:50,560
- I am prepared to
offer you $6,000 a year.
682
00:39:56,000 --> 00:39:57,000
- Six grand?
683
00:40:03,040 --> 00:40:05,610
That's half my current salary.
684
00:40:06,880 --> 00:40:09,550
- We're not American Locomotive.
685
00:40:13,420 --> 00:40:16,120
- No, you most
certainly are not.
686
00:40:19,730 --> 00:40:21,890
But trains are a
thing of the past.
687
00:40:21,990 --> 00:40:23,790
Cars are the future.
688
00:40:23,900 --> 00:40:24,730
I'm in.
689
00:40:35,910 --> 00:40:38,480
- Mr. Chrysler, congratulations.
690
00:40:38,580 --> 00:40:41,980
You're now Production Chief
at Buick Motor Company.
691
00:40:42,080 --> 00:40:43,450
- As long as you
let me design cars,
692
00:40:43,550 --> 00:40:46,380
you can call me
whatever you want.
693
00:40:49,390 --> 00:40:53,590
(dramatic music)
(machinery rumbling)
694
00:41:06,740 --> 00:41:09,240
- Chrysler, when he
came in, found that
695
00:41:09,340 --> 00:41:12,810
the entire structure of
Buick lacks organization,
696
00:41:12,910 --> 00:41:15,750
a lot of expenditures,
and so he went to work
697
00:41:15,850 --> 00:41:18,920
in reorganizing the
company properly.
698
00:41:19,890 --> 00:41:21,150
- The first day
he was on the job,
699
00:41:21,250 --> 00:41:25,160
he saw cars going out
and not being signed out,
700
00:41:25,260 --> 00:41:27,630
and he said, where's the
manifest for his cars?
701
00:41:27,730 --> 00:41:31,960
The next day, he put in a
manifest system and he said,
702
00:41:32,060 --> 00:41:36,130
I earned my first year
salary on my first day.
703
00:41:36,240 --> 00:41:39,200
- [Narrator] Chrysler soon
realizes turning GM around
704
00:41:39,310 --> 00:41:43,510
and catching up to the number
one car maker won't be easy,
705
00:41:43,610 --> 00:41:47,810
because Ford is churning
out cars five times as fast.
706
00:41:49,350 --> 00:41:51,550
- I will build a car
for the everyman,
707
00:41:51,650 --> 00:41:53,150
constructed of the
best materials,
708
00:41:53,250 --> 00:41:56,890
built by the best mechanics,
with the simplest designs
709
00:41:56,990 --> 00:41:59,460
that modern
engineering can devise.
710
00:41:59,560 --> 00:42:02,460
And a price so low, no
man making a good salary
711
00:42:02,560 --> 00:42:04,860
will be unable to afford one.
712
00:42:05,900 --> 00:42:07,970
- [Narrator] The Model
T becomes so successful
713
00:42:08,070 --> 00:42:11,700
that Ford soon triples
GM's total output,
714
00:42:11,800 --> 00:42:15,510
Now with over 70,000 cars sold,
715
00:42:15,610 --> 00:42:20,380
Henry Ford has become the
world's number one car maker.
716
00:42:20,480 --> 00:42:24,820
- Henry Ford is generally given
credit for changing America.
717
00:42:24,920 --> 00:42:27,150
The main reason Henry
Ford is credited
718
00:42:27,250 --> 00:42:30,890
was that among his
other brilliant skills
719
00:42:30,990 --> 00:42:34,160
was an utterly brilliant
skill of self-promotion.
720
00:42:34,260 --> 00:42:36,230
- Get your photos, boys.
721
00:42:37,100 --> 00:42:38,760
Ha.
(falshbulbs crackle)
722
00:42:38,860 --> 00:42:41,170
- [Narrator] A tireless work
ethic has made Henry Ford
723
00:42:41,270 --> 00:42:44,700
the undisputed top
car maker in America,
724
00:42:46,870 --> 00:42:49,840
but he has one enemy
he can't outwork,
725
00:42:49,940 --> 00:42:53,610
George Seldon, who
continues to battle Ford
726
00:42:53,710 --> 00:42:55,950
for the millions he
claims he's owed.
727
00:42:56,050 --> 00:42:57,380
- It's amazing.
728
00:42:57,480 --> 00:43:00,780
Dozens of car makers were
eager to avoid the courts
729
00:43:00,890 --> 00:43:02,950
but Henry Ford was not.
730
00:43:03,890 --> 00:43:05,290
- Any questions?
731
00:43:05,390 --> 00:43:06,620
- [Crowd] Ford, Ford.
732
00:43:06,730 --> 00:43:07,890
- [Reporter] Ford, are
you gonna pay Mr. Seldon?
733
00:43:07,990 --> 00:43:09,360
- No.
734
00:43:09,460 --> 00:43:11,200
- [Narrator] Another
challenge for Ford
735
00:43:11,300 --> 00:43:13,860
is his relationship
with the Dodge Brothers,
736
00:43:13,970 --> 00:43:15,800
which is starting to fray.
737
00:43:15,900 --> 00:43:19,440
- One of the things that
really irked the Dodge Brothers
738
00:43:19,540 --> 00:43:21,310
was the fact that
Ford was receiving
739
00:43:21,410 --> 00:43:24,710
so much recognition
for the Model T.
740
00:43:24,810 --> 00:43:26,880
- [Henry] Get your photos, boys.
741
00:43:26,980 --> 00:43:28,150
- [Narrator] Ford's
knack for publicity
742
00:43:28,250 --> 00:43:30,610
may have earned him notoriety,
743
00:43:30,720 --> 00:43:34,750
but it could cost him two
of his greatest assets.
744
00:43:42,960 --> 00:43:46,960
are on America's streets
and country roads.
745
00:43:47,000 --> 00:43:49,470
The first car built
for the everyman
746
00:43:49,500 --> 00:43:52,970
is helping to
change the country.
747
00:43:53,010 --> 00:43:55,940
- What happened in
America when Henry Ford
748
00:43:55,980 --> 00:43:58,910
turned loose his Model
T's was the restructuring
749
00:43:58,950 --> 00:44:02,250
of our entire society
from top to bottom.
750
00:44:02,280 --> 00:44:06,920
It broke down the ancient
isolation of the farm
751
00:44:06,950 --> 00:44:10,250
and people were very
much aware of that
752
00:44:10,290 --> 00:44:13,090
and felt very much
liberated by it.
753
00:44:14,660 --> 00:44:17,260
- [Narrator] The Model
T makes Henry Ford
754
00:44:17,300 --> 00:44:20,830
the world's number
one car maker.
755
00:44:20,870 --> 00:44:22,600
- When you win, everybody
wants to come up there
756
00:44:22,640 --> 00:44:23,800
and take you off the top.
757
00:44:23,840 --> 00:44:25,470
You have to continue
to build and perform
758
00:44:25,500 --> 00:44:27,810
and come up with the
innovative products
759
00:44:27,840 --> 00:44:29,540
that keeps you ahead.
760
00:44:31,940 --> 00:44:33,940
- [Narrator] Trying
to compete with Ford,
761
00:44:33,980 --> 00:44:36,950
America's other
leading car maker, GM,
762
00:44:36,980 --> 00:44:39,750
has gone into massive
debt buying up
763
00:44:39,790 --> 00:44:42,350
Buick, Cadillac, and Oldsmobile.
764
00:44:43,960 --> 00:44:46,390
The man charged with
turning the company around,
765
00:44:46,430 --> 00:44:49,930
Walter Chrysler, is
feeling the pressure.
766
00:44:54,970 --> 00:44:57,940
GM's former chairman,
William Durant,
767
00:44:57,970 --> 00:45:00,470
refuses to let go of
the company he built
768
00:45:00,510 --> 00:45:03,270
and hatches a plan
to get it back.
769
00:45:05,140 --> 00:45:07,510
Starting from scratch,
he has his sights set
770
00:45:07,550 --> 00:45:10,910
on his own key hire,
the 33-year-old
771
00:45:10,950 --> 00:45:16,190
Swiss race car driver
named Louie Chevrolet.
772
00:45:20,930 --> 00:45:25,100
- You have quite the flair
for publicity, Mr. Chevrolet.
773
00:45:26,170 --> 00:45:29,330
With your charisma
and my business sense,
774
00:45:29,370 --> 00:45:31,900
we can be quite a team.
775
00:45:31,940 --> 00:45:35,510
Imagine it, you could
be the next Henry Ford.
776
00:45:35,540 --> 00:45:37,910
- I'm quite happy being
Louis Chevrolet, thank you.
777
00:45:37,940 --> 00:45:39,840
- Yeah, well, of course.
778
00:45:39,880 --> 00:45:42,010
You are your own man.
779
00:45:42,050 --> 00:45:46,020
- This new company, Mr.
Durant, does it have a name?
780
00:45:46,950 --> 00:45:48,890
- Not yet, but I was
thinking something--
781
00:45:48,920 --> 00:45:51,960
- May I suggest
calling it Chevrolet?
782
00:45:59,270 --> 00:46:00,260
- Chevrolet.
783
00:46:01,970 --> 00:46:05,240
It does have a nice ring to it.
784
00:46:05,270 --> 00:46:07,000
- [Narrator] Chevrolet
makes his name
785
00:46:07,040 --> 00:46:09,910
by dominating the
European race circuit.
786
00:46:09,940 --> 00:46:11,580
- When you think
of American cars,
787
00:46:11,610 --> 00:46:14,240
all you think about
is the Chevrolets
788
00:46:14,280 --> 00:46:16,950
and Louis Chevrolet
was not American.
789
00:46:16,980 --> 00:46:18,950
- I think that catches
some people off-guard,
790
00:46:18,980 --> 00:46:22,590
that Chevrolet was
founded by a Swiss racer,
791
00:46:22,620 --> 00:46:25,420
but a very smart man
and a man that made
792
00:46:25,460 --> 00:46:27,890
the US his home, in a sense.
793
00:46:27,930 --> 00:46:30,890
Now the brand is as
American as it comes.
794
00:46:30,930 --> 00:46:32,560
- It's great to me,
as a race car driver,
795
00:46:32,600 --> 00:46:36,230
to know that Chevrolet
was founded by racer.
796
00:46:36,270 --> 00:46:37,740
- Very good.
797
00:46:37,770 --> 00:46:39,070
- So where should we start?
798
00:46:39,110 --> 00:46:40,600
- I think it's a
very good idea for us
799
00:46:40,640 --> 00:46:42,910
to be on the same
page with the design.
800
00:46:42,940 --> 00:46:43,740
- I agree.
801
00:46:44,640 --> 00:46:46,080
I think whatever the design is,
802
00:46:46,110 --> 00:46:47,580
we need to make
sure that this is
803
00:46:47,610 --> 00:46:50,610
the car to beat the Model T.
804
00:46:50,650 --> 00:46:52,950
The Model T's day is done.
805
00:46:52,990 --> 00:46:53,820
- I agree.
806
00:46:55,790 --> 00:46:56,650
- [Narrator] What Durant,
807
00:46:56,690 --> 00:46:57,720
Chevrolet,
808
00:46:57,760 --> 00:47:00,190
and Chrysler don't know
809
00:47:00,630 --> 00:47:04,030
is Ford isn't content
with the status quo.
810
00:47:05,030 --> 00:47:06,900
- I think in the auto
manufacturing world,
811
00:47:06,930 --> 00:47:10,930
there's that tenacity, that
true grit to work harder
812
00:47:10,970 --> 00:47:12,900
than the next guy,
continue to be smarter
813
00:47:12,940 --> 00:47:15,870
in ways of assembly
and efficiency
814
00:47:15,910 --> 00:47:19,440
and being able to build
a product the best.
815
00:47:21,110 --> 00:47:24,280
- [Narrator] He focuses
on increasing production.
816
00:47:24,320 --> 00:47:26,920
His current production
process is inefficient,
817
00:47:26,950 --> 00:47:31,090
taking up to 12 hours to
assemble a single Model T.
818
00:47:31,960 --> 00:47:34,320
He knows getting Model
Ts off the line faster
819
00:47:34,360 --> 00:47:36,930
will mean more sales.
820
00:47:36,960 --> 00:47:39,930
- When Ford began, automobiles
821
00:47:39,970 --> 00:47:43,130
were built up like ocean liners.
822
00:47:43,170 --> 00:47:45,770
The workmen would come
into the frame of the car
823
00:47:45,810 --> 00:47:46,970
and put things on it.
824
00:47:47,010 --> 00:47:49,870
So Ford thought of
ways of breaking down
825
00:47:49,910 --> 00:47:52,880
all the different
jobs you have to do
826
00:47:52,910 --> 00:47:56,880
to build a car faster
and more efficiently.
827
00:47:56,920 --> 00:47:59,880
- Like a slaughterhouse
butchers beef.
828
00:47:59,920 --> 00:48:03,820
We will do the same for
automobiles only in reverse,
829
00:48:03,860 --> 00:48:05,760
each man doing one job,
830
00:48:06,760 --> 00:48:09,390
perfecting and
speeding the process.
831
00:48:09,430 --> 00:48:11,730
As the machine
moves down the line,
832
00:48:11,760 --> 00:48:14,900
each station performs
one duty,
833
00:48:14,930 --> 00:48:17,900
without error.
834
00:48:17,940 --> 00:48:21,100
Defects will be
virtually eliminated.
835
00:48:22,110 --> 00:48:24,210
- Excellent, Mr. Ford.
836
00:48:24,280 --> 00:48:26,140
A moving assembly line.
837
00:48:28,780 --> 00:48:31,320
- It led Ford to
construct an automobile
838
00:48:31,350 --> 00:48:33,880
of high quality in
numbers that were going to
839
00:48:33,920 --> 00:48:36,890
be able to drive down
the average price.
840
00:48:36,920 --> 00:48:38,360
- [Narrator] Using the
meatpacking industry
841
00:48:38,390 --> 00:48:40,060
as inspiration,
842
00:48:40,090 --> 00:48:41,890
Ford designs an assembly line
843
00:48:41,930 --> 00:48:44,900
with workers along a
long conveyor system
844
00:48:44,930 --> 00:48:47,930
where each performs a
single specific task
845
00:48:47,970 --> 00:48:50,500
in a continuous flow of work.
846
00:48:51,970 --> 00:48:54,910
- An assembly line
that does not stop.
847
00:48:54,940 --> 00:48:58,180
His ideas of mass production
change manufacturing.
848
00:48:58,210 --> 00:49:00,910
He created the next
Industrial Revolution.
849
00:49:00,950 --> 00:49:02,780
It changed society.
850
00:49:02,820 --> 00:49:05,920
- This will revolutionize
the industry.
851
00:49:12,240 --> 00:49:14,610
and demand is surging.
852
00:49:14,710 --> 00:49:17,850
Some 1.2 million
cars are on the road,
853
00:49:17,950 --> 00:49:19,850
a third of them Fords.
854
00:49:19,950 --> 00:49:22,120
The amazing success
of the Model T
855
00:49:22,220 --> 00:49:24,120
is the industry's
first phenomenon
856
00:49:24,220 --> 00:49:28,120
but while business is
booming across the industry,
857
00:49:28,220 --> 00:49:32,160
Henry Ford's competitors
have one mission:
858
00:49:32,260 --> 00:49:33,260
beating him.
859
00:49:34,600 --> 00:49:35,860
- When your a target, it's
because you're on top.
860
00:49:35,970 --> 00:49:38,930
It's because you're in the lead.
861
00:49:39,040 --> 00:49:40,570
And what does that do?
862
00:49:40,670 --> 00:49:44,170
That just creates more
pressure to perform.
863
00:49:45,440 --> 00:49:47,110
- [Narrator] With William Durant
864
00:49:47,210 --> 00:49:49,940
starting a new company
called Chevrolet
865
00:49:50,050 --> 00:49:53,650
and Walter Chrysler attempting
to rebuild General Motors--
866
00:49:53,750 --> 00:49:55,820
- There'll be five lines.
867
00:49:55,920 --> 00:49:58,750
- [Narrator] Henry Ford looks
to a revolutionary concept
868
00:49:58,860 --> 00:50:03,620
to take his company to the
next level, the assembly line.
869
00:50:03,730 --> 00:50:05,030
- The car will come off the line
870
00:50:05,130 --> 00:50:06,990
and there'll be a final
team that will attach
871
00:50:07,100 --> 00:50:10,460
all the special details,
check the quality,
872
00:50:10,570 --> 00:50:13,130
look for any final
scratches, clean them up,
873
00:50:13,240 --> 00:50:15,640
anything else, and the car
will roll off the line.
874
00:50:15,740 --> 00:50:17,640
- His ideas on how
to produce cars
875
00:50:17,740 --> 00:50:21,480
were the most
successful of all ideas.
876
00:50:21,580 --> 00:50:24,250
- [Narrator] The Model T
assembly line is broken down
877
00:50:24,350 --> 00:50:28,580
into 84 individual steps, from
bolting the chassis together
878
00:50:28,690 --> 00:50:31,250
to mounting the transmission
to the drivetrain
879
00:50:31,350 --> 00:50:34,260
and assembling the brakes
and attaching them.
880
00:50:34,360 --> 00:50:36,090
- All of the parts,
then, are brought by
881
00:50:36,190 --> 00:50:38,930
either conveyors or
pulleys to the location
882
00:50:39,030 --> 00:50:41,600
in which assembly process
needs to take place.
883
00:50:41,700 --> 00:50:44,630
- Which was not how cars were
manufactured at that time.
884
00:50:44,700 --> 00:50:47,600
Cars were manufactured with
two or three or four people
885
00:50:47,700 --> 00:50:49,600
standing around one station,
886
00:50:49,710 --> 00:50:52,370
building a car
from the ground up.
887
00:50:52,480 --> 00:50:54,540
- [Narrator] To implement
his revolutionary plan,
888
00:50:54,640 --> 00:50:59,080
Ford recruits William
Knudsen to manage production.
889
00:50:59,180 --> 00:51:03,080
- William Knudsen was an
engineer that Henry had met
890
00:51:03,190 --> 00:51:05,120
when he bought a
stamping company
891
00:51:05,220 --> 00:51:09,420
to make the oil
pans for his Model T
892
00:51:09,530 --> 00:51:12,760
and Knudsen very
quickly proved himself
893
00:51:12,860 --> 00:51:15,700
to be one of the great
industrial visionaries
894
00:51:15,800 --> 00:51:17,700
of the 20th century.
895
00:51:17,800 --> 00:51:20,200
- There will be
virtually no chance
896
00:51:20,300 --> 00:51:22,270
that there'll be a mistake.
897
00:51:22,370 --> 00:51:25,210
It's simply a repeat rote motion
898
00:51:25,310 --> 00:51:28,610
that they have to perform
throughout the entire day.
899
00:51:28,710 --> 00:51:30,640
- [Narrator] The assembly
line is perhaps the biggest
900
00:51:30,750 --> 00:51:33,110
manufacturing innovation ever,
901
00:51:33,220 --> 00:51:35,750
but it's not without problems.
902
00:51:36,750 --> 00:51:39,120
- Henry Ford is the
man who brought in
903
00:51:39,220 --> 00:51:41,590
mind numbing repetition.
904
00:51:41,690 --> 00:51:46,560
They had to work at the
same pace day after day,
905
00:51:46,660 --> 00:51:50,660
hour after hour, minute after
minute, doing the same task.
906
00:51:52,540 --> 00:51:54,270
- [Narrator] Despite
its repetition,
907
00:51:54,370 --> 00:51:57,610
it's a huge benefit
to the bottom line,
908
00:51:57,710 --> 00:51:59,310
cutting build
time for a Model T
909
00:51:59,410 --> 00:52:03,410
from 12 hours to
just 93 minutes.
910
00:52:05,580 --> 00:52:09,320
- Henry Ford's great
contribution to the 20th century
911
00:52:09,420 --> 00:52:13,090
was the theory and
practice of mass production
912
00:52:13,190 --> 00:52:15,490
and that translated itself
913
00:52:15,590 --> 00:52:18,790
to all the other
industries in America.
914
00:52:18,900 --> 00:52:20,430
- [Narrator] The assembly line
915
00:52:20,530 --> 00:52:23,160
will change America
dramatically.
916
00:52:24,700 --> 00:52:27,600
Mass production of
items like refrigerators
917
00:52:27,700 --> 00:52:30,340
and washing machines
will allow their cost
918
00:52:30,440 --> 00:52:32,310
to be greatly reduced.
919
00:52:32,410 --> 00:52:34,280
That creates jobs.
920
00:52:34,380 --> 00:52:36,680
Ford uses the money
saved on production
921
00:52:36,780 --> 00:52:40,110
to cut the price of
the Model T in half,
922
00:52:40,220 --> 00:52:42,550
from $850
923
00:52:43,320 --> 00:52:46,820
to just $390.
924
00:52:46,920 --> 00:52:49,120
- To sit there and put
the time and effort he did
925
00:52:49,230 --> 00:52:52,160
into building the assembly
line and then producing
926
00:52:52,260 --> 00:52:53,960
that Model T in such numbers
927
00:52:54,060 --> 00:52:57,630
that it got the cost way
down where the average Joe
928
00:52:57,730 --> 00:53:01,200
could afford to buy a car,
that was something else.
929
00:53:01,270 --> 00:53:03,340
- It changed society.
930
00:53:03,440 --> 00:53:07,610
For the first time, every
American could own a car.
931
00:53:07,680 --> 00:53:09,310
That's a life-changing moment.
932
00:53:09,410 --> 00:53:12,750
- I mean, I think we can
do 1,000 of these a day.
933
00:53:12,850 --> 00:53:16,680
I mean, the possibilities
are endless.
934
00:53:16,790 --> 00:53:17,590
- [Narrator] Ford is able to go
935
00:53:17,690 --> 00:53:20,650
from making 38,000 cars in 1911
936
00:53:20,760 --> 00:53:24,260
to nearly 200,000 just
three years later.
937
00:53:27,700 --> 00:53:30,900
Ford watches sales climb and
looks to hire more workers
938
00:53:31,000 --> 00:53:33,400
to keep up with productivity.
939
00:53:33,500 --> 00:53:37,840
To do so, he comes up with
another groundbreaking idea.
940
00:53:37,940 --> 00:53:41,580
- Ford was having problems
retaining good workers
941
00:53:41,680 --> 00:53:44,610
and he decided that he was
gonna introduce the $5 day.
942
00:53:44,710 --> 00:53:46,280
This, at the time,
the average wage
943
00:53:46,380 --> 00:53:48,520
in the industry was about $2.50.
944
00:53:48,620 --> 00:53:52,750
- [Narrator] The $5 day
would be almost $300 today,
945
00:53:52,860 --> 00:53:56,260
a huge increase in salary
for the working man.
946
00:53:56,360 --> 00:53:58,260
- As a result, this was
really the beginning
947
00:53:58,360 --> 00:54:01,100
of evolution of the middle class
948
00:54:01,200 --> 00:54:03,600
because people now
had more money.
949
00:54:03,700 --> 00:54:05,130
- Nobody had ever been able
to make that kind of money
950
00:54:05,230 --> 00:54:07,200
for unskilled labor before.
951
00:54:07,300 --> 00:54:10,640
He was getting
people from Europe.
952
00:54:10,740 --> 00:54:12,640
- Ford attracted a lot
of African American labor
953
00:54:12,740 --> 00:54:15,610
from the south, so there was
a great migration to Detroit
954
00:54:15,710 --> 00:54:19,280
to find jobs and
start a new life.
955
00:54:19,380 --> 00:54:22,420
- People came pouring in
from all over the country.
956
00:54:22,520 --> 00:54:24,590
They finally had that
special police units out
957
00:54:24,690 --> 00:54:26,590
to keep the crowds at bay.
958
00:54:26,690 --> 00:54:29,590
They they had to turn fire
hoses on them to disperse them
959
00:54:29,690 --> 00:54:32,660
because there were such crowds.
960
00:54:32,760 --> 00:54:35,600
- You have not just
the people on the line
961
00:54:35,700 --> 00:54:37,970
assembling the cars,
962
00:54:38,070 --> 00:54:40,500
you have the people making
the parts for the cars,
963
00:54:40,600 --> 00:54:43,600
you have the people making
the tires for the cars,
964
00:54:43,710 --> 00:54:47,740
you have the people involved
with the roads for the cars.
965
00:54:47,840 --> 00:54:50,480
You have this entire ecosystem
966
00:54:50,580 --> 00:54:53,350
that builds up
around this vehicle
967
00:54:54,250 --> 00:54:56,980
that affects a lot of lives.
968
00:54:57,090 --> 00:54:58,650
- [Narrator] As the
auto industry grows,
969
00:54:58,750 --> 00:55:02,990
the population of Detroit nearly
doubles to half a million.
970
00:55:04,260 --> 00:55:07,600
- I see Detroit in
the 20th century
971
00:55:07,700 --> 00:55:12,270
as representing precisely
what Silicon Valley represents
972
00:55:12,370 --> 00:55:16,100
in the first 20 years
of the 21st century.
973
00:55:16,210 --> 00:55:19,010
It was a place where people
pursued their dreams.
974
00:55:19,110 --> 00:55:22,480
It brought in a stream of
population to the area.
975
00:55:22,580 --> 00:55:25,680
It made the area
robust economically.
976
00:55:26,550 --> 00:55:28,550
- The country developed
where in certain regions,
977
00:55:28,650 --> 00:55:32,320
you had these pockets
of condensed industry
978
00:55:32,420 --> 00:55:34,820
and for Detroit, it was
automotive industry.
979
00:55:34,890 --> 00:55:36,390
That's forever what Detroit
980
00:55:36,490 --> 00:55:39,990
will be synonymous
with, is the automobile.
981
00:55:41,500 --> 00:55:42,630
- [Narrator] Detroit is now
982
00:55:42,730 --> 00:55:46,330
the fastest-growing city
in the United States.
983
00:55:50,340 --> 00:55:52,670
To accommodate the
growth of his company,
984
00:55:52,780 --> 00:55:56,410
Ford buys up 2,000 acres on
the outskirts of the city
985
00:55:56,510 --> 00:55:59,850
in his childhood home,
Dearborn, Michigan.
986
00:56:02,690 --> 00:56:06,590
He plans to create a giant
state-of-the-art facility,
987
00:56:06,660 --> 00:56:09,660
that he calls the
River Rouge Complex.
988
00:56:12,190 --> 00:56:13,790
That will be one of
the largest factories
989
00:56:13,900 --> 00:56:15,900
the world has ever seen.
990
00:56:22,660 --> 00:56:26,620
By 1914, the car business
is transforming America
991
00:56:26,730 --> 00:56:29,590
in ways no other
industry ever has.
992
00:56:30,730 --> 00:56:34,630
The largest car maker, Ford,
develops the assembly line,
993
00:56:34,730 --> 00:56:36,970
a production model adopted by
994
00:56:37,070 --> 00:56:39,400
businesses across the country,
995
00:56:39,510 --> 00:56:43,140
that he uses to help
create the middle class.
996
00:56:44,040 --> 00:56:47,110
But as Ford surges, the
industry's other giant,
997
00:56:47,210 --> 00:56:49,650
GM, struggles to keep up,
998
00:56:49,750 --> 00:56:53,250
an advantage Ford
looks to capitalize on.
999
00:56:57,690 --> 00:56:58,720
- Gentlemen.
1000
00:57:03,230 --> 00:57:04,600
- [Narrator] Ford risks
bankruptcy
1001
00:57:04,700 --> 00:57:06,030
battling George Seldon
1002
00:57:06,130 --> 00:57:09,130
for the right to sell his
cars without paying millions
1003
00:57:09,230 --> 00:57:10,630
in patent fees.
1004
00:57:10,740 --> 00:57:12,200
- It's a new day.
1005
00:57:13,440 --> 00:57:15,670
- [Narrator] The court
rules that Seldon's patent
1006
00:57:15,770 --> 00:57:20,610
doesn't apply to the cars
Ford or anyone else builds.
1007
00:57:20,710 --> 00:57:24,150
- There are a lot of dramatic
moments in Henry Ford's life
1008
00:57:24,250 --> 00:57:28,620
but he never gave up, and
it made him a folk hero.
1009
00:57:28,720 --> 00:57:31,620
And one of the interesting
outcomes of that
1010
00:57:31,720 --> 00:57:34,630
is that there still to this
day among American car makers
1011
00:57:34,730 --> 00:57:38,960
very, very few patent suits
in the automobile industry.
1012
00:57:39,060 --> 00:57:42,700
- [Narrator] It's a
huge victory for Ford.
1013
00:57:44,140 --> 00:57:46,040
With the patent
declared null and void,
1014
00:57:46,140 --> 00:57:48,370
someone who never
thought they'd be able
1015
00:57:48,470 --> 00:57:51,340
to build and sell
cars now might.
1016
00:57:51,440 --> 00:57:52,210
- Horace.
1017
00:57:53,750 --> 00:57:55,310
This is our chance.
1018
00:57:55,410 --> 00:57:56,550
If we want to
start building cars
1019
00:57:56,650 --> 00:57:59,650
with the name Dodge on
them, now's the time.
1020
00:57:59,750 --> 00:58:01,590
- John, we've got
a good thing going.
1021
00:58:01,690 --> 00:58:02,850
- (laughs) A good thing?
1022
00:58:02,960 --> 00:58:04,250
You want to be the man
serving to Henry Ford,
1023
00:58:04,360 --> 00:58:06,590
making him get rich or you
do something for yourself?
1024
00:58:06,690 --> 00:58:07,860
We built this.
1025
00:58:09,130 --> 00:58:10,590
Dodge Brothers.
1026
00:58:10,700 --> 00:58:13,700
(dramatic music)
1027
00:58:17,940 --> 00:58:20,470
- [Narrator] Walter Chrysler
introduces his own version
1028
00:58:20,570 --> 00:58:24,740
of the assembly and ups
Buick's production over 500%.
1029
00:58:26,710 --> 00:58:29,050
- The Buick became
the financial engine
1030
00:58:29,150 --> 00:58:31,620
of the General Motors Company.
1031
00:58:31,720 --> 00:58:35,050
Actually the $96
million profit of GM
1032
00:58:35,150 --> 00:58:37,790
was made by the Buick division.
1033
00:58:38,690 --> 00:58:40,920
- [Narrator] To combat
Buick's increased production,
1034
00:58:41,030 --> 00:58:42,690
Ford reduces prices.
1035
00:58:48,030 --> 00:58:50,100
Hoping to make it
a three-way battle,
1036
00:58:50,200 --> 00:58:52,600
William Durant turns
his new company
1037
00:58:52,710 --> 00:58:54,710
to building a low cost car.
1038
00:58:57,810 --> 00:58:59,940
But his partner Louis Chevrolet
1039
00:59:00,050 --> 00:59:03,610
wants to make
high-performance cars.
1040
00:59:03,720 --> 00:59:05,480
- Chevrolet had been
a mechanic in Europe
1041
00:59:05,580 --> 00:59:09,450
and ran in the Indianapolis
500 four times.
1042
00:59:09,560 --> 00:59:10,820
There's some pride behind that
1043
00:59:10,920 --> 00:59:13,620
because it's founded by racers.
1044
00:59:13,730 --> 00:59:15,560
When I was younger I
didn't have any idea
1045
00:59:15,660 --> 00:59:19,660
that racing was such a critical
part of automobile industry.
1046
00:59:22,230 --> 00:59:24,840
(upbeat music)
1047
00:59:29,710 --> 00:59:32,010
- What the hell are you doing?
1048
00:59:32,110 --> 00:59:33,680
We had a meeting.
1049
00:59:35,750 --> 00:59:37,750
- This is not my design.
1050
00:59:43,720 --> 00:59:46,020
- Look, he had to make
some small changes
1051
00:59:46,130 --> 00:59:48,660
to cut back on the cost to
compete with the Model T,
1052
00:59:48,760 --> 00:59:51,090
but it's still your design.
1053
00:59:54,200 --> 00:59:55,600
- Henry Ford makes crap.
1054
00:59:55,700 --> 01:00:00,600
If you want to make crap, find
someone else to do it with.
1055
01:00:00,710 --> 01:00:03,340
- You're going to regret this.
1056
01:00:06,040 --> 01:00:08,610
- [Narrator] Chevy's
first car, the Series C,
1057
01:00:08,680 --> 01:00:12,350
fails to catch on,
selling only 5,000 units.
1058
01:00:14,620 --> 01:00:17,250
Durant decides the
partnership won't work
1059
01:00:17,360 --> 01:00:20,720
and buys Chevrolet out
for a mere $10,000,
1060
01:00:21,790 --> 01:00:24,800
$250,000 today.
1061
01:00:30,240 --> 01:00:32,570
On the other side
of the Atlantic,
1062
01:00:32,670 --> 01:00:34,940
the First World War rages.
1063
01:00:35,040 --> 01:00:39,240
(men shouting)
(guns firing)
1064
01:00:44,420 --> 01:00:48,420
And American automakers
see a new opportunity.
1065
01:00:48,520 --> 01:00:50,690
General Motors ships
thousands of armored vehicles
1066
01:00:50,790 --> 01:00:53,590
to the British and French.
1067
01:00:53,690 --> 01:00:57,830
Ford converts its Model T
into a military ambulance,
1068
01:00:57,930 --> 01:01:01,360
deploying 15,000 in
the field of battle.
1069
01:01:02,470 --> 01:01:05,770
- World War One, of course,
was a tremendous lift
1070
01:01:05,870 --> 01:01:07,670
to the Ford Motor Company.
1071
01:01:07,770 --> 01:01:11,510
Selling of cars and trucks to
the fighting line in France.
1072
01:01:11,610 --> 01:01:14,680
- [Narrator] Ford Motor
Company nets over $8 million
1073
01:01:14,780 --> 01:01:16,750
World War One contracts.
1074
01:01:19,720 --> 01:01:24,420
With his competitor struggling,
Ford should be riding high.
1075
01:01:24,520 --> 01:01:27,260
But a new problem is brewing.
1076
01:01:27,360 --> 01:01:30,030
For over a decade,
John and Horace Dodge
1077
01:01:30,130 --> 01:01:32,100
have helped to make
the Ford Motor Company
1078
01:01:32,200 --> 01:01:34,970
America's number one car maker,
1079
01:01:35,070 --> 01:01:38,100
but they've always been kept
away from the spotlight.
1080
01:01:38,200 --> 01:01:41,940
Ford treated his minority
partners like employees
1081
01:01:42,040 --> 01:01:44,210
instead of equals.
1082
01:01:44,310 --> 01:01:47,780
- The legacy of a man like
Henry Ford is always difficult.
1083
01:01:47,880 --> 01:01:49,750
On the one hand, you have a man
1084
01:01:49,850 --> 01:01:52,120
who was incredibly successful
1085
01:01:52,220 --> 01:01:56,650
who took an industry and
made it that much bigger.
1086
01:01:56,760 --> 01:02:00,590
On the other hand,
you have a man who had
1087
01:02:00,690 --> 01:02:05,100
no sense of loyalty to
his business partners.
1088
01:02:05,200 --> 01:02:07,600
- [Narrator] Ford continues
to invest his cash reserves
1089
01:02:07,700 --> 01:02:11,070
back into his company,
refusing to pay dividends
1090
01:02:11,170 --> 01:02:12,670
to his investors.
1091
01:02:18,080 --> 01:02:19,340
- John, Horace.
1092
01:02:20,380 --> 01:02:22,810
- We've come for
the money, Henry.
1093
01:02:22,920 --> 01:02:25,680
Where are the dividend payments?
1094
01:02:27,690 --> 01:02:31,120
- The dividends are now being
reinvested in our company,
1095
01:02:31,220 --> 01:02:34,760
which we all share
in the success of.
1096
01:02:34,860 --> 01:02:38,090
- And what if we we
don't want to reinvest?
1097
01:02:38,200 --> 01:02:41,600
What if we want to take
our money and leave?
1098
01:02:41,700 --> 01:02:44,770
- Thinking about building
cars yourself, is that it?
1099
01:02:44,870 --> 01:02:46,570
That's why you want the money?
1100
01:02:46,670 --> 01:02:50,670
- The Model T is a toy
compared to the car we make.
1101
01:02:52,040 --> 01:02:52,910
- The car.
1102
01:02:56,080 --> 01:02:59,580
You two may know how
to build engines,
1103
01:02:59,690 --> 01:03:02,550
but you have no
idea build a car.
1104
01:03:05,060 --> 01:03:09,430
- Someday, Henry, all the
people that own a Ford,
1105
01:03:09,530 --> 01:03:11,930
they're going to want a Dodge.
1106
01:03:16,600 --> 01:03:18,800
- [Narrator] Ford knows
that without dividends,
1107
01:03:18,900 --> 01:03:23,070
the Dodges will have less money
to start their own company.
1108
01:03:24,010 --> 01:03:28,580
Success is changing Ford,
making him more determined
1109
01:03:28,680 --> 01:03:32,680
to be the only one with a
say his company's fortunes.
1110
01:03:34,120 --> 01:03:36,590
- He was the most
famous American.
1111
01:03:36,690 --> 01:03:39,620
He was beloved by everybody,
1112
01:03:39,690 --> 01:03:44,030
and it's sad because it's
at just about that moment
1113
01:03:44,130 --> 01:03:47,600
that the bad Henry
Ford begins to emerge.
1114
01:03:48,770 --> 01:03:52,100
- [Narrator] Ford starts a
rumor he's leaving the company
1115
01:03:52,200 --> 01:03:55,840
to try to make the stock
even less valuable.
1116
01:03:57,780 --> 01:04:00,510
It's a move that
shocks the world
1117
01:04:01,680 --> 01:04:03,250
and it's one that
will change the life
1118
01:04:03,350 --> 01:04:05,180
of his only son, Edsel.
1119
01:04:06,620 --> 01:04:08,950
- Being Henry Ford's son, I
wouldn't wish that on anybody.
1120
01:04:09,050 --> 01:04:11,690
I mean, how can you
follow up on a man
1121
01:04:11,790 --> 01:04:13,690
that changed the world?
1122
01:04:14,690 --> 01:04:17,860
That's what he was
faced with, Edsel Ford.
1123
01:04:17,960 --> 01:04:21,870
- Henry and Edsel were
very different people.
1124
01:04:21,970 --> 01:04:26,240
Henry Ford was raised as
a farm boy, basically.
1125
01:04:26,340 --> 01:04:28,870
Edsel Ford was a rich man's son.
1126
01:04:30,410 --> 01:04:32,710
And here we begin to
see a real tragedy,
1127
01:04:32,810 --> 01:04:35,480
of almost Shakespearean scope.
1128
01:04:37,650 --> 01:04:38,680
- Gentlemen.
1129
01:04:41,520 --> 01:04:43,620
- [Narrator] Ford who is
looking to buy back the stock
1130
01:04:43,720 --> 01:04:46,790
he's given to the Dodges
and other investors
1131
01:04:46,890 --> 01:04:49,560
announces a shocking change.
1132
01:04:49,660 --> 01:04:53,900
- The new president of the
Ford Motor Company, Edsel Ford.
1133
01:04:54,900 --> 01:04:59,100
(crowd clamoring)
(dramatic music)
1134
01:05:02,340 --> 01:05:03,410
Edsel, do you think you're ready
1135
01:05:03,510 --> 01:05:05,910
to fill your father's shoes?
1136
01:05:06,010 --> 01:05:08,280
- I intend to try.
- Well, of course he is.
1137
01:05:08,380 --> 01:05:09,350
He's a Ford.
1138
01:05:10,820 --> 01:05:12,650
Isn't that right, son?
1139
01:05:19,480 --> 01:05:22,220
- [Narrator] The first f
1140
01:05:22,320 --> 01:05:26,220
have seen massive
change across America.
1141
01:05:26,320 --> 01:05:28,060
Cars have been responsible
for the creation
1142
01:05:28,160 --> 01:05:31,060
of a national road system
1143
01:05:31,160 --> 01:05:34,100
and the birth of
the middle class.
1144
01:05:34,530 --> 01:05:38,400
The big players in the
business are excelling.
1145
01:05:38,500 --> 01:05:42,740
Walter Chrysler has overseen
a massive turnaround at GM,
1146
01:05:42,840 --> 01:05:45,840
pulling it back from bankruptcy,
1147
01:05:45,940 --> 01:05:49,580
and Henry Ford as a plan
to restore to his family
1148
01:05:49,680 --> 01:05:53,420
complete control
of his auto empire
1149
01:05:53,520 --> 01:05:57,520
while crushing his partners
Horace and John Dodge.
1150
01:05:59,790 --> 01:06:01,360
Henry Ford's move to step down
1151
01:06:01,460 --> 01:06:03,630
and appoint his
young son president
1152
01:06:03,730 --> 01:06:06,600
sends Ford stock plummeting.
1153
01:06:06,700 --> 01:06:09,760
- Edsel was president
in name only.
1154
01:06:09,870 --> 01:06:11,370
Of course Henry
Ford wasn't going to
1155
01:06:11,470 --> 01:06:14,040
take his hand off the company.
1156
01:06:16,310 --> 01:06:17,340
- [Narrator] Rattled investors,
1157
01:06:17,440 --> 01:06:19,040
including the Dodge Brothers,
1158
01:06:19,140 --> 01:06:23,350
are forced to take pennies on
the dollar for their share.
1159
01:06:26,820 --> 01:06:31,020
Ford snatches up every share
of his company at a cut rate
1160
01:06:31,890 --> 01:06:35,860
and suddenly the world's
largest manufacturing firm
1161
01:06:35,960 --> 01:06:39,360
now sits in the hands
of just one man.
1162
01:06:39,460 --> 01:06:41,700
- Henry Ford, he was the
world's first billionaire.
1163
01:06:41,800 --> 01:06:45,000
He bought out his
shareholders for $75 million.
1164
01:06:45,070 --> 01:06:49,070
- [Narrator] While Henry Ford
owns 100% of his business,
1165
01:06:49,170 --> 01:06:51,240
oil tycoon John Rockefeller owns
1166
01:06:51,340 --> 01:06:54,010
just one quarter
of Standard Oil.
1167
01:06:56,450 --> 01:06:59,310
Henry Ford is so
powerful he believes
1168
01:06:59,420 --> 01:07:01,580
he can do whatever he wants.
1169
01:07:07,290 --> 01:07:10,060
Horace and John Dodge are
quickly backed by investors
1170
01:07:10,160 --> 01:07:11,860
who know their reputation
1171
01:07:11,960 --> 01:07:14,860
as the best mechanical
minds in Detroit.
1172
01:07:14,970 --> 01:07:17,370
And they start to create
their own company.
1173
01:07:17,470 --> 01:07:18,530
- Hey, John.
1174
01:07:18,640 --> 01:07:20,700
- What do you need?
- Come take a look.
1175
01:07:20,800 --> 01:07:22,370
- [Narrator] They're
hell-bent on building a car
1176
01:07:22,470 --> 01:07:25,370
to compete with the Model T.
1177
01:07:25,480 --> 01:07:29,380
- All right, so even with
the second seat in the back.
1178
01:07:29,480 --> 01:07:30,780
- Mm-hmm.
1179
01:07:30,880 --> 01:07:32,280
- And we're gonna have
nothing up front, right here.
1180
01:07:32,380 --> 01:07:35,350
To fit that four-cylinder
up front like that.
1181
01:07:35,450 --> 01:07:36,380
- Yeah, yeah, yeah.
1182
01:07:36,450 --> 01:07:38,250
- What do you think?
1183
01:07:39,490 --> 01:07:41,760
- Ha, I like it.
1184
01:07:41,860 --> 01:07:45,190
- The Dodge Brothers came
out with their first car.
1185
01:07:45,300 --> 01:07:47,930
That first car included
much more powerful engine
1186
01:07:48,030 --> 01:07:50,400
and it sold for 795 at the time
1187
01:07:50,500 --> 01:07:53,540
that the Model T was
selling for $490.
1188
01:07:53,640 --> 01:07:55,370
- [Narrator] The
Dodges' first design
1189
01:07:55,470 --> 01:07:57,270
may be more expensive
than the Model T,
1190
01:07:57,370 --> 01:08:01,410
but it offers Americans
a new kind of automobile.
1191
01:08:01,510 --> 01:08:03,040
- What are gonna call this?
1192
01:08:03,150 --> 01:08:05,880
- This is going to be
called the Model 30.
1193
01:08:05,980 --> 01:08:10,220
- Model 30, brought to
you by the Dodge Brothers.
1194
01:08:10,320 --> 01:08:12,650
- [Narrator] The
1915 Dodge Model 30
1195
01:08:12,760 --> 01:08:15,490
features a series of
technological innovations
1196
01:08:15,590 --> 01:08:18,430
that revolutionize the industry.
1197
01:08:20,530 --> 01:08:23,670
It's powered by a 3.4
liter four-cylinder engine,
1198
01:08:23,770 --> 01:08:27,970
good for 35 horsepower,
60% more than the Model T.
1199
01:08:29,170 --> 01:08:32,340
It features a three-speed manual
sliding gear transmission,
1200
01:08:32,440 --> 01:08:36,340
a massive upgrade over the
Model T's two-speed design.
1201
01:08:36,450 --> 01:08:38,350
The Dodge 30 is housed
in the first ever
1202
01:08:38,450 --> 01:08:40,580
mass-produced all steel body,
1203
01:08:40,680 --> 01:08:43,020
making it the strongest
and most durable
1204
01:08:43,120 --> 01:08:45,350
automobile available
on the market,
1205
01:08:45,460 --> 01:08:48,460
all for under $800
or $20,000 today.
1206
01:08:51,430 --> 01:08:54,330
The Model 30 embodies
the Dodge tradition of
1207
01:08:54,430 --> 01:08:57,770
a tough, durable,
and reliable car.
1208
01:08:57,870 --> 01:08:59,670
- The Dodge Model
30 was leagues ahead
1209
01:08:59,770 --> 01:09:01,440
of what the Model T was.
1210
01:09:01,540 --> 01:09:04,010
Looking at a all unibody setup,
1211
01:09:04,110 --> 01:09:06,840
the car was safer,
the car ran better,
1212
01:09:06,940 --> 01:09:10,680
and it was by all
indications successful.
1213
01:09:10,780 --> 01:09:12,680
- [Narrator] Young George
S. Patton uses them
1214
01:09:12,780 --> 01:09:15,520
to hunt down Mexican
outlaw Pancho Villa
1215
01:09:15,620 --> 01:09:18,450
in a raid along
the Mexican border.
1216
01:09:19,720 --> 01:09:23,460
45,000 Model 30s sell
in its first year,
1217
01:09:23,560 --> 01:09:25,790
making Dodge the number
three car manufacturer
1218
01:09:25,900 --> 01:09:29,300
in the country, behind
only Ford and GM.
1219
01:09:30,270 --> 01:09:31,500
But unlike Patton,
1220
01:09:31,600 --> 01:09:35,040
some people see a
less-than-honorable use
1221
01:09:35,110 --> 01:09:36,570
for the Model 30.
1222
01:09:36,670 --> 01:09:39,570
(gun firing)
1223
01:09:39,680 --> 01:09:43,310
As Congress outlaws the
sale of alcohol in the US,
1224
01:09:43,410 --> 01:09:46,010
a new breed of criminal emerges.
1225
01:09:49,290 --> 01:09:52,350
- During the era of Prohibition,
it makes it a lot easier
1226
01:09:52,460 --> 01:09:54,760
for the crooks who
are delivering alcohol
1227
01:09:54,860 --> 01:09:57,590
that they have
vehicles of their own.
1228
01:09:57,690 --> 01:10:00,090
Nothing like it could
have emerged on the scale
1229
01:10:00,200 --> 01:10:02,360
that it did before automobiles.
1230
01:10:02,470 --> 01:10:05,070
- [Narrator] Bootleggers
start customizing their cars,
1231
01:10:05,170 --> 01:10:07,240
adding heavy duty suspensions,
1232
01:10:07,340 --> 01:10:11,410
removing seats, and installing
tanks to fill with liquor.
1233
01:10:11,510 --> 01:10:15,080
- The moonshiners,
they soup up their cars
1234
01:10:15,180 --> 01:10:19,410
so they can outrun the
revenuers, the federal agents.
1235
01:10:19,520 --> 01:10:21,850
Eventually these guys
who have the fast cars,
1236
01:10:21,950 --> 01:10:25,690
they decide to race
against each other.
1237
01:10:25,790 --> 01:10:28,020
It's no accident
that the original
1238
01:10:28,120 --> 01:10:32,360
NASCAR belt in America is
in this southeast region,
1239
01:10:32,460 --> 01:10:35,460
where the moonshine
business originated.
1240
01:10:35,530 --> 01:10:37,370
- It was in their best
interest to have fast cars
1241
01:10:37,470 --> 01:10:39,570
and great drivers, otherwise,
they'd all be in jail.
1242
01:10:39,670 --> 01:10:41,170
They're all running moonshine.
1243
01:10:41,270 --> 01:10:45,440
Now all but one race team
is there in the Carolinas.
1244
01:10:47,810 --> 01:10:52,080
(dramatic music)
(men yelling)
1245
01:10:57,850 --> 01:10:59,390
- [Narrator] With
crime on the rise
1246
01:10:59,490 --> 01:11:02,760
and a massive fortune to protect
1247
01:11:02,860 --> 01:11:04,660
Henry Ford wants some muscle.
1248
01:11:04,760 --> 01:11:07,430
(men yelling)
1249
01:11:18,780 --> 01:11:22,980
He finds it in a former sailor
turned bare-knuckle fighter.
1250
01:11:31,760 --> 01:11:33,920
His name is Harry Bennett.
1251
01:11:37,430 --> 01:11:41,430
Ford hires Bennett as head of
his internal security force.
1252
01:11:43,430 --> 01:11:46,830
- Henry Ford hired ex-thugs,
ex-football players,
1253
01:11:46,940 --> 01:11:50,540
big strong men, and he
also put Harry Bennett
1254
01:11:50,640 --> 01:11:53,270
in charge of protecting
himself from extortion,
1255
01:11:53,380 --> 01:11:56,180
from kidnapping, from harm.
1256
01:11:56,280 --> 01:11:58,850
And Harry Bennett had to
control the workforce.
1257
01:11:58,950 --> 01:12:03,150
The way he did that was
through fear and intimidation.
1258
01:12:04,450 --> 01:12:06,220
- The reason Harry
Bennett wore the bowtie
1259
01:12:06,320 --> 01:12:09,290
as opposed to a regular tie,
1260
01:12:09,390 --> 01:12:13,630
somebody couldn't grab it and
immobilize you for a punch.
1261
01:12:16,170 --> 01:12:17,130
- [Narrator] Bennett
is everything
1262
01:12:17,230 --> 01:12:19,870
Ford's son Edsel
is not.
1263
01:12:19,970 --> 01:12:23,400
and quickly becomes
Henry's right-hand man.
1264
01:12:25,140 --> 01:12:28,380
- Edsel was a different
person than his father.
1265
01:12:28,480 --> 01:12:31,350
He was really interested
in the way cars looked.
1266
01:12:31,450 --> 01:12:33,720
He was a man a wonderful taste,
1267
01:12:33,820 --> 01:12:37,320
loved the shapes, the
curves, the colors.
1268
01:12:46,430 --> 01:12:47,130
- Welcome back.
1269
01:12:47,230 --> 01:12:48,560
How was your trip?
1270
01:12:54,270 --> 01:12:56,340
- What is that?
1271
01:12:56,440 --> 01:12:58,410
- It's a new design
for the Model T.
1272
01:12:58,510 --> 01:12:59,510
It's just a prototype.
1273
01:12:59,610 --> 01:13:00,580
It's still in development,
1274
01:13:00,680 --> 01:13:03,580
but I think it has
some improvements.
1275
01:13:12,620 --> 01:13:13,920
- Improvements?
1276
01:13:31,980 --> 01:13:34,910
(glass shattering)
1277
01:13:40,410 --> 01:13:44,540
- [Narrator] The US now leads
the world in m
1278
01:13:45,150 --> 01:13:48,450
and the auto industry
is at the forefront
1279
01:13:48,550 --> 01:13:51,380
with three firms dominating.
1280
01:13:51,490 --> 01:13:54,450
Ford at number one,
GM at number two,
1281
01:13:54,560 --> 01:13:56,720
and Dodge at number three.
1282
01:13:57,760 --> 01:14:01,130
These giants are reshaping
the country in their image
1283
01:14:01,230 --> 01:14:04,860
with miles of paved roads
allowing for developed land
1284
01:14:04,970 --> 01:14:08,470
just outside urban
centers in the suburbs
1285
01:14:09,300 --> 01:14:11,700
and accelerating the
development of the middle class
1286
01:14:11,810 --> 01:14:13,870
that will define America.
1287
01:14:15,580 --> 01:14:17,210
The third decade
of the 20th century
1288
01:14:17,310 --> 01:14:20,480
starts with change at
the Ford Motor Company.
1289
01:14:20,580 --> 01:14:23,920
As Henry Ford's son,
Edsel, is named president,
1290
01:14:24,020 --> 01:14:28,220
and the transition of power
is not going smoothly.
1291
01:14:30,020 --> 01:14:32,890
(glass shattering)
1292
01:14:42,500 --> 01:14:45,770
- There's nothing
wrong with the Model T.
1293
01:14:46,780 --> 01:14:50,440
Certainly nothing that
can be fixed by you.
1294
01:14:52,850 --> 01:14:55,350
- Henry Ford felt
like motivating people
1295
01:14:55,450 --> 01:14:59,450
by treating them badly
was the key to success,
1296
01:15:01,490 --> 01:15:03,390
and the way he treated Edsel,
1297
01:15:03,490 --> 01:15:06,430
constantly intentionally
disparaging him,
1298
01:15:06,530 --> 01:15:08,430
intentionally rejecting
his suggestions
1299
01:15:08,530 --> 01:15:11,360
as a way of motivating
him to be better,
1300
01:15:11,470 --> 01:15:14,870
this is Henry Ford's
philosophy of life.
1301
01:15:22,480 --> 01:15:24,880
- [Narrator] William Durant
whose company, Chevrolet,
1302
01:15:24,980 --> 01:15:26,950
is quietly finding market share
1303
01:15:27,050 --> 01:15:31,050
quickly puts him to
place his ultimate plan.
1304
01:15:31,150 --> 01:15:33,890
- Durant came up with an
idea of how to get back
1305
01:15:33,990 --> 01:15:36,760
at General Motors
and at the people
1306
01:15:36,860 --> 01:15:39,630
that threw him out
of the company.
1307
01:15:40,900 --> 01:15:42,530
He was buying stock
of General Motors
1308
01:15:42,630 --> 01:15:45,830
and he'd acquired
quite a few shares.
1309
01:15:50,840 --> 01:15:54,470
- [Narrator] Once Durant
secretly aquires enough GM stock
1310
01:15:54,580 --> 01:15:56,340
to have a controlling interest,
1311
01:15:56,440 --> 01:15:58,950
he merges it with Chevrolet
1312
01:15:59,050 --> 01:16:00,680
and suddenly William Durant
1313
01:16:00,780 --> 01:16:03,180
is back running
the company he founded.
1314
01:16:05,350 --> 01:16:06,620
- Billy Durant is buying up
1315
01:16:06,720 --> 01:16:08,450
all of these automobile
manufactures.
1316
01:16:08,560 --> 01:16:11,460
Bought up Frigidaire,
home appliances,
1317
01:16:11,560 --> 01:16:16,260
anything that he felt could
be a center for profit
1318
01:16:16,360 --> 01:16:20,530
was something that he felt
should belong to General Motors.
1319
01:16:21,800 --> 01:16:24,200
- [Narrator] The man who
saved GM from bankruptcy
1320
01:16:24,310 --> 01:16:25,810
now has a new boss.
1321
01:16:31,210 --> 01:16:32,610
- Mr. Durant,
1322
01:16:34,220 --> 01:16:35,650
I'm Walter Chrysler.
1323
01:16:37,650 --> 01:16:39,350
Welcome back to GM.
1324
01:16:40,460 --> 01:16:41,550
Mr. Chrysler,
1325
01:16:44,560 --> 01:16:48,290
I've wanted to meet
with you for some time,
1326
01:16:48,400 --> 01:16:50,460
to talk about a few things.
1327
01:16:52,300 --> 01:16:54,370
By cutting the gloss coat
from the undercarriage,
1328
01:16:54,470 --> 01:16:56,200
we've been able to reduce cost.
1329
01:16:56,300 --> 01:16:57,700
- It sounds like a fine idea.
1330
01:16:57,810 --> 01:17:01,970
I'm sure the boys upstairs
will make careful note of it.
1331
01:17:04,650 --> 01:17:07,380
- Chrysler was an
organized, practical man,
1332
01:17:07,480 --> 01:17:09,650
and Durant was anything but.
1333
01:17:10,650 --> 01:17:14,020
Durant was a visionary
and he did not take time
1334
01:17:14,120 --> 01:17:16,090
to work out the details.
1335
01:17:17,160 --> 01:17:21,360
- Mr. Durant, is there a better
time for us to discuss this?
1336
01:17:22,630 --> 01:17:26,330
- Keep up the good
work, Mr. Chrysler.
1337
01:17:26,430 --> 01:17:28,370
Thanks for coming by.
1338
01:17:33,510 --> 01:17:34,510
Thank you.
1339
01:17:37,510 --> 01:17:39,450
Nice to finally meet you.
1340
01:17:45,990 --> 01:17:48,390
- [Narrator] Chrysler's
attention to detail doesn't mesh
1341
01:17:48,490 --> 01:17:51,360
with Durant's management style.
1342
01:17:51,460 --> 01:17:52,430
- Chrysler has enough.
1343
01:17:52,530 --> 01:17:54,360
He didn't like
dealing with Durant.
1344
01:17:54,460 --> 01:17:58,430
He said, Billy, you and
I can never get along.
1345
01:17:59,300 --> 01:18:01,770
He had made a lot of
money with the arrangement
1346
01:18:01,870 --> 01:18:05,040
that he had with General Motors.
1347
01:18:05,140 --> 01:18:06,540
- [Narrator] Walter
Chrysler decides
1348
01:18:06,640 --> 01:18:10,080
it's time to become
his own boss.
1349
01:18:10,180 --> 01:18:13,380
- Walter Chrysler always
had an appetite for risk
1350
01:18:13,480 --> 01:18:15,380
but this was more than that.
1351
01:18:15,480 --> 01:18:19,420
He knew that he had an
opportunity to be a success
1352
01:18:19,520 --> 01:18:22,050
beyond anybody's imagination.
1353
01:18:23,490 --> 01:18:24,420
- [Narrator] To raise capital,
1354
01:18:24,530 --> 01:18:26,360
Chrysler cashes in $10 million
1355
01:18:26,460 --> 01:18:31,930
of his GM stock, worth
140 million today.
1356
01:18:32,030 --> 01:18:34,330
- He had learned everything
there was to know
1357
01:18:34,440 --> 01:18:37,400
about manufacturing automobiles.
1358
01:18:37,510 --> 01:18:42,110
- [Narrator] He uses it to
buy Maxwell Motor Company.
1359
01:18:42,210 --> 01:18:45,010
Then, he redesigns
their best selling car,
1360
01:18:45,110 --> 01:18:46,810
the Maxwell Model 25.
1361
01:18:48,280 --> 01:18:50,250
- If you're willing to
spend more time working
1362
01:18:50,350 --> 01:18:51,780
longer and harder
than anyone else
1363
01:18:51,890 --> 01:18:54,850
if you're passionate about the
industry you're working in,
1364
01:18:54,960 --> 01:18:57,860
you'll stay open-minded
to new things that come in
1365
01:18:57,960 --> 01:18:59,760
and be able to succeed.
1366
01:18:59,860 --> 01:19:02,630
- [Narrator] The new Model
features the first mass-produced
1367
01:19:02,730 --> 01:19:07,000
six-cylinder engine and
varnished wood spoked wheels.
1368
01:19:07,100 --> 01:19:08,870
It is seen by many to
be one of the first
1369
01:19:08,970 --> 01:19:10,940
affordable luxury cars.
1370
01:19:13,940 --> 01:19:16,940
Chrysler sells over
30,000 in the first year,
1371
01:19:17,050 --> 01:19:19,850
but he knows that he
needs to expand his line
1372
01:19:19,950 --> 01:19:23,020
to compete with
industry leader Ford,
1373
01:19:24,450 --> 01:19:26,390
where new President
Edsel Ford is struggling
1374
01:19:26,490 --> 01:19:30,690
to prove himself as he continues
to push for new designs.
1375
01:19:32,460 --> 01:19:34,560
- Edsel Ford, he was a
nice man, Democratic,
1376
01:19:34,660 --> 01:19:39,370
will consult with people,
will take people's advice.
1377
01:19:39,470 --> 01:19:41,370
Henry Ford was the
complete opposite.
1378
01:19:41,470 --> 01:19:45,710
He was autocratic,
dictatorial, selfish,
1379
01:19:45,810 --> 01:19:49,540
ruthless, and cunning,
and so you had two
1380
01:19:49,640 --> 01:19:52,980
diametrically opposed
people and they had conflict
1381
01:19:53,080 --> 01:19:56,420
almost from the beginning
because of that.
1382
01:20:23,510 --> 01:20:25,510
- Don't waste your time.
1383
01:20:26,450 --> 01:20:30,680
You know better than to think
you're actually in charge.
1384
01:20:40,330 --> 01:20:42,660
- You'll never run this company,
1385
01:20:42,760 --> 01:20:46,100
not if I have anything
to say about it.
1386
01:20:54,480 --> 01:20:56,540
(coughing)
1387
01:20:58,650 --> 01:21:00,050
- How are you feeling?
1388
01:21:00,150 --> 01:21:01,710
- Like hell.
1389
01:21:01,820 --> 01:21:03,450
- You've looked better.
1390
01:21:04,420 --> 01:21:08,590
- You don't look so good
yourself. (coughing)
1391
01:21:09,420 --> 01:21:11,490
- [Narrator] At the country's
number three automaker,
1392
01:21:11,590 --> 01:21:13,730
the Dodge Brothers
continued to innovate
1393
01:21:13,830 --> 01:21:18,100
until circumstances beyond
their control intervened.
1394
01:21:20,500 --> 01:21:25,500
- The influenza
epidemic of 1918, 1919,
1395
01:21:25,770 --> 01:21:27,670
it changed the United States,
1396
01:21:27,780 --> 01:21:30,680
it changed it in every
conceivable way.
1397
01:21:30,780 --> 01:21:34,510
- [Narrator] The Spanish flu
is the world's worst pandemic,
1398
01:21:34,620 --> 01:21:38,680
transmitted by soldiers
returning from World War One.
1399
01:21:38,790 --> 01:21:41,620
It kills nearly
700,000 Americans,
1400
01:21:43,590 --> 01:21:46,630
10 times the number
killed in combat.
1401
01:21:48,960 --> 01:21:52,900
Worldwide, half a billion
people are infected,
1402
01:21:53,000 --> 01:21:56,440
1/3 of the global population,
1403
01:22:01,440 --> 01:22:04,410
and now the disease
threatens to rob the country
1404
01:22:04,510 --> 01:22:12,750
of two of its most
gifted car makers.
1405
01:22:13,350 --> 01:22:15,350
(swing music)
1406
01:22:16,310 --> 01:22:19,720
The US car industry,
1407
01:22:19,820 --> 01:22:21,750
led by Ford and GM,
1408
01:22:21,850 --> 01:22:24,190
has become big business,
1409
01:22:24,290 --> 01:22:28,190
selling eight million cars
and netting billions in profits
1410
01:22:28,290 --> 01:22:30,890
while creating a
national road system,
1411
01:22:31,000 --> 01:22:33,600
the suburbs, and a middle-class.
1412
01:22:34,930 --> 01:22:39,100
But the industry is starting
to experience growing pains.
1413
01:22:40,270 --> 01:22:42,510
(coughing)
1414
01:22:45,380 --> 01:22:46,180
- Here.
1415
01:22:51,150 --> 01:22:53,920
- [Narrator] The Spanish
flu afflicted millions,
1416
01:22:54,020 --> 01:22:56,450
including the Dodge Brothers.
1417
01:23:07,430 --> 01:23:11,870
John Dodge succumbs to
the epidemic in 1920,
1418
01:23:11,970 --> 01:23:13,370
and just a year later,
1419
01:23:13,470 --> 01:23:17,340
Horace follows him
into an early grave,
1420
01:23:17,440 --> 01:23:21,440
putting the country's number
three automaker in limbo.
1421
01:23:23,550 --> 01:23:24,850
- What a shame.
1422
01:23:27,350 --> 01:23:30,390
- The Dodge Brothers were
really geniuses in the field.
1423
01:23:30,490 --> 01:23:33,090
Unfortunately there's
no way to see how far
1424
01:23:33,190 --> 01:23:35,160
they could have gone
with their company
1425
01:23:35,260 --> 01:23:39,430
in terms of their impact
on the automotive world.
1426
01:23:40,500 --> 01:23:41,900
- [Narrator] The tragedy
gives Walter Chrysler
1427
01:23:42,000 --> 01:23:45,470
just the opportunity
he's been looking for.
1428
01:23:46,610 --> 01:23:50,070
- [Reporter] Mr. Chrysler,
over here, please.
1429
01:23:50,180 --> 01:23:52,410
- The Dodge Brothers widows
had sold the company.
1430
01:23:52,510 --> 01:23:56,350
It was being run by some
bankers who really didn't know
1431
01:23:56,450 --> 01:23:59,450
that much about
running a car company.
1432
01:24:03,050 --> 01:24:05,490
Chrysler saw the
opportunities in my Dodge
1433
01:24:05,560 --> 01:24:08,020
which not only had big factories
1434
01:24:08,130 --> 01:24:12,200
but also had a good
reputation as a company.
1435
01:24:12,300 --> 01:24:15,160
- [Narrator] Chrysler and his
investors pay $170 million,
1436
01:24:15,270 --> 01:24:18,840
nearly $11 billion
today, one of the largest
1437
01:24:20,270 --> 01:24:24,170
business transactions of
the twentieth century.
1438
01:24:27,550 --> 01:24:30,910
It's a move that
stuns the industry
1439
01:24:30,980 --> 01:24:33,880
and instantly makes Chrysler
one of the three biggest
1440
01:24:33,990 --> 01:24:35,790
car makers in America.
1441
01:24:36,720 --> 01:24:39,360
- Every day decisions
define who we are.
1442
01:24:39,460 --> 01:24:42,360
We're defined by
our opportunities,
1443
01:24:42,460 --> 01:24:46,360
not just the ones we capitalize
on as great inventors are
1444
01:24:46,460 --> 01:24:49,470
but also the ones we miss.
1445
01:24:49,570 --> 01:24:52,340
- As the market becomes more
refined and more sophisticated
1446
01:24:52,440 --> 01:24:55,410
the big players win and the
smaller players drop out
1447
01:24:55,510 --> 01:24:57,540
because they don't have
the efficiency of scale
1448
01:24:57,610 --> 01:24:59,980
that the bigger players
have, and pretty soon,
1449
01:25:00,080 --> 01:25:02,450
you had just the big three.
1450
01:25:07,520 --> 01:25:10,390
- [Narrator] The once chaotic
American auto industry
1451
01:25:10,490 --> 01:25:12,820
is now dominated
1452
01:25:13,190 --> 01:25:14,590
by Chrysler,
1453
01:25:15,630 --> 01:25:17,030
General Motors,
1454
01:25:17,800 --> 01:25:19,230
and Ford.
1455
01:25:21,170 --> 01:25:24,200
Three of the most influential
corporations America
1456
01:25:24,300 --> 01:25:26,440
and the world will ever see.
1457
01:25:27,470 --> 01:25:29,540
They come to be known
simply as:
1458
01:25:29,640 --> 01:25:31,870
"The Big Three".
1459
01:25:31,980 --> 01:25:35,380
- The new name for progress
will be General Motors.
1460
01:25:35,480 --> 01:25:36,350
- [Narrator] The
cars they produce
1461
01:25:36,450 --> 01:25:39,380
drive America into the future,
1462
01:25:39,480 --> 01:25:43,690
but the road ahead tests
the might and the will
1463
01:25:43,790 --> 01:25:45,360
of the nation
1464
01:25:45,460 --> 01:25:47,020
(engines rev)
1465
01:25:47,130 --> 01:25:49,530
in a battle that will soon erupt
1466
01:25:49,630 --> 01:25:53,060
in an all-out war.
1467
01:25:54,800 --> 01:25:56,800
(glass breaking)
1468
01:26:00,440 --> 01:26:01,200
- [Narrator] On the next episode
1469
01:26:01,340 --> 01:26:03,470
of The Cars that Made America.
1470
01:26:03,580 --> 01:26:06,180
The Roaring 20s bring
prosperity to the country
1471
01:26:06,280 --> 01:26:10,180
as the car becomes the
heart of American culture.
1472
01:26:10,280 --> 01:26:12,180
And the big three
battle to capitalize
1473
01:26:12,280 --> 01:26:14,620
on an auto obsessed nation.
1474
01:26:14,720 --> 01:26:18,350
- All I want to do
is crush Henry Ford.
1475
01:26:18,460 --> 01:26:20,590
- [Narrator] But as economic
turmoil crashes the party,
1476
01:26:20,690 --> 01:26:23,430
labor violence threatens
to bring Detroit
1477
01:26:23,530 --> 01:26:24,760
to its knees.
1478
01:26:24,860 --> 01:26:27,730
- That key is going
to kill someone.
115104
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