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1
00:00:12,613 --> 00:00:15,714
These emperor penguins
are about to undertake.
2
00:00:15,816 --> 00:00:19,301
One of the greatest feats of
endurance on the planet.
3
00:00:35,836 --> 00:00:38,404
A single egg.
4
00:00:40,141 --> 00:00:44,710
It's taken almost all this
mother's energy to create.
5
00:00:49,500 --> 00:00:52,868
Time to entrust it to her mate.
6
00:00:55,639 --> 00:00:59,740
While she leaves to feed at sea.
7
00:01:06,867 --> 00:01:10,702
Now it's up to dad.
8
00:01:14,575 --> 00:01:18,977
He must carry the egg through
the world's worst winter.
9
00:01:27,370 --> 00:01:32,508
Risk his own life to keep the
chick growing inside alive.
10
00:01:38,682 --> 00:01:42,935
Just one of the many
remarkable stories of how.
11
00:01:43,370 --> 00:01:47,272
Life triumphs at the
ends of the earth.
12
00:02:16,837 --> 00:02:19,271
When winter hits
the polar regions,
13
00:02:19,340 --> 00:02:22,107
The temperature
can drop as low as.
14
00:02:22,209 --> 00:02:25,777
Minus 120 degrees fahrenheit.
15
00:02:26,881 --> 00:02:29,448
Almost nothing grows.
16
00:02:29,750 --> 00:02:33,569
Winds build into some of
the strongest on earth.
17
00:02:34,238 --> 00:02:37,706
You've got land and
sea locked in ice.
18
00:02:38,776 --> 00:02:41,210
And weeks of perpetual darkness.
19
00:02:42,913 --> 00:02:46,148
Only a few remarkable
animals have what it takes.
20
00:02:46,250 --> 00:02:50,802
To survive here, and
every day is a struggle.
21
00:02:50,905 --> 00:02:54,406
Against the elements
and each other.
22
00:03:00,181 --> 00:03:03,248
Now the poles are
changing faster than.
23
00:03:03,350 --> 00:03:05,834
Anywhere else on the planet.
24
00:03:13,510 --> 00:03:15,978
And getting through
the coldest days,
25
00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:18,814
That's just the
beginning of the battle.
26
00:03:50,948 --> 00:03:52,648
Late fall.
27
00:03:52,750 --> 00:03:55,667
Polar bears are grounded.
28
00:03:59,440 --> 00:04:02,400
Once the sea has frozen over.
29
00:04:02,142 --> 00:04:05,410
They can head out
and begin hunting.
30
00:04:06,880 --> 00:04:11,800
But since the 1970s
that's taking longer.
31
00:04:18,876 --> 00:04:22,411
Hunger claws for an
extra three weeks.
32
00:04:25,816 --> 00:04:30,402
And this young male must
face other challenges.
33
00:04:35,909 --> 00:04:38,527
An older rival.
34
00:05:25,420 --> 00:05:28,577
The largest of
all land predators.
35
00:05:31,480 --> 00:05:34,800
Male polar bears lead
a life of violence.
36
00:05:35,803 --> 00:05:40,380
But today punches
are being pulled.
37
00:05:46,647 --> 00:05:50,465
Sparring partners
test strength and skill.
38
00:05:55,973 --> 00:05:59,207
Preparing for tougher times.
39
00:06:00,611 --> 00:06:05,470
When the battle for food
and mates will be real.
40
00:06:18,946 --> 00:06:22,614
But first, patience.
41
00:06:25,350 --> 00:06:27,836
Wait for winter.
42
00:06:47,400 --> 00:06:49,608
The magic number.
43
00:06:50,878 --> 00:06:53,912
28.8 fahrenheit.
44
00:06:54,848 --> 00:06:58,200
Sea water begins to freeze.
45
00:07:03,941 --> 00:07:07,209
An ice kingdom is born.
46
00:07:07,945 --> 00:07:11,680
Almost limitless
hunting grounds.
47
00:07:14,435 --> 00:07:18,904
The harshest season is
when polar bears thrive.
48
00:07:25,120 --> 00:07:28,880
The arctic plunges
into 24 hours of night.
49
00:07:39,443 --> 00:07:43,345
Around the poles the planet's
magnetic field puts on an.
50
00:07:43,447 --> 00:07:47,820
Unearthly display.
51
00:07:51,738 --> 00:07:55,774
In the north the
aurora borealis.
52
00:08:02,182 --> 00:08:07,102
And in the south
the aurora australis.
53
00:08:16,513 --> 00:08:20,150
Winter here looks heavenly.
54
00:08:21,235 --> 00:08:25,637
But for these emperor
penguins it's hell on earth.
55
00:08:32,120 --> 00:08:35,146
All of them are male.
56
00:08:35,516 --> 00:08:38,633
And if the eggs they're
carrying are to survive,
57
00:08:38,902 --> 00:08:42,771
All of them must stand strong.
58
00:09:04,711 --> 00:09:09,548
Each one takes their turn in
the full force of the wind.
59
00:09:14,838 --> 00:09:18,707
All the time balancing
their eggs on their toes.
60
00:09:20,944 --> 00:09:23,712
Just beyond the
ices deadly reach.
61
00:09:57,914 --> 00:10:02,767
75 days of
sacrifice finally over.
62
00:10:14,448 --> 00:10:17,315
It was worth it.
63
00:10:22,839 --> 00:10:27,309
Just 6 ounces, he's got
a lot of growing to do.
64
00:10:29,613 --> 00:10:34,566
Soon the ice on which
they stand will all be gone.
65
00:10:47,381 --> 00:10:52,667
This is canada's last land
before the arctic pack ice.
66
00:11:04,815 --> 00:11:08,867
Somehow an eight-strong
pack of arctic wolves.
67
00:11:08,969 --> 00:11:11,786
Survives here.
68
00:11:29,639 --> 00:11:31,706
During the brutal winter.
69
00:11:31,808 --> 00:11:35,243
Finding food is
a daily struggle.
70
00:11:40,550 --> 00:11:45,804
But after almost three months
of darkness a ray of hope.
71
00:12:10,881 --> 00:12:14,820
Arctic hares are one of
the few other creatures.
72
00:12:14,184 --> 00:12:17,168
That survive here.
73
00:12:18,205 --> 00:12:22,307
Gathering in huge
groups offers protection.
74
00:12:25,946 --> 00:12:28,780
And now the sun has returned,
75
00:12:28,882 --> 00:12:32,534
The element of surprise is gone.
76
00:13:12,442 --> 00:13:17,111
A lot of effort for no return.
77
00:13:20,450 --> 00:13:23,601
There are bigger
opportunities here,
78
00:13:23,703 --> 00:13:26,771
But they come
with greater risks.
79
00:13:31,778 --> 00:13:34,212
Musk oxen.
80
00:13:36,820 --> 00:13:39,868
One of the
arctic's true survivors.
81
00:13:56,503 --> 00:13:59,838
In their search for
food the arctic wolf pack.
82
00:13:59,940 --> 00:14:03,408
Can cover 50 miles in a day.
83
00:14:18,775 --> 00:14:21,809
These musk oxen have
spent all winter.
84
00:14:21,912 --> 00:14:25,446
In this frozen waste land.
85
00:14:30,904 --> 00:14:33,838
They're built to survive.
86
00:14:40,280 --> 00:14:44,866
But just one adult
would feed the entire pack.
87
00:14:50,941 --> 00:14:55,310
To witness wolves hunt musk
oxen in winter is so rare.
88
00:14:55,412 --> 00:15:01,165
It's never been captured
on camera, until now.
89
00:15:08,675 --> 00:15:11,976
This herd has a youngster.
90
00:15:19,336 --> 00:15:24,105
But it's protected
behind a united front.
91
00:15:30,313 --> 00:15:32,413
Armed with slashing horns,
92
00:15:32,515 --> 00:15:36,100
Adults weight up to 700 pounds.
93
00:15:54,337 --> 00:15:58,172
The wolves search for
weakness in their defense.
94
00:16:10,403 --> 00:16:13,137
Try to get them on the run.
95
00:16:47,400 --> 00:16:50,410
The mother won't leave her calf,
96
00:16:50,577 --> 00:16:53,440
But her instincts
work against her.
97
00:17:47,801 --> 00:17:52,370
In such a brutal landscape,
one animal's survival often.
98
00:17:52,472 --> 00:17:56,740
Depends on another's fate.
99
00:18:12,475 --> 00:18:15,643
In the south, the
sun's power is increasing.
100
00:18:27,841 --> 00:18:31,809
It's been 12 weeks
since he hatched.
101
00:18:37,383 --> 00:18:42,103
In fewer than four months,
all this will have melted.
102
00:18:44,240 --> 00:18:48,159
By then chicks must
be ready to swim.
103
00:18:53,383 --> 00:18:57,201
His life depends on
how quickly he grows.
104
00:19:05,612 --> 00:19:12,333
In just 150 days his body
weight must increase 70 times.
105
00:19:35,608 --> 00:19:40,111
Strengthening sun
promises easier times.
106
00:19:42,810 --> 00:19:46,801
But down here
promises are easily broken.
107
00:19:58,348 --> 00:20:03,100
Antarctica's freezing winds
have become more ferocious.
108
00:20:06,940 --> 00:20:10,474
A hole in the planet's
ozone layer is disrupting.
109
00:20:10,577 --> 00:20:14,780
The atmosphere,
altering the weather.
110
00:20:21,271 --> 00:20:24,171
Even though dad hasn't
returned from fishing,
111
00:20:24,274 --> 00:20:26,674
The chick now
needs so much food,
112
00:20:26,776 --> 00:20:30,111
Mum must go too.
113
00:20:36,502 --> 00:20:40,304
His instincts are to follow.
114
00:20:48,414 --> 00:20:51,782
But it's a mistake.
115
00:20:52,101 --> 00:20:56,300
He's walking away from safety.
116
00:21:37,814 --> 00:21:41,248
Unless he makes it
back to the colony,
117
00:21:41,367 --> 00:21:43,301
He will die.
118
00:22:03,600 --> 00:22:05,639
In antarctica
a storm has hit the.
119
00:22:05,742 --> 00:22:07,942
Emperor penguin colony.
120
00:22:16,903 --> 00:22:20,371
It's taken a heavy toll.
121
00:22:35,338 --> 00:22:40,674
But most have survived,
keeping each other alive.
122
00:22:51,537 --> 00:22:55,740
Separated chicks must
now find their parents.
123
00:23:00,513 --> 00:23:06,434
Somewhere amongst
17,000 penguins,
124
00:23:09,305 --> 00:23:12,600
Is his father.
125
00:23:24,771 --> 00:23:27,671
His call is unique.
126
00:23:33,120 --> 00:23:36,814
Reunited and safe.
127
00:23:37,683 --> 00:23:41,836
These chicks have learned
an important life lesson.
128
00:23:42,672 --> 00:23:47,174
The colony only
survives by standing together.
129
00:23:58,700 --> 00:24:02,239
Spring races across the arctic.
130
00:24:07,580 --> 00:24:11,182
The change brings
new challenges.
131
00:24:22,211 --> 00:24:25,146
A young female.
132
00:24:33,573 --> 00:24:37,508
She depends on seals for food.
133
00:24:38,770 --> 00:24:42,246
The only prey with enough
calories to sustain her.
134
00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:56,760
As the ice melts, escape
routes are now everywhere.
135
00:24:59,715 --> 00:25:02,800
Her chances plummet.
136
00:25:33,449 --> 00:25:36,700
Bears have an
acute sense of smell.
137
00:25:41,541 --> 00:25:45,442
They can detect seals
from nearly 2 miles.
138
00:25:56,973 --> 00:26:00,107
This one's closer.
139
00:27:24,760 --> 00:27:28,545
News of her kill
carries on the wind.
140
00:27:30,583 --> 00:27:34,802
A huge male, he needs food too,
141
00:27:35,271 --> 00:27:38,539
And he doesn't
care how he gets it.
142
00:28:02,415 --> 00:28:04,982
Just bones.
143
00:28:12,341 --> 00:28:15,576
She's taken her fill.
144
00:28:15,678 --> 00:28:18,780
Now she must leave.
145
00:28:18,180 --> 00:28:22,332
A hungry male polar
bear can turn cannibal.
146
00:28:36,849 --> 00:28:41,602
Summer in the poles has always
been a time of transformation.
147
00:28:56,102 --> 00:28:59,570
But now the arctic is
changing faster than.
148
00:28:59,672 --> 00:29:03,474
At any rate in recorded history.
149
00:29:04,910 --> 00:29:08,579
The climate is warming.
150
00:29:25,800 --> 00:29:29,967
Polar bears face
immediate survival choices.
151
00:29:30,690 --> 00:29:35,239
Head deeper in to the
ice or swim for land.
152
00:29:38,711 --> 00:29:43,847
Either way four
lean months lie ahead.
153
00:29:48,404 --> 00:29:51,972
Climate change at the poles
will bring challenges for.
154
00:29:52,740 --> 00:29:57,244
Many, but for some
it's opportunity.
155
00:30:07,907 --> 00:30:11,475
Over 50 years the average
temperature here has risen.
156
00:30:11,577 --> 00:30:15,412
By around 5 degrees fahrenheit.
157
00:30:19,568 --> 00:30:22,302
Gentoo penguins like
it warmer than their.
158
00:30:22,404 --> 00:30:25,506
Ice loving emperor cousins.
159
00:30:33,415 --> 00:30:37,568
It exposes the bare rock
they need for nesting.
160
00:30:43,750 --> 00:30:46,476
The waters here are so
rich successfully raising.
161
00:30:46,579 --> 00:30:49,813
Two chicks is far more likely.
162
00:30:56,572 --> 00:31:00,207
Who'll feed first is
decided by a chase.
163
00:31:27,269 --> 00:31:30,804
Chicks are at all stages.
164
00:31:32,608 --> 00:31:35,776
The oldest are
ready for the sea.
165
00:31:41,784 --> 00:31:46,436
But they're first taste of the
ocean may also be their last.
166
00:31:58,550 --> 00:32:02,690
A changing climate
around antarctica is helping.
167
00:32:02,171 --> 00:32:05,238
Gentoo penguin populations.
168
00:32:07,343 --> 00:32:12,512
But even in summer conditions
can deteriorate rapidly.
169
00:32:33,502 --> 00:32:37,270
Storms blow brash
ice into shore.
170
00:32:45,514 --> 00:32:49,833
The route back to
the colony is blocked.
171
00:32:55,107 --> 00:32:59,593
Fledglings must negotiate
a maze of floating ice.
172
00:33:06,235 --> 00:33:10,837
It's all too easy
to get left behind.
173
00:33:18,547 --> 00:33:22,990
And that's not the only danger.
174
00:33:33,846 --> 00:33:38,932
Pushing through
brash ice is hard work.
175
00:33:39,668 --> 00:33:43,804
But this is not a
safe place to rest.
176
00:34:19,740 --> 00:34:21,808
Panic drives them on.
177
00:34:35,240 --> 00:34:37,858
A leopard seal.
178
00:34:42,581 --> 00:34:46,900
A 12 foot long penguin predator.
179
00:34:52,107 --> 00:34:55,909
Attention turns
to the straggler.
180
00:35:36,568 --> 00:35:42,380
The more he struggles,
the easier he is to find.
181
00:36:28,637 --> 00:36:32,205
Leopard seals like to
toy with their victims.
182
00:36:47,439 --> 00:36:52,876
With so much prey
about, there's no rush.
183
00:38:05,667 --> 00:38:09,436
A last act of defiance.
184
00:38:16,445 --> 00:38:19,446
The one that got away.
185
00:38:30,242 --> 00:38:34,611
Still, there's plenty of
other penguins to play with.
186
00:38:53,982 --> 00:38:57,467
Summer intensifies.
187
00:38:59,171 --> 00:39:02,972
Ice continues to retreat.
188
00:39:09,748 --> 00:39:13,500
Polar bears are stranded.
189
00:39:16,972 --> 00:39:19,973
Their toughest time.
190
00:39:30,202 --> 00:39:34,237
Surviving on fat
built up last winter.
191
00:39:35,340 --> 00:39:38,641
Reserves are running low.
192
00:39:46,468 --> 00:39:49,736
There's almost nothing to eat.
193
00:39:51,406 --> 00:39:53,322
Almost.
194
00:40:02,901 --> 00:40:06,690
At this time of year
beluga whales arrive.
195
00:40:06,171 --> 00:40:08,905
In canada's shallows.
196
00:40:10,909 --> 00:40:14,310
A sanctuary for newborns.
197
00:40:14,546 --> 00:40:19,566
These waters can be 18 degrees
warmer than the open sea.
198
00:40:30,245 --> 00:40:33,646
This could be his life line.
199
00:40:38,470 --> 00:40:42,172
They're tantalizingly close.
200
00:40:58,740 --> 00:41:02,442
One of the few whales
with flexible necks.
201
00:41:02,978 --> 00:41:06,450
The belugas
easily see him coming.
202
00:41:19,644 --> 00:41:23,146
With each dive, he
wastes precious energy,
203
00:41:25,550 --> 00:41:29,903
And his chances of
surviving summer get slimmer.
204
00:41:40,582 --> 00:41:44,434
On the shores of hudson
bay a hungry polar bear is.
205
00:41:44,536 --> 00:41:48,571
Desperately trying to
hunt beluga whales.
206
00:41:49,574 --> 00:41:53,910
Catching them in open water
has proved almost impossible.
207
00:41:59,267 --> 00:42:02,869
But he can't let this
opportunity slip away.
208
00:42:04,973 --> 00:42:07,974
A change in tactic.
209
00:42:10,445 --> 00:42:14,113
From the rock prey
is easier to spot.
210
00:42:19,638 --> 00:42:23,439
If only they
would come in range.
211
00:42:43,411 --> 00:42:48,948
Built for the cold,
suffering in the sun.
212
00:43:34,312 --> 00:43:37,280
Finally.
213
00:43:39,868 --> 00:43:42,100
A calf.
214
00:43:42,103 --> 00:43:45,338
Not fat like an adult
but perhaps just enough.
215
00:43:45,440 --> 00:43:48,508
To keep starvation at bay.
216
00:43:54,549 --> 00:43:57,834
Hunting beluga whales might
make the difference between.
217
00:43:57,936 --> 00:44:01,337
Life and death for these bears.
218
00:44:02,273 --> 00:44:05,642
But if the ice-free
season gets longer.
219
00:44:05,744 --> 00:44:08,811
Even this may not be enough.
220
00:44:19,274 --> 00:44:22,475
Polar animals have evolved
to survive the coldest,
221
00:44:22,577 --> 00:44:25,511
Harshest conditions on earth.
222
00:44:25,613 --> 00:44:29,150
But now the polar regions
are warming more rapidly.
223
00:44:29,117 --> 00:44:31,801
Than anywhere else.
224
00:44:31,903 --> 00:44:34,837
This means new
opportunities for some,
225
00:44:34,939 --> 00:44:37,340
But for the most cold adapted,
226
00:44:37,442 --> 00:44:40,843
There are seriously
challenging days ahead.
227
00:44:41,246 --> 00:44:45,748
The question is, can they
find new ways to adapt.
228
00:44:45,850 --> 00:44:49,350
To a fast changing world.
229
00:45:07,572 --> 00:45:11,374
The emperor penguin parents
are on the home stretch.
230
00:45:35,617 --> 00:45:38,568
Together they have traveled
thousands of miles.
231
00:45:38,670 --> 00:45:41,304
Keeping their chicks fed.
232
00:45:55,336 --> 00:45:58,938
He hatched out at under a pound,
233
00:45:59,307 --> 00:46:04,210
Now he's over 20, almost
as big as his parents.
234
00:46:12,804 --> 00:46:16,205
Soon they'll stop
returning with food,
235
00:46:16,307 --> 00:46:19,375
Chicks will be
catching their own.
236
00:46:52,977 --> 00:46:57,130
This family have done
everything they can,
237
00:46:57,382 --> 00:47:01,133
In the hope that their
chick will one day return.
238
00:47:02,303 --> 00:47:05,605
And the incredible story
of life at the poles.
239
00:47:05,707 --> 00:47:07,940
Will continue.
240
00:47:18,803 --> 00:47:20,363
Captioned by cotter
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