All language subtitles for MV5BZTcwNDIzM2MtYzcwNC

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(gentle ambient music)

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- [Narrator] Over millennia
and across cultures,

whales and dolphins are seen as guardians

and guides to humans at sea.

We know them to be
intelligent, altruistic,

and emotionally aware
of each other and us.

Before even our oldest ancestor,

the first of the great apes was born,

cetaceans were the most intellectually

and sensitively complex creatures
the planet had ever seen.

(water roaring)

- Cetaceans, and for
us, they're the spirit,

the voice of the ocean.

- Actually, cetaceans the world
over are a lot like humans.

- There is so much we don't know yet,

and I feel that we're only
really scraping the surface

of their intelligence.

(soft tense music)

(blowhole huffing)

- [Narrator] They are the ocean's souls,

guides and protectors, here to lead us

towards a more connected future.

What if their intelligence
and sense of family

is not only linked to our
origins, but also to our future?

What if whales, dolphins,
humans, and all life on Earth

are meant to depend on each other?

To co-exist and learn from one another,

to see and support each
other as one family.

Maybe our very survival
depends on extending

our sense of family across
species and around the world.

(dramatic music)

(gentle music)

Whales and dolphins build family bonds

through play, language,
touch, sharing food,

teaching and raising their
young, nursing their sick,

and caring for one another, just as we do.

We see compassion and
awareness reflected so clearly

in our underwater relatives.

(blowhole huffs)

It's hard not to see
something profoundly familiar

in the bond between a
whale mother and her calf.

Even in silence, it's
easy to recognize the joy

from a loved one's touch.

There is a special tenderness
in a whale's embrace,

an unlimited attention.

(somber music)

The feeling exists beyond any language.

As humans, we call it love.

(whales chirping)

(somber music)

Whales and dolphins demonstrate
care for one another

through touch, sound, and passionate play.

Each species has their own
unique language of affection.

(water splashes)

Courting humpback pairs
rest on the ocean floor

in complete stillness, nose to nose.

Dolphin species, including orcas,

show affection in an energetic
and enthusiastic way.

They will even make
friendly physical contact

with other species.

(bright music)

At times, dolphins seek out mates

based on which males are the most popular

among their social groups,

showing that affection and friendliness

are highly valued qualities in pods

that are bonded by social care and love,

not just genetic relationships.

(gentle music)

A mother can carry its
calf's small carcass

over a thousand miles as
if she wouldn't accept

the loss of her child.

- What I find astonishing is
that anybody ever questions

whether other creatures feel pain

in the same way that we do.

They can't feel what we feel.

And it extends not just to
physical pain like being stabbed

or otherwise wounded.

You can wound your heart.

(gentle music)
(blowhole huffs)

- There's also examples of J35,

a Southern Resident killer
whale in the Pacific Northwest.

She gave birth to one of her calves,

and the calf lived for 30 minutes.

Sadly, the calf died.

For 17 days after that,
she carried around her calf

on her nose, in her teeth, on her rostrum.

For 17 days, it was
called the tour of grief.

It's really hard to be a
scientist and not see that

as an emotion, not see it as mourning.

I think that's where us
scientists sometimes need

to humanize that in the point
that they do have emotions.

(blowhole huffs)

- [Narrator] When these
close family bonds are broken

by death or capture,
they call out in panic,

searching for the relatives
that make them feel safe.

Even after decades in captive confinement,

orca and dolphins continue to call out

to the families they've once lost.

Whales and dolphins have suffered greatly

at the hands of humans,
and yet when wild whales

are approached with calm and respect,

they view us with patience,
curiosity, and compassion.

(whales chirping)

(blowhole huffs)

Whales carry the wisdom of memory.

Many cetaceans living
today have suffered anger,

sadness, and the loss of a relative

to hunting or entanglement.

(soft somber music)

(Yann speaking in French)

Yet they seem to view us
with great forgiveness

beyond our human capacity to understand.

(whale chirping)

Dolphins clearly express their joy

while doing leaps and spins
with visible exuberance.

(bright music)

- The more you see them,
and diving with them,

hundreds of hours being in
the water with the dolphins,

every time is different.

(bright music continues)

Some days are really surprising
that you see, for example,

when they are playing
football with a puffer fish

and they are together and it's
actually kind of teamwork,

when they balance poor
puffer fish in this way.

(bright music continues)

- [Narrator] We have such
a strong emotional interest

in these magnificent
animals because their need

for emotional connection
so closely mirrors our own.

When we witness their grief and fear,

their joy and affection, we have a chance

to remember our own ocean souls.

(cetaceans chirping)
(soft somber music)

- The dolphins and whales and other marine

are communicating to one
another, but can we tune in?

Can we figure out what it means,

and maybe get a conversation going?

It's a wonderful dream.

I hope it comes true.

(blowhole huffs)

(somber music)

- [Narrator] Communication
is a matter of survival.

It is how we ask for our needs met

when we cannot meet them ourselves.

As highly intelligent species,

many cetaceans live and
love in family groups,

depending on each other for
protection, food, and comfort,

even more than we do.

It is communication that makes
social survival possible.

Without it, each of us, human and animal,

would be completely isolated
within our own experience.

Language allows us to bond,
build, and thrive together.

- The greatest skill the cetaceans have

in terms of how they
communicate with each other is

not just the fact that
they can communicate

across huge distances, some species,

but also the way that
they transmit information

about the world around them,

the three-dimensional world around them.

And effectively what we're seeing,

what we're learning as the years go by

is that cetaceans have
abilities, which to humans,

are basically supersensory,

things that we could never replicate,

but things that we're learning
that these animals use

to understand and exist
in this very hostile,

alien environment,
things that have evolved

over the course of about
50 million years or so.

(gentle music)

- [Narrator] Whales and
dolphins rely on language

and sound communication
in an even bigger way.

Hearing is their most critical sense

and the basis of their daily survival.

(gentle music continues)

(whale chirps)

Cetaceans' sonic communication
is more important

than human sight.

They cannot navigate without the listening

and transmitting abilities of sound.

(whales clicking)

(Francois speaking in French)

(Francois clicking)

(Francois speaking in French)

(singer singing in foreign language)

(soft ominous music)

(Francois speaking in French)

(whale clicking)

A whale song might be
what first comes to mind

when thinking of their communications.

(soft somber music)

However, dolphins are the most
articulate and expressive.

(dolphins chirping)

Dolphins have languages

with more than 60,000 different words.

That's more than many human languages.

They combine distinctive combinations

of clicks, whistles, and
trills to communicate

complex ideas to one another.

(somber music continues)

The basic communication of
survival begins at birth.

Every species of whale and dolphin

has their own unique assigned word.

Immediately following the birth of a calf,

mother dolphins repeatedly call out

their own signature whistle.

(dolphin clicking)

This allows time for the new baby

to imprint on the unique voice
and name of its own mother

before hearing the names
of the rest of the pod.

- When we know about the
whistling and also the calfs

when they learn their
own signature whistle,

when they come, maybe
they even have a whistle

or like a name, a signature
name for me, for myself,

because I'm sure they also
talk about who is coming,

what's going on, when
they come to you in front

and they scan you, and they
even have a template probably

from different people, so
also from their group members.

(dolphins whistling)

- [Narrator] Two dolphins can even talk

about a third animal who is not present

by using the absent
animals' signature whistle,

showing their ability to
gossip or exchange information

about each other.

(dolphins whistling)

Toothed whales, like dolphins,
orcas, and sperm whales,

use sound to navigate, locate prey,

and coordinate group
hunting by echolocation.

By sending out sonic pulses
and reading the echoes

that bounce back, they can create an image

of what is around them,
and each pod member

receives the picture at the same time.

In quiet waters, they can
navigate every element

of their world without using sight,

entirely dependent on sound.

(water splashing)

Humpback songs are emotive vocalizations

made only by males at mating grounds,

and they play a key role
in attracting females.

These songs evolve and change every year.

(whale chirping)

Humpback calls, on the
other hand, are the basis

of their communication and
remain remarkably static

and consistent, even over generations.

(whales chirping)

Now, can you imagine losing
your ties to your loved ones,

your ability to communicate and connect,

being forced into an ever
louder and lonelier existence

as humans intrude into their habitats?

(dramatic music)

The conditions underwater
are hugely altered

by the global daily traffic of
over 50,000 shipping vessels,

sonic explorations, and
other human technologies.

And whales and dolphins
are struggling to keep up.

- For these animals, sound is how

they can see the environment.

So if there's a lack,
they have any problem

with sound production,
emission, or reception,

it's like for us to be blind.

(singer vocalizing)
(soft ambient music)

- [Narrator] The stress,
isolation, and psychological damage

of noisy oceans mean no
feeding, no meeting, no mating,

no offspring, and no future.

(soft ominous music)

(waves crashing)

When survival is the only goal,

life's needs become very focused.

We must be fed, protected, and sheltered.

(bright dramatic music)

But if we receive more
deliberate care and teaching

from those that love us,

(bright dramatic music continues)

if we are taught and nurtured
by their careful attention,

then it becomes possible for
us not just to survive alone,

but to thrive together as a family.

(bright dramatic music continues)

(water splashing)

An orca's family, or its
pod, is its everything.

Each of these groups has
a unique social structure,

often centered around several matriarchs,

and its own style of communication

that has been passed down
from generation to generation,

giving each pod its own culture.

(gentle music)

- Killer whale societies are matriarchal,

so grandma rules the roost.

Even though the male
is far bigger in size,

it's actually the female
that's the dominant one.

The killer while matrilineal
society is grandmas,

it's mothers, it's
sisters, it's daughters,

and they all live together.

They care for each other.

They feed together. They swim together.

Family life for them is critical.

- This is the things
that are sort of similar

to what we do in the human world

that we can see reflected in these animals

and these different
populations around the world,

which makes us become so
much more connected to them.

(water splashes)

(blowhole huffs)

- [Narrator] In a rare and
tender display of care,

there is even evidence
of elder female orca

acting as midwives attending
to the birth of calves.

These elders support calves
during their first breaths,

gently bringing them
to the water's surface

while the mother rests and recovers.

This evidence of care that mother and baby

are guided are supported during birth,

changes the way that orca enter the world.

Females also shape the family
dynamic of sperm whales,

living in related pods of
grandmothers, aunts, mothers,

and daughters who cooperate for life

in raising the pods' young together.

(gentle music)

(Francois speaking in French)

(blowholes huffing)

(singer vocalizing)

- [Narrator] While female sperm
whales cooperate for life,

males lead a more solitary existence,

maturing slowly spending around a decade

within the care of the pod.

They then migrate alone
as they grow to maturity

before forming short-term bachelor groups,

moving back into the range of females

when it's time to battle
for the right to mate.

Like elephants, lions, and great apes,

large male whales engage in
shows of strength and skill

to drive off weaker
competitors away from females.

(water sloshing)

Groups of male dolphins form
relationships early in life

that continue for decades,
and each friendship appears

to serve a different purpose.

(gentle music)

Some are for hunting.

Some are for protection.

And some are purely for
playing and socializing.

(dolphins chirping)

- The ones that have the
strongest social bonds

to other males, so the
the males that we saw

most often together, that these males

that were often seen with others,

that they also obtained the most females.

(dolphins chirping)
(gentle bright music)

- [Narrator] Cetacean family ties

exceed the pure biological imperative.

If a calf becomes an orphan,

there is always someone in the pod

to take on the guardian role.

(soft tense music)

Even more incredible is
their capacity for empathy,

sometimes resulting in a
truly special phenomenon,

an intraspecies adoption.

- Sometimes you see very
interesting behavior.

In French Polynesia,
we saw these dolphins,

these bottlenose dolphins
that have adopted

a melon-headed whale, and this is unique.

We believe it was an
orphan that got accepted

by the group, and it
behaves like a dolphin.

So, it's also very interesting behavior

that you don't see very often.

(gentle music)

- [Narrator] This desire
to nurture and nourish

another being through
adoptive care is altruistic,

deliberate, and sustained
through emotional connection.

(gentle music continues)

These conscious relationship bonds,

the foundation of cetacean families,

mirror how humans live
and love each other.

(water splashing)

The minds of cetaceans have
evolved much like ours.

We are all dependent on
caring for each other.

It keeps us alive.

(bright gentle music)

It is surprising that
the best test we have

for cognitive self-awareness,
the neurological soul,

involves a mirror.

(soft suspenseful music)

- They can recognize themselves,

they can recognize other individuals.

It's about visual recognition,

but it's also about using language

to identify each other.

It's a highly complicated way,

a highly effective way of communicating.

Those levels of complexity suggest

high levels of intelligence.

- The biggest brain on the
planet is not a human brain.

It's a sperm whale! (chuckles)

(whale clicking)

What do they know?

What can they do with all that gray matter

that is equivalent to ours?

Plus, they live in an environment

where they use capabilities
that we can only dream about

using sound to echolocate.

Oh, we can't do that.

I mean, not with what we have
built in with our brains.

(soft suspenseful music continues)

- [Narrator] Whales and dolphins
possess deep intelligence.

Their enormous brains
have complex capacities

to remember, teach, communicate,

and coordinate over vast distances.

This is what enables their survival

in every ocean on Earth, from coral reefs

to the polar ice caps.

The connection between
intelligence and social cooperation

might begin with cetaceans'
capacity for emotional empathy,

as evidenced by a high concentration

of spindle cell neurons in their brains.

(tense music)

In humans, these neurons are responsible

for complex skills like
language acquisition,

memory, social intelligence,
and compassion.

(singer vocalizing)
(tense music continues)

(birds squawking)

Orcas are also incredibly
inventive hunters,

constantly adapting to quickly
changing circumstances.

(soft ominous music)

(water splashes)

(soft ominous music continues)

While stealing fishermen's catches,

they are able to out-think and outmaneuver

every method used to try
and curtail their feeding.

People often wonder about
cetacean intelligence.

If they're so smart,
why haven't they built

what we've built?

The answer is pretty simple.

Cetaceans don't have hands
that would allow them

to modify their environment.

(soft ambient music)

- They can't write things down.

They don't have a library
they stow away somewhere,

but they've got a library in their heads

of experiences that do get transmitted

from generation to generation.

(water splashing)

- [Narrator] Over time, the
pod and the broader species

develop tools, techniques,
and social structures

that evolve over time.

Each generation builds on the
wisdom of their ancestors.

And since cetaceans lack
the physical dexterity

to modify that external environment,

their intelligence is focused
inward on cooperation,

family bonds, and unique,
strategic friendships.

(blowholes huffing)

- Orcas can live up to 80 years or more,

and they have these strong family bonds

that will remain with them
for the whole of their lives.

They actually go through menopause,

which is pretty rare
in the animal kingdom.

- It gives the females an opportunity

to pass on the knowledge
and the experience

that they've acquired over the years

and pass that on directly
through cultural learning

to these younger animals.

And that's a really remarkable thing,

that you take a back seat,

you don't compete with your offspring,

but you actually take part in learning

and nurturing and passing on culture.

(suspenseful music)
(water splashing)

- [Narrator] Bottlenose dolphins

also bond over special cultural learning,

like having a shower after
waking up every morning.

(gentle music)

- It's like a underwater spa kind of

to clean themself, and we
are analyzing right now

the substances of this
particular substrate,

and it looks like that
they are antibacterial

and even antifungals.

They probably are aware of
self-medication as well,

because it could be a very nice
prevention for skin disease.

(gentle music continues)

- [Narrator] Obviously
they use their intelligence

for problem solving.

Many behaviors in dolphins remind us

of our human capacity to care and nurture.

Mothers show special
strategies for watching

over their calves, even while they sleep.

- Dolphins, they're sleeping
only with one brain side,

one is awake and the
other one is sleeping,

and the opposite eye of the
sleeping brain side is closed.

The eye which is open
looks towards the calf,

so they are having a connection
also during sleeping.

- [Narrator] This echoes
the notion of sleeping

with one eye open that is so familiar

to human parents watching over a new baby.

(gentle music continues)
(water splashing)

(beach goers chattering)

Planet Earth is our place in the universe,

our one and only home.

But humans are not alone
here and we are not alone

in our experiences of love and family.

The Earth is a vast interspecies community

with a capacity for
intelligent interaction.

(soft music)

- When we first meet
them, they're so awesome.

Just their breathing is awesome.

Just the exhalation of the
breath of a great whale

is like nothing else in the world.

(blowhole huffs)

(Yann speaking in French)

- [Narrator] Like us, whales
and dolphins in every ocean

of the world live long lives

rooted in relationships and learning

alongside their family and friends.

(dolphin chirping)

- Normally, particularly
with primates, with humans,

if you do something for someone,

oftentimes there's a reason why,

you expect some kind of
a payback in the future,

but with cetaceans, so what is the case?

What is the point here?

We know that there are
lots of documented cases

of humpbacks particularly intervening

and protecting other species,
non-cetacean species,

seals and sea lions for
example, from attacks by sharks

and sometimes from
attacks by killer whales.

(whale clicking)
(gentle music)

- [Narrator] Our water-bound
cousins have always shown us

incredible levels of
interspecies kindness.

Some fishermen around the world

wouldn't possibly fish without the help

of their dolphin relatives.

(Luis speaking in foreign language)

(gentle music)

The ties between cetaceans and humans

are physical, spiritual,

(water splashing)

and emotional.

The ocean is a part of us.

Historically, around the
world, whales were hunted

in small numbers by
ancient tribes for food.

But advances in technology led

to faster engines and larger boats.

Whaling became a global
commercial enterprise

that pushed many species
to near extinction.

Some will never recover.

(ominous music)

Humans turned their fat
into oil to provide heat

and light for cities around the world,

collected their ambergris for perfume,

sold their meat and carved their bones.

(blowhole huffs)

In the 20th century alone,
nearly 3 million whales

were killed by whalers.

Today, commercial hunting continues

in a handful of countries,
by choice, not necessity.

(soft somber music)

Those who continue hunting cetaceans

have not recognized that
the animals they are killing

are the most sensitive of all,

the most intelligent of all.

The most like us.

- We're still killing them,
not so much deliberately today,

but inadvertently through all
the stuff we put in the ocean,

the nets that entangle them,

the noise that we put into the ocean

that disrupts their hearing,

disrupts their means to communicate.

(somber music)

- We can examine, we can excavate

and we can check levels of
stress that the animal's

been exposed to because of the hormones

that are present in the
tissue of an ear plug

from the ear canal of
a large baleen whale.

(water sloshing)

We can see the peak of commercial whaling

and how that affected
populations of whales.

We can also see the period
when the moratorium,

the ban effectively on
commercial whaling was brought

into effect and the associated
decrease in stress levels.

But actually, since the
1970s and into the 1980s

through to the present day,

we're seeing an increase
again in the levels

of stress hormones which are
being produced by large whales.

(gentle music)

- [Narrator] Science can now explore

more than just their biology.

We are gaining a deeper understanding

of the critical role that they play

in the health of our
oceans and our environment.

(blowhole huffs)

(gentle music continues)

- Whales really are our
allies in our battle

to mitigate climate change.

Whales also defecate at the surface,

and this poo is rich in nutrients,

particularly iron and nitrogen,

which are essential for
phytoplankton growth.

And it's this phytoplankton
acting like trees do on land,

that plays a key role in
removing carbon from the air

whilst forming the basis
of the marine food chain

that sustains all ocean life.

Over its lifetime, a whale
stimulates the growth

of a rain forest of
phytoplankton in the ocean,

capturing as much carbon
dioxide as thousands of trees.

Even at its death, the
whale can lock carbon

at the bottom of the ocean
for hundreds of years.

(water roaring)

(man cheers)

- Yes!
- Yeah!

- [Man] Oh my God.

- [Narrator] Whales and
dolphins have enormous

environmental and personal
value to humans and the planet,

(gentle music)

as well as playing a critical
role in our global economy.

Worldwide, whale-related ecotourism

generates over 2.5 billion U.S. dollars

and supports nearly 20,000 jobs.

But more importantly, these
encounters have the power

to change people's lives.

(Ryuzo speaking in Japanese)

(gentle music)

- The first time I got
eye to eye with an orca,

it really changed my life.

And what is remarkable
is that this change is

in the way of a better life.

Like if the Orca, they had this power

to repair your injuries.

(singer singing in foreign language)

- [Narrator] Encounters
between humans and cetaceans

enable transformation and healing.

When wild whales and dolphins demonstrate

compassionate curiosity, our
hearts and souls are touched.

(singer singing in foreign language)

(Miguel speaking in foreign language)

(gentle music)

- [Narrator] It is believed
that people exposed

to whale and dolphin sounds underwater,

either on animal therapy
sessions with wild animals

or simply by an encounter,
experience changes

to the nervous system and immune function

that facilitates healing.

(suspenseful music)

We have scientific proof
of how important cetaceans

are for the planet and for humankind.

We now understand that
we owe them our respect,

admiration, and protection.

(singer singing in foreign language)

(waves crashing)

(somber music)

(wave crashing)

(gentle music)

(water splashes)

(gentle bright music)

In so many ways, cetaceans
are just like us.

They have a rich family
life, complex friendships,

and form groups for life.

They have individual names
and speak in unique dialects.

They mourn, grieve, and
suffer as deeply as we do.

And what's so amazing
is that their capacity

for joy, empathy, and
compassion exceeds even our own.

(gentle music)

There is an endless amount
we can learn from them.

All we need to do is open
our minds to the fact

that we share this planet

with a species that is in many
ways more evolved than us.

(cetaceans chirping)

(singer vocalizing)

(singer singing in foreign language)

(gentle music)

(singer vocalizing)

(cetaceans chirping)