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(dramatic music)
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NARRATOR:
Here we are in Kennesaw, Georgia,
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A quiet town
in the southeast of the USA,
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roughly 40 kilometres from Atlanta,
with about 30,000 inhabitants.
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For the last 30 years
a very special experiment
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has been taking place here.
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All the inhabitants have
to be armed...by law.
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- All my friends have guns here.
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It's kinda known that Kennesaw
is a gun-toting city...for sure.
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- And I think it just makes it
a safer place.
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I'm not out, flaunting my guns,
or those kinds of thing.
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But I just believe, you know,
that it's a deterrent.
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NARRATOR: So who lives in Kennesaw,
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a town where guns
are carried openly,
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even in bars,
schools or while shopping?
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The Woods family have invited us
to their home.
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Both parents grew up here, and
a year ago had their child here.
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Father, Brian, works in IT,
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and always has his 9mm pistol
by his side.
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- There's an old saying, that "I'd
rather have it and never need it,
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"than need it and not have it."
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That's kind of...
I believe they probably stop
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ore incidents than they start,
you know
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But, yeah, I do feel safer..
We live in dangerous times.
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You hear on the radio there's so
much stuff that happens daily.
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NARRATOR: In this gun-crazed town
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this is a completely normal
way of thinking,
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and we will hear it again
and again.
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Because he wants to protect
his family,
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the 38-year-old has a lot more
than just a pistol.
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What we get to see in his cellar
is a real arms depot.
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There are tons of ammunition
and four assault rifles.
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This is completely legal in
Kennesaw and also very common.
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Brian is a real gun lover
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who passionately cares
for his "babies."
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But he is not the only gun-crazed
person in the family.
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His wife Kim has also been shooting
since she was a child.
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- I keep it in the house with me.
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Usually, if I'm downstairs
in my house, I have it there.
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If I go upstairs,
it goes upstairs with me.
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Um...I'm a stay-at-home mom.
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I have small direct-sales job
on the side.
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But me and my son
are at home all day,
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and a lot of times now on the news
you hear about home invasions,
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stay-at-home moms.
That's a concern of mine.
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NARRATOR: But gun law in Kennesaw
is from 1982.
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At this time the crime rate
and gun control were heated topics.
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Therefore a small town in Illinois
banned gun ownership completely.
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And as a reaction to this
the town council in Kennesaw,
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a very conservative town, decided
to make gun ownership compulsory.
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But there are exceptions.
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If all residents were forced
to own firearms,
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this would be against
the US Constitution.
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Our next stop is a very interesting
shop on the main road.
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It is run by one of the
co-initiators of the gun law...
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..the 80-year-old Dent Myers,
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and he sells - what else? -
all kinds of guns.
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Even incredibly old ones
from the civil war.
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And these souvenirs:
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T-shirts, baseball caps
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that say
"It's the law in Kennesaw".
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- Everybody poo-pooed us.
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They said there would be blood
running on the streets, shoot-outs.
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It was fun and games for a while,
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and then they found out
how it actually affected everybody.
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So, everybody kind of said,
"Well, we can do that."
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NARRATOR: Yes, in this town there is
lots of pride for this unique law.
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- I think that's very cool.
I am all about it.
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I have multiples at my home and I
have one that I keep in my vehicle.
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- So, you have a firearm
in your car right now?
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- I do.
- Will you show it to me?
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- You don't mind showing me?
- No.
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NARRATOR:
Even this is completely legal here.
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It is possible to have a gun on you
at all times.
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MAN: I have a concealed permit.
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- I am allowed to conceal it.
- Yeah.
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Yeah. But if you open it up here...
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- Responsible gun owner.
- Wow.
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- You can see it is unloaded.
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This is serrated.
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It has a wax centre,
so when it enters somebody,
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it's gonna do maximum damage.
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I don't want to have
to shoot twice, basically.
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NARRATOR: Thanks to the law, about
90 % of the residents of Kennesaw
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own a firearm, but does this really
make the town safer?
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What do the police
think about this?
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Officer Kieffer takes us
out with him on patrol.
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- You may want to think twice
before you enter someone's home
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in the city of Kennesaw
to harm that family.
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Because they may own a firearm
and be trained with that weapon.
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If I was a criminal,
common sense would tell me
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that I'm going into a city
where the majority of the people
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own firearms
and train with firearms.
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And if I go into that home there's
a possibility I'm gonna get shot at.
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I may think twice
and go to the next city over.
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NARRATOR:
So, the police, too, believes
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in the deterrent hypothesis.
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But the truth is that in the whole
state of Georgia
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the crime rate has dropped
in the past few years,
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without compulsory gun laws
for citizens.
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Our question
is if the gun legislation
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could not become a problem.
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REPORTER: If you're go on a call
and there's domestic violence,
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do you worry that there might be
guns in the house?
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That's always
in the back of my mind.
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I presume with every call
there to be
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a situation of violence
with a firearm,
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regardless of going to a home
or not.
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Most people that own firearms own
'em for a law-abiding reason.
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NARRATOR:
Just like the Woods family,
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who shouldn't really have to be
concerned about violent crime.
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In this affluent town
there is almost no crime,
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and it’s been like this
since before
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the gun ownership law
was introduced. Statistically,
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it is far more dangerous to keep
weapons in the house with children.
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Just like
the family's one-year-old son.
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- I am not gonna hide it
from my son.
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I will let him know
that these are tools,
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no different from than a hammer
or an axe.
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I wouldn't give him an axe,
it's just as dangerous.
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I'll take him out shooting a gun
like that
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probably when he's five
to six years old,
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somewhere in that age range.
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NARRATOR: Like every week,
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the family is on their way
to the shooting range.
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There are four of these ranges
in the Kennesaw area,
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and even on a Monday evening
it is very busy.
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It is very clear
that in this gun-crazed town
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there are many shooting enthusiasts
like Brian and Kim.
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The shop next door sells about
150 handguns and rifles per week.
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Business is booming,
and the market seems
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not to have been saturated yet.
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One hour of shooting costs $15,
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and you have to bring your own
ammunition and weapons.
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But here, of course, most people
have them at home anyway.
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Brian's son is watching from
outside,
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and he's already gotten
used to the noise.
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Dad's favourite gun to shoot is his
self-built, $3,000 assault rifle.
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(gunshot)
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(gunshot)
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(gunshot)
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NARRATOR: After a few rounds,
it's Mum's turn.
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But, of course, she chooses
to use her own pistol.
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The 32-year-old grew up
in "gun city"
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and has been shooting
since she was a child.
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So it's no surprise;
three shots, three bullseyes.
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(gunshot)
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- Yeah, family time for us
is shooting together.
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My mom, my dad, my sister,
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my brother-in-law,
my sister's kids, you know,
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my son eventually one day,
we'll all shoot as a family
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For us,
that's how we spend quality time.
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NARRATOR: An interesting fact,
the name Kennesaw derives
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from the Cherokee language
and means..."graveyard."
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We are travelling on to
our next mysterious destination,
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which lies in Ethiopia.
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Dazzling colours
and surreal formations,
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the Dallol, a fascinating display
of nature that only happens here,
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a mysterious and dangerous place
in the salt desert of Ethiopia.
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We're meeting Yirga, our guide
for the next couple of days.
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Without a knowledgeable local
and plenty of water,
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shooting in the desert
would be impossible.
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YIRGA: Yes, very good, very good.
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NARRATOR: With 140 litres of water
in the trunk,
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there's hardly any space left
for our equipment.
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Yirga is 33 years old
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and has been guiding tourists
to the salt plains for years.
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This region in the northeast
of Ethiopia is his home.
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We also have two drivers
and a cook with us.
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- You're a good cook.
- Yes.
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NARRATOR: "Complicated"
could be the correct word.
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As part of the preparation, we had
to get lots of different permits
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so that we'd be allowed to shoot
in the desert.
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Our journey to the Gateway
To Hell begins in Mekele
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in northern Ethiopia.
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From here the Dallol
is 174 kilometres away.
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This doesn't sound like much,
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but in Africa this can easily
become an adventurous journey.
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We should reach our first stop,
Berhale, in about two hours.
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With each kilometre behind us
the landscape becomes more barren
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and the temperatures are rising.
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It's no surprise that soon
we bump into some camels
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which are the most important mode
of transport for the locals.
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We've reached the small
town of Berhale
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which is really more of a village,
but it has its own chief of police.
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NARRATOR: The tourists are the most
important source of income here.
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The chief of police seems
to have taken this to heart
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and suddenly wants more money
than previously arranged.
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A policeman has to accompany all
tourists going into the desert.
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But, of course, this service
is not free of charge.
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Here this is a lot of money.
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20 euros is almost
the average monthly wage.
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Then on the right-hand side
we see the Erta Ale
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an active volcano.
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It is very significant
for the desert.
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YIRGA: Try to park.
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NARRATOR: Here we see a nomad
village by the side of the road.
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These people make their money
with tourists, too.
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For the next two days,
this will be our base camp.
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00:12:01,040 --> 00:12:03,320
Simple huts are very typical
for the region
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as everyone sleeps there
or outside under the stars.
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This mysterious place,
with its vivid colours,
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is right in the middle
of the salt desert.,
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1,200 square kilometres of salt.
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But how did this vast plain
come to exist?
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This area lies below sea level
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and is close to the Red Sea,
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which has flooded the region
multiple times
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in the past thousands of years.
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The extreme heat then
evaporated all the water
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and all that was left was the salt.
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And this is where we want to go.
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This part of the region
is called Dallol,
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but the locals call it
the Gateway To Hell.
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Acid splutters from the ground
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and temperatures
of up to 60 degrees are common;
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One of the most extreme places
on Earth,
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dangerous and fascinating.
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On this journey you are sometimes
even faced with obstacles
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that weren't there a few days ago.
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Like this lake, for example.
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- Wow.
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NARRATOR: The ground is so salty
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that even rainwater
turns into salt water.
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The desert is flooded
about every four months,
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and all the tracks
in the ground vanish.
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00:14:20,760 --> 00:14:22,440
This is very dangerous
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as the drivers can then easily
lose their way.
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So we head back to the base camp
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00:14:27,520 --> 00:14:30,440
in the hope that tomorrow
the water will be gone.
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It is the next morning.
In order to avoid
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00:14:35,720 --> 00:14:38,560
the sweltering midday heat
we're heading off early.
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00:14:38,720 --> 00:14:40,960
We have a two-hour drive
ahead of us
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00:14:41,120 --> 00:14:44,760
but only a couple of kilometres
are between us and the Dallol.
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00:14:44,920 --> 00:14:49,360
Even if, after the heavy rainfalls
the water hasn't gone completely,
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00:14:49,520 --> 00:14:51,640
we still want to try our luck.
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At walking pace we start making
our way towards the Dallol.
238
00:14:56,280 --> 00:14:58,760
To be honest, this is
quite an absurd sight.
239
00:14:58,920 --> 00:15:01,800
We are in the middle of the desert
240
00:15:01,960 --> 00:15:05,120
and are driving through clear,
calm water.
241
00:15:08,160 --> 00:15:11,200
Then we can see the first sheets
of salt on the ground.
242
00:15:11,360 --> 00:15:13,720
Some of them
are multiple metres thick,
243
00:15:13,880 --> 00:15:18,240
but in other places they are
so thin that we could fall through.
244
00:15:23,520 --> 00:15:26,480
The salt desert,
a fascinating sight.
245
00:15:26,640 --> 00:15:29,440
Around us, nothing but salt.
246
00:15:34,040 --> 00:15:39,280
But even this area is inhabited...
by nomads -
247
00:15:39,440 --> 00:15:42,040
the Afar.
The salt is their livelihood.
248
00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:44,280
Yirga takes us to meet them.
249
00:15:54,560 --> 00:15:56,480
NARRATOR:
The Nomads have been living
250
00:15:56,640 --> 00:16:00,400
and working in this region
for hundreds of years.
251
00:16:00,560 --> 00:16:03,480
With an axe they break large
blocks out of the ground.
252
00:16:03,640 --> 00:16:07,360
These salt plates are broken down
by the men
253
00:16:07,520 --> 00:16:09,760
and then sold at market
as table salt.
254
00:16:30,520 --> 00:16:32,640
NARRATOR: Because of middlemen
the price rises again.
255
00:16:32,800 --> 00:16:37,680
In the capital Addis Ababa one salt
plate already costs two euros.
256
00:16:37,840 --> 00:16:42,600
For transporting the heavy salt
plates the Afar use their camels.
257
00:16:42,760 --> 00:16:44,880
How hard is the work
at around 40 degrees?
258
00:16:56,000 --> 00:16:59,080
NARRATOR: With primitive tools
the Afar manage to shape
259
00:16:59,240 --> 00:17:03,320
almost every salt block
to the exact desired shape.
260
00:17:05,040 --> 00:17:06,840
- Good? No good?
261
00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:09,600
- Good? No good?
- Good, good, good.
262
00:17:18,560 --> 00:17:21,320
NARRATOR: Backbreaking work,
but the Afar do this daily...
263
00:17:21,480 --> 00:17:23,600
in the desert...
264
00:17:23,760 --> 00:17:29,240
..at up to over 40 degrees, in the
glaring sun, with no shade at all.
265
00:17:30,480 --> 00:17:33,760
For us our journey continues
on the crusty salt plains
266
00:17:33,920 --> 00:17:36,320
that are sometimes
as sharp as razors.
267
00:17:36,480 --> 00:17:38,400
This is quite a hazard
for the tyres.
268
00:17:50,480 --> 00:17:51,920
NARRATOR: The hard sharp salt
269
00:17:52,080 --> 00:17:54,800
has cut the tyre
of our support vehicle,
270
00:17:54,960 --> 00:17:57,760
so the soldiers quickly
become the car mechanics.
271
00:17:57,920 --> 00:18:00,960
Here in the desert it is often
necessary to improvise.
272
00:18:01,120 --> 00:18:05,560
But we don't want to lose any time
and carry on with just one car.
273
00:18:05,720 --> 00:18:09,560
The security has to come with us,
so they have to sit on the roof.
274
00:18:11,520 --> 00:18:15,160
After just a few metres,
the next surprise.
275
00:18:15,320 --> 00:18:18,600
Yirga shows us one
of the lowest points in Africa.
276
00:18:18,760 --> 00:18:21,480
This basin is 160 metres
below sea level,
277
00:18:21,640 --> 00:18:26,360
and volcanic activity in the area
makes this liquid,
278
00:18:26,520 --> 00:18:30,720
consisting of salt water,
sulphur and potassium carbonate.
279
00:18:42,640 --> 00:18:48,040
We now have a 45-minute walk
ahead of us...all uphill.
280
00:18:48,200 --> 00:18:52,200
And the temperature has
now reached 44 degrees.
281
00:18:54,120 --> 00:18:56,040
- Let's go.
282
00:18:57,240 --> 00:19:00,160
NARRATOR: Loaded up with water
bottles and the camera equipment
283
00:19:00,320 --> 00:19:02,240
we begin our ascent.
284
00:19:02,400 --> 00:19:04,080
Behind this hill we are supposed
285
00:19:04,240 --> 00:19:07,200
to finally find the Dallol
and its vivid colours.
286
00:19:07,360 --> 00:19:10,080
Past surreal salt formations,
287
00:19:10,240 --> 00:19:13,080
we make our way
in this dangerous terrain.
288
00:19:14,160 --> 00:19:16,200
One of the first signs.
289
00:19:16,360 --> 00:19:19,440
A bubbling spring between
two broken salt plates.
290
00:19:19,600 --> 00:19:22,760
The cavernous ground
is treacherous.
291
00:19:22,920 --> 00:19:25,120
But it was all worth its while.
292
00:19:25,280 --> 00:19:27,680
We have arrived at our destination.
293
00:19:30,800 --> 00:19:33,240
In the basin the heat builds up.
294
00:19:33,400 --> 00:19:36,400
The smell of sulphur lies
in the air.
295
00:19:36,560 --> 00:19:40,000
A sea of colour
that only exists here.
296
00:19:40,160 --> 00:19:43,320
An absolutely unique place.
297
00:19:55,720 --> 00:19:58,240
And this is how
this phenomenon occurs.
298
00:19:58,400 --> 00:20:02,320
This region has been flooded
by the Red Sea over and over again.
299
00:20:02,480 --> 00:20:04,520
Underneath the surface of the Earth
300
00:20:04,680 --> 00:20:07,680
the ground water
comes in contact with hot magma
301
00:20:07,840 --> 00:20:10,320
and is pushed upwards
out of the ground.
302
00:20:10,480 --> 00:20:15,520
At the surface the water evaporates
and only leaves the salt behind.
303
00:20:15,680 --> 00:20:18,520
While the water is transported
upwards through the Earth,
304
00:20:18,680 --> 00:20:20,880
it washes minerals
out of the volcanic stone,
305
00:20:22,040 --> 00:20:27,160
and this is the reason for the
vivid colours and the acrid acids.
306
00:20:57,000 --> 00:20:59,520
NARRATOR: So that's definitely
not a good idea, then.
307
00:20:59,680 --> 00:21:02,920
Nevertheless,
this place is still fascinating.
308
00:21:03,080 --> 00:21:06,240
Scientists once tried to determine
the acidity levels,
309
00:21:06,400 --> 00:21:10,160
but the measuring devices couldn't
display the figures anymore.
310
00:21:10,320 --> 00:21:12,400
Despite this,
some companies still tried
311
00:21:12,560 --> 00:21:15,720
to commercially extract minerals
from the ground here.
312
00:21:15,880 --> 00:21:18,280
In the distance
we can see derelict houses
313
00:21:18,440 --> 00:21:22,800
and steel constructions that
are witnesses to their failure.
314
00:21:22,960 --> 00:21:28,000
In the 1960s multiple firms wanted
to mine for potassium carbonate,
315
00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:30,520
which is a main component
in fertilisers,
316
00:21:30,680 --> 00:21:34,520
but the surrounding conditions were
too harsh and they gave up again.
317
00:21:34,680 --> 00:21:38,200
This is also the place where the
official heat record was measured
318
00:21:38,360 --> 00:21:41,440
that hasn't been beaten
to this day.
319
00:21:41,600 --> 00:21:45,200
It lies at a consistent temperature
of 43 degrees Celsius
320
00:21:45,360 --> 00:21:48,840
during the day
and during the night.
321
00:21:50,280 --> 00:21:52,600
We, too, are leaving the Dallol,
322
00:21:52,760 --> 00:21:56,440
one of the most extreme
and mysterious places on Earth.
323
00:21:57,960 --> 00:22:01,160
From Ethiopia
we are travelling on to Myanmar.
324
00:22:03,480 --> 00:22:05,920
This mysterious place is probably
325
00:22:06,080 --> 00:22:08,840
the most unusual oil field
in the world.
326
00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:11,080
And it is extremely dangerous.
327
00:22:18,240 --> 00:22:20,240
(speaks own language)
328
00:22:27,600 --> 00:22:31,040
NARRATOR: And all this
just for a few drops of crude oil.
329
00:22:39,280 --> 00:22:42,640
Today is Mya Gyi’s big day.
330
00:23:01,520 --> 00:23:04,520
NARRATOR: This is the Minhla
region in central Myanmar.
331
00:23:04,680 --> 00:23:05,760
It is a poor region
332
00:23:05,920 --> 00:23:08,160
where agriculture
is the main source of income.
333
00:23:08,320 --> 00:23:13,000
But a few soldiers of fortune
are on the hunt for the big bucks
334
00:23:13,160 --> 00:23:15,280
and are searching for oil.
335
00:23:21,080 --> 00:23:22,800
It is backbreaking work
336
00:23:22,960 --> 00:23:25,000
for the almost 10,000 oil hunters
337
00:23:25,160 --> 00:23:28,400
that haul one of the most important
commodities out of the ground,
338
00:23:28,560 --> 00:23:30,840
almost purely by hand.
339
00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:34,760
Mya Gyi only lives a few hundred
feet away from the oil field
340
00:23:34,920 --> 00:23:37,800
in his little hut that he shares
with eight other workers.
341
00:23:37,960 --> 00:23:41,320
A year ago he moved here in order
to follow his dream
342
00:23:41,480 --> 00:23:46,240
of becoming an oil hunter, and
today his dream could come true.
343
00:23:46,400 --> 00:23:48,400
(speaks own language)
344
00:23:58,360 --> 00:24:01,720
NARRATOR: Mya Gyi himself has worked
his way up from a simple worker
345
00:24:01,880 --> 00:24:04,280
to an independent oil hunter,
346
00:24:04,440 --> 00:24:06,880
and now has eight employees.
347
00:24:07,040 --> 00:24:09,680
Together with them he lives,
sleeps and eats here.
348
00:24:09,840 --> 00:24:13,960
To date Mya Gyi hasn't made
the big oil find yet,
349
00:24:14,120 --> 00:24:16,320
but this could change soon.
350
00:24:28,160 --> 00:24:29,920
NARRATOR:
Today is the day he finds out
351
00:24:30,080 --> 00:24:33,160
if his latest drilling endeavour
was successful.
352
00:24:33,320 --> 00:24:37,080
While his employees are already
going over to the drilling tower,
353
00:24:37,240 --> 00:24:39,920
Mya Gyi has to go
to his old oil well.
354
00:24:40,080 --> 00:24:42,160
But it isn't a very lucrative one.
355
00:24:42,320 --> 00:24:46,800
He can only collect oil once a day
after it has gathered over night.
356
00:25:08,560 --> 00:25:11,920
NARRATOR: A simple but ingenious
method to collect oil.
357
00:25:12,080 --> 00:25:15,840
Mya Gyi's most important tool -
a motor that operates the winch.
358
00:25:18,960 --> 00:25:20,960
(motor sputters into life)
359
00:25:24,120 --> 00:25:27,800
NARRATOR: The special thing about
the region surrounding Minhla
360
00:25:27,960 --> 00:25:31,160
is that while crude oil reservoirs
are usually hundreds of metres
361
00:25:31,320 --> 00:25:32,880
beneath the ground,
362
00:25:33,040 --> 00:25:38,040
here the black gold lies just
150 metres beneath the surface.
363
00:25:38,200 --> 00:25:41,320
Down there Mya Gyi's plastic pipe
fills up with ground water
364
00:25:41,480 --> 00:25:43,120
and crude oil.
365
00:25:43,280 --> 00:25:46,160
He then separates it
by hand at the surface.
366
00:25:46,320 --> 00:25:49,400
This method of oil production
carries quite a risk,
367
00:25:49,560 --> 00:25:53,760
as crude oil contains carcinogenic
substances such as benzene.
368
00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:57,600
(speaks own language)
369
00:26:04,800 --> 00:26:07,280
NARRATOR: Every drop is valuable
and worth money.
370
00:26:07,440 --> 00:26:10,840
While Mya Gyi is collecting his oil
pipe by pipe,
371
00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:15,640
100 metres away his workers are
drilling a new well for their boss.
372
00:26:24,120 --> 00:26:29,200
For Mya Gyi a new well carries
substantial financial risk.
373
00:26:29,360 --> 00:26:33,200
He had to pay $600
to the private land owner in order
374
00:26:33,360 --> 00:26:35,280
to be allowed to drill
in this area,
375
00:26:35,440 --> 00:26:39,440
and his employees cost him
another $350.
376
00:26:39,600 --> 00:26:42,080
He has spent all this money
without even knowing
377
00:26:42,240 --> 00:26:45,400
if there will be any oil
in the ground.
378
00:26:47,360 --> 00:26:51,240
In his head Mya Gyi has almost
reached his goal,
379
00:26:51,400 --> 00:26:55,640
because all around the drill hole
a layer of oil has begun to form.
380
00:26:55,800 --> 00:26:58,880
Environmental protection
is not a big concern here.
381
00:26:59,040 --> 00:27:02,440
A few times a day private
oil traders come to the field
382
00:27:02,600 --> 00:27:04,720
to collect the full barrels.
383
00:27:11,240 --> 00:27:15,120
After three days of drilling,
it is finally time.
384
00:27:15,280 --> 00:27:19,280
The well is finished, but every
drill is luck of the draw.
385
00:27:19,440 --> 00:27:23,920
In total,
Mya Gyi has already lost $6,000
386
00:27:24,080 --> 00:27:25,640
through unsuccessful projects.
387
00:27:25,800 --> 00:27:30,280
But he has made the same amount of
money through productive oil wells.
388
00:27:32,440 --> 00:27:35,560
On the basis of the soil
that is stuck to the drill head,
389
00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:39,440
Mya Gyi collects clues as
to whether he has struck oil.
390
00:27:48,320 --> 00:27:50,320
(speaks own language)
391
00:27:59,120 --> 00:28:00,760
NARRATOR: Mya Gyi is thrilled.
392
00:28:00,920 --> 00:28:02,680
If he strikes oil today,
393
00:28:02,840 --> 00:28:05,440
he won't have any
financial problems for a while.
394
00:28:05,600 --> 00:28:08,480
Through the holes in the conveyor
pipe the oil and ground water
395
00:28:08,640 --> 00:28:10,960
will later flow into the well.
396
00:28:11,120 --> 00:28:14,080
Despite all the risks,
a job in the oilfields
397
00:28:14,240 --> 00:28:16,200
is by far the best-paid job
in the region,
398
00:28:16,360 --> 00:28:18,520
and well owners like Mya Gyi
399
00:28:18,680 --> 00:28:21,920
can technically make
hundreds of dollars every day.
400
00:28:22,080 --> 00:28:25,280
In comparison to that, the average
income per capita in Myanmar
401
00:28:25,440 --> 00:28:28,080
is about $900 per year.
402
00:28:28,240 --> 00:28:31,720
Mya Gyi does not only have a lot of
responsibility towards his family,
403
00:28:31,880 --> 00:28:34,360
but also to his workers.
If a new well fails,
404
00:28:34,520 --> 00:28:37,040
he cannot immediately
employ them again
405
00:28:37,200 --> 00:28:39,280
because he doesn't have
the money to do so.
406
00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:41,640
This is the reason
for the high hopes
407
00:28:41,800 --> 00:28:44,440
that everybody puts into each well.
408
00:28:59,520 --> 00:29:02,600
More and more ground water
is spouting from the hole,
409
00:29:02,760 --> 00:29:05,000
but no sign of any oil yet.
410
00:29:08,560 --> 00:29:11,920
Hours pass, and still...
411
00:29:17,520 --> 00:29:19,280
...just water.
412
00:29:22,680 --> 00:29:24,680
(speaks own language)
413
00:29:32,560 --> 00:29:34,880
NARRATOR: Mya Gyi tries
to keep his spirits up.
414
00:29:35,040 --> 00:29:38,400
But his team are suspecting
that this is a bad sign.
415
00:29:38,560 --> 00:29:41,560
The oil is so impure that he
won't be able to separate it
416
00:29:41,720 --> 00:29:43,480
from the water and mud.
417
00:29:43,640 --> 00:29:47,400
From his experience Mya Gyi knows
that he hasn't struck oil,
418
00:29:47,560 --> 00:29:50,600
if, even after hours of work,
he can't extract
419
00:29:50,760 --> 00:29:52,680
any pure oil from the ground.
420
00:30:11,200 --> 00:30:13,200
NARRATOR: Mya Gyi makes
the only valid decision
421
00:30:13,360 --> 00:30:16,640
for himself and his team;
he closes the hole.
422
00:30:16,800 --> 00:30:19,800
Now he only has to deliver the news
to the workers.
423
00:30:19,960 --> 00:30:23,880
They haven't found any oil, and the
past day’s work was for nothing.
424
00:30:24,040 --> 00:30:25,760
Although, of course,
they are getting paid
425
00:30:25,920 --> 00:30:28,080
the employees
are extremely disappointed.
426
00:30:49,560 --> 00:30:51,680
NARRATOR:
And so the search continues
427
00:30:51,840 --> 00:30:55,080
in the mysterious oil fields
of Myanmar.
428
00:31:00,440 --> 00:31:04,520
Fukushima. In 2011, a reactor
accident occurred here
429
00:31:04,680 --> 00:31:06,640
in the local power plant.
430
00:31:06,800 --> 00:31:09,840
A nuclear catastrophe
with serious consequences.
431
00:31:10,000 --> 00:31:12,800
For most it is still a mystery
as to how life
432
00:31:12,960 --> 00:31:16,080
continues here after the disaster.
433
00:31:16,240 --> 00:31:19,440
- This park is decontaminated
It's officially clean.
434
00:31:19,600 --> 00:31:21,120
(dog barks)
435
00:31:21,280 --> 00:31:23,000
NARRATOR: Abandoned pets...
436
00:31:24,800 --> 00:31:27,920
..fear of radioactively
contaminated food...
437
00:31:29,080 --> 00:31:33,400
..and concern about the long-term
effects of the catastrophe.
438
00:31:34,800 --> 00:31:40,520
- We have to continue examining
the radioactive contamination.
439
00:31:40,680 --> 00:31:42,680
- WOMAN: Why?
- Why?
440
00:31:42,840 --> 00:31:48,000
Because food...some food
was still contaminated.
441
00:31:49,360 --> 00:31:52,600
NARRATOR: A life in cramped
emergency shelters.
442
00:31:54,640 --> 00:31:56,640
(speaks Japanese)
443
00:32:07,520 --> 00:32:10,240
NARRATOR: Since the tragedy of
Chernobyl, we know that the effect
444
00:32:10,400 --> 00:32:13,080
on the residents where such
a catastrophe has occurred
445
00:32:13,240 --> 00:32:15,240
lasts for many years.
446
00:32:16,640 --> 00:32:20,760
Here in Tokyo everything seems
as if nothing had happened,
447
00:32:20,920 --> 00:32:24,040
but what is the situation
outside of the capital?
448
00:32:25,200 --> 00:32:28,600
The city Koriyama lies
in the prefecture of Fukushima,
449
00:32:28,760 --> 00:32:31,320
and is about 60 kilometres
away from the reactor
450
00:32:31,480 --> 00:32:33,320
where the accident occurred.
451
00:32:33,480 --> 00:32:37,520
The contamination was especially
severe there in 2011.
452
00:32:37,680 --> 00:32:39,680
Once we have arrived in Koriyama,
453
00:32:39,840 --> 00:32:42,000
we notice measuring devices
in multiple places.
454
00:32:42,160 --> 00:32:45,960
These machines measure
the radioactivity in the area,
455
00:32:46,120 --> 00:32:48,400
and at the moment
they are giving the all clear.
456
00:32:48,560 --> 00:32:50,760
All the readings
are within the norm.
457
00:32:50,920 --> 00:32:53,720
But how is this possible
after what happened?
458
00:32:56,000 --> 00:32:58,640
Radiation expert Joe Moross
is sceptical
459
00:32:58,800 --> 00:33:00,800
about these measuring instruments.
460
00:33:00,960 --> 00:33:03,480
He has asked us to meet him
in this public park,
461
00:33:03,640 --> 00:33:06,120
so that he can show us
these benches.
462
00:33:06,280 --> 00:33:07,720
(Geiger counter clicks)
463
00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:10,480
NARRATOR:
According to Joe's Geiger counter,
464
00:33:10,640 --> 00:33:13,040
they are heavily contaminated.
465
00:33:13,200 --> 00:33:15,000
The measuring results skyrocket.
466
00:33:17,080 --> 00:33:19,120
- The company that was
meant to decontaminate the park
467
00:33:19,280 --> 00:33:22,680
was hired to the stones and the
sidewalks, but not the benches.
468
00:33:22,840 --> 00:33:25,520
The benches are controlled
by a different city department,
469
00:33:25,680 --> 00:33:28,440
and they would have to hire a crew
to clean the wood or change it.
470
00:33:28,600 --> 00:33:31,280
NARRATOR: Joe Moross knows
exactly what he is talking about.
471
00:33:31,440 --> 00:33:34,920
The engineer has been living
and working in Japan for 25 years
472
00:33:35,080 --> 00:33:38,200
and is an expert in the field
of radiation measurement.
473
00:33:38,360 --> 00:33:40,520
But why are
the official Geiger counters
474
00:33:40,680 --> 00:33:43,400
showing normal levels of radiation?
475
00:33:43,560 --> 00:33:46,000
- They are pretty accurate and when
we put our sensor next to them,
476
00:33:46,160 --> 00:33:48,680
the readings agree,
but if you nearby,
477
00:33:48,840 --> 00:33:50,520
you find sometimes
a different reading
478
00:33:50,680 --> 00:33:54,200
because the places they put these
are where they have cleaned up.
479
00:33:54,360 --> 00:33:56,000
(Geiger counter clicks)
480
00:33:56,160 --> 00:33:59,480
NARRATOR: It is not life threatening
to sit on these benches once.
481
00:33:59,640 --> 00:34:03,400
Therefore it is possible for Joe
to work with just his bare hands,
482
00:34:03,560 --> 00:34:06,160
but if one was exposed
to this level of radiation
483
00:34:06,320 --> 00:34:07,920
for a prolonged period of time,
484
00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:10,760
it would have a serious effect
on your health.
485
00:34:10,920 --> 00:34:14,280
The engineer doesn't trust the
official bodies in Japan anymore,
486
00:34:14,440 --> 00:34:17,800
so he and his team have developed
an affordable Geiger counter
487
00:34:17,960 --> 00:34:19,600
for private use.
488
00:34:19,760 --> 00:34:21,440
The idea behind this is for people
489
00:34:21,600 --> 00:34:25,760
to measure the radiation in their
homes or to attach it to their cars
490
00:34:25,920 --> 00:34:28,560
and collect data
while running their daily errands.
491
00:34:28,720 --> 00:34:31,760
The collected data is then
uploaded, and by doing this,
492
00:34:31,920 --> 00:34:34,120
a contamination map is created,
493
00:34:34,280 --> 00:34:37,400
which is independent
from the official data provided
494
00:34:37,560 --> 00:34:39,720
and much more accurate, too.
495
00:34:41,000 --> 00:34:43,600
- The government put out information
for Tokyo and Fukushima
496
00:34:43,760 --> 00:34:47,080
but I live in Chiba, and there was
no information for my city,
497
00:34:47,240 --> 00:34:48,840
so I started measuring myself.
498
00:34:49,000 --> 00:34:50,880
And then we found out that
everybody wanted to know
499
00:34:51,040 --> 00:34:53,840
not what the reading was nearby
or in their city,
500
00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:56,280
they wanted to know what
the reading was at their house
501
00:34:56,440 --> 00:34:58,120
or in their street
where they're walking.
502
00:34:58,280 --> 00:35:02,800
NARRATOR: Joe Moross takes us
to the ghost town of Minamisoma,
503
00:35:02,960 --> 00:35:06,520
which is located about
20 kilometres from the reactor.
504
00:35:07,960 --> 00:35:10,560
We arrive in the ghost town.
505
00:35:10,720 --> 00:35:14,800
Up until November 2013,
this was a locked-off, no-go zone.
506
00:35:14,960 --> 00:35:18,440
But now the radioactivity levels
have sunk to a level
507
00:35:18,600 --> 00:35:22,040
that makes it possible to spend
a couple of hours here.
508
00:35:22,200 --> 00:35:26,760
Everywhere it is possible to see
how rapidly
509
00:35:26,920 --> 00:35:28,360
the people had to escape.
510
00:35:28,520 --> 00:35:30,760
They had to leave all their
belongings behind,
511
00:35:30,920 --> 00:35:34,280
and have, to this day, for fear of
radioactive contamination,
512
00:35:34,440 --> 00:35:36,160
not retrieved them.
513
00:35:36,320 --> 00:35:39,840
This restaurant was additionally
destroyed by the earthquake.
514
00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:42,840
The fridge is still full
of food supplies.
515
00:35:50,920 --> 00:35:53,520
In this pre-school we find
a calendar
516
00:35:53,680 --> 00:35:56,240
from the day that time stood still.
517
00:35:56,400 --> 00:35:59,680
It was 11th March, 2011.
518
00:36:07,960 --> 00:36:10,680
It is no surprise that the people
in Fukushima,
519
00:36:10,840 --> 00:36:13,920
even outside the evacuation zone,
are worried,
520
00:36:14,080 --> 00:36:16,480
especially for the wellbeing
of their children.
521
00:36:17,920 --> 00:36:19,720
There are too many
opposing opinions
522
00:36:19,880 --> 00:36:22,040
about the effects
of the reactor accident.
523
00:36:22,200 --> 00:36:24,240
In this hospital
children from the region
524
00:36:24,400 --> 00:36:27,720
are regularly checked for
radioactive contamination for free
525
00:36:27,880 --> 00:36:29,840
and, if need be, also treated.
526
00:36:30,000 --> 00:36:31,840
One of these children is Toshiya
527
00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:34,040
who has come to the hospital
with his pre-school teacher.
528
00:36:34,200 --> 00:36:37,160
The nurse measures
the radioactivity on the skin
529
00:36:37,320 --> 00:36:39,440
and on the hair
with a special Geiger counter.
530
00:36:39,600 --> 00:36:42,920
But she finds no increased
levels of radioactivity.
531
00:36:43,080 --> 00:36:45,640
This means that Toshiya
has not been in contact
532
00:36:45,800 --> 00:36:47,760
with contaminated materials.
533
00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:50,720
But the risk of this happening
is ever present.
534
00:36:50,880 --> 00:36:52,760
But there
is another hazard lurking:
535
00:36:52,920 --> 00:36:57,880
severe cell damage by consuming
radioactively contaminated food.
536
00:36:58,040 --> 00:37:00,920
And this is why the little boy
has to spend four minutes
537
00:37:01,080 --> 00:37:02,920
in this so-called baby scan,
538
00:37:03,080 --> 00:37:05,120
which was especially designed
for testing children.
539
00:37:05,280 --> 00:37:07,040
So that it is easier to lie still,
540
00:37:07,200 --> 00:37:09,520
Toshiya is allowed
to play on the computer.
541
00:37:09,680 --> 00:37:12,000
And it seems to be working.
The high-tech machine performs
542
00:37:12,160 --> 00:37:14,920
a so-called gamma spectroscopy.
Luckily,
543
00:37:15,080 --> 00:37:16,720
the results are normal.
544
00:37:22,040 --> 00:37:26,240
- We have performed over
50,000 examinations,
545
00:37:26,400 --> 00:37:31,160
and maybe er...
one third are children.
546
00:37:31,320 --> 00:37:33,360
Half a year after the disaster,
547
00:37:33,520 --> 00:37:35,840
when we started
looking at the issues,
548
00:37:36,000 --> 00:37:41,280
we found that people in this area
were exposed to radiation.
549
00:37:41,440 --> 00:37:44,480
The detection rate
of radioactive materials
550
00:37:44,640 --> 00:37:46,320
showed a clear decline.
551
00:37:46,480 --> 00:37:52,000
But we have to continue to
examine the level of contamination.
552
00:37:52,160 --> 00:37:54,240
WOMAN: Why?
- Why?
553
00:37:54,400 --> 00:37:59,680
Because the food...some food
was still contaminated.
554
00:37:59,840 --> 00:38:03,080
NARRATOR: Radioactivity in food
is a daunting topic.
555
00:38:03,240 --> 00:38:05,360
How dangerous is the food here?
556
00:38:05,520 --> 00:38:08,640
The production and sales ban
on food from Fukushima
557
00:38:08,800 --> 00:38:10,520
has been loosened now,
558
00:38:10,680 --> 00:38:14,480
but the information for the public
is, as always, contradictory.
559
00:38:14,640 --> 00:38:16,760
We buy some products
from the region
560
00:38:16,920 --> 00:38:18,520
and hand them in to a laboratory.
561
00:38:18,680 --> 00:38:20,680
Here,
the public can hand in their food
562
00:38:20,840 --> 00:38:23,560
and get it tested free of charge.
563
00:38:31,480 --> 00:38:34,680
With this special device,
the Atomtex,
564
00:38:34,840 --> 00:38:37,920
the amount of radiation in the food
is determined.
565
00:38:38,080 --> 00:38:40,560
For the test we have to cut up
some of the products.
566
00:38:40,720 --> 00:38:43,960
A standard examination just from
the outside with a Geiger counter
567
00:38:44,120 --> 00:38:46,680
is not sufficient
when it comes to food.
568
00:38:54,680 --> 00:38:56,920
The next day
we get the results back.
569
00:38:57,080 --> 00:38:59,040
None of the purchased items showed
570
00:38:59,200 --> 00:39:01,760
any signs
of radioactive contamination.
571
00:39:03,400 --> 00:39:05,400
(speaks Japanese)
572
00:39:28,600 --> 00:39:30,880
NARRATOR: We are left
with an uncomfortable feeling.
573
00:39:31,040 --> 00:39:32,960
Especially regarding the fish,
574
00:39:33,120 --> 00:39:35,760
with it being one of
the main staple foods in Japan.
575
00:39:35,920 --> 00:39:39,520
There are often reports that
radioactively-contaminated water
576
00:39:39,680 --> 00:39:42,280
from the reactor
spills into the sea.
577
00:39:42,440 --> 00:39:46,680
What the long-term effects will be
is impossible to say at the moment.
578
00:39:48,920 --> 00:39:52,880
Back to Joe Moross in
the ghost town of Minamisoma.
579
00:39:53,040 --> 00:39:55,080
The engineer has to check
the sensor
580
00:39:55,240 --> 00:39:58,280
that his team has placed here
to measure radioactivity.
581
00:39:58,440 --> 00:40:01,800
Joe doesn't trust the readings
provided by official bodies.
582
00:40:01,960 --> 00:40:05,360
The equipment seems to have failed
and is sending false information.
583
00:40:05,520 --> 00:40:09,120
Joe immediately discovers what
the reason for the problem is.
584
00:40:11,040 --> 00:40:14,000
(sensor bleeps)
585
00:40:14,160 --> 00:40:16,440
- We wanted to make
sure that the sensor is working
586
00:40:16,600 --> 00:40:18,320
and it wasn't
that something had blocked it
587
00:40:18,480 --> 00:40:20,240
or that an animal
had chewed through the wires.
588
00:40:20,400 --> 00:40:21,960
But it's clear, now that I am here,
589
00:40:22,120 --> 00:40:24,720
that all this snow is so thick
that it's covering the ground
590
00:40:24,880 --> 00:40:28,480
and shielding the radiation and
making the reading a bit lower.
591
00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:35,280
NARRATOR: On our way back to the car
we meet a human being, after all.
592
00:40:35,440 --> 00:40:37,400
Builders are tearing down
593
00:40:37,560 --> 00:40:40,120
a radioactively-contaminated
building.
594
00:40:40,280 --> 00:40:44,560
We are told that wood isn't as easy
to clean as stone, for example.
595
00:40:44,720 --> 00:40:48,880
The contaminated waste is taken
out of the city by the lorry load.
596
00:40:49,040 --> 00:40:51,040
At the moment, the Japanese
government is planning
597
00:40:51,200 --> 00:40:53,960
to permanently block off
one of the ghost towns
598
00:40:54,120 --> 00:40:57,760
and store all
of the polluted waste there.
599
00:40:57,920 --> 00:41:00,040
The owners of this furniture
took everything outside
600
00:41:00,200 --> 00:41:03,920
to be collected, but it seems as
if half way through they gave up.
601
00:41:08,000 --> 00:41:10,480
- I have seen families where
602
00:41:10,640 --> 00:41:12,280
the father wanted
to take everything with them,
603
00:41:12,440 --> 00:41:15,040
and the mother was, like, "No, leave
it behind. We've got to go."
604
00:41:15,200 --> 00:41:16,920
"Let's just leave."
605
00:41:17,080 --> 00:41:20,880
It's a very dynamic situation
when you're evacuating.
606
00:41:21,040 --> 00:41:22,880
And some people want
to keep their things,
607
00:41:23,040 --> 00:41:25,360
but they want to go,
and they're torn.
608
00:41:27,040 --> 00:41:29,360
NARRATOR:
We are visiting the Endo family,
609
00:41:29,520 --> 00:41:32,160
who experienced
exactly this situation.
610
00:41:32,320 --> 00:41:34,840
They, too, had to flee
from the radioactive radiation.
611
00:41:35,000 --> 00:41:38,440
They have been living
in an emergency shelter for years,
612
00:41:38,600 --> 00:41:41,720
and for the parents everything
is about their children.
613
00:41:41,880 --> 00:41:43,720
The father doesn't
want to be filmed.
614
00:41:43,880 --> 00:41:46,760
He is ashamed because
of the cramped living conditions.
615
00:41:48,600 --> 00:41:50,600
(speaks Japanese)
616
00:42:15,000 --> 00:42:18,320
NARRATOR:
The Endo family were very unlucky.
617
00:42:18,480 --> 00:42:21,400
They lived just outside
the official evacuation zone
618
00:42:21,560 --> 00:42:23,640
and were therefore not able
to get compensation
619
00:42:23,800 --> 00:42:26,600
from the reactor’s owner Tepco.
620
00:42:26,760 --> 00:42:28,480
All the others in the settlement
at least get
621
00:42:28,640 --> 00:42:32,360
a monthly payment of euros
as recompense.
622
00:42:38,520 --> 00:42:40,520
(speaks Japanese)
623
00:42:58,480 --> 00:43:03,520
NARRATOR: 160,000 Japanese people
had to leave their homes
624
00:43:03,680 --> 00:43:06,560
after the reactor catastrophe,
and a large proportion of them
625
00:43:06,720 --> 00:43:10,120
are still waiting to be rehoused
into real homes.
626
00:43:10,280 --> 00:43:13,120
But the authorities don’t want
to set an official time frame
627
00:43:13,280 --> 00:43:15,600
on when this will happen.
628
00:43:18,960 --> 00:43:22,080
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