All language subtitles for The Americas - 1x09 - The West Coast.WEB.AMZN.en

This is The Americas,

an extraordinary journey
across Earth's great supercontinent.

The widest variety of life on the planet.

The untold story

of our home.

Subtitles: FΛSSTΞCH
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Tonight on The Americas...

The West Coast.

Here, the mighty Pacific Ocean

drives the rhythms and fortunes

of life on land, shore, and sea.

Journey from the tallest trees...

to the deepest waters.

And witness a world first...

the extraordinary new behavior

of the largest animal that's ever lived.

In a world that spans both land and sea,

who will be the winners...

...here on the West Coast?

This coastline stretches 2,000 miles

from sunbaked Californian shores,

past cloud-piercing forests in Oregon,

to the vast wilderness
of British Columbia, Canada.

Here, a maze of islands
clings to the coastline,

and the running tides are some
of the most extreme in the Americas.

Now to see what the receding waters
have served up.

And slipping out of the forest,

a hunter

that is found nowhere else on Earth.

A sea wolf.

Related to gray wolves,

their ancestors moved to these coasts
over 10,000 years ago.

They've developed an unusual talent

for finding seafood.

A butterfish.

A local delicacy.

This female is a lone wolf.

Once they come of age,

wolves are often driven out
of their parents' pack.

Now, she needs to find
a territory of her own.

But it's all too easy to stray
onto someone else's turf.

And they've already picked up a scent.

A confrontation could be fatal.

Time to get out of here.

The incoming tide will cover her tracks.

A close call.

But this is the life of a lone wolf.

Scratching a living where you can.

A powerful scent on the wind

could change everything.

But following it

means entering hostile territory.

The immense body of a humpback whale,

washed up by the tide.

It could be enough food for months.

But she's not the first to find it.

Being here is risky.

If a pack turned up now,
there would be no way out.

A pack?

No.

Another lone wolf.

A male.

A new pack starts
with the pairing of two lone wolves.

Perhaps they will claim
part of this remarkable coast

as their own.

The unusual relationship
that sea wolves have with the ocean

is what makes them so special.

And it's the same intricate connection
between land and sea

that defines so much of life
on the West Coast.

Like here,

where cold waters from the Pacific

collide with the warm air from the land,

creating an ethereal fog.

As it rolls in,

it brings nitrogen and phosphorus
from the ocean.

In California,

this giant redwood forest
collects nearly half its water

and vital nutrients from the fog.

Helping these trees grow
into the tallest on Earth.

The largest, nearly 400 feet high,

may have stood here for over 2,000 years.

These misty forests
are also home to a daredevil.

Willing to take a leap of faith,

all in the name of love.

Among the towering redwoods
of Northern California

lives an animal who certainly knows

how to make an entrance.

A wandering salamander.

Only found in these
humid coastal forests,

it uses the moist fog
to help absorb oxygen

directly through the skin.

No lungs required.

To find a mate,

he sets out on an extraordinary journey.

Wandering salamanders spend
most of their lives high in the canopy.

A female could be 200 feet above him

in any one of these colossal trees.

His flexible body and long limbs

mean he can scale this trunk
with impressive speed.

He'll need to.

It's the human equivalent
of five Empire State Buildings.

And the redwood's fibrous bark
makes it dangerous.

Even for this expert.

Made it.

His goal is within reach.

A fern mat.

They grow on the branches
of these gigantic trees.

These high-rise homes have everything
a salamander needs.

Not only do they absorb and retain
the forest moisture,

they have food.

And, yes,

his perfect match.

Just one problem.

Another male got there first.

Nothing for it but to keep searching.

Another fern mat?

And another couple.

This is not going to plan.

Not again.

Strike three.

This search for love has reached

the end of the road.

But there are more fern mats
in other trees.

And he has a trick.

One that has never been filmed before.

Using his tail as a rudder

and spreading his arms and legs,

he can steer through the air,

safely gliding 200 feet down.

He may be back where he started,

but base jumping
is the fastest way to get around.

Now, to renew his quest for a mate

by scaling a different tree.

He's not called a wandering salamander
for nothing.

Whether through tide or fog,
the influence of the Pacific

is never far away.

But this ocean is dangerous.

To succeed here,
one animal needs nerves of steel.

California's Central Coast is pounded
by some of the biggest surf in the world.

But these brave animals face it head-on.

Sea otters.

To find food,
they must enter the impact zone.

The mussels they want grow
on these wave-pummeled rocks.

The otters' webbed feet
make them powerful swimmers.

But it isn't easy.

They must time their dives
between the 20-foot waves.

The reward is a supply
of top-quality protein.

But for an otter mom,
hunting here can be a risk too far.

While she dives...

She has to leave her baby
on the surface...

...drifting on the strong currents.

Mom cries out for her pup.

And he recognizes her unique call.

She's found him.

To provide for her growing youngster,

Mom needs to eat 25 pounds
of seafood every day.

There may be plenty of food here,

but there is somewhere close by
with calmer waters.

Monterey Harbor.

There may not be as much food here,

but it seems like a safer place
for a mom to leave her pup.

Or maybe not.

This harbor has hazards of its own.

The mom can never really relax.

She needs a plan.

There's an idea.

With pup securely anchored,
Mom can hunt without worrying.

That's not doing the paintwork much good,

but a ship's hull does make
a fine mussel cracker.

Sea otter pups depend
on their mothers for six months.

All that time,
moms have to feed almost nonstop.

Whether it's big surf

or harbor living,

sea otters have worked out

how to make the most
of two very different worlds

on the West Coast.

Monterey has been a bustling harbor
for more than a hundred years,

making the most
out of the bountiful waters.

Its secret lies just beyond
the harbor wall.

Beneath the surface...

in places more than two miles down...

lies Monterey Canyon.

At its deepest, colossal walls
descend a mile further,

rivaling the Grand Canyon in scale.

Lurking down here is a truly
bizarre collection of creatures,

all evolved to live
in near-total darkness

and under crushing pressure.

Like this barreleye,

gazing upwards through
its own transparent head,

trying to pick out the faint silhouette
of any prey above.

This is a new frontier of exploration

where we search
for the weird and the wonderful.

Some animals here
almost defy imagination.

This is known as a giant larvacean,

even though it's only three inches long.

Every day, it secretes
two strange structures from its head,

both made of mucus.

A food filtration system
powered by its tail.

And a huge net,
which traps thousands of particles

as they drift through the darkness.

And while the animals are extraordinary,

so too, is the canyon itself.

It funnels cold, nutrient-rich water
to the surface on a vast scale.

Helping reefs to flourish

and providing a home
for a nine-brained behemoth

that has a secretive ritual

few people have ever witnessed.

On the cold-water reefs
off the West Coast,

the red rock crabs have a problem.

Every day, they're forced
into a deadly game of hide-and-seek

with a stealthy and clever hunter,

who not only has a brain in her head

but one in each arm as well.

You'd better have a good hiding place...

...from a giant Pacific octopus.

They are the world's largest,

up to 16 feet across.

Any crab she finds
is smothered and subdued

with toxic saliva.

Then cracked open
with her razor-sharp beak.

Her hunting success
over the last four years

has been preparing for this moment.

She sends out a scent
to attract a suitor.

And someone's homing in.

A huge male

who finds her irresistible.

He has a special mating arm

to gently transfer a packet of sperm.

A tender ritual that has never
been filmed before in the wild.

Their embrace can last four hours.

But once it's over, they part ways.

Never to meet again.

Her work is just beginning.

First, she creates a barricade.

Until there is no way in...

or out.

Nine months pass.

She is now guarding 100,000 eggs.

Every day, she has gently cleaned them

and made sure they're bathed
in oxygen-rich water.

All this time, she's never left her den.

And by now, she has grown very weak.

But at last, the eggs are ready to hatch.

Just the size of a grain of rice,

each miniature octopus

must now take its chances
in the vast Pacific Ocean.

But this is something
no octopus mom survives.

By starving herself,

she sacrificed her own life
to give her offspring the best chance.

Less than one percent will become adults.

The lucky ones will descend back
to the depths

and grow into giants,

just like Mom.

To succeed on the West Coast
can take everything you've got.

But when the conditions are right,

the rewards can be huge.

Just a hundred miles from Los Angeles

lies a chain of protected islands

that are a magnet for marine life.

Their most westerly point
is a remote beach

with classic California vibes,

even though there's not
a surfboard in sight.

San Miguel Island hosts

the largest gathering
of sea lions and seals on Earth.

Every summer, 120,000

make the soft, secluded sands their home.

And while the beach is their sanctuary,

the water holds the key
to their survival.

It's time to hit the surf.

Why go around when you can go over?

This is a pretty chill crowd.

They may be ungainly on land,

but when they reach the water,

it's poetry in motion.

At top speed,
they can reach 25 miles per hour.

And although they can easily travel
100 miles from shore

in search of food,

at this time of year,

the food comes to them

as billions of anchovies migrate inshore.

But catching one

is much harder than it looks.

The anchovies cluster together for safety

into what's known as a "bait ball."

This dazzling wall of fish
makes it difficult to pick one out.

So the sea lions wait.

Help is on the way.

Skipjack tuna
are an anchovy's worst nightmare.

They trap the bait ball at the surface.

But won't risk getting close
to the sea lions.

And in a surprising turn of events,

the anchovies seem to swarm around
the sea lions for protection.

Which suits the sea lions just fine.

Got one.

When the fish are running
in such huge numbers,

it draws attention.

And that means attack from all sides.

Each predator uses a different strategy.

But one is rather more effective
than others.

A pod of humpback whales brings
an end to the mayhem

with one gulp.

In summer on the West Coast,

every day can bring
an extraordinary feeding frenzy.

But for the sea lions,

it's now time to head for shore

before doing it all again tomorrow.

Further out in the open ocean,

dolphins herald the arrival of a titan.

The biggest animal to have ever lived,

a blue whale.

And in a world first,

they've been filmed behaving
in ways never seen before.

At over a hundred feet long,

only a blue whale...

...can make this boat look like a toy.

Every summer, blue whales migrate
900 miles from Central America

to make the most
of the West Coast's productive seas.

And this year,
they've brought someone special.

This is the world's biggest baby.

At birth...

...she's already the size
of a pickup truck.

She still depends on Mom's milk

and puts on a staggering
250 pounds a day.

Blue whales were once hunted
to near extinction.

Now they are protected.

Today, the West Coast
is one of their global strongholds.

And that brings us
an extraordinary opportunity.

It's a once-in-a-lifetime experience
to see just one blue whale.

Yet here are two.

And in a moment of astonishing rarity,

two becomes four.

What happens next
has never been filmed before.

The group begins racing.

They seem to be playing around.

One even throws in a barrel roll.

Why?

This is so unprecedented,
scientists can't be sure.

But it appears to be three males
competing to impress a female.

The world's largest dance-off.

Then, as a finale,

a blue whale weighing well over 100 tons

powers itself out of the water.

This is so remarkable,

it's rewriting what we know
about blue whales.

Nature still has the power to astound us.

Here...

on America's West Coast.

Subtitles: FΛSSTΞCH
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