Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:27,000
At this spot on the 25th of June, 1759, Britain's James Wolfe gets his first view of the French
2
00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:29,000
fortress of Quebec.
3
00:00:29,000 --> 00:00:31,000
He has 100 days to conquer.
4
00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:38,000
Today, it's Quebec's most famous park.
5
00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:44,000
Then, it was a Hilly Cal pasture owned by Abraham Martin.
6
00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:51,000
On these few Canadian acres, a battle was fought at the side of the fate of two new pirates.
7
00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:56,000
That's at the stage for the American evolution.
8
00:00:56,000 --> 00:01:02,000
The guarantee to be back with the French and the vastness of North America English.
9
00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:03,000
You fire!
10
00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:11,000
I think it resonates because it is a story full of larger-than-life characters, flawed characters, doomed characters.
11
00:01:11,000 --> 00:01:16,000
And there's so much legend woven into the story.
12
00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:24,000
For many Quebecers, this was a conquest that was so dreadful that Wolfe is still reviled as a workman.
13
00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:45,000
On the French side, the generals equally controversial did not come through victory away by insisting on a big army practice.
14
00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:58,000
Instead of the guerrilla warfare so successful for insurgencies, there is still a great mystery.
15
00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:08,000
How did the British move an army down river 14 kilometers and scaled its fifth with 4,500 men, virtually undetected?
16
00:02:09,000 --> 00:02:16,000
The team of scientists and historians will find some revealing answers.
17
00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:33,000
The battle fought here on the Hilly plains of Abraham is a decisive moment in a much larger war.
18
00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:39,000
Some call it the French and Indian War, others the Seven Years' War.
19
00:02:39,000 --> 00:02:43,000
But it's now clear that it is truly the first World War.
20
00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:52,000
Two superpowers, England and France, confront each other across continents and oceans, fighting for supremacy.
21
00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:59,000
Before it ends, the war will have spread from England and the European continent to India, Africa.
22
00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:03,000
The Americas and the Caribbean Sea.
23
00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:09,000
But the most crucial battle will be fought at Quebec.
24
00:03:19,000 --> 00:03:26,000
Our story begins in the French countryside with the retired French colonel whose luck has suddenly taken a turn for the better.
25
00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:37,000
On the 3rd of April 1756, at his country of state at Cansiac, France, Mancant bids his wife and five children goodbye.
26
00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:44,000
He has been a soldier since the age of nine, a regimental captain by 16.
27
00:03:44,000 --> 00:03:52,000
Wounded many times as he rose to the rank of colonel, he is not as sprightly as his earlier years.
28
00:03:53,000 --> 00:04:04,000
Historian and retired General of France Jean-Pierre Pusu says Mancant has chosen first for his bravery, but then it gets complicated.
29
00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:09,000
Mancant made a military and made a decision to defend the world.
30
00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:15,000
The first time I was born was in Canada, and the first time I was born was in Paris.
31
00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:17,000
I was a physician.
32
00:04:17,000 --> 00:04:20,000
I was born in Paris, and I was born in Paris.
33
00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:23,000
I was born in the French countryside.
34
00:04:47,000 --> 00:04:52,000
I was born in Paris, and I was born in Paris.
35
00:04:52,000 --> 00:04:56,000
I was born in Paris, and I was born in Paris.
36
00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:06,000
It is simple.
37
00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:11,000
Threatened at home, France can spare little to defend far away Canada.
38
00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:15,000
Mancant has no idea what he is in for.
39
00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:23,000
In France, I was born in Paris, and I was born in Paris.
40
00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:28,000
I was born in Paris, and I was born in Paris.
41
00:05:28,000 --> 00:05:34,000
I was born in France, and I was born in France.
42
00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:43,000
For 150 years the French were welcomed by the Indian nations.
43
00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:49,000
The French made treaties with them, traded furs, even intermarried with them.
44
00:05:50,000 --> 00:05:53,000
The rivers of North America are their highways.
45
00:05:53,000 --> 00:06:00,000
By 1759 the leadership of an estimated 150,000 Indians is allied with the French.
46
00:06:05,000 --> 00:06:11,000
New France dominates the map with Indian alliances and forts keeping at bay 13 English colonies
47
00:06:11,000 --> 00:06:16,000
with 1 million Americans along the eastern seaboard.
48
00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:27,000
In 1759 new France is dismissed as a few acres of snow by the French.
49
00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:30,000
Canada has become a drag.
50
00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:34,000
The fur trade is maintained to keep the Indians on side,
51
00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:39,000
but it's no longer the immensely profitable venture it once was.
52
00:06:39,000 --> 00:06:44,000
The country is not very false, the country is not very rich,
53
00:06:44,000 --> 00:06:47,000
but the party is not very rich.
54
00:06:47,000 --> 00:06:50,000
It's not very strategic.
55
00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:58,000
In all of New France, which stretches from Quebec to New Orleans,
56
00:06:58,000 --> 00:07:01,000
there are only 55,000 French-speaking citizens.
57
00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:04,000
The people of New France have no input.
58
00:07:04,000 --> 00:07:08,000
Their earth becomes strategic partners in a global war.
59
00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:22,000
The officer chosen by England to drive a sword through the heart of New France
60
00:07:22,000 --> 00:07:28,000
is the 32-year-old James Wolff, soon to be the youngest major general in the British Army.
61
00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:34,000
A renaissance man steeped in history, flew into the French and skilled with tactics.
62
00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:42,000
An officer since the age of 12, in battle after battle, he has proven himself a skillful strategist.
63
00:07:42,000 --> 00:07:47,000
His letter is demonstrated soldier who knows his profession inside her.
64
00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:51,000
But it's a week on that right side.
65
00:07:51,000 --> 00:07:52,000
More practice.
66
00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:53,000
Lots of water.
67
00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:55,000
Stop.
68
00:07:57,000 --> 00:08:00,000
You asked what your brother must study to become a good soldier.
69
00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:03,000
He may begin with the King of Prussia's regulations for horse and foot,
70
00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:09,000
saying a name for all the concerns artillery of the ancient Caesar, the Thucydides,
71
00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:13,000
Xenophon's life of Cyrus and the retreat of the 10,000 Greeks.
72
00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:18,000
Wolff is a very professional officer, and he is making waves.
73
00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:23,000
Artists are busy depicting his leadership of an amphibious landing
74
00:08:23,000 --> 00:08:26,000
which led to the capture of the French fortress at Louis-Bourg,
75
00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:29,000
a gateway to the St. Lawrence and Quebec.
76
00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:39,000
Wolff has cut the eye of Britain's grand imperialist, its parliamentary leader,
77
00:08:39,000 --> 00:08:41,000
William Pitt the Younger.
78
00:08:43,000 --> 00:08:47,000
Pitters ways England to spend a fortune building the best navy in the world,
79
00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:52,000
a navy that can ferry and fight with a new British army.
80
00:08:54,000 --> 00:08:57,000
This is the British Empire's creation moment,
81
00:08:57,000 --> 00:09:01,000
observed historian Colonel Roman Yara Movitz.
82
00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:05,000
The British can pick and choose and become strategic,
83
00:09:05,000 --> 00:09:09,000
like nailing them in India, sending Clive off to do great things
84
00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:12,000
and capturing a subcontinent, hitting them in the West Indies,
85
00:09:12,000 --> 00:09:16,000
all those sugar islands, and of course going after Canada.
86
00:09:16,000 --> 00:09:22,000
So it's a global war, not only in its size, but also its Olympian design.
87
00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:27,000
Its idea is strategically bold.
88
00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:33,000
England and Europe, he says, will be far forward in North America.
89
00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:41,000
Wolff is appointed to take command of the Quebec expedition,
90
00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:44,000
but Wolff is unsure he is up to the job.
91
00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:48,000
Illness is his Achilles heel.
92
00:09:49,000 --> 00:09:53,000
Some historians argue he is suffering from tuberculosis, consumption,
93
00:09:53,000 --> 00:09:55,000
from which there is no cure.
94
00:09:57,000 --> 00:10:04,000
I have this day signified to Mr. Pitt that he made his bows of my slight carcass as he pleases,
95
00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:09,000
and that I am ready for any undertaking within the reach of my skill and cunning.
96
00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:16,000
There are even rumours that Wolff is insane.
97
00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:21,000
What's that great line that the King of England gives when someone tells them
98
00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:24,000
well they are thinking of promoting Wolff, you can't possibly promote this man,
99
00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:27,000
he is mad, and the King says mad, is he?
100
00:10:27,000 --> 00:10:31,000
Well I hope he bites some of my generals, because Wolff performs.
101
00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:43,000
Before departing to assault Quebec, Wolff has conquered the heart of Catherine Lauther.
102
00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:48,000
She is from the nobility, beautiful and fabulously wealthy.
103
00:10:51,000 --> 00:10:56,000
Before he sails, Catherine gives him her portrait and a locket of her hair.
104
00:10:57,000 --> 00:11:00,000
On his safe return, they plan to marry.
105
00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:07,000
Wolff has the greatest reason in the world to stay alive, he is in love.
106
00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:33,000
It is the summer of 1758, a French army is awaiting the approach of an immense English force.
107
00:11:34,000 --> 00:11:40,000
These are called the Lace Wars, where how you looked was as important as how you fought.
108
00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:45,000
While Wolff was gaining fame capturing Fort Louis-Bourdes,
109
00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:54,000
Wolff was here on the banks of Lake Champlain at a Fort English called Taekonderoga, the French Carillon.
110
00:11:56,000 --> 00:12:01,000
Fort Carillon guards Lake Champlain and the western waterway to New France.
111
00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:07,000
If the French army breaks here, the path is open to Montreal and Quebec City.
112
00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:17,000
Montcom constructs an avenue of wood and rush, an 18th century version of barbed wire,
113
00:12:17,000 --> 00:12:20,000
and faces his army behind Mr. Finsport.
114
00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:26,000
The 16,000th front English friend packs his apparel.
115
00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:32,000
Montcom's forces are delivered for the world.
116
00:12:33,000 --> 00:12:44,000
The French fire-wrinkle-dish ranks, instead of the British, are shocked at these hands.
117
00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:55,000
France is General Busoul is an expert on Montcom, and with the French called the Battle of Carillon.
118
00:12:56,000 --> 00:13:01,000
The Battle of Carillon is a result of the growth of Montcom.
119
00:13:02,000 --> 00:13:08,000
The path of the world is a part of the world's world's world's world.
120
00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:11,000
The French army is a member of the Grand Valley.
121
00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:20,000
Letters and journals from the time reveal that pure rego de Vaudroy is not impressed with Montcom.
122
00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:26,000
Bournain Quebec, Vaudroy is the governor, appointed by France the overall commander.
123
00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:30,000
But France has put Montcom in charge of the army.
124
00:13:31,000 --> 00:13:34,000
Both men believe they are in command.
125
00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:36,000
Vaudroy is an army.
126
00:13:37,000 --> 00:13:38,000
It's a big deal.
127
00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:43,000
In the city, the French army is a part of the world's world's world.
128
00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:46,000
We couldn't Sandwell.....
129
00:13:47,000 --> 00:13:56,000
...those communities and representation that were onlyThere mesh
130
00:13:57,000 --> 00:14:02,000
in Asia toKING into experience of their motivations.
131
00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:07,000
We are very tokenite.
132
00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:10,000
I am not a good person, but I am a good person.
133
00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:13,000
I am a good person, and I am a good person.
134
00:14:13,000 --> 00:14:14,000
I am a good person.
135
00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:16,000
I am a good person, and I am a good person.
136
00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:17,000
I am a good person.
137
00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:19,000
I am a good person.
138
00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:21,000
I am a good person.
139
00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:23,000
I am a good person.
140
00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:24,000
I am a good person.
141
00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:25,000
I am a good person.
142
00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:27,000
I am a good person.
143
00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:29,000
I am a good person.
144
00:14:29,000 --> 00:14:31,000
I am a good person.
145
00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:33,000
I am a good person.
146
00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:34,000
I am a good person.
147
00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:37,000
I am a good person.
148
00:14:37,000 --> 00:14:39,000
I am a good person.
149
00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:42,000
I am a good person.
150
00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:48,000
Guerrilla Warfare is called the Little Brother of War.
151
00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:57,000
The Europeans are appalled that they are Indian allies.
152
00:14:57,000 --> 00:15:00,000
Who sees scalping as a sacred act.
153
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:02,000
Aah!
154
00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:05,000
Today it is called Asymmetrical Warfare.
155
00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:09,000
Using terror to unnerve a more powerful opponent.
156
00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:20,000
Vodroy was born in Canada who understands the Canadian Francais as well as the units there.
157
00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:25,000
It feels that this is perhaps the best way of conducting a war against a continental army.
158
00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:29,000
You see much the same thing again in Iraq and Afghanistan.
159
00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:31,000
How do you defeat superpowers?
160
00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:35,000
Well, you fight them in ways that they are not prepared to fight.
161
00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:37,000
I am a good person.
162
00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:39,000
I am a good person.
163
00:15:39,000 --> 00:15:40,000
I am a good person.
164
00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:42,000
I am a good person.
165
00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:44,000
I am a good person.
166
00:15:44,000 --> 00:15:45,000
Aah!
167
00:15:49,000 --> 00:15:51,000
Soar the Anglais.
168
00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:58,000
Mo'con does not comprehend what Vodroy knows.
169
00:15:58,000 --> 00:16:05,000
That without the Indians and their terror tactics, the war would have been lost decades earlier.
170
00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:11,000
The financial cutbacks imposed by the French court are making relations shaky.
171
00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:13,000
It's all done.
172
00:16:15,000 --> 00:16:17,000
I am a good person.
173
00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:19,000
I am a very good historian.
174
00:16:19,000 --> 00:16:21,000
I am a good person.
175
00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:23,000
I am a good person.
176
00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:25,000
I am a good politician.
177
00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:27,000
I am a good person.
178
00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:29,000
I am a good person.
179
00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:31,000
I am a good person.
180
00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:36,000
Indian leaders back the French because the French keep their word.
181
00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:43,000
They distrust the British American colonists who want their land and will lie, steal and kill together.
182
00:16:43,000 --> 00:17:00,000
In the spring of 1759, the first ship of the season has spotted coming up the St. Lawrence.
183
00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:04,000
It arrives with Antoine de Bouguerville.
184
00:17:04,000 --> 00:17:11,000
He brings captured documents showing that a giant English armada is on its way to Quebec.
185
00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:14,000
And there will be no help from France.
186
00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:20,000
The objective principle of the French is the favorite of Mo'con.
187
00:17:20,000 --> 00:17:23,000
Historian Denis Vourgeois.
188
00:17:41,000 --> 00:18:01,000
The armies that appear on the Battle of Quebec are basically European armies who have absolutely no interest or affection for Canada.
189
00:18:01,000 --> 00:18:04,000
The French have no love for the French Canadians.
190
00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:06,000
They don't particularly like them.
191
00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:08,000
They often treat them cruelly.
192
00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:10,000
The British couldn't care less.
193
00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:13,000
They are professional armies. They arrive.
194
00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:16,000
They could have been fighting south of Paris or London.
195
00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:18,000
They happen to be fighting outside of Quebec.
196
00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:20,000
Leave the vote.
197
00:18:20,000 --> 00:18:21,000
Leave the vote.
198
00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:27,000
De Bouguerville will one day become a great explorer, rivaling Britain's Captain Cook.
199
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:30,000
He even has a flower named for him.
200
00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:35,000
He is only 29 and has the reputation of being quite a ladies man.
201
00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:37,000
They come in the game.
202
00:18:37,000 --> 00:18:41,000
Incredibly, it may put him and all of new friends in peril.
203
00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:45,000
We are going to go home.
204
00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:57,000
In early June, the British fleet had dressed St. Lawrence, beginning a 1,000 mile journey upriver to Quebec.
205
00:18:57,000 --> 00:19:07,000
This tall ship leads one of the biggest fleets assembled in British history.
206
00:19:07,000 --> 00:19:22,000
49 warships armed with 1,871 guns, manned by 13,500 soldiers and seamen, as well as 140 merchantmen, carrying the army's supplies.
207
00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:30,000
A board of 2,100 oil marines, equipped with 134 landing craft.
208
00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:38,000
The fleet is so vast, it stretches 100 miles downriver.
209
00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:44,000
In the far distance, Quebec is in sight, but there is a challenge.
210
00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:50,000
Coming upriver, Quebec is intimidating.
211
00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:53,000
The Indian word allegedly is where the river narrows and it does.
212
00:19:53,000 --> 00:20:00,000
Suddenly, the widest urban world becomes a doorway and a very narrow doorway.
213
00:20:01,000 --> 00:20:05,000
Near the French are counting on the river itself, for defence.
214
00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:14,000
They are convinced that the local service in treacherous currents and shoals will destroy the English ships, especially at traverse.
215
00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:19,000
Here the river splits. The upper channel to the north becomes impossible.
216
00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:26,000
The lore is dangerously narrow and below the surface a minefield of hidden reefs.
217
00:20:26,000 --> 00:20:29,000
The French have removed all marker boys.
218
00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:34,000
They did not count on the pamphlet and master James Cook.
219
00:20:35,000 --> 00:20:38,000
One day he will become legendary, mapping the Pacific.
220
00:20:39,000 --> 00:20:43,000
At Quebec, he is part of a team of navigators.
221
00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:52,000
They sail ahead of their motto, sounding the traverse from long boats, carefully mapping every hidden obstacle.
222
00:20:52,000 --> 00:20:55,000
A quarter less than seven!
223
00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:06,000
We're not used to the idea of a map affecting the course of history, but this one of the traverse opened the door to the back.
224
00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:16,000
The naval historian Victor Souther says Cook also found an ingenious solution for the fleet to navigate the narrow channel.
225
00:21:17,000 --> 00:21:23,000
They found the traverse, not much wider than the beam or the width across the largest warship, the 90 gun Neptune.
226
00:21:23,000 --> 00:21:29,000
And what he did was anchor the long boats themselves as buoys with their bows in and the sterns facing out.
227
00:21:30,000 --> 00:21:37,000
And the British warships had to sail through that very narrow line of long boats to soften the view of the L'Orlion.
228
00:21:38,000 --> 00:21:45,000
It must have been a majestic sight, one by one, these huge vessels moving up silently through this narrow channel.
229
00:21:46,000 --> 00:21:53,000
And when they arrived in the basin, there was a moment of astonishment for the French, who didn't expect that kind of naval achievement could occur.
230
00:21:54,000 --> 00:22:04,000
But it also was a moment of revelation for the British, because after ritually voyaging a thousand miles into the interior of the continents, suddenly there was their objective.
231
00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:10,000
There was the citadel sitting ahead of them, seemingly impregnable, glittering in the distance as it were.
232
00:22:11,000 --> 00:22:18,000
So for both sides it was a moment of dread or surprise or revelation, but certainly a moment of high emotion.
233
00:22:19,000 --> 00:22:28,000
And it is certainly a moment of high emotion from Montkomm, who has been assured such an English feat is impossible.
234
00:22:29,000 --> 00:22:34,000
By the best seaman and pilots, he says, seem to be either liars or ignoramuses.
235
00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:45,000
Wolf is not happy either. He was planning to attack the shoreline at Baupour, beside the city, but discovers that the French have it well defended.
236
00:22:49,000 --> 00:23:00,000
Wolf has 100 days to conquer Quebec. After that, the fleet must sail for England to escape being iced inland.
237
00:23:01,000 --> 00:23:09,000
Montkomm has to keep the English at bay off balance, even get lucky and earn their fleet.
238
00:23:11,000 --> 00:23:15,000
For the wooden ships of the time, fire is the greatest peril.
239
00:23:16,000 --> 00:23:23,000
Two nights after the English arrive, the French slathered seven old ships with tar and sent them a fire.
240
00:23:24,000 --> 00:23:27,000
It's unable to story, I think, to suffer.
241
00:23:28,000 --> 00:23:37,000
Fire ships were assembled up near the most of the St. Charles River, and then on the Ebbtide, they were let loose to come down through here.
242
00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:40,000
Nydia was, they would sweep down on the British vessels.
243
00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:51,000
In each case, the French ignited them too soon, and the British sailors were actually, in one case, able to row up with their longboats, put grapples into them, tow them off onto the shore.
244
00:23:52,000 --> 00:24:00,000
And the longboats managed to haul them out just in time, saying things like, damn Jack, do you ever take hell in tow before?
245
00:24:02,000 --> 00:24:08,000
Montkomms are, donically, observes that it is the most expensive firewood he has ever watched.
246
00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:17,000
The French
247
00:24:18,000 --> 00:24:23,000
Ongoing archaeological digs at Quebec City reveal history's small details.
248
00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:31,000
Bombarded and burnt walled from Wolf's siege of the city in 1759.
249
00:24:32,000 --> 00:24:39,000
Montkomms army is entrenched in the north of Quebec.
250
00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:49,000
Wolf lands his army in cannons across the St. Lawrence, and begins in bombardment so fierce, before shadows the Heriot bomb in Germany in the Second World War.
251
00:24:50,000 --> 00:24:56,000
Wolf does what bomber Harris does to Germany Wolf does to Quebec.
252
00:24:57,000 --> 00:24:59,000
Basically, we'll start off with the heavy bombardment.
253
00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:08,000
Batteries of troops leveling the city, what possible military use is it to level Quebec, and to blast these buildings apart.
254
00:25:09,000 --> 00:25:13,000
You're not killing any of Montkomms troops, but you are forcing the people to leave.
255
00:25:13,000 --> 00:25:14,000
You're destroying homes.
256
00:25:14,000 --> 00:25:19,000
The constant shelling of Quebec, the fires, that is demoralizing.
257
00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:33,000
By the time it's over, the cathedral and half the city will be reduced to blackened stone and burnt timbers.
258
00:25:36,000 --> 00:25:38,000
Historian Denis Vojuire
259
00:25:39,000 --> 00:25:42,000
The city of Paris is the first place to be.
260
00:25:43,000 --> 00:25:47,000
It's the first place to be in Paris, and it's the first place to be.
261
00:25:48,000 --> 00:25:51,000
It's the first place to be in the city.
262
00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:57,000
If you summon the place to surrender and it doesn't surrender, then you can bombard it.
263
00:25:58,000 --> 00:26:01,000
And the civilians in Quebec have been evacuated as French sources themselves tell us.
264
00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:07,000
By the time Wolf was really subjecting Quebec to a heavy bombardment, there were very few civilians in it.
265
00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:12,000
So I think if you're going to accuse Wolf of War crimes, we have to get this into proportion,
266
00:26:12,000 --> 00:26:17,000
and to think what a war crime really is, otherwise you're diluting the term.
267
00:26:33,000 --> 00:26:37,000
He did it because he was hoping that by doing this he would force Montkomm to come out,
268
00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:41,000
and do something to stop the ravage as he described it in his letter to Pitt.
269
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:44,000
So there was actually a reason for what was done.
270
00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:47,000
Now, did Wolf massacre civilians?
271
00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:50,000
Was there some bloody rampage through the St. Lawrence Valley?
272
00:26:50,000 --> 00:26:52,000
No, it wasn't. There's no evidence for that at all.
273
00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:56,000
What there is evidence for is that Wolf specifically mentioned,
274
00:26:56,000 --> 00:27:02,000
repeated in his official army orders, any man who harms a woman or child will face death.
275
00:27:02,000 --> 00:27:11,000
Precipitated by his own officers, Wolf is about to face a leadership crisis.
276
00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:22,000
Mid-summer, Wolf's frustration is mounting.
277
00:27:23,000 --> 00:27:27,000
My antagonist has wisely shut himself up in inaccessible entrenchments,
278
00:27:27,000 --> 00:27:34,000
so that I can't get at him without spilling a torrent of blood, and that perhaps too little purpose.
279
00:27:44,000 --> 00:27:47,000
Montkomm is at the head of a great number of bad soldiers,
280
00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:53,000
and I am at the head of a small number of good ones that wish for nothing so much as to fight him.
281
00:27:57,000 --> 00:28:04,000
The 31st of July, 1759, Wolf looks for a weak point in the Quebec defences.
282
00:28:05,000 --> 00:28:09,000
He launches an attack at Montmorasi Falls,
283
00:28:11,000 --> 00:28:15,000
and able to get his big ships with her cannon close enough to protect the landing,
284
00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:17,000
everything goes wrong.
285
00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:23,000
It has his fears. A torrent of British blood is spilled.
286
00:28:24,000 --> 00:28:27,000
210 killed, 230 wounded.
287
00:28:31,000 --> 00:28:35,000
The stress on the 32-year-old Wolf begins to tell.
288
00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:38,000
I am not willing.
289
00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:46,000
Montkomm is holding her brilliantly. Wolf's health is not.
290
00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:54,000
Preparing to fight a battle that will settle the fate of North America, Wolf is in constant pain.
291
00:28:57,000 --> 00:29:02,000
From his early twenties, Wolf is suffering from what his contemporaries refer to as the gravel,
292
00:29:02,000 --> 00:29:07,000
which is an accumulation of crystals in the bladder, something akin to kidney stones.
293
00:29:09,000 --> 00:29:14,000
We know from Wolf's own journal he has been tormented. His bladder is sadly racked.
294
00:29:15,000 --> 00:29:17,000
He is suffering this terrible pain.
295
00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:25,000
Francois, a table of blood.
296
00:29:25,000 --> 00:29:35,000
We know from a contemporary report which is sent back to one of Wolf's friends in England,
297
00:29:36,000 --> 00:29:43,000
that soon after arriving in Quebec, Wolf was passing bloody water. His urine was tainted with blood.
298
00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:51,000
Some historians argue Wolf is slowly dying of consumption, impurable tuberculosis,
299
00:29:51,000 --> 00:29:57,000
and so was suicidal, seeking a quick end, a glorious battlefield death.
300
00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:08,000
Historian Bromwell says this portrait, done at the time, is not the picture of a dying man.
301
00:30:10,000 --> 00:30:16,000
If you die of consumption, you don't get sent to Quebec in command of a major operation.
302
00:30:17,000 --> 00:30:25,000
So, he wasn't well, but whatever it was that was afflicting him, he'd learn to deal with, he'd learn to contain.
303
00:30:31,000 --> 00:30:35,000
Wolf's trio of second-in-command officers doubts his leadership.
304
00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:39,000
Brigadier's Mundt in Murray and Townsend.
305
00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:47,000
The ambitious, artistic Townsend did these cartoons of the Red-Herd Wolf and circulated them among the officers.
306
00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:56,000
Some reek of Townsend's upper-class view of the middle-class wolf and a certain amount of jealousy.
307
00:30:57,000 --> 00:31:12,000
The
308
00:31:13,000 --> 00:31:18,000
Imagine One of Caesar's legionnaires showing cheap and snotty-dirressive cartoons.
309
00:31:19,000 --> 00:31:25,000
It's unthinkable. And here, one of the great commanders of the British Army in his own officers' mess,
310
00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:32,000
trusted Brigadier's passing around insulting creatures at Pope, fun and ridicule his commanding officer.
311
00:31:33,000 --> 00:31:35,000
They're a difficult group to command and control.
312
00:31:36,000 --> 00:31:40,000
They probably could be brought to heel if Wolf had a plan to produce results.
313
00:31:41,000 --> 00:31:46,000
Wolf does it. His first major operational effort is basically D.E.P.
314
00:31:47,000 --> 00:31:49,000
landing at the Bocorchour and being massacred.
315
00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:59,000
Wolf is concentrating his operations below Quebec because his big ships and their cannons cannot get up the narrows of the St. Lawrence past the city.
316
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:07,000
The French and their cannons command the Heights and the prevailing wind is blowing west in the wrong direction.
317
00:32:08,000 --> 00:32:21,000
Right now we're passing through the narrows, which are right below the bluffs of Quebec, the highest point of the Iraqi formation, which the fortifications were built.
318
00:32:22,000 --> 00:32:30,000
And this was the most dangerous point. It was here that homes, our rear-endable homes, attempted to move some of the ships upriver into a landing upriver.
319
00:32:31,000 --> 00:32:39,000
Using flood tides, using east winds at night, they managed to get vessels as large as a subtlety, and other smaller frigates upriver, at least as far as Cap Rouge.
320
00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:52,000
Mocom was now defended territory stretching from the Bocorchour on the east, Quebec City and the centre, and Cap Rouge to the west.
321
00:32:53,000 --> 00:32:54,000
The Sevens are
322
00:32:59,000 --> 00:33:07,000
The Board of Sloopness typically means the terror of France, Wolf is searching for a place to land his army.
323
00:33:10,000 --> 00:33:13,000
He goes back to a spot discovered earlier in the summer.
324
00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:18,000
Master Koch, what must the possibilities be of a landing over there?
325
00:33:19,000 --> 00:33:24,000
The cliff is steep, but it's close to the city, and Wolf is desperate.
326
00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:27,000
I think they might do the job, sir.
327
00:33:29,000 --> 00:33:36,000
On the St Lawrence, just to the west of Quebec City, Wolf's landing spot, the Foulon Cove.
328
00:33:38,000 --> 00:33:46,000
It's so dangerously steep that the French officer commanding atop the cliff is convinced, like his superiors, that there is no threat.
329
00:33:46,000 --> 00:33:52,000
It's a very difficult place to land, and it's a very difficult place to land.
330
00:33:53,000 --> 00:33:55,000
There is the plan.
331
00:33:56,000 --> 00:34:12,000
While some Navy ships launch fake attacks along the Bocorchour, pinning down Mocom and most of his army, Wolf will float on the tie in a series of longboats from the anchorage at Cap Rouge to the landing spot at Foulon Cove.
332
00:34:13,000 --> 00:34:17,000
Split by Townsend, the generals derive Wolf's plan.
333
00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:22,000
Everyone down the line, I think, at some point, went, we're going to go where?
334
00:34:23,000 --> 00:34:26,000
At night? And do what?
335
00:34:27,000 --> 00:34:31,000
Okay, and your plan is...
336
00:34:32,000 --> 00:34:33,000
What is that?
337
00:34:34,000 --> 00:34:37,000
Sir, the latest rubbish being passed around.
338
00:34:43,000 --> 00:34:45,000
My brigadiers...
339
00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:48,000
...to cowards in a villain.
340
00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:54,000
One of the great unanswered questions of history, how did Wolf do it?
341
00:34:55,000 --> 00:34:57,000
I calculate that from this point.
342
00:34:58,000 --> 00:35:03,000
Wolf has intelligence from a French desert, that he is not sharing with his brigadiers.
343
00:35:04,000 --> 00:35:07,000
Half of Mocom's army is at Cap Rouge with the Wuggenville.
344
00:35:08,000 --> 00:35:13,000
At the Foulon Cove, most of the French Guard has been allowed to go home to collect the harvest.
345
00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:25,000
As well, there is a radical new theory about Wolf's approach to the attack, and why he picked the night of September 12, 1759 to carry it out.
346
00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:31,000
A number of historians were concerned with Wolf's reputation.
347
00:35:32,000 --> 00:35:41,000
The fact that many people had written about him as being a largely inept commander, who had largely stumbled on his victory, really needed to be put to rest.
348
00:35:44,000 --> 00:35:57,000
Some 250 years later, when the river conditions were exactly the same as the eve of the invasion, a boatload of nautical scientists and historians proved that Wolf's maneuver was far more than a piece of luck.
349
00:35:58,000 --> 00:36:05,000
So what these historians did was, using modern technology, including GPS technology, they essentially recreated that voyage.
350
00:36:06,000 --> 00:36:17,000
They departed from the anchorage at St. Niccolo at approximately the same time, on a night where you had the same conditions of moonlight, same conditions of tidal flow that Wolf had on September 12, 1759.
351
00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:26,000
And they found that they arrived at the Ansu Foulon landing site at exactly the time when Wolf, in fact, arrived, and as Wolf probably had planned.
352
00:36:27,000 --> 00:36:34,000
I'd suggest that there was far more intelligence and planning on Wolf's part the night of September 12, that has been recognized up until now.
353
00:36:39,000 --> 00:36:52,000
Conditions on the night in question were unusually good for exactly the kind of operation that was planned, and the position of the moon was also very favorable for troops coming down the river.
354
00:36:53,000 --> 00:37:08,000
Beyond the French fortifications, the moon rose illuminating most of the river, but the shoreline on the left is shadowed by the cliffs. This is where Wolf's flotilla come.
355
00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:21,000
Wolf's selection of the night of September 12 was masterly. He picked out only the appropriate time for tides. He also picked the night when the moon, in fact, it would be a mast, as operations were planned.
356
00:37:22,000 --> 00:37:24,000
And then the wind was
357
00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:27,000
from the vision of any watching sentries. It was a remarkable stroke.
358
00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:39,000
Wolf writes his fiancée, sending back to portrait and lock of her hair. Some say he was either suicidal or had a premonition.
359
00:37:43,000 --> 00:37:51,000
Any idea that the Foulon operation was some kind of hair-brained suicide mission, some kind of wolf death wish, just doesn't really stand up.
360
00:37:52,000 --> 00:38:05,000
It is a carefully planned risky, but carefully planned highly professional operation, which is a gamble and will depend on luck, but then again which military operation doesn't depend on luck.
361
00:38:06,000 --> 00:38:21,000
The Brahma has poetry. Wolf admires a poem called Grey's Elegy. His fiancée had given him a copy. His officers testify that on the eve of the battle, he recited the poem from memory.
362
00:38:22,000 --> 00:38:35,000
With a surprising finale. The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, and all that beauty, all that welfare gave, a waiter like the inevitable hour.
363
00:38:36,000 --> 00:38:40,000
Pals of glory lead butt to the grave.
364
00:38:44,000 --> 00:38:49,000
I would rather have written those words and take me back upon the morrow.
365
00:38:52,000 --> 00:39:15,000
A single lamp is lit on the flagship. The signal for Wolf's force to bore their landing craft. The signal to slip down River T
366
00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:32,000
is a plan of very human soldiers. For even the bravest, the prospect of battle triggers a well-known response. A blow or bullet to a full bladder boosts the risk of infection if it bursts.
367
00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:40,000
The action shows the tide has turned towards Quebec City.
368
00:39:40,000 --> 00:39:43,000
I believe we have our tide.
369
00:39:44,000 --> 00:39:53,000
With precision and in silence, both carrying the lead force of 1800 British soldiers begin a journey into history.
370
00:39:54,000 --> 00:39:59,000
The next few hours will decide who will rule North America and most of the world.
371
00:40:01,000 --> 00:40:04,000
While Wolf is approaching above Quebec,
372
00:40:04,000 --> 00:40:14,000
Montcom's force below this is firing away at the fate of English attacks designed to confuse the French general and but where the real assault is going to come.
373
00:40:21,000 --> 00:40:30,000
Montcom has called the old Fox, but as the hours march towards a decision, he has no idea what Wolf is up to.
374
00:40:31,000 --> 00:40:57,000
In 1788 aWhat does it mean to be a bit more forms going forward enough through all contracts and work really in La
375
00:40:57,000 --> 00:41:01,000
I want to make you swallow
376
00:41:01,000 --> 00:41:03,000
Good, good g cliché gracious!
377
00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:06,000
We both live this world now too,
378
00:41:06,000 --> 00:41:26,000
and we know that I am ZULO
379
00:41:26,000 --> 00:41:30,000
Suddenly a wall of rock and trees lunes up before them.
380
00:41:30,000 --> 00:41:34,000
Out of the night comes a challenge from a French century.
381
00:41:34,000 --> 00:41:35,000
Chiviv.
382
00:41:35,000 --> 00:41:38,000
Yelles of French century. Who goes there?
383
00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:41,000
La France. Viv La Roire.
384
00:41:41,000 --> 00:41:43,000
Answers the Fraser Highlander.
385
00:41:50,000 --> 00:41:53,000
Through a combination of luck and chance,
386
00:41:53,000 --> 00:41:57,000
the French had been planning to send a convoy of supply boats down river
387
00:41:57,000 --> 00:41:59,000
on the same night.
388
00:41:59,000 --> 00:42:02,000
And the contractor who was sending the boats down
389
00:42:02,000 --> 00:42:05,000
cancelled that voyage at the very last moment.
390
00:42:05,000 --> 00:42:09,000
But what he didn't forgot to do was to send a message to the French Commander
391
00:42:09,000 --> 00:42:12,000
Bougainville, Upper River, and who would pass it on to the centuries
392
00:42:12,000 --> 00:42:17,000
that the trip was cancelled so the centuries were expecting a passage of French boats.
393
00:42:24,000 --> 00:42:29,000
An officer records the exact moment of the landing, 404 a.m.
394
00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:34,000
The first English boats overshoot their landing beach by 400 paces
395
00:42:34,000 --> 00:42:40,000
and land on a rock beach basing a cliff so steep it seems straight up.
396
00:42:40,000 --> 00:42:43,000
I do not think we can buy any possible means here up here.
397
00:42:43,000 --> 00:42:46,000
It might indeed be a full-on hook.
398
00:42:46,000 --> 00:42:48,000
We must use our best endeavor.
399
00:42:49,000 --> 00:42:53,000
Softly, gentlemen. Softly.
400
00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:05,000
I'm dondered. The young Scots are unpractically bound up the start
401
00:43:05,000 --> 00:43:10,000
and then relentlessly pull themselves and two canons off the shale face.
402
00:43:10,000 --> 00:43:14,000
Their mood slipping, but holding on to shrubs and branches.
403
00:43:19,000 --> 00:43:24,000
This landing place ever since no one has wolves cold
404
00:43:24,000 --> 00:43:29,000
has less than three kilometers from the walls of Bougainville.
405
00:43:29,000 --> 00:43:50,000
They are climbing into the belly of the enemy, led by their general.
406
00:43:50,000 --> 00:43:55,000
These afflictions have been swept away in the surge of a drum.
407
00:44:00,000 --> 00:44:04,000
Carpe by surprise, defenders die on the spot.
408
00:44:04,000 --> 00:44:09,000
One escapes, they turn into a worth more calm.
409
00:44:10,000 --> 00:44:15,000
The next day, we are going to explore the next day.
410
00:44:15,000 --> 00:44:17,000
We are going to explore the city of Paris.
411
00:44:17,000 --> 00:44:21,000
We are going to explore the city of Paris,
412
00:44:21,000 --> 00:44:24,000
and we are going to explore the city of Paris.
413
00:44:24,000 --> 00:44:51,000
And at the end, we are going to look at the
414
00:44:54,000 --> 00:45:01,000
A cross Abraham Martin's pasture, Wolf sets out with a screen of soldiers to find the
415
00:45:01,000 --> 00:45:07,000
best place to confront the French, where the French about to spring some trap.
416
00:45:07,000 --> 00:45:12,000
Some thought Wolf was digging his own grave, putting himself between Bougainville and Cap Rouge
417
00:45:12,000 --> 00:45:15,000
and Montcomme at Quebec City.
418
00:45:15,000 --> 00:45:17,000
Or would he bury the French in that grave?
419
00:45:17,000 --> 00:45:20,000
We're in God's name of the French.
420
00:45:20,000 --> 00:45:24,000
And finally, after all these months, forcing them into battle.
421
00:45:50,000 --> 00:45:58,000
This soldier has run eight kilometers from the spot where Wolf landed.
422
00:45:58,000 --> 00:46:08,000
His message that Wolf and his army are ashore is not welcome.
423
00:46:08,000 --> 00:46:13,000
By 7 a.m. Wolf has landed 1500 soldiers.
424
00:46:13,000 --> 00:46:20,000
By 9 a.m. with the support of the big warships, the Navy is ferrying in other 3000 Redcoats,
425
00:46:20,000 --> 00:46:28,000
across the St. Lawrence, where they climbed the battlefield above.
426
00:46:28,000 --> 00:46:32,000
Governor Vodroy prepares a dispatch, alerting Bougainville of the landing.
427
00:47:02,000 --> 00:47:16,000
Montcomme was heard to whisper,
428
00:47:16,000 --> 00:47:19,000
they're the British stand where they ought not to be.
429
00:47:19,000 --> 00:47:23,000
They're not the only ones who are here.
430
00:47:23,000 --> 00:47:24,000
They're the only ones who are here.
431
00:47:24,000 --> 00:47:28,000
But they're not the only ones who are here.
432
00:47:28,000 --> 00:47:34,000
They're the only ones who are here, they're the only ones who are here.
433
00:47:34,000 --> 00:47:40,000
They're the only ones who are here, they're the only ones who are here.
434
00:47:40,000 --> 00:47:46,000
They're the only ones who are here, they're the only ones who are here.
435
00:47:49,000 --> 00:48:06,000
Captain All Night by Wolf's faken packs, Montcomme's exhausted army marches the battlefield.
436
00:48:06,000 --> 00:48:11,000
This original map referring to the heights of Abraham depicts the position of the opposing
437
00:48:11,000 --> 00:48:12,000
armies.
438
00:48:12,000 --> 00:48:19,000
Wolf's 4,500 men in red, and in front of the walls of Quebec, Montcomme's army in
439
00:48:19,000 --> 00:48:26,000
blue, with a force of similar size.
440
00:48:26,000 --> 00:48:53,000
justice, his
441
00:48:53,000 --> 00:49:05,000
37, 38, 39, 40.
442
00:49:05,000 --> 00:49:12,000
40 paces from the British line of stake marks the killing zone.
443
00:49:12,000 --> 00:49:21,000
No matter how many are shot down, the British troops will not fire until a French reach this spot.
444
00:49:23,000 --> 00:49:43,000
We only Acc toe Spo Greene did the exact same thing but could go for some line of stake marks.
445
00:49:43,000 --> 00:49:52,000
If on June 28, Lincoln undermined his line of stake marks,
446
00:49:52,000 --> 00:49:56,000
in its land is the biggest
447
00:49:57,000 --> 00:49:59,000
Free juices that infancy has grown
448
00:50:07,000 --> 00:50:09,000
How can other nations keep colour from the British?
449
00:50:13,000 --> 00:50:19,000
Crane will die, or be wounded before the battle begins
450
00:50:22,000 --> 00:50:33,000
But what the British plot could particularly, to the whole fashion of linear tactics, was
451
00:50:33,000 --> 00:50:39,000
an enormous discipline, the capacity to remain patiently waiting in an ordered formation,
452
00:50:39,000 --> 00:50:41,000
even while you're under fire.
453
00:50:41,000 --> 00:50:46,000
The British were supreme masters of that.
454
00:50:46,000 --> 00:50:55,000
The French and Indian sniping did the most damage at the far ends of the British line.
455
00:50:55,000 --> 00:51:01,000
Wolf promenade is nonchalance, steadies the men.
456
00:51:01,000 --> 00:51:04,000
He walks the front line, chatting casually.
457
00:51:04,000 --> 00:51:10,000
Wolf demonstrates absolutely no concern in the face of enemy fire.
458
00:51:34,000 --> 00:51:44,000
bones.
459
00:51:44,000 --> 00:51:46,000
Freyzers rise up.
460
00:51:46,000 --> 00:51:48,000
Here, you little gunner!
461
00:51:48,000 --> 00:51:50,000
Clear that brush!
462
00:52:04,000 --> 00:52:07,000
He is the moment of decision for Mulkam.
463
00:52:07,000 --> 00:52:11,000
Does he wait for a Bougainville and his elite force,
464
00:52:11,000 --> 00:52:14,000
or does he attack before the British are entrenched?
465
00:52:15,000 --> 00:52:18,000
That first rider that was finally caught up with him...
466
00:52:18,000 --> 00:52:20,000
was brought to Numberson of the translator,
467
00:52:20,000 --> 00:52:23,000
who outlooks his life hip-hop connection with the organization in New York.
468
00:52:23,000 --> 00:52:25,000
Is that a Latino?
469
00:52:25,000 --> 00:52:26,000
Let me just say.
470
00:52:26,000 --> 00:52:30,000
They are celebrated in the world about creating a library of buildings,
471
00:52:30,000 --> 00:52:39,000
this could not be
472
00:52:39,000 --> 00:52:43,000
produced in polls with the persones with if he was Teaching me.
473
00:52:43,000 --> 00:52:48,000
There is a great unresolved mystery.
474
00:52:48,000 --> 00:52:50,000
Where was Bougainville?
475
00:52:50,000 --> 00:52:57,000
With 2,000 soldiers, his headquarters is at Cap Rouge.
476
00:52:57,000 --> 00:53:05,000
He is responsible for defending the territory, where Wolf is landing at the full on cold.
477
00:53:05,000 --> 00:53:20,000
When popular legend is Bougainville far from his post, in the arms of another man's wife, a certain madame to Vien.
478
00:53:21,000 --> 00:53:33,000
Moving after spending weeks of great attention to duty, left Cap Rouge on the night of September 12th to have dinner, and perhaps more with Madame de Vien.
479
00:53:33,000 --> 00:53:37,000
And that night, Wolf picked to make us landing.
480
00:53:38,000 --> 00:53:44,000
General Troussou supports the official story, where it takes time to get an army marching.
481
00:53:45,000 --> 00:53:55,000
Bougainville magnates as he combines with the most powerful troops under the borders of his army.
482
00:53:56,000 --> 00:54:04,000
Once Bougainville BenjaminongPs cast victory for his angle, he begins the fight against other troops and his soldiers arguments at the appropriately speaking army.
483
00:54:04,000 --> 00:54:07,000
America
484
00:54:10,000 --> 00:54:13,000
There are many here in Russia
485
00:54:13,000 --> 00:54:15,000
who have taken such a long time
486
00:54:19,000 --> 00:54:21,000
And never until all night
487
00:54:22,000 --> 00:54:25,000
There is a EdgeoreAnd
488
00:54:25,000 --> 00:54:29,000
in which people are familiar with their heads
489
00:54:29,000 --> 00:54:32,000
This is a excellent invented
490
00:54:32,000 --> 00:54:34,000
When others go years,
491
00:54:34,000 --> 00:54:37,000
the fear of having a bullying could cause drama.
492
00:54:37,000 --> 00:54:39,000
I wasses naturally and nasty.
493
00:54:40,000 --> 00:54:43,000
But I find it more attractive to families
494
00:54:43,000 --> 00:54:46,000
to cruise around the festers withING.
495
00:54:46,000 --> 00:54:50,000
Governments always believe God.
496
00:55:02,000 --> 00:55:05,000
Really,ères, in this pouch, in this pouch.
497
00:55:08,000 --> 00:55:09,000
Run!
498
00:55:09,000 --> 00:55:09,000
A jump
499
00:55:14,000 --> 00:55:32,000
May the
500
00:55:32,000 --> 00:55:33,000
Get in!
501
00:55:45,000 --> 00:55:46,000
Get fire!
502
00:55:52,000 --> 00:55:57,000
The battle of the plains of Abraham is often seen as a triad for controlled British firepower.
503
00:55:57,000 --> 00:56:04,000
In the centre of the line, two of the battalions, some sort of 700 men there, apparently delivered their fire as one mast folly.
504
00:56:04,000 --> 00:56:09,000
Each musket was loaded with two balls. Each of those balls weighed more than an ounce.
505
00:56:10,000 --> 00:56:18,000
I'm not a mathematician, but you think about it, 40 yards range of pouring in a heavy amount of lead into those oncoming columns.
506
00:56:20,000 --> 00:56:26,000
So in many respects it had the same effect as the machine gun did in the first World War.
507
00:56:27,000 --> 00:56:34,000
Wolf has made too good a target, although it smashes him in the wrist.
508
00:56:39,000 --> 00:56:40,000
Get the advance!
509
00:56:41,000 --> 00:56:42,000
Careful!
510
00:56:42,000 --> 00:56:43,000
Attack!
511
00:56:43,000 --> 00:56:44,000
Attack!
512
00:56:44,000 --> 00:56:45,000
Attack!
513
00:56:45,000 --> 00:56:46,000
Attack!
514
00:56:48,000 --> 00:56:50,000
There are differing accounts of the enemy.
515
00:56:51,000 --> 00:56:56,000
It could have been snipers, but more likely a cannon loaded with golf ball-sized shot.
516
00:56:57,000 --> 00:57:04,000
Wolf has struck in the groin and squared in the chest.
517
00:57:05,000 --> 00:57:09,000
Don't let the men see me down, he said.
518
00:57:11,000 --> 00:57:17,000
Wolf has carried off the field, but after 100 meters, he cannot go on.
519
00:57:19,000 --> 00:57:23,000
On the battlefield, it is a decisive moment.
520
00:57:24,000 --> 00:57:29,000
As Wolf lies down, the French line breaks.
521
00:57:30,000 --> 00:57:40,000
French Canadian militia used to grill the warfare, and our treaty will blank with these long-term, constant towns, and build your main style.
522
00:57:41,000 --> 00:57:48,000
By the time the smoke cleared from the third volley, it was evident that the discipline British fire had essentially destroyed the French formations.
523
00:57:49,000 --> 00:57:54,000
It had only taken ten minutes, but it was ten minutes that decided to fade of North America.
524
00:57:55,000 --> 00:57:56,000
They run.
525
00:57:59,000 --> 00:58:01,000
Look how they run.
526
00:58:01,000 --> 00:58:02,000
Oh, all runs.
527
00:58:02,000 --> 00:58:03,000
The enemies!
528
00:58:04,000 --> 00:58:06,000
They give way everywhere.
529
00:58:11,000 --> 00:58:13,000
Now I die, content.
530
00:58:18,000 --> 00:58:19,000
Why not?
531
00:58:21,000 --> 00:58:22,000
You're the Colonel, back.
532
00:58:22,000 --> 00:58:30,000
Wolf's final order is a command to Colonel Burton, telling him to march a regiment down to the river and cut off the French retreat.
533
00:58:34,000 --> 00:58:36,000
No, don't be brave.
534
00:58:37,000 --> 00:58:39,000
I die in peace.
535
00:58:39,000 --> 00:58:52,000
The law of his Majesty's ship, Louis Tauft, recorded how it went today.
536
00:58:53,000 --> 00:58:56,000
At seven landed all our troops on the North Shore.
537
00:58:56,000 --> 00:59:00,000
At ten, our troops began a general action with the French.
538
00:59:01,000 --> 00:59:05,000
At eleven, it was brought on board the corpse of General Wolf.
539
00:59:09,000 --> 00:59:18,000
After a long time ago, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy, the enemy.
540
00:59:19,000 --> 00:59:26,000
The Fraser Hyung and the closing uncle back, when they suddenly went to the river in fire, the French Canadian militia and the Indians.
541
00:59:27,000 --> 00:59:32,000
They stopped their time, and to the moment, they saved the city.
542
00:59:33,000 --> 00:59:36,000
But the battle is lost.
543
00:59:36,000 --> 00:59:39,000
You are here.
544
00:59:39,000 --> 00:59:49,000
That is your territory targets mine card.
545
00:59:49,000 --> 00:59:52,000
Slap not tears into his stomach and thaw, but my wolf.
546
00:59:52,000 --> 00:59:56,000
He tries to disguise the severity of the wound.
547
00:59:56,000 --> 00:59:59,000
In fact, he will not believe today.
548
00:59:59,000 --> 01:00:04,000
His soldiers keep him in the saddle as he enters correct for the west hunt.
549
01:00:05,000 --> 01:00:10,000
Morgan Miller rises at the battlefield just ahead of his elite force.
550
01:00:10,000 --> 01:00:12,000
Far too late.
551
01:00:35,000 --> 01:00:41,000
This painting depicts Moan Khan expiring as he lies on a mattress in the middle of the battlefield,
552
01:00:41,000 --> 01:00:44,000
a rendition comically inaccurate.
553
01:00:45,000 --> 01:00:51,000
In fact, even the best known painting of Moan Khan was done after he died,
554
01:00:51,000 --> 01:00:55,000
based on his wife's remembrance of what he looked like.
555
01:00:59,000 --> 01:01:03,000
This is the most accurate rendition of the death scene.
556
01:01:04,000 --> 01:01:19,000
As Moan Khan lies dying, he is tormented with panicked requests for advice from Fort Roy.
557
01:01:19,000 --> 01:01:22,000
We eventually flees to much at all.
558
01:01:22,000 --> 01:01:24,000
We are now in the middle of the
559
01:01:24,000 --> 01:01:26,000
tradition of that.
560
01:01:32,000 --> 01:01:37,000
About noon, Moan Khan has informed that he has only hours to live.
561
01:01:37,000 --> 01:01:42,000
He has told the French will formally surrender Quebec on the moral.
562
01:01:42,000 --> 01:01:45,000
He has last recorded words.
563
01:01:45,000 --> 01:01:50,000
We are now in the area of Paris.
564
01:01:50,000 --> 01:01:53,000
We are now in the area of Paris.
565
01:01:53,000 --> 01:01:54,000
That's good.
566
01:01:54,000 --> 01:01:57,000
I won't be alive to see the English, enter Quebec.
567
01:02:01,000 --> 01:02:04,000
Moan Khan dies in the arms of his church,
568
01:02:04,000 --> 01:02:08,000
but it is also the death of the French regime in North America.
569
01:02:16,000 --> 01:02:19,000
Keep me a key, Piaude.
570
01:02:32,000 --> 01:02:38,000
Today, the battle is regarded by many as one of the key moments in the creation of the British Empire.
571
01:02:38,000 --> 01:02:41,000
France renounces all claims to Canada.
572
01:02:42,000 --> 01:02:46,000
The enormity of New France is no more.
573
01:02:46,000 --> 01:02:55,000
The most important thing is that the French government is not going to be able to do it.
574
01:02:57,000 --> 01:03:01,000
England goes wild at the news of Wolf's Victory.
575
01:03:02,000 --> 01:03:08,000
Ironically, the cost of the seven years war leads England to tax the American colonies to pay for it.
576
01:03:09,000 --> 01:03:16,000
They revolt, and in 1776, with help from France, stage a winning revolution.
577
01:03:18,000 --> 01:03:21,000
Wolf's fiancé is devastated.
578
01:03:21,000 --> 01:03:25,000
Catherine Lather receives back the locket of her hair,
579
01:03:25,000 --> 01:03:28,000
and portrait Wolf gave her on the eve of the battle.
580
01:03:28,000 --> 01:03:33,000
In her grief, she burns all his letters.
581
01:03:34,000 --> 01:03:37,000
I remember his Quebec's official motto,
582
01:03:37,000 --> 01:03:42,000
but what is remembered about the battle fought on his hilly past your outside Quebec?
583
01:03:42,000 --> 01:03:45,000
Depends on where you stand.
584
01:03:56,000 --> 01:03:58,000
Wolf remains controversial.
585
01:03:59,000 --> 01:04:04,000
It is little no one that before the battle, the young general fluent in French,
586
01:04:04,000 --> 01:04:07,000
wrote out generous terms of surrender,
587
01:04:07,000 --> 01:04:12,000
guaranteeing Quebec's institutions, which have remained French to this day.
588
01:04:19,000 --> 01:04:23,000
This is at a time when Catholicism cannot even be practiced in Britain.
589
01:04:24,000 --> 01:04:29,000
And it scarcely says to me, someone who regarded Canadians as vermin,
590
01:04:29,000 --> 01:04:35,000
hated Canadians with a passion, and wanted nothing more than to humiliate or to annihilate them.
591
01:04:35,000 --> 01:04:40,000
What we've got here is a continuity of key French-Canadian institutions.
592
01:04:46,000 --> 01:04:49,000
This monument was inscribed with the words,
593
01:04:49,000 --> 01:04:52,000
Heredied Wolf, victorious.
594
01:04:52,000 --> 01:04:55,000
The monument became the target of nationalists,
595
01:04:55,000 --> 01:04:59,000
and in 1963 was blowing up.
596
01:04:59,000 --> 01:05:04,000
A new monument was erected, but this time the words were changed to read simply,
597
01:05:04,000 --> 01:05:09,000
Heredied Wolf, the word victorious, was dropped.
598
01:05:13,000 --> 01:05:16,000
While nationalists blew up his statue, and in Quebec,
599
01:05:16,000 --> 01:05:19,000
some history books have tried to blow up his reputation.
600
01:05:19,000 --> 01:05:24,000
England peated over the bat and turned him into a mythic figure.
601
01:05:27,000 --> 01:05:32,000
The painting by Benjamin West, a very famous iconic painting that the death of General Wolf,
602
01:05:32,000 --> 01:05:39,000
is a very good example of the saying that truth is the first casualty of war.
603
01:05:39,000 --> 01:05:45,000
We start to gradually eliminate who we would regard as the intruders, the imposters,
604
01:05:45,000 --> 01:05:48,000
the soldier in green, the ranger.
605
01:05:48,000 --> 01:05:51,000
We know that Wolf had rangers at Quebec, but on the 13th September,
606
01:05:51,000 --> 01:05:55,000
his rangers were all downriver on a kind of a ravaging expedition burning farmhouses,
607
01:05:55,000 --> 01:05:58,000
so we can eliminate that ranger.
608
01:05:58,000 --> 01:06:03,000
The figure who we know to be Robert Moncton, who has his hand inside his tunic,
609
01:06:03,000 --> 01:06:06,000
where we know actually Moncton had been shot through the lava.
610
01:06:06,000 --> 01:06:11,000
Only four of the men depicted in this painting were actually present when Wolf died.
611
01:06:12,000 --> 01:06:15,000
The rest paid the artist to become part of history.
612
01:06:25,000 --> 01:06:31,000
The battlefield is a stirring place for Quebec City's chief archaeologist, William Moss.
613
01:06:31,000 --> 01:06:34,000
I'm very moved being here to know that the battle took place here.
614
01:06:34,000 --> 01:06:38,000
Several hundred French soldiers killed here.
615
01:06:38,000 --> 01:06:44,000
A hundred or so British soldiers killed thousands of soldiers in both caps, wounded, severely wounded.
616
01:06:44,000 --> 01:06:49,000
All around us now. That really touches me as an archaeologist and as a historian.
617
01:06:52,000 --> 01:06:59,000
In 2002, a new memorial was dedicated to the soldiers who died fighting this battle.
618
01:07:00,000 --> 01:07:04,000
This sculpture depicts two men fighting to the death,
619
01:07:04,000 --> 01:07:09,000
and below a boat waits to take them across the river of death.
620
01:07:15,000 --> 01:07:22,000
In a trench-like memorial, the names of French soldiers who died in the Seven Years' War are carefully carved.
621
01:07:22,000 --> 01:07:27,000
There are even one or two British, Scots who happen to be Catholic.
622
01:07:28,000 --> 01:07:36,000
Bones and a skull thought to be Moncton's were moved to this tomb in a ceremony led by the Premier of Quebec.
623
01:07:36,000 --> 01:07:44,000
It is little known that testing later showed that the skull and most of the bones are not Moncton's.
624
01:07:48,000 --> 01:07:53,000
While the French who died on the battlefield are remembered with grace and dignity,
625
01:07:53,000 --> 01:07:57,000
those who died capturing Quebec have met a different end.
626
01:07:58,000 --> 01:08:04,000
The hospital gardens where the English soldiers are buried have been paved over.
627
01:08:05,000 --> 01:08:08,000
Fifty-eight British soldiers were killed on the plains of Abraham.
628
01:08:08,000 --> 01:08:16,000
Ten times as many died over the winter, so they were put in mass graves in the gardens of the monastery complex,
629
01:08:16,000 --> 01:08:20,000
which is where we are now. The gardens were here in the 18th century.
630
01:08:20,000 --> 01:08:24,000
So the mass graves and the British soldiers are under our feet,
631
01:08:24,000 --> 01:08:26,000
and are very near to where we are presently.
632
01:08:32,000 --> 01:08:39,000
The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, and all the beauty all that wealth air gave,
633
01:08:39,000 --> 01:08:42,000
a way to like the inevitable hour.
634
01:08:43,000 --> 01:08:47,000
The paths of glory lead back to the grave.
635
01:08:51,000 --> 01:08:56,000
History sometimes remembers vectors and their paths of glory.
636
01:08:57,000 --> 01:09:05,000
As wolf studied Caesar, so generals who followed wolf studied his amphibious tactics of the plains of Abraham.
637
01:09:12,000 --> 01:09:19,000
Officers like five star general Douglas MacArthur, who planned a bold landing behind enemy lions.
638
01:09:20,000 --> 01:09:25,000
In the Korean War, saying, I will surprise them.
639
01:09:26,000 --> 01:09:29,000
Like wolf at Quebec.
640
01:10:20,000 --> 01:10:27,000
.
63214
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.