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Throughout time,
governments and the people
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who work for them have
done strange and even terrible
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things in the name of national interest.
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Tonight, soldiers spiked
with dangerous drugs.
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No one's going to volunteer
to test brain-frying chemicals.
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And citizens with unusual
gifts recruited to spy.
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Psychic spies would be
able to unlock Soviet secrets.
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What about channeling an enemy's
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deepest fears to defeat them?
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The viet cong began
hearing these disembodied,
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echoing voices.
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These soldiers are
terrified that their very
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worst nightmares
might have come to life.
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Sometimes the best weapons
governments use are mind games.
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Now it's time to bring
these strange secrets to light.
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The 1950s is a boom time
for pharmaceutical companies.
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They're turning out
radical new psychoactive
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drugs that give some in
the U.S. military an idea.
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Could these drugs be
turned into weapons?
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To find out, they decide to
test them on American soldiers.
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Edgewood arsenal,
Maryland, headquarters
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of the U.S. chemical and
biological defense command.
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The military is attempting to
create a non-lethal weapon,
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something that can incapacitate
the soldiers on the other side,
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but not necessarily kill them.
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So at edge wood arsenal,
they began developing
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psychoactive compounds.
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They decide that their best candidate
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is this substance
known as 3-quinuclidinyl
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benzilate, or bz.
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Bz is developed as a stomach medicine.
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Side effects like confusion
and hallucinations
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mean it never gets fda approval.
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But it's those side effects
that interest the army.
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Now the team faces a problem.
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Where will they find people to test bz on?
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The army gives them permission
to recruit volunteer soldiers
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from around the country.
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Recruiters tell the troops
they'll be testing equipment.
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The edge wood team wants
to record exactly what happens
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to the volunteers on bz.
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So they construct a mock
communications outpost
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and fill it with cameras to
record their experiments.
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The team doses four
volunteers with varying
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amounts of this horrific drug.
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They want to see how these
young men are going to react
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while they're high on bz.
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And they test them across
a broad range of scenarios,
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including simulating a poison gas attack.
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The peak of the
compound's physical effects
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was reached within
four to six hours, the peak
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of mental incapacitation
several hours later,
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when a simulated
chemical alarm sounded.
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The initial results are promising.
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The men are distracted.
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They're disoriented.
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It seems like bz is the non-lethal weapon
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the army dreamed of.
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Soon bz testing takes an ominous turn.
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Ronald zadrozny is the soldier
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given the highest dose of bz.
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And this causes him to go
into a drug-induced psychosis
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for 36 hours, and he still has
lingering effects afterwards,
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which makes him nervous and panicky.
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Other volunteers are also badly affected,
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but the army decides the
experiments should continue.
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In November 1964, the edge wood team
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is ready to test bz outside.
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They settle on dug way
proving ground as a safe space
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to test this out of doors.
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When you're at dug way, you
are far away from prying eyes.
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You're out in the middle of nowhere.
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In that way, dug way is
the perfect place to go.
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The men suit up in the
pre-dawn cold and are
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then doused with the gas.
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These unfortunate troops are
dosed with choking amounts
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of bz gas for 15 minutes.
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Then these befuddled
volunteers are taken for evaluation.
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The test proves that bz
can incapacitate soldiers,
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making them unable to fight.
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The army is convinced of
the potential for bz weapons
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on the battlefield.
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Meanwhile, back at
edge wood, testing on bz
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variants continues.
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In 1975, after details of CIA
LSD experiments leak out,
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president Ford instructs
vp Nelson rockefeller
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to investigate.
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The rockefeller commission
starts to go through
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the army's dirty laundry.
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And in June 1975, they haul army
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bosses in to interrogate them
about the edge wood experiments.
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When the congressional
investigators ask them what's
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going on, they just start
fessing up like boy scouts
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and they tell them, like,
yeah, the bz testing is ongoing
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and it's been going on for years.
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The things that have been done,
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which are in contradiction to the statutes.
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But...
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The army admits that
somewhere between 2,100
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and 2,900 volunteers were subjected
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to bz gas during the
course of their experiments.
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Bz is not the only drug they test.
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The us army dosed
some 7,000 unsuspecting
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soldiers with more than
250 different chemical agents.
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The volunteers aren't
told what they're testing,
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so there's no way they
could give informed consent.
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So basically, the soldiers
are being treated like lab rats.
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So the lawmakers are naturally furious.
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In 1975, the bz research
program is shut down,
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but that doesn't stop U.S. intelligence
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agencies from developing
other ways to play mind games.
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In 1968, they decided
to turn the viet cong's
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own weapons against them.
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It's the summer of 1968, and U.S. troops
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are fighting the communist viet cong
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near the Cambodian border.
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A north Vietnamese
fighter takes deadly aim
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at a vulnerable gi on patrol.
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But when the communist
soldier pulls the trigger,
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he signs his own death warrant.
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His Chinese-made
ak-56 explodes on firing
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killing him instantly.
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The gi got lucky, but
this is not a one-off.
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The thing about these deadly misfires
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is that they weren't accidents at all.
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The extraordinary truth
is that the exploding guns
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are the result of a secret
U.S. military operation.
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Anybody who's ever fired a gun
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has the same nightmare
that one day they're
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going to pull the trigger,
and the round in the chamber
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is going to blow up in their own face.
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And this nightmare is exactly what
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was playing through the mind
of every vc combat member
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during Vietnam.
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It's not until 30 years later that a book
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by a Vietnam vet reveals the operation,
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code named eldest son.
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The Vietnam studies
and operations group
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was charged with a
mission to undermine the will
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to fight of the viet cong.
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The sog identified that
along the ho chi minh trail,
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there were several
munitions cache areas where
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the viet cong would resupply
ammunition, actual bullets
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and rounds for their guns.
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The recon teams were finding
these caches of ammunition.
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So they come up with this brilliant idea.
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And that is, rather than trying to haul
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this ammo off or destroy it on sight,
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why don't we just sabotage it?
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But importantly, not sabotage all of it.
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Sabotage some of it.
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They'll make the communists
afraid of their own guns
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by booby trapping their bullets.
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But how would they pull this off?
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Sabotage is a very tricky business,
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because it's part engineering
and part espionage.
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And that's exactly what the sog had
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to do to find a way to
engineer a round that
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would explode, but still
look like other rounds.
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First, they refill the
bullets with high explosive.
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But there's a problem.
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The most commonly available
military-grade explosive
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at the time actually
had a white color to it
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that did not match the
gunpowder that was inside
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the round itself.
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If the communists investigate,
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they'll detect the fakes.
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So the sog had to create
a whole new different kind
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of explosive that had the same power
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but matched the color of black powder.
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The next challenge is how to
get the sabotaged bullets back
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in viet cong hands.
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Sog's green beret
reconnaissance patrols come
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up with an ingenious solution.
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So the viet cong don't suspect sabotage,
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they make sure to load
up only one phony bullet
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in each magazine or ammo can.
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We're not going to kill
them one soldier at a time,
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one bullet at a time.
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What we're going to do is we're going
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to create psychological chaos
among the enemy's ranks.
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And that's a pretty big win
for a pretty low investment.
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Eldest son is so successful in Vietnam
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that the U.S. makes it
part of its psychological
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warfare arsenal.
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It will use the tactic again years
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later in Iraq and Afghanistan.
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- In world war ii, the U.S.
- army creates a top secret unit
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whose sole job is fooling the enemy.
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It calls itself the ghost
army for a very good reason.
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Nothing about this army is real.
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It's 1944, and the United States
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is preparing to take the
fight to Hitler by invading
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Nazi-occupied Europe.
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America needs to leverage
any advantage they can find.
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So army chiefs turn to an industry
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where the nation leads
the world, show business.
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The Pentagon creates the ghost army.
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00:11:05,910 --> 00:11:07,670
They're not using
rifles and machine guns.
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This unit will ultimately use Hollywood
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stagecraft to fight the enemy.
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The purpose of the ghost
army is to create diversions
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and feints and deception.
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Officially known as the 23rd
headquarters special troops,
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the ghost army is made
up of just 1,100 men.
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The concept is that
you're engaging in force
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multiplication by having
a small group of soldiers
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pretend, and give the enemy
the impression that they're
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actually a very large group
of soldiers, up to two divisions.
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00:11:40,390 --> 00:11:43,670
So you have a unit
with about 1,000 people
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in it that is able to make the
enemy think it's 30,000 strong.
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In June 1944, the ghost army vanguard
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task force Mason gets an
airlift onto the battleground
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in France.
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00:11:58,400 --> 00:11:59,720
Here, their mission is to support
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00:11:59,760 --> 00:12:02,560
the U.S. 928th artillery division
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00:12:02,680 --> 00:12:07,080
by providing an attractive
target for German gunners.
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The ghost army inflate a series of rubber
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howitzers matching the real guns.
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The idea is to draw in the Nazi fire
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00:12:16,520 --> 00:12:18,400
to get them to focus on that area
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00:12:18,520 --> 00:12:21,120
where these inflatable weapons are,
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as opposed to where
American soldiers actually are.
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00:12:26,190 --> 00:12:29,230
The ghost army has to keep
their inflatable guns ahead
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00:12:29,350 --> 00:12:32,190
of the real artillery for almost a month,
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00:12:32,550 --> 00:12:35,550
taking as many hits
as possible themselves.
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So these guys are either
just really, really brave or really
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00:12:41,240 --> 00:12:45,120
crazy, possibly both.
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00:12:45,240 --> 00:12:48,840
Over the next 12 months, the
ghost army supports the allies
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00:12:48,960 --> 00:12:53,960
in some 20 operations before
this wartime Hollywood team
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00:12:54,080 --> 00:12:57,640
gives their finest performance
on the banks of the rhine
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00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:00,120
in march 1945.
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00:13:00,240 --> 00:13:03,280
The biggest obstacle
that we had to confront
234
00:13:03,400 --> 00:13:08,280
after the normandy landings
was crossing the rhine.
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00:13:08,400 --> 00:13:10,680
General patton and his ninth army
236
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are trapped behind the
river, which blocks them
237
00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:15,600
off from the path to Berlin.
238
00:13:15,720 --> 00:13:18,120
Rivers are a natural obstacle,
239
00:13:18,240 --> 00:13:21,640
especially to heavy-treaded
vehicles like tanks.
240
00:13:22,790 --> 00:13:24,630
You have to bring in army engineers,
241
00:13:24,700 --> 00:13:25,940
start erecting Bridges.
242
00:13:26,014 --> 00:13:27,814
It turns into a big mess.
243
00:13:28,114 --> 00:13:30,674
Meanwhile, German forces
are waiting on the other side,
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00:13:30,924 --> 00:13:32,804
and they're just poised to rain hell
245
00:13:32,954 --> 00:13:35,314
on any allied troops that try to make
246
00:13:35,494 --> 00:13:38,334
that difficult river crossing.
247
00:13:38,670 --> 00:13:41,750
The ghost army is ordered
to divert German defenders'
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00:13:41,870 --> 00:13:46,830
attention from patton's
crossing point to draw
249
00:13:46,840 --> 00:13:49,440
the fiercest German fire.
250
00:13:49,554 --> 00:13:51,074
The first phase is to generate
251
00:13:51,214 --> 00:13:52,934
sneaky signals traffic.
252
00:13:53,294 --> 00:13:56,494
Ghost army communications
teams fill the airwaves
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00:13:56,834 --> 00:14:00,354
with bogus radio chatter,
creating the illusion
254
00:14:00,534 --> 00:14:03,214
of a huge army on the move.
255
00:14:03,480 --> 00:14:07,160
But that's just the
beginning for the ghost army.
256
00:14:07,280 --> 00:14:09,240
During the day, Sonic teams play
257
00:14:09,360 --> 00:14:11,080
the sound of heavy construction through
258
00:14:11,200 --> 00:14:14,160
500-pound speaker systems.
259
00:14:14,280 --> 00:14:16,320
To the Germans on the other side,
260
00:14:16,440 --> 00:14:21,160
it sounds as if pontoon
Bridges are being constructed.
261
00:14:21,280 --> 00:14:24,600
The enemy would then be
led to believe that I'm about
262
00:14:24,720 --> 00:14:26,960
to be attacked by this
very powerful force,
263
00:14:27,080 --> 00:14:28,680
when in actuality, all that was
264
00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:30,016
over there were a couple of jeeps
265
00:14:30,040 --> 00:14:31,640
with loudspeakers on them.
266
00:14:32,990 --> 00:14:36,750
The supporting cast plays
its part behind the lines,
267
00:14:36,870 --> 00:14:40,990
but the key part of the
operation is yet to come.
268
00:14:41,110 --> 00:14:45,030
The Germans are conducting
daily photo reconnaissance
269
00:14:45,150 --> 00:14:48,630
sorties over allied lines,
measuring what our strength
270
00:14:48,750 --> 00:14:50,630
looks like across the river.
271
00:14:50,750 --> 00:14:53,230
So that if there's any noticeable build up,
272
00:14:53,590 --> 00:14:57,910
those photo reconnaissance
aircraft, they will detect it.
273
00:14:58,360 --> 00:15:01,440
To fool these pilots,
the ghost army creates
274
00:15:01,560 --> 00:15:04,560
an entirely fake front line.
275
00:15:04,680 --> 00:15:08,720
600 inflatable sherman tanks
and field artillery pieces are
276
00:15:08,840 --> 00:15:13,240
moved into position
purposely so that an aircraft can
277
00:15:13,360 --> 00:15:17,160
photograph them, and the
enemy can then be left to wonder,
278
00:15:17,280 --> 00:15:20,480
all right, it looks like
there's a build-up here.
279
00:15:20,600 --> 00:15:24,600
The Nazis react as intended,
pounding the ghost army's
280
00:15:24,720 --> 00:15:27,240
position with artillery fire.
281
00:15:27,360 --> 00:15:31,720
Three of the unit lose their
lives, but the ruse works.
282
00:15:31,840 --> 00:15:34,880
Patton's army crosses
the rhine miles up the river,
283
00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:37,960
facing only scattered Nazi resistance.
284
00:15:38,080 --> 00:15:39,800
They take only minimal casualties.
285
00:15:39,920 --> 00:15:42,320
This is a critical victory for the allies.
286
00:15:48,640 --> 00:15:52,720
In 2024, the ghost army is presented
287
00:15:52,840 --> 00:15:57,040
with the congressional
gold medal for heroism.
288
00:15:57,160 --> 00:15:59,520
It can be quite difficult to quantify
289
00:15:59,640 --> 00:16:02,880
psychological operations,
but it has been estimated
290
00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:06,240
that the ghost army saved tens
of thousands of American lives
291
00:16:06,360 --> 00:16:07,720
during the war.
292
00:16:12,840 --> 00:16:15,800
1953, the CIA starts an experiment
293
00:16:15,920 --> 00:16:17,880
with a top secret goal
294
00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:21,640
find drugs to control the human mind.
295
00:16:21,760 --> 00:16:23,136
It will become one of the government's
296
00:16:23,160 --> 00:16:25,320
most notorious projects.
297
00:16:25,440 --> 00:16:28,360
Its name is mkultra.
298
00:16:34,270 --> 00:16:39,310
CIA director Allen
Dulles has a big problem.
299
00:16:39,430 --> 00:16:41,670
There was a great fear at the time
300
00:16:41,790 --> 00:16:45,750
that American prisoners
held by the north Koreans
301
00:16:45,870 --> 00:16:48,670
were being subjected to brainwashing.
302
00:16:48,790 --> 00:16:52,670
The CIA suspects that the
communists might be utilizing
303
00:16:52,790 --> 00:16:56,070
mind altering drugs, not
only to extract information,
304
00:16:56,190 --> 00:16:57,670
but to reprogram the brains
305
00:16:57,790 --> 00:17:00,830
of American soldiers in captivity.
306
00:17:00,950 --> 00:17:03,430
The CIA suspects that one of them
307
00:17:03,550 --> 00:17:07,790
is a new wonder drug called
lysergic acid diethylamide,
308
00:17:07,910 --> 00:17:12,350
popularly known as LSD.
309
00:17:12,470 --> 00:17:15,030
LSD was discovered in 1943
310
00:17:15,150 --> 00:17:17,390
by Albert hofmann at sandoz labs.
311
00:17:17,510 --> 00:17:21,190
It's still pretty untested,
but it has the potential
312
00:17:21,310 --> 00:17:23,590
of being the greatest
mind-altering drug that
313
00:17:23,710 --> 00:17:26,550
the agency has come across so far.
314
00:17:26,670 --> 00:17:29,390
The CIA director initiates a program
315
00:17:29,510 --> 00:17:32,870
to explore the brainwashing
potential of LSD
316
00:17:32,990 --> 00:17:35,310
and other psychoactive drugs.
317
00:17:35,430 --> 00:17:37,070
You have to understand the sense
318
00:17:37,190 --> 00:17:40,230
of emergency that was
gripping the United States
319
00:17:40,350 --> 00:17:42,350
in the early 1950s.
320
00:17:42,470 --> 00:17:47,630
What Dulles wanted and
why mkultra was created
321
00:17:47,750 --> 00:17:53,190
was a search for a silver
bullet, a magic potion that
322
00:17:53,310 --> 00:17:55,750
would break down the
person who ingested it
323
00:17:55,870 --> 00:17:59,470
or break down his facade of lies.
324
00:17:59,590 --> 00:18:02,590
The CIA hopes to use
brainwashing on spies,
325
00:18:02,710 --> 00:18:05,790
foreign prisoners, and
ultimately even foreign leaders
326
00:18:05,910 --> 00:18:08,070
like fidel Castro.
327
00:18:08,190 --> 00:18:10,830
Dulles charges chemist
and poison expert
328
00:18:10,950 --> 00:18:13,950
Sidney gottlieb to run the program.
329
00:18:14,070 --> 00:18:18,270
Gottlieb spends $240,000
to buy as much LSD
330
00:18:18,390 --> 00:18:19,990
as he can get his hands on.
331
00:18:20,110 --> 00:18:23,310
Gottlieb went to sandoz
and said, I'll buy it all.
332
00:18:23,430 --> 00:18:25,830
I want to corner the market on this stuff.
333
00:18:25,950 --> 00:18:29,470
And Sidney gottlieb became america's
334
00:18:29,590 --> 00:18:32,270
first government-authorized drug dealer.
335
00:18:32,390 --> 00:18:36,990
He is the man who
brought LSD to the CIA.
336
00:18:37,110 --> 00:18:39,630
Gottlieb decides the best way to evaluate
337
00:18:39,750 --> 00:18:43,630
this incredibly powerful new
psychedelic drug is to test it
338
00:18:43,750 --> 00:18:45,990
on humans across the country.
339
00:18:46,110 --> 00:18:50,150
Mkultra funds 149 research projects
340
00:18:50,270 --> 00:18:53,110
across 80 institutions.
341
00:18:53,230 --> 00:18:55,630
The CIA has never wanted for money.
342
00:18:55,930 --> 00:19:01,250
Cash is its most powerful secret weapon.
343
00:19:01,710 --> 00:19:03,550
Among the institutions taking part
344
00:19:03,670 --> 00:19:05,190
in gottlieb's experiments
345
00:19:05,310 --> 00:19:08,470
are 44 colleges and universities,
346
00:19:08,590 --> 00:19:11,230
as well as hospitals,
pharmaceutical companies
347
00:19:11,350 --> 00:19:13,230
and even prisons.
348
00:19:13,350 --> 00:19:17,710
All manner of drugs became
the focus of these experiments,
349
00:19:17,830 --> 00:19:21,750
and all manner of unwitting
human Guinea pigs.
350
00:19:21,870 --> 00:19:25,710
For example, there was a
federal prison in Kentucky
351
00:19:26,070 --> 00:19:28,230
that housed people who had been heroin
352
00:19:28,680 --> 00:19:32,600
junkies before their arrest.
353
00:19:32,720 --> 00:19:36,760
A number of these prisoners
were inducted into the mkultra
354
00:19:36,880 --> 00:19:39,320
program, and without their knowledge,
355
00:19:39,440 --> 00:19:45,200
they were fed LSD for 77 days in a row.
356
00:19:45,320 --> 00:19:47,680
What this essentially meant is that you
357
00:19:47,800 --> 00:19:52,080
were in a drug-induced
schizophrenic state.
358
00:19:52,200 --> 00:19:56,080
I can't imagine that
these were good trips.
359
00:19:56,200 --> 00:20:00,400
In 1957, gottlieb enlists
Canadian psychiatrist
360
00:20:00,520 --> 00:20:02,560
ewen Cameron.
361
00:20:02,680 --> 00:20:06,080
Between 1957 and 1964, Cameron
362
00:20:06,200 --> 00:20:10,000
conducts a series of hideous
experiments for the CIA,
363
00:20:10,120 --> 00:20:13,440
attempting to use LSD and
other extreme treatments
364
00:20:13,560 --> 00:20:17,880
to break down the human
mind and rebuild it from scratch.
365
00:20:19,910 --> 00:20:22,830
Ewen Cameron softens his
patients up by getting them
366
00:20:22,950 --> 00:20:25,270
into an Insulin-induced coma.
367
00:20:25,390 --> 00:20:28,470
He then exposes them
to LSD and other forms
368
00:20:28,590 --> 00:20:30,950
of psychological torture.
369
00:20:31,070 --> 00:20:32,470
The subjects of these experiments
370
00:20:32,830 --> 00:20:34,470
had no idea they were in the middle
371
00:20:34,920 --> 00:20:36,640
of a giant CIA experiment.
372
00:20:36,760 --> 00:20:39,560
They were just normal people
looking for psychiatric help,
373
00:20:39,680 --> 00:20:42,520
and they came out destroyed.
374
00:20:42,640 --> 00:20:45,560
Gottlieb takes some of his most extreme
375
00:20:45,680 --> 00:20:47,880
experiments overseas.
376
00:20:48,000 --> 00:20:50,280
The CIA set up secret detention centers
377
00:20:50,400 --> 00:20:53,400
across Asia and even in
Europe, far away enough
378
00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:56,560
from home and congressional oversight
379
00:20:56,680 --> 00:21:01,280
so they won't attract
any unwanted attention.
380
00:21:01,400 --> 00:21:03,880
Here, gottlieb's team will experiment
381
00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:05,840
on suspects like foreign agents captured
382
00:21:05,960 --> 00:21:07,520
by the CIA for other reasons.
383
00:21:07,640 --> 00:21:11,080
They call these subjects expendable.
384
00:21:12,230 --> 00:21:15,430
Mkultra runs for 20 years.
385
00:21:15,550 --> 00:21:17,710
We don't know how
many people were affected
386
00:21:18,010 --> 00:21:20,330
or how badly they were harmed.
387
00:21:20,790 --> 00:21:25,910
But nothing works, and
brainwashing remains elusive.
388
00:21:26,030 --> 00:21:32,470
The CIA cancels mkultra
and gottlieb retires in 1973.
389
00:21:32,590 --> 00:21:34,990
They know it's not a
good look for the agency.
390
00:21:35,110 --> 00:21:37,550
So to Bury the evidence, gottlieb
391
00:21:37,670 --> 00:21:40,190
and outgoing CIA director helms decide
392
00:21:40,310 --> 00:21:43,430
to destroy all of the records.
393
00:21:43,550 --> 00:21:47,310
Gottlieb literally takes box
upon box of hard copy mkultra
394
00:21:47,430 --> 00:21:50,750
documentation back to the
CIA archive to have is shredded
395
00:21:51,110 --> 00:21:53,150
and destroyed.
396
00:21:53,600 --> 00:21:58,520
But he doesn't quite
manage to destroy all of it.
397
00:21:58,640 --> 00:22:00,720
Those remaining mkultra documents will
398
00:22:00,840 --> 00:22:03,080
come back to haunt the CIA.
399
00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:06,640
In 1975, congress
launches an investigation
400
00:22:06,760 --> 00:22:11,120
into the agency exposing
projects like mkultra.
401
00:22:11,240 --> 00:22:14,360
Sidney gottlieb testifies before congress,
402
00:22:14,480 --> 00:22:17,880
but claims he doesn't remember
much about the experiments,
403
00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:21,560
and he gets off scot-free.
404
00:22:21,680 --> 00:22:25,440
The CIA officers who
took part in this doubtless
405
00:22:25,560 --> 00:22:28,520
felt that the United States was at war,
406
00:22:28,640 --> 00:22:33,000
and that there were
no rules in such a game.
407
00:22:33,120 --> 00:22:36,120
The mission was more
important than the rules,
408
00:22:36,240 --> 00:22:40,400
even though those rules might
be the laws of god and man.
409
00:22:46,560 --> 00:22:48,640
In the 1950s, communist
militias are battling U.S.
410
00:22:48,760 --> 00:22:50,680
Influence across the pacific.
411
00:22:50,800 --> 00:22:52,240
To gain an edge.
412
00:22:52,360 --> 00:22:55,680
American psyops teams
turned to mind games.
413
00:22:57,190 --> 00:23:01,470
The Philippines, early 1950s.
414
00:23:01,590 --> 00:23:03,190
The U.S. backed Filipino government
415
00:23:03,310 --> 00:23:07,790
is fighting an insurrection by
guerrillas known as the huk.
416
00:23:07,910 --> 00:23:11,270
The huk rebellion was
a communist rebellion,
417
00:23:11,390 --> 00:23:14,470
and like others in Southeast Asia,
418
00:23:14,590 --> 00:23:16,470
it was seen as something
that the United States
419
00:23:16,830 --> 00:23:19,750
had to conquer.
420
00:23:20,200 --> 00:23:23,120
The U.S. is on the
defensive as huk rebels
421
00:23:23,240 --> 00:23:25,200
hidden in the dense forests threaten
422
00:23:25,320 --> 00:23:28,120
to overrun nearby towns.
423
00:23:28,240 --> 00:23:31,040
But as the guerrillas
prepare their next assault,
424
00:23:31,160 --> 00:23:35,720
these fierce fighters stumble
across something unsettling.
425
00:23:35,840 --> 00:23:38,920
Early one morning, a
group of devoted huk rebels
426
00:23:39,040 --> 00:23:40,840
is moving through the jungle.
427
00:23:40,960 --> 00:23:44,800
What they find chills them to the bone.
428
00:23:44,920 --> 00:23:48,640
They find one of their
missing soldiers lying dead.
429
00:23:48,760 --> 00:23:52,320
His body is completely drained of blood.
430
00:23:52,440 --> 00:23:54,200
There's no bullet wounds.
431
00:23:54,320 --> 00:23:56,040
There's no blade marks.
432
00:23:56,160 --> 00:23:59,880
Instead, there's just two
small punctures in his neck.
433
00:24:01,960 --> 00:24:05,880
The reason why is revealed
in a 1972 memoir written
434
00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:09,080
by a man involved in the conflict,
435
00:24:09,200 --> 00:24:13,600
local CIA station chief Edward lansdale.
436
00:24:13,720 --> 00:24:16,520
Edward lansdale was a
firm proponent of the use
437
00:24:16,640 --> 00:24:18,400
of psychological warfare.
438
00:24:18,520 --> 00:24:22,440
He really believes that if
you can terrify your enemies,
439
00:24:22,560 --> 00:24:26,400
you make them a lot less
effective on the battlefield.
440
00:24:26,520 --> 00:24:28,720
Lansdale knows of a local legend
441
00:24:28,840 --> 00:24:31,440
he can use to beat the huk, using
442
00:24:31,560 --> 00:24:34,520
fear instead of firepower.
443
00:24:34,640 --> 00:24:37,600
Every culture has its scary monsters.
444
00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:39,560
And in the case of the Philippines,
445
00:24:39,680 --> 00:24:42,680
one of the key monsters is the aswang.
446
00:24:44,630 --> 00:24:50,510
An aswang is a shape shifting,
vampiric, blood sucking demon.
447
00:24:50,630 --> 00:24:53,110
Edward lansdale wants to harness
448
00:24:53,230 --> 00:24:55,990
the local cultural beliefs of fear
449
00:24:56,110 --> 00:24:58,670
around this sort of vampire and use
450
00:24:58,790 --> 00:25:02,750
that to terrorize the
people in the countryside.
451
00:25:02,870 --> 00:25:06,390
Lansdale gets a native
Filipino psychological warfare
452
00:25:06,750 --> 00:25:09,550
team under his
command to spread rumors
453
00:25:10,000 --> 00:25:11,560
among the locals in town.
454
00:25:11,680 --> 00:25:15,520
They claim a terrifying
vampiric aswang demon has
455
00:25:15,640 --> 00:25:17,840
been seen stalking the area.
456
00:25:17,960 --> 00:25:19,960
The word starts to reverberate
457
00:25:20,080 --> 00:25:24,480
throughout the community,
and it scares people.
458
00:25:24,600 --> 00:25:27,960
Next, lansdale ups the ante.
459
00:25:28,080 --> 00:25:30,200
Lansdale's psychological warfare team
460
00:25:30,320 --> 00:25:33,640
creeps into the jungle
and sets up an ambush.
461
00:25:33,760 --> 00:25:35,480
It's very dark in the forest at night,
462
00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:37,280
so they have no problem hiding.
463
00:25:37,400 --> 00:25:39,680
When a huk patrol comes along,
464
00:25:39,800 --> 00:25:42,040
they wait for the very last man
465
00:25:42,160 --> 00:25:45,360
and then grab him
without making a sound.
466
00:25:47,560 --> 00:25:50,960
They kill him without leaving
any marks on the body.
467
00:25:51,080 --> 00:25:56,200
Then they puncture his neck
with two small puncture wounds.
468
00:25:56,320 --> 00:25:59,640
They hang it by its feet
so that all of the blood
469
00:25:59,760 --> 00:26:03,360
will drain out through the wounds.
470
00:26:03,480 --> 00:26:06,400
The body is then taken and left
471
00:26:06,520 --> 00:26:08,600
in a rebel-held area where they know
472
00:26:08,720 --> 00:26:11,400
it's going to be discovered.
473
00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:13,920
When the huks come
back through the area,
474
00:26:14,040 --> 00:26:16,840
they find their comrade drained of blood.
475
00:26:19,910 --> 00:26:22,230
These huk soldiers are terrified
476
00:26:22,350 --> 00:26:24,350
that their very worst nightmares
477
00:26:24,470 --> 00:26:27,750
might have come to life.
478
00:26:27,870 --> 00:26:29,470
They abandon their stronghold,
479
00:26:29,590 --> 00:26:32,550
and they stop launching
attacks in that region.
480
00:26:32,670 --> 00:26:36,870
In 1954, the huk surrendered
to philippine troops
481
00:26:36,990 --> 00:26:40,630
and the rebellion is over, in no small part
482
00:26:40,750 --> 00:26:44,030
thanks to lansdale's tactics.
483
00:26:44,150 --> 00:26:48,030
One reason governments use
psyops is because they work.
484
00:26:48,150 --> 00:26:51,830
In 1969, the U.S. tries a
new kind of terrifying mind
485
00:26:51,950 --> 00:26:55,670
game against the viet cong.
486
00:26:55,790 --> 00:27:00,190
By the beginning of 1969,
American forces are getting
487
00:27:00,310 --> 00:27:03,110
bogged down in Vietnam.
488
00:27:03,230 --> 00:27:05,630
The U.S. is going all out with saturation
489
00:27:05,750 --> 00:27:08,030
bombing and even chemical warfare,
490
00:27:08,150 --> 00:27:11,710
but it's just not working.
491
00:27:11,830 --> 00:27:14,550
If anything, the viet cong
are winning the upper hand.
492
00:27:14,670 --> 00:27:16,510
There are some people that suggest
493
00:27:16,630 --> 00:27:21,150
that maybe the United States
should try a different tactic.
494
00:27:21,270 --> 00:27:25,630
Then something stirs in the forest.
495
00:27:25,750 --> 00:27:28,350
Vc troops operating at night begin
496
00:27:28,470 --> 00:27:31,710
to hear anguished, disembodied voices
497
00:27:31,830 --> 00:27:35,190
echoing through the darkness.
498
00:27:35,310 --> 00:27:38,590
When you're patrolling
in the jungle at night,
499
00:27:38,710 --> 00:27:41,790
your senses are limited.
500
00:27:41,910 --> 00:27:43,790
So you can only imagine how creepy
501
00:27:44,090 --> 00:27:49,610
it must have been to hear
these sort of disembodied voices.
502
00:27:50,070 --> 00:27:51,950
The ghosts are all part of a campaign
503
00:27:52,070 --> 00:27:54,070
of psychological warfare against
504
00:27:54,190 --> 00:27:56,470
north Vietnamese troops.
505
00:27:56,590 --> 00:28:00,710
It's called operation wandering soul.
506
00:28:00,830 --> 00:28:03,910
We are playing on north
Vietnamese superstitions
507
00:28:04,030 --> 00:28:05,990
by claiming that the wandering souls
508
00:28:06,110 --> 00:28:10,590
of their unburied dead in the
south are guiding our bombs.
509
00:28:10,710 --> 00:28:14,150
The average viet cong
soldier is a teenager who's not
510
00:28:14,510 --> 00:28:15,910
particularly well educated.
511
00:28:16,360 --> 00:28:19,520
They're very superstitious, if you will.
512
00:28:19,640 --> 00:28:23,840
They believe that spirits
can haunt the earth.
513
00:28:23,960 --> 00:28:27,000
If your body is left
unburied, the presumption
514
00:28:27,120 --> 00:28:29,200
is that the soul can't move on, that it
515
00:28:29,320 --> 00:28:33,280
becomes a wandering soul.
516
00:28:33,400 --> 00:28:37,560
But where are these ghostly
voices really coming from?
517
00:28:37,680 --> 00:28:41,960
No surprise, but the haunting
voices, they're not ghosts.
518
00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:46,640
Instead, they're American
tape recordings being blared out
519
00:28:46,760 --> 00:28:49,320
from massive speaker systems.
520
00:28:49,440 --> 00:28:52,400
Psyops teams put Vietnamese voices
521
00:28:52,520 --> 00:28:54,000
through an echo chamber.
522
00:28:54,120 --> 00:28:56,200
They process it and add horror show
523
00:28:56,320 --> 00:28:58,280
sound effects to up the ante.
524
00:29:00,960 --> 00:29:03,000
We don't know how
effective wandering soul
525
00:29:03,120 --> 00:29:08,040
was against the enemy, but
we do know it spooked our allies.
526
00:29:09,680 --> 00:29:11,800
There are specific
orders issued to the army
527
00:29:11,920 --> 00:29:14,760
that they are not to play this in earshot
528
00:29:14,880 --> 00:29:16,880
of their south Vietnamese allies,
529
00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:20,000
because it wasn't just
affecting the target audience,
530
00:29:20,120 --> 00:29:22,920
the viet cong, but it was
also affecting our allies
531
00:29:23,040 --> 00:29:25,520
and scaring the hell out of them, too.
532
00:29:28,374 --> 00:29:31,174
During the 1970s,
U.S. spy agencies report
533
00:29:31,294 --> 00:29:33,374
that the Soviet union is experimenting
534
00:29:33,494 --> 00:29:37,734
with a new espionage tool, telepathy.
535
00:29:37,854 --> 00:29:41,614
They respond with a mission
that sounds out of this world,
536
00:29:41,734 --> 00:29:44,454
project Stargate.
537
00:29:44,574 --> 00:29:47,454
At the Stanford research institute,
538
00:29:47,574 --> 00:29:51,014
scientists funded by the
CIA are running a series
539
00:29:51,134 --> 00:29:53,894
of experiments to test a
psychic technique known
540
00:29:54,014 --> 00:29:58,134
as remote viewing, the
ability to telepathically
541
00:29:58,254 --> 00:30:03,334
see faraway things using
only the power of the mind.
542
00:30:03,454 --> 00:30:08,014
The agency hopes it will help
them spy on the Soviet union.
543
00:30:08,084 --> 00:30:09,964
These guys are so
desperate for information
544
00:30:10,038 --> 00:30:12,998
from behind the iron curtain
that they will try anything.
545
00:30:13,118 --> 00:30:18,438
So maybe, just maybe,
this remote viewing
546
00:30:18,558 --> 00:30:22,838
could be the way to get it and
with no risk of getting caught.
547
00:30:22,958 --> 00:30:24,678
If it works, the U.S. government
548
00:30:24,798 --> 00:30:27,078
would gain a way to systematically create
549
00:30:27,198 --> 00:30:29,838
psychic spies, and that would
give an incredible advantage
550
00:30:29,958 --> 00:30:31,294
to the national security infrastructure
551
00:30:31,414 --> 00:30:32,774
of the United States.
552
00:30:32,894 --> 00:30:35,454
It would change the
nature of warfare forever.
553
00:30:35,754 --> 00:30:37,834
American doctor and paranormal
554
00:30:38,294 --> 00:30:41,214
enthusiast andrija puharich hears
555
00:30:41,334 --> 00:30:43,894
of a promising potential candidate.
556
00:30:44,014 --> 00:30:46,254
He's a former Israeli paratrooper
557
00:30:46,374 --> 00:30:51,014
who claims to possess
paranormal powers, uri geller.
558
00:30:51,134 --> 00:30:52,734
Puharich introduces geller
559
00:30:52,854 --> 00:30:55,534
to the remote viewing researchers.
560
00:30:55,654 --> 00:30:58,334
At Stanford, geller's psychic ability
561
00:30:58,454 --> 00:30:59,734
will be put to the test.
562
00:31:00,094 --> 00:31:02,134
Researchers film the trials.
563
00:31:02,680 --> 00:31:06,160
15 drawings were placed
in double sealed envelopes
564
00:31:06,280 --> 00:31:08,080
in a safe.
565
00:31:08,200 --> 00:31:12,520
Geller's task was to draw what
he perceived in the envelope.
566
00:31:12,640 --> 00:31:14,056
What they hope he'll be able to do
567
00:31:14,080 --> 00:31:16,880
is reproduce images
only through utilizing
568
00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:19,160
the power of his mind.
569
00:31:19,280 --> 00:31:21,560
If he could do what he said he could do,
570
00:31:21,680 --> 00:31:26,240
it could transform the world
of intelligence collection.
571
00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:29,240
This is geller's representation
572
00:31:29,360 --> 00:31:31,800
of what he believed was
sealed in the envelope.
573
00:31:31,920 --> 00:31:33,960
At no time during these experiments
574
00:31:34,080 --> 00:31:35,640
did he have any advance knowledge
575
00:31:35,760 --> 00:31:37,160
of the target material.
576
00:31:38,920 --> 00:31:43,160
A secret report from
1973 reveals that geller
577
00:31:43,280 --> 00:31:45,640
seems to be getting results.
578
00:31:45,760 --> 00:31:48,120
So to get ahead of the Soviets,
579
00:31:48,240 --> 00:31:51,760
they doubled down on
paranormal research.
580
00:31:51,880 --> 00:31:54,680
The CIA transfers the
remote viewing research
581
00:31:54,800 --> 00:31:58,400
to the defense
intelligence agency, or dia,
582
00:31:58,520 --> 00:32:01,480
who embark on a series of
projects later consolidated
583
00:32:01,600 --> 00:32:04,040
under the code name Stargate.
584
00:32:04,160 --> 00:32:07,000
Stargate is the dia's ultimate mind game.
585
00:32:07,120 --> 00:32:11,200
If it works, it could maybe
even win the whole cold war.
586
00:32:15,830 --> 00:32:17,590
The government decides it's time
587
00:32:17,710 --> 00:32:23,030
to test remote viewing during
major international events.
588
00:32:23,150 --> 00:32:25,470
First, they try it when a Soviet bomber
589
00:32:25,590 --> 00:32:30,390
crashes into dense jungle in
the Central African Republic.
590
00:32:30,510 --> 00:32:32,750
If america can find the plane first,
591
00:32:32,870 --> 00:32:35,110
they'll be able to study the secret Soviet
592
00:32:35,230 --> 00:32:36,630
technology inside.
593
00:32:36,750 --> 00:32:39,870
This is an opportunity too good to miss.
594
00:32:40,230 --> 00:32:41,390
Time is running out.
595
00:32:41,840 --> 00:32:42,960
They need to act quickly.
596
00:32:43,080 --> 00:32:46,120
However, conventional
intelligence is drawing a blank.
597
00:32:46,240 --> 00:32:48,840
They have to think outside the box.
598
00:32:48,960 --> 00:32:51,200
Intelligence teams call in a Stargate
599
00:32:51,320 --> 00:32:55,040
test subject, Rosemary Smith.
600
00:32:55,160 --> 00:32:57,320
They show Smith the part of Africa
601
00:32:57,440 --> 00:33:00,520
where they believe the
plane has gone down.
602
00:33:00,640 --> 00:33:02,880
Rosemary Smith
actually used a technique
603
00:33:03,000 --> 00:33:05,760
she called map dowsing.
604
00:33:05,880 --> 00:33:08,600
She took a pendulum, and it
was a weight on the end of it,
605
00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:10,960
and she uses that to divine the location
606
00:33:11,080 --> 00:33:13,600
of the downed jet.
607
00:33:13,720 --> 00:33:16,080
She eventually settles on a location.
608
00:33:18,560 --> 00:33:22,360
The team converts those to coordinates.
609
00:33:22,480 --> 00:33:24,720
The ground team went
out, and lo and behold,
610
00:33:24,840 --> 00:33:27,760
the bomber was there, very
close to the exact location
611
00:33:27,880 --> 00:33:30,120
where she said it was going to be.
612
00:33:30,240 --> 00:33:33,320
It's a win for the remote viewing team.
613
00:33:33,440 --> 00:33:36,840
So now they apply it in
a high-stakes situation
614
00:33:36,960 --> 00:33:39,920
where U.S. citizens are in danger.
615
00:33:42,750 --> 00:33:44,670
Islamic fundamentalists have just taken
616
00:33:44,790 --> 00:33:48,430
over the country, when
radicals invade the U.S. embassy
617
00:33:48,550 --> 00:33:51,710
and seize more than
60 American hostages.
618
00:33:52,070 --> 00:33:53,750
I'm from Utah.
619
00:33:54,200 --> 00:33:57,640
I was a political secretary, and I'm 33.
620
00:33:57,760 --> 00:34:01,600
Hunkered down in fort
Meade, the Stargate team focus
621
00:34:01,720 --> 00:34:05,640
on Iran and the American hostages.
622
00:34:05,760 --> 00:34:08,240
One of the remote viewers claims
623
00:34:08,360 --> 00:34:11,600
he has a vision of a sick
hostage on a stretcher.
624
00:34:11,720 --> 00:34:13,120
But which one?
625
00:34:13,240 --> 00:34:16,040
He suggests the hostage is associated
626
00:34:16,160 --> 00:34:17,600
with a royal playing card.
627
00:34:17,720 --> 00:34:21,000
You know, like the king,
the queen, or the Jack.
628
00:34:21,120 --> 00:34:23,800
Just four days later, a hostage
629
00:34:23,920 --> 00:34:25,960
suffering from multiple sclerosis
630
00:34:26,080 --> 00:34:28,560
is released and flown home.
631
00:34:28,680 --> 00:34:30,520
His name is Richard queen.
632
00:34:32,070 --> 00:34:35,590
The vision of the stricken
man and a royal card
633
00:34:35,710 --> 00:34:37,950
matching his last name, which is queen,
634
00:34:38,070 --> 00:34:39,790
suggest that this is a hit.
635
00:34:39,910 --> 00:34:43,390
Maybe they're actually on to something.
636
00:34:43,510 --> 00:34:47,710
Stargate research continues
for years until the mid-'90s,
637
00:34:47,830 --> 00:34:50,150
when the government
questions how much it really
638
00:34:50,270 --> 00:34:52,110
is bringing to the table.
639
00:34:52,470 --> 00:34:54,390
Lawmakers want to know what is
640
00:34:54,840 --> 00:34:56,960
the upshot of decades of big dollar
641
00:34:57,080 --> 00:35:00,640
dia spending on this
strange secret program?
642
00:35:00,760 --> 00:35:05,160
They tasked the CIA
to evaluate Stargate.
643
00:35:05,280 --> 00:35:11,320
In September 1995, the
CIA releases its report.
644
00:35:11,440 --> 00:35:13,760
It is kind of eerie, but incredibly enough,
645
00:35:13,880 --> 00:35:16,840
this report suggests that remote viewing
646
00:35:16,960 --> 00:35:19,840
generates more so-called
hits than you'd get
647
00:35:19,960 --> 00:35:21,720
by simple chance alone.
648
00:35:21,840 --> 00:35:24,560
In other words, there might
be something more than random
649
00:35:24,680 --> 00:35:26,320
guessing going on here.
650
00:35:26,440 --> 00:35:28,680
But even when there are so-called hits,
651
00:35:28,800 --> 00:35:30,760
the research does not show that they are
652
00:35:30,880 --> 00:35:33,080
caused by paranormal means.
653
00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:37,520
The report does not explain
the better-than-chance
654
00:35:37,640 --> 00:35:39,200
hit rate.
655
00:35:39,320 --> 00:35:42,240
To this day, no one has.
656
00:35:42,360 --> 00:35:46,360
But that can't save the
remote viewing program.
657
00:35:46,480 --> 00:35:51,280
In June 1995, the Stargate
program is finally shut down.
658
00:35:55,320 --> 00:35:57,120
During the 1950s, the
U.S. and Soviet union
659
00:35:57,200 --> 00:36:00,040
install ballistic missiles on submarines.
660
00:36:00,160 --> 00:36:03,240
But it's hard to communicate
with these subs underwater.
661
00:36:03,360 --> 00:36:06,000
Reports suggest
scientists from both nations
662
00:36:06,120 --> 00:36:10,280
try something unusual, mind games.
663
00:36:16,454 --> 00:36:18,934
An article in a French
scientific magazine
664
00:36:19,054 --> 00:36:23,974
sends shock waves
through the Soviet Navy.
665
00:36:24,094 --> 00:36:27,014
This former French resistance
fighter turned Sci-Fi author,
666
00:36:27,134 --> 00:36:31,854
Jacques bergier, claims he
has inside information about mind
667
00:36:31,974 --> 00:36:34,854
games on board the
world's first nuclear powered
668
00:36:34,974 --> 00:36:38,494
submarine, the USS "nautilus."
669
00:36:38,614 --> 00:36:41,694
The "nautilus" has just
made an incredible record
670
00:36:41,814 --> 00:36:43,134
breaking journey.
671
00:36:43,254 --> 00:36:46,374
It has stayed submerged
for six whole days
672
00:36:46,494 --> 00:36:52,094
and it has traveled
underneath the north pole.
673
00:36:52,214 --> 00:36:55,374
Bergier's article claims
that on the "nautilus" voyage,
674
00:36:55,494 --> 00:36:58,934
the Navy tests a new
form of sub to shore
675
00:36:59,054 --> 00:37:02,734
communication, telepathy.
676
00:37:02,854 --> 00:37:04,214
Communication with the submarine
677
00:37:04,334 --> 00:37:05,974
is a huge challenge,
because when they're
678
00:37:06,274 --> 00:37:07,810
underwater, for the most part, they can't
679
00:37:08,270 --> 00:37:10,590
receive radio broadcasts.
680
00:37:10,710 --> 00:37:13,470
So the thought was, well,
what if we could use telepathy?
681
00:37:13,590 --> 00:37:15,470
What if we could use esp to accomplish
682
00:37:15,590 --> 00:37:18,030
this super important task?
683
00:37:18,150 --> 00:37:22,350
It sounds incredible, but
worryingly to the Soviets,
684
00:37:22,470 --> 00:37:25,270
this article claims that
paranormal mental communication
685
00:37:25,390 --> 00:37:27,950
is working.
686
00:37:28,070 --> 00:37:32,550
Bergier's article is making
some fantastical claims
687
00:37:32,910 --> 00:37:36,950
that they have a person
on the sub underwater
688
00:37:37,400 --> 00:37:41,440
who is sending telepathic
communications to a person
689
00:37:41,560 --> 00:37:45,440
on land who receives them.
690
00:37:45,560 --> 00:37:48,600
That's kind of bonkers.
691
00:37:48,720 --> 00:37:50,360
The experiments themselves,
692
00:37:50,480 --> 00:37:52,240
according to bergier's article,
693
00:37:52,360 --> 00:37:55,160
were using something
called zener cards, which were
694
00:37:55,280 --> 00:37:58,880
commonly used in esp research.
695
00:37:59,000 --> 00:38:01,160
The sender would look
at cards, and the receiver
696
00:38:01,280 --> 00:38:03,040
would attempt to identify the shapes
697
00:38:03,160 --> 00:38:04,880
that he saw on these cards.
698
00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:09,200
And according to bergier,
it worked fantastically well.
699
00:38:09,320 --> 00:38:11,840
This story is impossible to verify.
700
00:38:11,960 --> 00:38:15,040
But if it's true, it's a game changer.
701
00:38:17,000 --> 00:38:20,080
"Nautilus" could receive
its firing orders while still
702
00:38:20,200 --> 00:38:21,520
hidden deep beneath the waves.
703
00:38:22,750 --> 00:38:25,190
A form of communication that is silent
704
00:38:25,550 --> 00:38:27,910
and can't be intercepted by the enemy
705
00:38:28,360 --> 00:38:31,280
is just what they need.
706
00:38:31,400 --> 00:38:34,360
The Soviets are playing catch-up.
707
00:38:34,480 --> 00:38:37,200
They come up with their
own psychic test, which is
708
00:38:37,320 --> 00:38:41,120
revealed in a declassified CIA report.
709
00:38:41,240 --> 00:38:44,440
Buried in the documents
are details of a sinister
710
00:38:44,560 --> 00:38:47,720
Soviet sub-to-shore
telepathy experiment,
711
00:38:47,840 --> 00:38:50,560
this one using animals.
712
00:38:50,680 --> 00:38:53,760
Soviet scientist pavel naumov
is pursuing research that
713
00:38:53,880 --> 00:38:56,800
suggests there's a strong psychic link
714
00:38:56,920 --> 00:39:00,680
between mother and child
that could make telepathy easier.
715
00:39:00,800 --> 00:39:04,840
His theory is that no matter
how far apart the mother
716
00:39:04,960 --> 00:39:09,640
and child are, the mother can
sense the death of that child,
717
00:39:09,760 --> 00:39:11,840
that they are connected.
718
00:39:13,670 --> 00:39:18,070
To test the idea, Soviet
scientists separate a mother
719
00:39:18,190 --> 00:39:20,150
rabbit from her babies.
720
00:39:20,510 --> 00:39:25,470
They send her young out
on a submarine far out to sea.
721
00:39:25,920 --> 00:39:29,360
On land, the scientists insert electrodes
722
00:39:29,480 --> 00:39:31,680
into the mother rabbit's skull so they
723
00:39:31,800 --> 00:39:35,480
can measure the electrical
activity in her brain.
724
00:39:35,600 --> 00:39:39,640
Then the telepathic
communication test begins.
725
00:39:39,760 --> 00:39:42,280
On the submarine deep underwater,
726
00:39:42,400 --> 00:39:46,760
these scientists are taking
the baby rabbits and one by one
727
00:39:46,880 --> 00:39:49,760
mercilessly executing them.
728
00:39:49,880 --> 00:39:52,400
Back on shore, naumov,
the Soviet scientist,
729
00:39:52,520 --> 00:39:56,080
was monitoring the brain
activity of the mother rabbit.
730
00:39:56,200 --> 00:39:59,880
Surprisingly, the test seems to work.
731
00:40:00,000 --> 00:40:03,320
Naumov claims that
the mother rabbit's brain
732
00:40:03,440 --> 00:40:07,440
has a signal spike every time
one of her little baby bunnies
733
00:40:07,560 --> 00:40:08,960
is murdered.
734
00:40:10,720 --> 00:40:13,480
This spurs a fever of activity
735
00:40:13,600 --> 00:40:16,880
inside the Soviet union, so that by 1967,
736
00:40:17,000 --> 00:40:20,120
there are 30 labs spending millions
737
00:40:20,240 --> 00:40:24,240
of rubles on this sort of
weird paranormal research.
738
00:40:25,920 --> 00:40:28,640
The record kind of goes dark after that.
739
00:40:28,760 --> 00:40:31,080
I'm sure the Soviets
continue to try telepathy,
740
00:40:31,200 --> 00:40:34,200
but in the end, there's no
evidence that this was ever put
741
00:40:34,320 --> 00:40:35,760
into practice successfully.
742
00:40:41,520 --> 00:40:45,200
From dangerous psychedelic
drugs to projects designed
743
00:40:45,320 --> 00:40:48,120
to trick the enemy, nations have always
744
00:40:48,240 --> 00:40:50,520
used mind games as weapons.
745
00:40:50,640 --> 00:40:53,760
Sometimes these tactics are disturbing,
746
00:40:53,880 --> 00:40:57,400
but sometimes they
lead to surprising victories.
747
00:40:57,520 --> 00:40:58,960
I'm David duchovny.
748
00:40:59,080 --> 00:41:02,240
Thanks for watching
"secrets declassified."
59991
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