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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 โ™ช 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 โ™ช 3 00:00:54,596 --> 00:00:57,349 It was really just an experiment. 4 00:00:57,432 --> 00:01:01,728 That this unloved area became a sanctuary. 5 00:01:11,238 --> 00:01:15,367 They come from the inhospitable landscape out there. 6 00:01:15,450 --> 00:01:16,952 And seeks Knepp. 7 00:01:24,793 --> 00:01:27,296 It's like a fairy tale. 8 00:01:31,466 --> 00:01:33,719 The earth coming to life behind them. 9 00:01:42,227 --> 00:01:44,396 Isn't that a great sound? 10 00:01:53,405 --> 00:01:56,992 We didn't understand it at all when we were farming. 11 00:01:57,075 --> 00:01:59,870 We hadn't seen the magic. 12 00:02:01,288 --> 00:02:03,373 But it happened here. 13 00:02:18,764 --> 00:02:21,224 It started a long time ago. 14 00:02:22,684 --> 00:02:26,855 Charlie and I were very young, in our twenties. 15 00:02:28,315 --> 00:02:34,154 We drove through this wonderful, traditional agricultural area. 16 00:02:34,237 --> 00:02:37,240 It was an English idyll. 17 00:02:42,287 --> 00:02:44,998 As we now know, it is something quite different. 18 00:02:46,249 --> 00:02:48,502 A lost landscape. 19 00:02:54,132 --> 00:02:58,261 We were blissfully unaware of the insidious developments that were underway. 20 00:03:02,432 --> 00:03:04,851 But since we were born in the 60s, 21 00:03:04,935 --> 00:03:08,480 We have lost millions of birds from the sky. 22 00:03:08,563 --> 00:03:11,233 Our native mammals are threatened with extinction. 23 00:03:12,943 --> 00:03:16,238 We are one of the most exhausted countries in the world. 24 00:03:18,490 --> 00:03:20,701 Back then we saw it as normal. 25 00:03:39,177 --> 00:03:42,222 Knepp Castle was built in 1812 26 00:03:42,305 --> 00:03:47,728 and is surrounded by agricultural land of approximately twelve square kilometers 27 00:03:47,811 --> 00:03:50,021 in south-east England. 28 00:03:55,026 --> 00:03:58,155 Charlie was a trained farmer 29 00:03:58,238 --> 00:04:01,742 and was ready to take over the family farm. 30 00:04:03,201 --> 00:04:06,705 He was already told at the age of 14, 31 00:04:06,788 --> 00:04:09,958 that it should skip a generation and go to him. 32 00:04:14,838 --> 00:04:16,465 What a privilege. 33 00:04:16,548 --> 00:04:19,426 And yet something was bubbling beneath the surface, 34 00:04:19,509 --> 00:04:21,845 which we did not understand. 35 00:04:23,472 --> 00:04:25,640 The area was completely plowed up. 36 00:04:25,807 --> 00:04:30,729 Field after field of crops, drowned in chemicals. 37 00:04:30,812 --> 00:04:34,983 Fertilizer and fungicides and weed killers. 38 00:04:36,026 --> 00:04:39,488 And it is well known that the soil here is difficult to cultivate. 39 00:04:39,571 --> 00:04:43,158 It is simply not suitable for industrial agriculture. 40 00:04:52,834 --> 00:04:57,297 Intensive farming was practiced all the way down to the lake and around the house. 41 00:04:57,464 --> 00:05:01,406 Everything was plowed, sprayed and fertilized. 42 00:05:01,430 --> 00:05:04,721 And it was all financed via subsidies. 43 00:05:04,805 --> 00:05:08,058 And that probably applied to everyone around here. 44 00:05:10,435 --> 00:05:13,522 We farmers were dependent on subsidies. 45 00:05:14,523 --> 00:05:19,986 Which, among other things, helped pay for tons of fertilizer and pesticides. 46 00:05:20,070 --> 00:05:23,907 - There you are. - Yes, in the cornfield. 47 00:05:24,074 --> 00:05:26,910 Geez, look at that 80s hairstyle. 48 00:05:29,663 --> 00:05:31,957 But that is not sustainable in the long run. 49 00:05:32,040 --> 00:05:37,587 And it destroys the land on which we depend. 50 00:05:37,671 --> 00:05:42,217 And not having a plan for the future, 51 00:05:42,300 --> 00:05:45,929 but knowing that we couldn't continue as we were doing, 52 00:05:46,012 --> 00:05:48,598 was depressing. All those sleepless nights. 53 00:05:48,765 --> 00:05:50,600 And no one mentioned the earth? 54 00:05:50,767 --> 00:05:55,313 You didn't walk around smelling it and saying, "What a nice organic material." 55 00:05:55,397 --> 00:05:57,315 Not that way. 56 00:05:57,399 --> 00:06:00,944 Maybe it was just me giving up, but... 57 00:06:06,616 --> 00:06:08,869 Our story is about the earth. 58 00:06:08,952 --> 00:06:11,746 The layer that covers the planet. 59 00:06:11,830 --> 00:06:16,585 Which we depend on for everything. And we were in the process of destroying it. 60 00:06:18,753 --> 00:06:21,089 Something is not right. 61 00:06:21,172 --> 00:06:25,176 You sense that something is wrong. 62 00:06:40,942 --> 00:06:45,947 It was only when we realized how bad things were, 63 00:06:46,031 --> 00:06:49,075 that we started listening. 64 00:06:53,496 --> 00:06:59,252 I believe that the one who made us look at the earth in a completely new way, 65 00:06:59,336 --> 00:07:03,465 was Ted Green. The Nestor when it comes to farming. 66 00:07:09,763 --> 00:07:13,224 He was a bit of an untamed child. 67 00:07:13,308 --> 00:07:16,561 He is symbiotically connected to the trees. 68 00:07:16,645 --> 00:07:19,648 He is a wandering mycorrhizal fungus. 69 00:07:19,731 --> 00:07:23,652 He doesn't take a shower. He thinks it's a terrible thing. 70 00:07:23,818 --> 00:07:28,365 That we are all bacteria and fungal spores. He thinks completely differently. 71 00:07:30,700 --> 00:07:34,955 Ted came and advised us about our oak trees at Knepp. 72 00:07:35,038 --> 00:07:40,251 There was something wrong with them. He was horrified by what he discovered. 73 00:07:43,838 --> 00:07:47,550 Wherever I looked, I saw a sea of โ€‹โ€‹wheat. 74 00:07:47,717 --> 00:07:51,596 And I thought, โ€œOh, theyโ€™re killing them. 75 00:07:51,680 --> 00:07:53,515 They die." 76 00:07:53,682 --> 00:07:56,142 He said that the tree's roots extend 77 00:07:56,309 --> 00:07:59,980 almost fifteen meters out from the crown. 78 00:08:00,063 --> 00:08:04,401 Away from the crown. All the oak trees seen here, 79 00:08:04,484 --> 00:08:08,405 are connected via microscopic fibers. 80 00:08:08,488 --> 00:08:14,411 Mycorrhizal fungi that run through the soil and collect minerals and nutrients. 81 00:08:14,577 --> 00:08:20,250 They're really small threads. Like cotton. 82 00:08:21,001 --> 00:08:26,923 He described it as a seething, chemical circuit beneath our feet. 83 00:08:29,050 --> 00:08:34,681 The life-giving system that keeps almost every plant on the planet alive. 84 00:08:43,732 --> 00:08:46,818 Plants and trees can actually talk to each other. 85 00:08:46,901 --> 00:08:52,741 Communicate about diseases. About attacks from plague and insects. 86 00:08:52,824 --> 00:08:55,201 Or about being eaten by animals. 87 00:08:59,039 --> 00:09:03,126 Some claim that mycorrhizal fungi can span continents. 88 00:09:03,209 --> 00:09:05,377 Over hundreds of kilometers 89 00:09:05,545 --> 00:09:07,588 without affecting their system. 90 00:09:16,597 --> 00:09:19,809 And we've been getting through it every year. 91 00:09:21,227 --> 00:09:26,024 And sprayed the soil and mycorrhizal fungi with poison. 92 00:09:26,107 --> 00:09:29,444 It was we who destroyed the vital system, 93 00:09:29,527 --> 00:09:31,613 on which the trees depend. 94 00:09:32,864 --> 00:09:37,035 The earth eventually turns to dirt. Without organic life. 95 00:09:47,921 --> 00:09:53,802 And it needs fertilizer if anything is to grow in it. 96 00:09:57,097 --> 00:10:01,810 A young couple, two children and a huge area. 97 00:10:01,976 --> 00:10:05,396 To take them out here and show them trees 98 00:10:05,563 --> 00:10:08,149 like this, and consider them. 99 00:10:08,316 --> 00:10:10,944 To look at the tree in a different way. 100 00:10:11,111 --> 00:10:12,946 And they understood it. 101 00:10:13,113 --> 00:10:16,074 When I went home, I thought: 102 00:10:16,157 --> 00:10:19,369 They're going to do something. Something's going to happen. 103 00:10:22,539 --> 00:10:27,252 In a way, we couldn't look at the earth the same way anymore. 104 00:10:28,628 --> 00:10:33,007 People like Ted told us how connections 105 00:10:33,174 --> 00:10:36,845 can start a chain reaction, 106 00:10:36,928 --> 00:10:39,305 which can start a whole cycle. 107 00:10:46,479 --> 00:10:51,276 And recreate the landscape that we have missed for hundreds of years. 108 00:10:56,156 --> 00:10:57,824 Ted told Charlie, 109 00:10:57,907 --> 00:11:02,662 that if he really wanted to understand what a landscape should look like, 110 00:11:02,745 --> 00:11:07,542 then he was to visit and take a closer look at a radical experiment in the Netherlands. 111 00:11:09,043 --> 00:11:11,504 Sometimes it is called Oostvardersplassen. 112 00:11:16,301 --> 00:11:21,639 Here, an ecologist, Frans Vera, had a radical idea: 113 00:11:21,723 --> 00:11:27,979 how animals integrated into the landscape long before humans changed it. 114 00:11:28,062 --> 00:11:33,276 Science believes that all of Europe looked like this. 115 00:11:33,359 --> 00:11:38,031 Covered by trees. I think that's wrong. 116 00:11:38,114 --> 00:11:44,370 Few believe my idea of โ€‹โ€‹what the natural landscape looked like. 117 00:11:44,454 --> 00:11:47,957 My theory is that the natural landscape 118 00:11:48,041 --> 00:11:53,838 driven forward by large hordes of large animals. 119 00:11:54,005 --> 00:11:57,759 Frans began a startling experiment. 120 00:11:57,926 --> 00:12:01,846 He introduced Konik ponies, a herd of ancient horses, 121 00:12:02,013 --> 00:12:05,391 and heck cattle, a wild breed of cattle. 122 00:12:12,357 --> 00:12:18,655 The herds imitated the ancient animals that once roamed across Europe. 123 00:12:18,738 --> 00:12:22,659 The large animals would hold down the trees, turn the earth, 124 00:12:22,742 --> 00:12:28,539 change the landscape and show us what Europe may have looked like in the past. 125 00:12:28,623 --> 00:12:34,003 A landscape that we can no longer imagine. 126 00:12:35,713 --> 00:12:41,302 Even scientists believe that you are crazy if you believe in such an idea. 127 00:12:41,469 --> 00:12:44,472 "It doesn't make sense. It's not going to work." 128 00:12:52,855 --> 00:12:55,608 You only believe it when you see it. 129 00:13:04,367 --> 00:13:06,452 The trees did not take over the terrain. 130 00:13:06,536 --> 00:13:10,665 Instead, a patchwork of different species emerged, 131 00:13:10,748 --> 00:13:13,126 which supplied an enormous number of animals, 132 00:13:14,377 --> 00:13:16,754 where so few had survived before. 133 00:13:17,922 --> 00:13:21,301 Charlie came. I didn't know him. 134 00:13:21,467 --> 00:13:26,306 He watched the cattle and the wild horses and deer. 135 00:13:27,682 --> 00:13:30,768 I didn't expect it to lead to anything. 136 00:13:30,852 --> 00:13:35,732 Why would a crazy Englishman adopt such an idea? 137 00:13:36,899 --> 00:13:39,694 He liked it, but I know from experience, 138 00:13:39,777 --> 00:13:45,241 that you will encounter a lot of resistance if you adopt such an idea. 139 00:14:02,383 --> 00:14:05,845 Instead of constantly fighting against nature, 140 00:14:05,928 --> 00:14:08,264 I would adapt the idea to Knepp. 141 00:14:09,474 --> 00:14:14,604 If we come home with this idea, it will bring about great change. 142 00:14:14,687 --> 00:14:17,982 It's never been done before, and there are so many laws, 143 00:14:18,066 --> 00:14:21,027 which prevents one from even thinking along such lines. 144 00:14:24,113 --> 00:14:28,034 If you are a farmer, or especially belong to a generation of farmers, 145 00:14:28,117 --> 00:14:31,871 is the moment when you decide to stop, 146 00:14:31,954 --> 00:14:36,584 burdened with so much guilt and so much pride. 147 00:14:43,883 --> 00:14:47,428 SALES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY 148 00:14:47,512 --> 00:14:52,225 The Burrell family has farmed the land here for over 200 years. 149 00:14:55,478 --> 00:14:58,356 Good morning and welcome to Knepp Castle's farm. 150 00:14:58,439 --> 00:15:00,733 On this wet September morning. 151 00:15:00,817 --> 00:15:04,821 They sell their agricultural materials and equipment for cattle farming. 152 00:15:04,987 --> 00:15:07,365 For those who have never been to an auction before... 153 00:15:07,448 --> 00:15:13,246 All your efforts, hopes and dreams. 154 00:15:13,329 --> 00:15:18,793 They admit to the outside world that it has all been in vain. 155 00:15:20,753 --> 00:15:23,423 It is incredibly painful to watch. 156 00:15:23,506 --> 00:15:25,133 Sold for 25 pounds. 157 00:15:27,009 --> 00:15:29,178 Charlie couldn't stand to watch. 158 00:15:29,262 --> 00:15:32,098 He was in his office. 159 00:15:32,181 --> 00:15:34,809 It was still too new. 160 00:15:56,247 --> 00:15:59,667 Francis' message was clear: 161 00:16:01,794 --> 00:16:07,216 We were going to tear down the fence. Tear everything up. 162 00:16:07,300 --> 00:16:10,928 And let the animals roam freely. 163 00:16:25,651 --> 00:16:28,946 It was incredibly exciting when we let the Exmoor ponies out. 164 00:16:29,030 --> 00:16:32,575 They kicked and jumped around. 165 00:16:32,658 --> 00:16:37,038 They have a robust appearance that takes you back to the Ice Age. 166 00:16:37,830 --> 00:16:42,001 There is a wildness about them that domesticated animals do not have. 167 00:17:03,439 --> 00:17:06,901 We were looking for ancient breeds. 168 00:17:06,984 --> 00:17:14,158 Cattle that are as close to their ancestor, the aurochs, as possible. 169 00:17:15,034 --> 00:17:18,329 Instead of wild boar, we acquired Tamworth pigs. 170 00:17:20,665 --> 00:17:22,458 Like that, yes. Off you go. 171 00:17:30,174 --> 00:17:33,803 It was the beginning of a journey for all these animals. 172 00:17:34,845 --> 00:17:36,973 From domestic to wild. 173 00:17:40,476 --> 00:17:45,481 I remember the pigs best. They seemed so incredibly docile. 174 00:17:53,906 --> 00:17:56,033 Is it possible for these animals, 175 00:17:56,117 --> 00:18:00,121 these huge, domesticated animals, to survive out here? 176 00:18:12,882 --> 00:18:15,719 The first winter it would break or bear. 177 00:18:16,345 --> 00:18:20,349 Could the animals really survive out here? 178 00:18:20,516 --> 00:18:22,977 All the long winter? 179 00:18:23,060 --> 00:18:26,355 Farm animals are fed in the winter. 180 00:18:26,439 --> 00:18:29,025 But ours had to take care of itself. 181 00:18:59,805 --> 00:19:02,224 After all the doubts and worries 182 00:19:02,308 --> 00:19:05,811 It was pure joy when you met a sow 183 00:19:05,895 --> 00:19:11,442 walking along an old hedge with a retinue of piglets behind him. 184 00:19:38,969 --> 00:19:42,181 When the day was drawing to a close, 185 00:19:42,264 --> 00:19:47,395 She carefully led them to the shelter of a clearing. 186 00:19:49,897 --> 00:19:53,651 Using the leaves on the ground 187 00:19:53,734 --> 00:19:56,779 She built a little nest for them. 188 00:19:58,781 --> 00:20:02,159 She had returned to her natural behavior. 189 00:20:15,256 --> 00:20:18,092 They find a small cave where they can stay warm, 190 00:20:18,175 --> 00:20:22,263 because they are quite small and quite thin when they are born. 191 00:20:32,273 --> 00:20:34,358 But it doesn't stop there. 192 00:20:34,442 --> 00:20:38,279 She returns with leaves and moss, 193 00:20:38,362 --> 00:20:42,908 which she puts them in, and which acts as a duvet at night. 194 00:21:19,236 --> 00:21:24,867 And at this time of year, the pregnant cows wander around looking for a secluded spot, 195 00:21:24,950 --> 00:21:27,036 where they can calve. 196 00:21:40,216 --> 00:21:42,676 After generations in captivity 197 00:21:42,760 --> 00:21:47,306 This calf is born one step closer to the outdoors. 198 00:22:00,986 --> 00:22:05,950 After giving birth, she needs iron, so she immediately starts eating nettles. 199 00:22:07,451 --> 00:22:10,704 She doesn't eat them at other times of the year. 200 00:22:15,501 --> 00:22:21,590 And when the time comes, the cow introduces her calf to the rest of the herd. 201 00:22:21,674 --> 00:22:27,179 It is a touching experience to see all the cows, starting with the matriarch, 202 00:22:27,263 --> 00:22:30,349 Welcome the calf and watch it become part of the tribe. 203 00:22:30,432 --> 00:22:33,102 Part of their collective consciousness. 204 00:22:42,319 --> 00:22:47,533 You realize that these instincts are completely unattainable. 205 00:22:47,700 --> 00:22:49,910 In a farm environment. 206 00:23:03,424 --> 00:23:06,552 Charlie doesn't like to talk about the past. 207 00:23:06,635 --> 00:23:11,682 He focuses on us creating a new landscape for the future. 208 00:23:11,765 --> 00:23:15,811 But we are definitely trying to awaken ancient relationships. 209 00:23:17,646 --> 00:23:21,692 Our animals may look like tame ponies and shabby old cows, 210 00:23:21,775 --> 00:23:24,398 But right from the beginning, the animals 211 00:23:24,422 --> 00:23:27,448 begin to become something completely different. 212 00:23:35,789 --> 00:23:39,627 That's not to say there weren't challenges on the journey. 213 00:23:39,710 --> 00:23:42,296 From the domesticated to the wild. 214 00:23:42,379 --> 00:23:45,466 Not least with the rather complicated Duncan. 215 00:23:46,926 --> 00:23:49,678 Duncan was not afraid of people at all, 216 00:23:49,762 --> 00:23:53,891 and he fell into a heap outside the door of the property's office. 217 00:23:54,767 --> 00:23:57,811 They do this to mark their territory. 218 00:23:57,895 --> 00:24:02,399 One day he broke into the office and went straight to the reception. 219 00:24:02,483 --> 00:24:05,361 He scared the life out of our secretary. 220 00:24:07,196 --> 00:24:08,781 Out with you now. 221 00:24:08,864 --> 00:24:12,743 He was problematic because he didn't know if he was wild or tame. 222 00:24:12,826 --> 00:24:15,120 He found himself in a strange borderland. 223 00:24:17,539 --> 00:24:20,209 It wasn't just Duncan who was too tame. 224 00:24:20,292 --> 00:24:22,711 At that time we collected money 225 00:24:22,795 --> 00:24:26,340 through fairs and polo tournaments. 226 00:24:26,507 --> 00:24:28,342 He has to go all the way. 227 00:24:28,509 --> 00:24:33,389 And the pigs, of course, began to associate party tents with food. 228 00:24:35,349 --> 00:24:40,437 They went straight into the tent and began mingling with the guests. 229 00:24:42,314 --> 00:24:44,400 And eat canapes. 230 00:24:50,990 --> 00:24:53,283 He takes the ball. 231 00:24:53,450 --> 00:24:55,703 They are looking for an opportunity up the field. 232 00:24:55,869 --> 00:24:58,372 They broke into a catering tent. 233 00:24:58,455 --> 00:25:02,835 And ate boxes of Mr. Whippy's ice cream mix. 234 00:25:04,294 --> 00:25:08,549 They are moving forward. Now they have the ball and are approaching the goal. 235 00:25:08,632 --> 00:25:10,551 And then Duncan appeared. 236 00:25:13,721 --> 00:25:18,017 They press and move the ball forward. 237 00:25:18,100 --> 00:25:23,731 It looks like a track runner. A wild Exmoor pony. 238 00:25:23,814 --> 00:25:25,315 Stay calm. 239 00:25:25,399 --> 00:25:30,404 Duncan is mixing with these precious polo ponies, 240 00:25:30,487 --> 00:25:32,531 and is ready to fight. 241 00:25:32,614 --> 00:25:35,534 We have a few problems, but the game continues. 242 00:25:35,701 --> 00:25:37,578 Just stay calm. 243 00:25:38,912 --> 00:25:41,540 There was always total chaos. 244 00:25:42,291 --> 00:25:45,627 Oh, no. He's heading for the marquee. 245 00:25:45,794 --> 00:25:51,008 He comes out and knocks over the table! The lemon cake is ruined. 246 00:25:51,091 --> 00:25:55,679 He's returning to the field. He's definitely not a polo pony. 247 00:26:00,684 --> 00:26:04,480 He is on his way to the goal. The pony is flying all over the place. 248 00:26:04,563 --> 00:26:08,067 It's funny here afterwards, but that kind of behavior 249 00:26:08,233 --> 00:26:11,445 could have easily turned the public against us. 250 00:26:11,528 --> 00:26:15,574 If that happened, we risked the state removing their support. 251 00:26:16,867 --> 00:26:18,243 The clock was ticking. 252 00:26:18,327 --> 00:26:22,998 Could this motley assembly of animals reshape the landscape? 253 00:26:23,082 --> 00:26:27,127 In the way that people like Ted and Frans claimed they would? 254 00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:37,012 The first signs of how animals could change this small part of England, 255 00:26:37,096 --> 00:26:38,597 came from the pigs. 256 00:26:40,808 --> 00:26:46,063 The first thing they did was plow the edges down along all the driveways. 257 00:26:46,146 --> 00:26:48,482 Furrows on both sides of the driveways. 258 00:26:48,565 --> 00:26:53,362 The reason was that these areas had never been plowed before. 259 00:26:53,445 --> 00:26:58,784 It was the only part of the area that we had never plowed or sprayed. 260 00:26:58,867 --> 00:27:04,581 Which were full of life, with the worms, insects and roots that they sought. 261 00:27:09,128 --> 00:27:12,506 It was as if they were showing us what we had done to the earth. 262 00:27:12,589 --> 00:27:17,010 The places that we had not cultivated were the ones that the pigs flocked around. 263 00:27:18,846 --> 00:27:22,683 Suddenly, Charlie had a clear vision. 264 00:27:22,766 --> 00:27:24,560 That's what happened to the earth, 265 00:27:24,643 --> 00:27:28,355 which would show us whether the project would be successful. 266 00:27:28,438 --> 00:27:31,066 Whether life actually returned. 267 00:27:33,026 --> 00:27:36,655 There is a circular ornament outside the main door. 268 00:27:36,822 --> 00:27:39,658 With a stone statue of a dog in the middle. 269 00:27:39,741 --> 00:27:41,743 Of course, we have never plowed there. 270 00:27:41,827 --> 00:27:44,746 They went straight for it. 271 00:27:46,707 --> 00:27:50,127 But pigs digging in the lawn was a bit too much. 272 00:27:50,210 --> 00:27:53,601 Not even Charlie, no matter how much he 273 00:27:53,625 --> 00:27:57,467 wanted to, could let go of the grass circle. 274 00:28:01,263 --> 00:28:04,808 He always has a whip hanging by the umbrellas. 275 00:28:06,018 --> 00:28:09,563 It's hard to get a giant sow to turn around, 276 00:28:09,646 --> 00:28:13,192 when she is determined to turn upside down on the lawn. 277 00:28:27,664 --> 00:28:31,210 You only need to do it a couple of times because they are quite intelligent. 278 00:28:31,293 --> 00:28:34,504 They remember that and tell the piglets not to go there. 279 00:28:35,422 --> 00:28:38,717 "There's free play everywhere, except for the circle there." 280 00:28:46,683 --> 00:28:49,603 I get crazy when they mess up the lawn. 281 00:28:49,770 --> 00:28:50,653 They're fast. 282 00:28:50,677 --> 00:28:53,398 Yes. You have to ride a bike to catch them. 283 00:28:53,482 --> 00:28:56,485 Imagine Indiana Jones on a bike. 284 00:28:59,196 --> 00:29:01,490 Okay, another red one. 285 00:29:05,410 --> 00:29:07,871 Whoops, it flew away. 286 00:29:09,623 --> 00:29:12,209 The strangest things happen sometimes. 287 00:29:12,292 --> 00:29:16,546 There was a dead owl in the freezer next to the ice cream for six months. 288 00:29:16,630 --> 00:29:19,675 There's a lot of junk in it. 289 00:29:21,593 --> 00:29:25,097 I have stored a lot of different things in the freezer. 290 00:29:25,180 --> 00:29:28,100 We tried to create a database. 291 00:29:28,183 --> 00:29:32,646 A beginning of the story and our starting point. 292 00:29:32,729 --> 00:29:34,564 A form of scale. 293 00:29:34,731 --> 00:29:41,196 Early on, we saw no signs of change. 294 00:29:41,280 --> 00:29:44,157 And it was an eye-opener. 295 00:29:44,241 --> 00:29:47,411 What had we been up to? 296 00:29:47,494 --> 00:29:50,789 What were we thinking? 297 00:29:50,872 --> 00:29:54,376 A kind of guilt. 298 00:29:54,459 --> 00:29:59,172 We share that mindset now. 299 00:29:59,256 --> 00:30:05,137 We are responsible for a period of massive destruction. 300 00:30:05,220 --> 00:30:08,348 We'll have to think about it. 301 00:30:08,432 --> 00:30:12,561 And we do. We've started to think about it. 302 00:30:15,105 --> 00:30:19,359 The farmer I married had become an insect collector. 303 00:30:19,443 --> 00:30:24,823 He crawled around and rummaged through cow crates to see what he could find. 304 00:30:24,990 --> 00:30:29,411 It was important, because from nothing I could find in the coke boxes, 305 00:30:29,578 --> 00:30:31,955 when we were farmers, 306 00:30:32,039 --> 00:30:38,170 we began to consider them as a kind of new universe for life. 307 00:30:43,675 --> 00:30:47,095 Even at a very early stage 308 00:30:47,179 --> 00:30:50,891 we began to see life return to what had been farmland. 309 00:30:56,146 --> 00:30:59,149 You can feel the lightness of the earth, 310 00:30:59,232 --> 00:31:03,195 when it starts to recover thanks to all these little creatures. 311 00:31:03,278 --> 00:31:07,157 And the life that returns to the dead earth 312 00:31:07,240 --> 00:31:11,244 after a hundred years of plowing, is amazing to observe. 313 00:31:31,056 --> 00:31:34,851 We did something that was completely without purpose. 314 00:31:34,935 --> 00:31:38,647 We had to rely completely on nature 315 00:31:38,730 --> 00:31:40,816 and see what would happen. 316 00:31:43,944 --> 00:31:50,492 It was a challenge after 200 years of so-called progress in agriculture. 317 00:31:52,494 --> 00:31:57,958 And it required careful communication with our farming neighbors. 318 00:32:04,005 --> 00:32:04,881 Hello there. 319 00:32:04,965 --> 00:32:11,012 Charlie stood up and talked about free-living animals 320 00:32:11,179 --> 00:32:14,099 and the re-creation of the earth. 321 00:32:14,266 --> 00:32:17,519 And he explained that agricultural support had to be changed. 322 00:32:17,602 --> 00:32:19,563 He showed pictures of Knepp 323 00:32:19,646 --> 00:32:25,360 and pictures of what we expected Knepp to look like in ten years. 324 00:32:25,444 --> 00:32:29,322 We had expected a great degree of enthusiasm. 325 00:32:29,406 --> 00:32:31,366 Please come and have a chat with us. Thank you. 326 00:32:31,533 --> 00:32:33,869 But there was deafening silence. 327 00:32:43,211 --> 00:32:45,839 But then some of them spoke up. 328 00:32:45,922 --> 00:32:48,383 - It doesn't put food on the table. - That's the problem. 329 00:32:48,550 --> 00:32:51,470 They said it was a disgrace. 330 00:32:51,636 --> 00:32:53,054 That's pure madness. 331 00:32:53,221 --> 00:32:55,265 That we were irresponsible. 332 00:32:55,432 --> 00:32:58,059 Should we have wild boars running around on the main road? 333 00:32:58,143 --> 00:33:02,189 That there would be weeds growing everywhere, and worst of all, meadow fire. 334 00:33:02,272 --> 00:33:05,817 It will kill cattle and horses. There is no doubt about that. 335 00:33:05,901 --> 00:33:09,196 This kind of thing has to be handled by the individual. 336 00:33:09,279 --> 00:33:15,076 The anger they felt when they saw our fields covered in them. 337 00:33:16,703 --> 00:33:21,166 This journey would not be as easy as we had hoped. 338 00:33:22,626 --> 00:33:26,213 We were trying to raise two young children. 339 00:33:26,296 --> 00:33:28,715 We tried to build a life. 340 00:33:28,882 --> 00:33:33,220 We felt under a lot of pressure. 341 00:33:34,429 --> 00:33:38,892 I've felt like a bit of an outsider for much of my life. 342 00:33:38,975 --> 00:33:44,064 I'm adopted, and so you probably always experience some kind of distance. 343 00:33:44,147 --> 00:33:47,442 And a vague feeling of not being part of the group, 344 00:33:47,526 --> 00:33:53,657 or that one is not born to follow the conventional path. 345 00:33:54,699 --> 00:33:59,120 I think it can help you when you think everything is going wrong. 346 00:34:00,664 --> 00:34:04,459 My dad always said I was looking for the hole in the fence. 347 00:34:04,543 --> 00:34:08,797 In a way, that's what we're doing. We're looking for a way out of a mindset that 348 00:34:08,880 --> 00:34:11,800 which has limited us for so long. 349 00:34:12,467 --> 00:34:17,931 We needed some signs that it wasn't leading to nothing. 350 00:34:18,014 --> 00:34:22,894 We needed to see that something would actually come of it. 351 00:34:46,835 --> 00:34:49,588 It was at that time that we went out at sunrise 352 00:34:49,671 --> 00:34:55,552 and suddenly became completely overwhelmed by birdsong. 353 00:35:15,780 --> 00:35:18,366 It took us back to our childhood. 354 00:35:24,414 --> 00:35:27,584 The nightingale quickly returned, 355 00:35:27,667 --> 00:35:30,503 and they were now more numerous than ever before. 356 00:35:31,921 --> 00:35:35,759 But then something quite amazing happened. 357 00:35:40,180 --> 00:35:42,140 That wonderful coo. 358 00:35:44,434 --> 00:35:47,437 We had never had lovebirds before. 359 00:35:47,520 --> 00:35:52,609 That one of the country's most endangered birds had found us... 360 00:35:54,361 --> 00:35:58,281 This is Chaucer, Shakespeare. The kind we sing about at Christmas. 361 00:35:58,365 --> 00:36:01,910 "My true love gave me." We are losing this species. 362 00:36:01,993 --> 00:36:04,579 They are our second most endangered bird. 363 00:36:06,455 --> 00:36:09,751 Suddenly there is a place in Southern England, 364 00:36:09,834 --> 00:36:13,754 where the number of lovebirds is actually increasing. 365 00:36:13,838 --> 00:36:15,882 This goes completely against the trend. 366 00:36:21,512 --> 00:36:24,098 No one expected that. 367 00:36:25,140 --> 00:36:29,562 Something quite amazing is happening here. 368 00:36:34,901 --> 00:36:41,282 This ugly, thorny, unloved piece of land began to become a sanctuary. 369 00:36:46,371 --> 00:36:49,791 And other rare animals found their way to us. 370 00:36:49,874 --> 00:36:54,045 The small animals that many of us have forgotten. 371 00:36:55,505 --> 00:37:00,051 And I love the idea of โ€‹โ€‹the dwarf mouse. 372 00:37:00,135 --> 00:37:05,306 We had not observed this mammal before the start of the project. 373 00:37:05,390 --> 00:37:09,853 They found us somehow. I enjoy imagining, 374 00:37:09,936 --> 00:37:13,398 that they somehow instinctively seek us out, 375 00:37:13,481 --> 00:37:16,109 now that we have an area for them. 376 00:37:18,153 --> 00:37:23,491 You can imagine them in the hostile terrain out there. 377 00:37:23,575 --> 00:37:28,955 Out on an adventure. In search of a better place. 378 00:38:06,743 --> 00:38:09,913 They come in through viaducts. Under the roads. 379 00:38:24,344 --> 00:38:29,265 And end up in places like here, with perfect opportunities to build nests. 380 00:38:29,349 --> 00:38:32,185 And they build the most beautiful little nests. 381 00:38:32,268 --> 00:38:34,062 Where they balance everything. 382 00:38:34,145 --> 00:38:39,192 They weave them around these long stems, 383 00:38:39,275 --> 00:38:42,529 and then they feed them with thistle seeds. 384 00:38:42,612 --> 00:38:48,409 So it ends up being these incredibly beautiful and luxurious nests. 385 00:38:54,415 --> 00:38:58,795 We are amazed every day by what we find. 386 00:38:58,878 --> 00:39:02,298 What animals are coming to find us? 387 00:39:06,845 --> 00:39:10,056 We never know what little thing will make a difference. 388 00:39:10,223 --> 00:39:15,186 That butterfly effect that can initiate a transformation. 389 00:39:38,877 --> 00:39:44,799 Wherever you look, animals and plants are rediscovering connections, 390 00:39:44,883 --> 00:39:48,720 which has long been lost in the modern landscape. 391 00:39:52,307 --> 00:39:57,353 When a cow leaves a footprint, even the footprint in the ground can 392 00:39:57,437 --> 00:40:00,815 become a whole universe of fantastic creatures. 393 00:40:02,483 --> 00:40:05,987 A place where you can find water lilies and snails. 394 00:40:06,154 --> 00:40:11,034 We even found a small fly that has never been seen before in the UK. 395 00:40:12,869 --> 00:40:17,665 All of these creatures become food for crops, bats, and birds. 396 00:40:17,749 --> 00:40:23,212 Thanks to the cows that wander around the landscape. 397 00:40:46,736 --> 00:40:51,282 Even oak trees have complex relationships. 398 00:40:51,366 --> 00:40:55,453 They need open spaces to grow. 399 00:40:55,536 --> 00:41:00,541 And it is the large ruminants that create these open areas. 400 00:41:01,167 --> 00:41:04,045 With a little help from the forest damage. 401 00:41:15,890 --> 00:41:18,810 This is how oak trees grow in the open. 402 00:41:24,774 --> 00:41:27,485 Their life begins under thorny bushes. 403 00:41:27,652 --> 00:41:32,407 This way, the young tree is protected from gnawing mouths. 404 00:41:33,449 --> 00:41:36,703 Until it is strong enough to fend for itself. 405 00:41:47,213 --> 00:41:51,300 Just as with Oostvaardersplassen, the changes in the landscape took place 406 00:41:51,384 --> 00:41:53,469 through the influence of animals. 407 00:41:56,014 --> 00:41:57,881 In the Netherlands, the project was 408 00:41:57,905 --> 00:42:00,268 eventually regulated due to public concerns. 409 00:42:00,351 --> 00:42:04,230 People believed that natural deaths caused unnecessary suffering. 410 00:42:05,898 --> 00:42:08,735 Here at Knepp we take care of the animals. 411 00:42:11,112 --> 00:42:13,698 But we have our own problems with public opinion. 412 00:42:17,910 --> 00:42:22,832 A letter to Charlie said his grandparents would be turning in their graves, 413 00:42:22,915 --> 00:42:25,001 horrified at what he had done. 414 00:42:25,626 --> 00:42:27,712 That we were unpatriotic. 415 00:42:29,297 --> 00:42:34,469 One woman simply said that what we were doing hurt her feelings. 416 00:42:36,304 --> 00:42:40,641 It was perceived as an insult by those who saw the village 417 00:42:40,725 --> 00:42:47,732 as something controlled, managed and as something with its own ideal of beauty. 418 00:42:47,815 --> 00:42:51,486 And that we turned something beautiful into something very ugly. 419 00:42:56,532 --> 00:43:00,661 It actually came close to breaking us from time to time. 420 00:43:00,745 --> 00:43:03,039 It became personal and hurtful. 421 00:43:03,122 --> 00:43:06,459 And it caused the feeling that you are no longer welcome. 422 00:43:06,542 --> 00:43:10,630 You stand outside society. You feel ostracized. 423 00:43:15,718 --> 00:43:19,514 We were under great pressure and criticism was growing. 424 00:43:19,597 --> 00:43:22,600 Large areas of land are left to nature. 425 00:43:22,683 --> 00:43:25,186 But questions can be asked about this. 426 00:43:25,269 --> 00:43:26,354 TV broadcasts. 427 00:43:26,437 --> 00:43:31,317 Last summer there were reports of fields infected with meadow fire blight. 428 00:43:31,400 --> 00:43:32,944 Angry letters to ministers. 429 00:43:33,027 --> 00:43:35,404 This horrible weed. It makes me nauseous. 430 00:43:35,488 --> 00:43:36,656 Radioindslag. 431 00:43:36,739 --> 00:43:40,118 You can do this because you are so immensely privileged. 432 00:43:43,121 --> 00:43:48,835 We could have thrown in the towel. 433 00:43:48,918 --> 00:43:51,254 But we stood firm. 434 00:43:52,171 --> 00:43:56,759 Because throughout the entire period we saw how life returned. 435 00:44:01,889 --> 00:44:05,434 I've spent my whole life looking at insects, 436 00:44:05,518 --> 00:44:08,146 so I could see that something was up. 437 00:44:18,698 --> 00:44:22,451 The worms that migrated here and moved in the soil... 438 00:44:22,535 --> 00:44:26,080 Something that scientists thought could take a hundred years, 439 00:44:26,164 --> 00:44:28,166 happened in ten years. 440 00:44:30,251 --> 00:44:33,588 Now we have 19 different species of earthworms. 441 00:44:40,136 --> 00:44:42,572 All the material from the surface that is 442 00:44:42,596 --> 00:44:45,349 pulled down into the small holes creates soil. 443 00:44:45,516 --> 00:44:48,019 It is the building block of life. 444 00:45:01,407 --> 00:45:06,120 All the millions of worms that contribute life and organic material 445 00:45:06,204 --> 00:45:08,539 and provides nourishment for all the small insects. 446 00:45:08,623 --> 00:45:11,792 And nourishes Ted's network of mycorrhizal fungi. 447 00:45:12,501 --> 00:45:14,587 That's impressive. 448 00:45:19,217 --> 00:45:21,594 The renewal of the earth. 449 00:45:21,677 --> 00:45:24,430 That's what the transformation of Knepp is all about. 450 00:45:41,989 --> 00:45:44,659 Encouraged by the changes in the earth 451 00:45:44,742 --> 00:45:49,872 Charlie took his obsession with landscape change to a new level. 452 00:45:57,880 --> 00:46:01,050 He would now re-wild the river Adur, 453 00:46:01,133 --> 00:46:06,347 which runs through our land and which had been compressed into a straight channel. 454 00:46:06,430 --> 00:46:11,185 He wanted to restore the beautiful curves, 455 00:46:11,269 --> 00:46:16,315 which can still be seen casting shadows of the past across the plains. 456 00:46:17,984 --> 00:46:22,238 But of course, it required a huge amount of equipment and investment. 457 00:46:22,321 --> 00:46:24,991 Ten years of studies on the environmental impact 458 00:46:25,074 --> 00:46:28,411 in collaboration with the authorities. It was a huge project. 459 00:46:31,622 --> 00:46:34,041 Then Derek Gow appeared. 460 00:46:35,042 --> 00:46:39,588 We showed Derek around, and he rolled his eyes and said: 461 00:46:39,755 --> 00:46:43,217 A couple of beavers would have fixed it for free in six months. 462 00:46:43,384 --> 00:46:45,177 And they would have done a better job. 463 00:46:46,220 --> 00:46:49,432 I clearly remember saying to Charlie, 464 00:46:49,515 --> 00:46:53,311 that beavers have been doing this for hundreds or millions of years. 465 00:46:53,394 --> 00:46:58,774 They are far better at restoring wetlands than we will ever be. 466 00:47:00,026 --> 00:47:05,865 Derek has created a sanctuary for European beavers on his farm in Devon. 467 00:47:06,032 --> 00:47:09,577 He is Britain's leading beaver specialist. 468 00:47:10,619 --> 00:47:13,956 He invited us over so we could meet the beavers, 469 00:47:14,040 --> 00:47:17,376 which he hoped to be able to put out into the open one day. 470 00:47:17,460 --> 00:47:22,423 You can see the water but not many visible branches. 471 00:47:22,590 --> 00:47:24,592 When they build the foundation, 472 00:47:24,675 --> 00:47:29,055 You can clearly see that they are made of branches, wood and stone. 473 00:47:29,805 --> 00:47:33,601 This creature is going to change the landscape. 474 00:47:33,768 --> 00:47:37,521 You can see that the water that the beavers dam up, 475 00:47:37,688 --> 00:47:41,275 cuts off the forest, which opens up in response. 476 00:47:45,821 --> 00:47:52,119 And it all turns into a big, wet, hanging garden. 477 00:47:52,203 --> 00:47:53,913 Full of life. 478 00:47:55,039 --> 00:47:58,250 They make a landscape that is in bad shape better. 479 00:47:59,377 --> 00:48:02,046 These destructive relationships, 480 00:48:02,129 --> 00:48:04,840 where the water flows directly from the fields, 481 00:48:05,007 --> 00:48:07,593 directly down the main canal, down to the city 482 00:48:07,676 --> 00:48:12,723 and "bang". Flooding schools and single-family homes. 483 00:48:12,807 --> 00:48:17,144 Cars are overturning and people are standing and crying into the drain. 484 00:48:17,228 --> 00:48:19,105 It will be over soon. 485 00:48:22,525 --> 00:48:27,696 When Charlie met Derek, we knew that one of the most important things 486 00:48:27,780 --> 00:48:30,616 that we had to bring back here were beavers. 487 00:48:30,699 --> 00:48:32,701 They have been missing for over 400 years. 488 00:48:35,329 --> 00:48:38,124 If we were to release beavers, 489 00:48:38,207 --> 00:48:41,001 We had to get approval from the authorities. 490 00:48:41,168 --> 00:48:43,337 That's totally ridiculous. 491 00:48:44,046 --> 00:48:47,216 A permit to keep two beavers in an enclosure. 492 00:48:48,384 --> 00:48:51,846 An animal that can prevent floods, purify the water, 493 00:48:51,929 --> 00:48:54,765 restore biological diversity. What is the problem? 494 00:48:54,849 --> 00:48:59,186 They're not radioactive. It's not an allosaurus, 495 00:48:59,270 --> 00:49:01,856 which we release into nature. 496 00:49:01,939 --> 00:49:05,067 Who overturns buses in central London. 497 00:49:05,234 --> 00:49:08,696 It's just an animal that does an incredible amount of good. 498 00:49:14,326 --> 00:49:17,333 There were already a number of beavers in 499 00:49:17,357 --> 00:49:20,749 England, but they had been released illegally. 500 00:49:20,833 --> 00:49:24,712 Of the guerrilla within rewilding, you could say. 501 00:49:27,381 --> 00:49:32,887 No matter how sympathetic we found this approach, 502 00:49:32,970 --> 00:49:35,723 It wasn't something we could do. 503 00:49:36,432 --> 00:49:40,811 I'm not going to talk about covert operations. That won't work. 504 00:49:40,895 --> 00:49:43,772 - What is this about? - My mouth is closed. 505 00:49:43,856 --> 00:49:47,818 There are many ways to bring beavers back to an area. 506 00:49:48,777 --> 00:49:51,780 We do it with a license. 507 00:49:54,408 --> 00:49:58,078 We had to wait eight years for the permit. 508 00:50:01,040 --> 00:50:04,835 We may not have beavers at Hammer Pond yet, 509 00:50:04,919 --> 00:50:08,255 But the pigs show us something completely new. 510 00:50:10,758 --> 00:50:13,511 A behavior that we never expected. 511 00:50:17,556 --> 00:50:20,184 They swim, or rather dive. 512 00:50:23,604 --> 00:50:26,690 They can hold their breath. That's quite unique. 513 00:50:26,774 --> 00:50:31,153 I don't think cows can, but pigs can hold their breath underwater. 514 00:50:35,032 --> 00:50:38,285 And they come up with huge pond mussels in their mouths. 515 00:51:05,563 --> 00:51:11,986 With each passing year, we saw how one species could set off a chain reaction, 516 00:51:12,069 --> 00:51:15,447 which we could never have imagined. 517 00:51:24,164 --> 00:51:28,794 Like the seeds of the willow tree, drifting like down through the air in May. 518 00:51:28,877 --> 00:51:34,842 They need to find moist, bare soil. Otherwise they will die. 519 00:51:34,925 --> 00:51:38,637 The pigs create the open areas, 520 00:51:38,721 --> 00:51:40,806 where the willow's seeds can grow. 521 00:51:49,648 --> 00:51:53,694 So now we have a lot of willow trees where the pigs have been messing around. 522 00:51:55,654 --> 00:51:59,742 And willow is food for the larvae of the small Iris butterfly. 523 00:51:59,825 --> 00:52:01,910 One of our most rarely seen butterflies. 524 00:52:02,620 --> 00:52:05,748 There are now hundreds of them around Knepp. 525 00:52:05,831 --> 00:52:09,084 We now have the largest population in the country. 526 00:52:12,046 --> 00:52:17,843 So one of the rarest butterflies thrives here thanks to the pig. 527 00:52:24,642 --> 00:52:27,770 There are so many similar connections, 528 00:52:27,936 --> 00:52:32,566 that extends out and makes the landscape more complex. 529 00:52:34,068 --> 00:52:38,197 And there is also a new complexity in their lives. 530 00:52:44,286 --> 00:52:48,999 You see their personality emerge. A whole spectrum of expressions, 531 00:52:49,083 --> 00:52:51,377 interaction and interest. 532 00:52:51,543 --> 00:52:56,924 And you realize that farm animals are a shadow of themselves 533 00:52:57,007 --> 00:53:00,302 because of the context in which we place them. 534 00:53:03,722 --> 00:53:09,186 It arouses emotions to see the animals express themselves. 535 00:53:20,447 --> 00:53:22,366 I remember a special moment, 536 00:53:22,449 --> 00:53:26,370 where one of the foals led the herd to the boundary around Knepp, 537 00:53:26,453 --> 00:53:29,748 and a beautiful thoroughbred horse looked in 538 00:53:29,832 --> 00:53:32,126 from the human world outside. 539 00:53:50,477 --> 00:53:52,896 It's easy to have a romantic view of it all, 540 00:53:53,063 --> 00:53:58,444 but I couldn't shake the thought that she must have looked on with longing. 541 00:53:58,527 --> 00:54:02,990 Perhaps with a form of the horses' response to jealousy. 542 00:54:08,120 --> 00:54:11,123 It wasn't just the horses who were watching. 543 00:54:11,290 --> 00:54:16,420 It felt like the whole world was watching as a new threat to our credibility arose. 544 00:54:16,503 --> 00:54:18,797 Began to spread across the yard. 545 00:54:22,217 --> 00:54:25,596 We had unleashed a monster from the earth. 546 00:54:25,679 --> 00:54:32,102 A plant that farmers have always feared and fought against. Milk thistle. 547 00:54:34,521 --> 00:54:37,858 Its roots spread like wildfire underground, 548 00:54:37,941 --> 00:54:41,820 when it clones itself and creates huge colonies. 549 00:54:42,821 --> 00:54:45,491 Only powerful pesticides can knock it down. 550 00:54:48,368 --> 00:54:51,038 Even in this country, where it belongs, 551 00:54:51,205 --> 00:54:56,043 There are government regulations to control its spread in the fields. 552 00:54:56,126 --> 00:55:00,964 It was not the new landscape we had expected after so long. 553 00:55:02,257 --> 00:55:05,886 Charlie began to doubt and thought, 554 00:55:05,969 --> 00:55:09,264 Maybe we should just spray them. 555 00:55:10,724 --> 00:55:12,810 Too much was at stake. 556 00:55:23,153 --> 00:55:26,990 We were sure that an official would come. 557 00:55:27,074 --> 00:55:29,034 And close the project down. 558 00:55:43,298 --> 00:55:50,180 Incredibly, and without our knowledge, our rescue is being mobilized in North Africa. 559 00:55:53,725 --> 00:55:57,688 In 2009, for the first time in over ten years, 560 00:55:57,771 --> 00:56:02,776 A huge number of thistle butterflies migrate to Europe. 561 00:56:06,738 --> 00:56:09,700 They arrive with a high pressure 562 00:56:09,783 --> 00:56:13,954 and are moving across the channel in ever-increasing numbers. 563 00:56:14,037 --> 00:56:16,832 On the morning of May 25th 564 00:56:16,999 --> 00:56:20,335 A radar station in New Hampshire detects a migration 565 00:56:20,419 --> 00:56:24,506 with eleven million butterflies heading towards Britain. 566 00:56:42,691 --> 00:56:45,569 I don't know how they found Knepp. 567 00:56:45,736 --> 00:56:51,033 They descended from the sky outside the front door and flew towards the thistles. 568 00:56:51,199 --> 00:56:53,827 Tens of thousands of butterflies. 569 00:56:53,911 --> 00:56:59,166 If you closed your eyes, it sounded like a distant waterfall. 570 00:57:02,127 --> 00:57:05,672 It was amazing. You could feel their presence. 571 00:57:07,549 --> 00:57:09,760 They laid their eggs on the thistles. 572 00:57:10,844 --> 00:57:14,181 The caterpillars began to eat the leaves. 573 00:57:15,390 --> 00:57:18,894 Soon only the stems remained. 574 00:57:18,977 --> 00:57:21,480 They were completely molested. 575 00:57:23,774 --> 00:57:28,612 We were saved for a while. By a cloud of millions of butterflies. 576 00:57:30,572 --> 00:57:35,160 People are still talking about the amazing year 2009. 577 00:57:35,243 --> 00:57:40,791 They didn't come back the next spring. Not a single one of them. 578 00:57:49,383 --> 00:57:54,388 Finally, we got a glimpse of how nature works. 579 00:57:54,471 --> 00:57:59,810 A group of species that connect and cover an English landscape, 580 00:57:59,893 --> 00:58:02,813 which no one has seen in hundreds of years. 581 00:58:09,528 --> 00:58:12,864 It's magical. An unreal landscape. 582 00:58:12,948 --> 00:58:16,910 With tall, thorny, white flowers. 583 00:58:16,994 --> 00:58:20,664 And birds chirping everywhere. 584 00:58:20,747 --> 00:58:23,792 The highest concentration of songbirds in the country. 585 00:58:33,176 --> 00:58:37,973 Paths that open up the shrubbery and intersect like the mushroom network below. 586 00:58:38,807 --> 00:58:44,563 And creates a fantastic, complex, dense and deep vegetation structure, 587 00:58:44,646 --> 00:58:47,190 which is like rocket fuel for wildlife. 588 00:58:51,945 --> 00:58:58,201 The feelings you get, the things that well up inside you, 589 00:58:58,285 --> 00:59:00,078 relegates one to the past. 590 00:59:00,162 --> 00:59:05,292 It feels like you are in a completely different place. 591 00:59:08,462 --> 00:59:12,174 Think about how a small microcosm like Knepp 592 00:59:12,257 --> 00:59:16,011 can create something much greater than the sum of its parts. 593 00:59:17,554 --> 00:59:21,600 The feeling of having accomplished that. 594 00:59:22,476 --> 00:59:24,394 Just by letting go. 595 00:59:36,239 --> 00:59:41,328 The years of watching this happen have also changed us. 596 00:59:47,292 --> 00:59:49,711 It has made us more and more aware 597 00:59:49,795 --> 00:59:53,298 about the loss that occurred continuously. 598 00:59:53,465 --> 00:59:55,258 All around us. 599 00:59:58,762 --> 01:00:02,557 Fourteen million birds have disappeared from the sky. 600 01:00:02,641 --> 01:00:05,727 We have lost 97 percent of our wildflower meadows. 601 01:00:05,894 --> 01:00:09,231 We have plowed up 120,000 km of hedges. 602 01:00:09,314 --> 01:00:12,109 We have lost tens of thousands of old-growth forests. 603 01:00:12,192 --> 01:00:17,989 A quarter of all mammals in the UK are threatened with extinction. 604 01:00:18,073 --> 01:00:22,035 We are one of the most exhausted countries in the world. 605 01:00:29,417 --> 01:00:34,214 Fifteen years after we first heard our lovebirds on Knepp, 606 01:00:34,297 --> 01:00:37,384 I found a dead dove on the ground. 607 01:00:38,552 --> 01:00:44,099 It may have died of old age, stress or during migration. 608 01:00:44,182 --> 01:00:47,227 And it coincided with a scientific report, 609 01:00:47,394 --> 01:00:52,732 which showed that many of these species are doomed to extinction. 610 01:00:52,816 --> 01:00:57,404 Knepp can never stop extinction on his own 611 01:00:57,487 --> 01:00:59,573 of lovebirds in Great Britain. 612 01:01:07,581 --> 01:01:10,625 It underlined how small the project is. 613 01:01:15,255 --> 01:01:18,175 Knepp is a bubble. It's a drop in the ocean. 614 01:01:18,258 --> 01:01:24,973 In relation to the enormous transformation that this planet needs. 615 01:01:33,106 --> 01:01:36,735 The experiment showed us solutions. 616 01:01:36,818 --> 01:01:40,322 How to tie a rewilded landscape together. 617 01:01:42,115 --> 01:01:47,621 But after fifteen years, our message of recovery had not caught on. 618 01:01:48,955 --> 01:01:52,542 It must go beyond these limits. 619 01:01:52,626 --> 01:01:55,503 Beyond Knepp's fortress. 620 01:01:55,587 --> 01:01:58,381 It should reach other people. 621 01:02:02,260 --> 01:02:05,597 But a new animal should profile us in a way, 622 01:02:05,680 --> 01:02:09,559 which no cow or pig could ever have done. 623 01:02:12,229 --> 01:02:16,358 This new chapter at Knepp would in a way 624 01:02:16,441 --> 01:02:19,110 become the most important thing. 625 01:02:19,778 --> 01:02:21,321 Like that, yes. 626 01:02:24,574 --> 01:02:26,284 Head first. 627 01:02:29,788 --> 01:02:30,830 Hello. 628 01:02:32,707 --> 01:02:35,210 Sixteen years after the start of the project 629 01:02:35,293 --> 01:02:38,088 we introduced an animal, 630 01:02:38,171 --> 01:02:41,258 which was not reported breeding in the UK 631 01:02:41,341 --> 01:02:43,343 since 1416. 632 01:02:45,971 --> 01:02:47,764 It feels like magic. 633 01:02:47,847 --> 01:02:51,268 This thing about storks coming with babies in their beaks. 634 01:02:51,351 --> 01:02:55,647 They still symbolize luck, rebirth and a new beginning. 635 01:02:58,275 --> 01:03:02,946 It's so beautiful when the birds take off from the enclosure. 636 01:03:08,660 --> 01:03:15,041 They spread their wings and immediately they hover over you. 637 01:03:15,125 --> 01:03:18,295 And looking down at the new world. 638 01:03:27,470 --> 01:03:29,973 The big question for us: 639 01:03:30,056 --> 01:03:32,976 Can our birds even figure out how to build a nest, 640 01:03:33,059 --> 01:03:36,688 when storks haven't bred here for hundreds of years. 641 01:03:41,067 --> 01:03:43,486 When they collect branches, I think: 642 01:03:43,570 --> 01:03:46,823 My God, do they even know how to build a nest? 643 01:04:10,680 --> 01:04:13,391 Later they begin an even stranger process, 644 01:04:13,475 --> 01:04:17,771 where they try to do it on a seemingly uncomfortable bed of branches. 645 01:04:28,573 --> 01:04:30,658 And as the crowning glory 646 01:04:30,742 --> 01:04:34,704 One morning I heard a noise from the chimney. 647 01:04:38,333 --> 01:04:42,003 I never thought they would be so confident, 648 01:04:42,087 --> 01:04:45,548 that they would dare to build a nest on our roof. 649 01:04:52,806 --> 01:04:57,435 Now we have to wait and see if any chicks hatch. 650 01:04:57,519 --> 01:05:03,691 Which will be the first wild storks to be born in Britain in 600 years. 651 01:05:07,487 --> 01:05:11,533 And after waiting for permission for ten years, 652 01:05:11,616 --> 01:05:14,369 We finally got our beavers. 653 01:05:31,803 --> 01:05:34,556 An animal that has been extinct in Britain, 654 01:05:34,639 --> 01:05:39,310 and which we have eradicated through hunting, had returned to British soil. 655 01:05:39,394 --> 01:05:41,771 And they were there completely legally. 656 01:05:44,274 --> 01:05:45,942 It was so exciting. 657 01:05:57,495 --> 01:06:00,623 Beavers are amazing engineers. 658 01:06:00,707 --> 01:06:06,463 They create complex watercourses that absorb storms and prevent flooding. 659 01:06:06,546 --> 01:06:09,924 It's amazing how an animal's actions 660 01:06:10,008 --> 01:06:14,304 can not only heal the earth but also change people's lives 661 01:06:14,387 --> 01:06:16,431 far away from Knepp. 662 01:06:37,118 --> 01:06:41,664 Incredibly, we now have two stork babies. 663 01:06:41,748 --> 01:06:45,960 And they are ready for their first flight. 664 01:06:50,882 --> 01:06:55,053 Inspired by this amazing story 665 01:06:56,095 --> 01:06:58,181 People are arriving. 666 01:07:09,067 --> 01:07:12,487 It has aroused some public interest. 667 01:07:12,570 --> 01:07:17,158 So people now know what has been lost 668 01:07:17,325 --> 01:07:19,577 in other parts of the country. 669 01:07:22,288 --> 01:07:24,040 I found a butterfly! 670 01:07:42,267 --> 01:07:44,602 A summer evening in June 671 01:07:45,603 --> 01:07:50,608 The first stork chick in Britain in 600 years hatches. 672 01:07:51,484 --> 01:07:54,737 It left its nest. 673 01:07:54,821 --> 01:07:57,115 And flew. 674 01:08:12,922 --> 01:08:18,177 Now I have a big pile of branches on top of the chimney. 675 01:08:18,261 --> 01:08:20,805 An excuse to get Charlie to climb up there. 676 01:08:20,888 --> 01:08:24,559 Are they on all three chimneys or just two? 677 01:08:24,726 --> 01:08:29,188 He doesn't seem to be listening. That's not unusual. 678 01:08:31,941 --> 01:08:34,027 - Charlie. - And? 679 01:08:34,652 --> 01:08:38,072 - What does it look like up there? - There are meadowsweet growing up here. 680 01:08:38,156 --> 01:08:39,949 Oh, no. 681 01:08:40,033 --> 01:08:43,661 It may feel like the end of our story, but of course 682 01:08:43,745 --> 01:08:46,664 Charlie has new ambitions and dreams. 683 01:08:46,831 --> 01:08:50,668 About a future far away from Knepp. 684 01:08:50,752 --> 01:08:52,837 From up here I can see 685 01:08:53,004 --> 01:08:58,092 the path through the Downs to the River Adur. 686 01:08:59,093 --> 01:09:01,888 The cattle, pigs and deer 687 01:09:02,055 --> 01:09:06,017 and the ponies are looking for the water. 688 01:09:09,437 --> 01:09:14,734 Think about how corridors can be shaped like veins in a body. 689 01:09:14,901 --> 01:09:17,403 Throughout the UK. 690 01:09:17,570 --> 01:09:19,864 And change the landscape. 691 01:09:19,947 --> 01:09:23,743 Throughout our country, our world, our planet. 692 01:09:27,080 --> 01:09:31,834 There is something magical about this enormous transformation. 693 01:09:31,918 --> 01:09:36,881 On this exhausted piece of land. Most of the planet is exhausted. 694 01:09:37,965 --> 01:09:41,386 It's amazing to imagine these large herbivores 695 01:09:41,469 --> 01:09:48,309 wander around and recreate the landscape where they emerge. 696 01:10:17,463 --> 01:10:22,009 It's possible that our pigs will reach all the way down to the beach. 697 01:10:22,176 --> 01:10:25,388 Where they root in the seaweed and bring nutrients 698 01:10:25,471 --> 01:10:29,392 from the coastal areas all the way up to the mountains. 699 01:10:36,107 --> 01:10:39,110 It felt lonely for so long. 700 01:10:43,156 --> 01:10:47,869 In one of our darkest moments, a friend sent this film clip of a man... 701 01:10:47,952 --> 01:10:51,914 There's a crazy dance going on. 702 01:10:52,749 --> 01:10:56,294 And everyone sitting around him thinks he's crazy. 703 01:10:58,796 --> 01:11:02,550 But soon other brave people start dancing. 704 01:11:10,516 --> 01:11:12,852 Soon everyone joins him. 705 01:11:20,026 --> 01:11:22,487 And suddenly they have formed a movement. 706 01:11:23,862 --> 01:11:28,242 And the few who are still sitting down suddenly appear strange. 707 01:11:28,326 --> 01:11:29,993 They are not participating. 708 01:11:31,871 --> 01:11:34,081 We are no longer lonely lunatics, 709 01:11:34,247 --> 01:11:38,501 who dance like crazy to attract our attention. 710 01:11:40,797 --> 01:11:45,468 We are part of a large movement of people who understand. 711 01:11:55,018 --> 01:12:00,900 If we want to save the systems on which all life depends, 712 01:12:00,983 --> 01:12:04,862 then we must change our way of looking at the earth. 713 01:12:04,946 --> 01:12:07,614 And Knepp has shown how we can do it. 714 01:12:14,413 --> 01:12:18,292 It shows that we can bring life back to places 715 01:12:18,376 --> 01:12:20,628 where it did not previously exist. 716 01:12:26,341 --> 01:12:31,097 We know how to do it. We know how to let nature back into our lives. 717 01:14:31,133 --> 01:14:34,261 โ™ช 61486

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