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(Transcribed by TurboScribe.ai. Go Unlimited to remove this message.) The length of the short side of the wall is 18km, and the long side is as long as 72km.

The height of the wall is 14m, and it is made of three layers,

so that the carriage of four horses on the wall does not stop and moves forward.

It was found that the population of Babylon was about 150,000 as a result of researchers' research later that day.

It doesn't seem much compared to today, but in the 6th century BC, it was larger than any city in the world.

Babylon saw this as this enormous, fabulous city.

It was so different from what they were used to that they described it in impossible terms.

Now, it is not easy to imagine Babylon, which was once great, here.

Then, how did the Babylonians build a huge civilization on this vast desert, less than 100mm in diameter?

Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia means the land between two rivers.

In fact, there are the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers here,

and the two rivers start from Anatolia, the northern part of Turkey today.

And along this river, the oldest cities were born 3,000 years before the origin.

That's the Mesopotamian civilization.

The southern part of Iraq

No matter how much you look around, there are shallow lakes and swamps where only reeds grow.

It is also a gift created by the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers.

Because of this, the people here have been catching fish or raising cows for thousands of years, and they have also lived by harvesting jujubes.

However, they have also learned how to react actively to the natural environment.

For the first time in human history, they started a related agriculture,

and when the income exploded, the remaining production had to be solved through education.

In this area, surplus was produced, surplus of grain, through intensive agriculture.

And where there's a surplus, the owners of the surplus have to store it and distribute it and look after it.

And so people came to live together.

Now people had to record the amount of harvest.

A symbol was created, and finally a text message was born.

The Mesopotamians have already found text messages, math, and constellations that we know today.

They also created a 60-minute clock.

It was the main force that created the intellectual and social system we use today.

300km south of Baghdad.

There is a huge ziggurat of Ur, well known as the birthplace of Abraham.

It is a tower built by ancient Sumerians to worship God.

It was built, well we don't know when it was built, it was certainly built sometime already in the 3rd millennium BC, 5000 years ago.

The ziggurat was a very sacred place from ancient times, meaning that it was a house that connected heaven and earth.

But this also did not avoid the end of the war.

These are the traces of the bullets that occurred during the battle.

At that time, the priests would have approached God through these stairs.

You can easily guess how prosperous Ur was at that time just by looking at the size of the ziggurat.

Most of it was buried in the ground, but there are traces of the palace and houses left all over the place.

If you look down from above, you can find traces of rivers, unlike today.

From now on, 5,000 years ago, Ur was without trees, and there was a palace over a sturdy wall.

In the center of the palace, there was a ziggurat 45 meters high to welcome God.

Ur was a beautiful city with about 4,200 households and 35,000 people living around the ziggurat.

Ur was a beautiful city with about 4,200 households and 35,000 people living around the ziggurat.

Sumerian civilization, which was founded around Ur around 1,800 BC, is going through a transition period.

Borosipa emerged as the most powerful force after defeating countless desert cities.

Borosipa Ziggurat is standing tall like a castle on a mountain.

However, if you look closely, you can see that this is not a mountain, but a giant ziggurat made of black bricks.

Only the bottom part was left.

Only the bottom part was left.

On the one hand, the building technology refers to a date at the end of the 3rd century,

and a note in the codex of Hammurabi, where we know that this king, at the beginning of the 2nd century,

restored this ziggurat.

Hammurabi built the old Babylon around Borosipa around 1,800 BC.

He created the world's first sacred text, famous for the Hammurabi Code, to rule the empire.

At the time of his reign, he completed Babylon as the largest empire in West Asia through a powerful centralized system.

However, after his death, Babylon was once again in danger.

The National Museum of Iraq, where numerous relics were looted during the Iraq War.

When you enter through the iron gate, you will see ancient relics found throughout Iraq displayed along the hallway.

At the end of the hallway, you will see an Assyrian relic found in the center of the museum.

Assyria was a country that was born around 3,000 BC.

However, after being conquered by Hammurabi, they lived in hiding for a long time.

Then, in the middle of the 14th century BC, they raised their forces again,

and unified all of Mesopotamia, including the old Babylon.

Babylon, the center of Mesopotamia, was always a threat to the Assyrians.

Assyria grew around the Nineveh,

and built not only the Babylonian empire that Hammurabi had built,

but also the vast empire of Persia.

Assyria, the birthplace of Persia

However, another force from the region of Chaldea, which is close to Persia, aims for Assyria.

They are often called the Chaldeans,

and they have lived in agriculture, woodworking, and farming for thousands of years.

They were able to enjoy abundance more than any other region.

Because there were two rivers, Euphrates and Tigris.

And they were on the fringes of Mesopotamia, towards the Indian Ocean, towards Iran.

And they were not sort of wild people in the swamps.

They were very highly educated, well, quite rich people.

And they had cities in their own territory.

Most of all, the reason why they were able to grow was trade.

The rich waters of Europe and India came here, and they were able to accumulate wealth.

And finally, the opportunity came to them, who had been waiting for a long time.

The leader of the Chaldeans was Nebuchadnezzar II.

He ascended to the throne in 605 B.C.

Immediately, he went to Babylon, claiming to be the successor of Hammurabi.

He captured Babylon from Assyria.

He defeated the remaining Assyrian forces in Nineveh,

and led his army westward.

Then, he conquered Jerusalem, including Assyria on the coast of the Mediterranean,

and even a part of Egypt.

He had access to great amounts of wealth, which he used to rebuild Babylon,

to turn Babylon into a great city.

Babylon was finally restored to Nebuchadnezzar II's ambitions.

If you follow this passageway, which is called the Way of the Ascension,

you can see the Ishtar Gate, which is 14 meters high and 50 meters wide.

Inside, there is a public garden decorated with all kinds of trees.

In the future, a Ziggurat, which is called the Babel Tower, was also built.

It's 900 hectares in size.

No ancient city of the Mediterranean world ever reached that size

until we get to the city of Rome during the Roman Empire.

The city wall was many kilometers long.

Also, the inner city, which is a rectangular city,

within this triangular city is very remarkable in its size,

something close to two and a half kilometers by one,

and between one and a half and two kilometers in size.

So for the ancient world, it was truly regarded as the largest city on earth.

We know that it is more difficult to protect the empire than to build it through history.

The Babylonians, who have experienced countless wars,

knew that better than anyone else.

This is the wall built by the Babylonians.

It's buried in half the ground now,

but it would have looked much higher in reality.

The material of the wall was only black brick.

The Babylonians added reeds and mortar between the black and white bricks

to increase adhesion and strength.

It's 14 meters high.

The massive wall covered not only the outside of the city,

but also the central part of the palace and temple.

Babylon was a city of iron and steel.

The carriage passed over the wall, which was over 7 meters thick,

and 24-hour watchmen were stationed on the roads.

But that wasn't all there was to the Babylonian defense.

It was the waterway.

The waterway was 10 meters wide and 3 meters deep,

and it was connected to the wall that had already been built.

In the city of deserts, where water is precious,

it was an unseen facility.

It was a rectangular city.

But also, within the city, there are several canals

that lead to the Euphrates River.

These canals transect the city,

actually divide the city up into several neighborhoods.

All of this was possible thanks to the river Euphrates.

The Babylonians not only surrounded the city,

but also used it as a means of life,

passing through the city like a spider's web.

For the outsiders who visited the city at the time,

Babylon must have felt like an underwater city.

This is a replica of the underwater system of Babylon at the time.

The underwater system of artificial water, not natural stone,

is known to be the first work completed by the Babylonians in human history.

It's a system of health and development.

It's a long process.

There are canals made of pottery,

and it's connected to the asphalt to prevent water from leaking.

All the civilizations that mankind has created were born from the river.

Depending on how the river was handled,

it evolved.

Babylon was no exception.

Now, the waterway has changed,

but this brick pile by the river where the Euphrates River once flowed

is a trace of the bridge built by the Babylonians at the time.

To build the bridge, they first built a strong wall 3.6 meters apart.

The bottom was firmly fixed using a baked brick.

Then, to prevent the debris of the brick,

they built a fence around it with spruce from Lebanon.

And they finished it with a top plate on top of it.

This was the world's most advanced technique and the biggest project at the time.

It was found that there were at least eight bridges like this in Babylon.

The bridge was connected to the gate, and each gate had a unique name.

The gate that the enemies hated.

The gate that the invaders hated.

There was also a gate that protected the lives of the soldiers.

But there was a more magnificent and beautiful gate than any other.

It was Ishtar Gate.

This gate, named after the god of war, Ishtar,

was 21 meters wide at the entrance,

and 14 meters high on both sides.

There were many lions, bulls, and dragons all over the gate.

All these structures were decorated on a blue brick.

They were all sacred animals that symbolized the god of Babylon.

Among them, this piece is the symbol of the god Marduk.

Marduk was worshiped in the city of Babel as the head of the gods.

This dragon symbolizes Marduk.

It has the head of a dragon,

and the mouth of a lion,

and the skin of a lion,

and the mane of a lion.

It all symbolizes the power of the god Marduk,

who was worshiped in the city of Babel as the head of the gods.

If the enemy had passed through this gate,

they would have had to go through these sacred animals first.

The god of the weather, Adad, symbolized by bulls,

and the dragon, symbolized by Marduk,

and the lion, symbolized by Marduk.

All of these were very effective devices that made the enemy feel extremely terrified.

Especially at night, only the golden animals would be visible.

So walking at night of this road,

one would feel surrounded by these images of the gods.

If you pass through this gate,

there is a central road that goes through the city

But there is a surprising fact here.

The black substance on the road was asphalt.

There was another surprising fact.

This large space on one side of the palace.

According to research,

this was a secret room where the king would meet the foreign gods.

Here, the arch technology, which is said to have been invented by the Greeks,

is being used.

The blue brick, which can only be salvaged if it is kept at 1450 degrees Celsius,

that is, the highest level of ceramic technology, was also used.

The grandly decorated Arian room

is also famous for the place where Alexander the Great, who conquered this place,

met his end.

But why did the Babylonians always enjoy the blue color?

As far as the color is concerned,

it is noticeable that the blue color is dominant.

But even today in the Orient,

blue plays a very special role,

a protective and defensive role.

Babylon, 600 BC, was the largest city in the world,

and the population was only 150,000.

In the 300 BC,

it is surprising that the population of Rome was less than 100,000.

The port of Euphrates River is overflowing with trade ships.

Merchants came along the northern Silk Road and the southern sea route.

By the second millennium,

there was a lot of to-ing and fro-ing between countries,

and even by ship.

There's carnelian on every site you look at in Mesopotamia,

and most of that comes from India.

This is the scene of the Babylonian street that was restored as a three-dimensional image.

There are carpets produced in Turkey,

sweet grapes and jujube palm trees brought from Central Asia,

as well as tropical fruits and mangoes.

There are a lot of things like pottery, perfumes,

African ivory, and steel here,

and through this,

it is possible to see the beauty of the world.

It must have flowed like this.

But there's a very interesting story.

It was by the Greek scholar Herodotus,

Herodotus, who traveled through Babylon,

records it in his book, History.

Women have to wait until the man chooses them.

The man pays a considerable amount of money to the woman he chooses,

and then he shows it to her outside the city.

What Herodotus saw was the wedding market scene in Babylon.

Women stood on the stage not by force, but by freedom,

and men could choose the woman they liked.

In the eyes of the Greeks,

Babylon was a wonderful city in the east,

with all kinds of interesting stories in the world.

And these stories were later used as elements

that stimulated Europeans' fantasies about Babylon.

The New Year of Babylon is coming.

3,000 years before the origin,

the Mesopotamian civilization began.

This day is the most important and sacred day for the Babylonians.

Every gate of the city opens on this day,

and different gods from different regions come together.

The New Year ritual for Marduk, the god of Babylon, began.