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--captions by vitac--
Www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
Discovery communications
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♪♪
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Hey, my name is steve.
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Some people call me
Green beetle.
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I like to forge knives, and
I make cool stuff in my garage.
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So, take a break,
Let's go on a road trip
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And make a high speed
Concept knife
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Out of these car parts together.
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I'll try to incorporate
This steering wheel
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And leather wheel cover.
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We'll use a car axle
For the main blade,
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And I think I can put
This chain drive to use.
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Here's the plan --
The first part of our project
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Will be forging a blade
And a tang for our knife,
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And step two,
We'll fashion a guard,
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And step three,
We'll work on the handle.
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To get more carbon
Into the blade steel,
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We'll case-hard it using
Our steering wheel bits,
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For the guard,
I'd like to forge
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Weld the chain into
A solid piece of steel,
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And for the handle, we're going
To sew up some leather
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To look like a steering wheel.
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This is our axle.
It's 1 3/8-inch-thick,
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Which is going to represent
Quite a chore
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To forge down
Into a knife by hand.
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I'm told it's something
Like 4140 or 1040 steel.
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That's roughly 0.4% carbon.
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Most knife steels contain
A scosche more carbon than that,
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So we'll spark test it
And see what we're working with.
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It's only putting off a small
Amount of short-bursting sparks
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Indicating a moderate
Amount of carbon.
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I'd rather see sort of
A copious spark.
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This test, I think, reinforces
The idea that we're better off
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If we can get some extra
Carbon into this steel.
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Here, I've cleaned it up and
I'm etching in ferric chloride
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To look at the steel itself
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And check for things
Like stress fractures,
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Since this axle has been used.
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♪♪
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What's crazy is I found
These dark lines
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That are going all the way
Around in a spiral.
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I don't know if that's
A different metal
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With more carbon
In it or less alloy
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Or it's just been
Differentially hardened or what.
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I don't -- not sure why it would
Do that, but it's pretty cool.
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At any rate, we did not find
Any stress fractures,
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So let's start banging.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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Say, steve, that looks like a
Tremendous amount of hard work.
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Well, steve, for most people,
Hammering this much steel
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Is a monumental achievement,
To say the least.
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But I have really huge arms.
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I mean, my biceps
Are freakishly big.
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They have their own names,
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And they get
Their own pillows at night.
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One's called ricky-bobby,
I call the other one v-8,
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After the tomato-flavored
Beverage,
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Not the --
Not the car engine.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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All right, all right.
Now that it's shaped up,
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We can start hammering in
The tip of our knife.
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You'll notice that the steel
Is still fairly thick here.
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I want some extra material
For widening the blade
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And when you're working
With an unknown steel,
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More tends to be better.
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Mistakes and problems
Can be more easily tackled
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If there's extra
Material available.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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Curves are being hammered
Into the knife
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To approximate
Its final shape,
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But as the bevels are forged,
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The profile's going
To change a bit,
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And we'll have to come back
And do more of this later,
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But this is a good start.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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Time to forge in some bevels
And widen the blade a bit.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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This is a cool,
Little fullering tool
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I'm going to use to demarcate
Our tang, or handle area.
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The steel there on the end is
Going to be drawn out,
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00:04:58,344 --> 00:05:00,758
And then we'll move on
To grinding our knife.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
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Well, that was a lot of work,
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00:05:37,275 --> 00:05:39,413
But what you guys didn't see
Is that, luckily,
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I have some extra
Help around the shop,
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00:05:41,310 --> 00:05:43,551
My little pit
Crew of steves.
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You know, they aren't
The brightest bunch of bananas,
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But I can get them to take out
The trash from time to time,
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So I keep 'em around.
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♪♪
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[ indistinct talking ]
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♪♪
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Now we're going to grind
The profile of the knife
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On this 2x72-inch belt sander.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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00:06:24,758 --> 00:06:26,206
We'll be able to
Refine the shape
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00:06:26,206 --> 00:06:29,310
And correct some of the issues
We had with forging.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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Now, this is important.
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00:06:41,310 --> 00:06:44,965
The knife has been ground down
To about 1.8 millimeters thick.
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When we case-harden our steel,
We'll be able to infuse carbon
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About 1.5-millimeters-deep
From all sides,
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Meaning we should get
A significant increase in carbon
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All the way through and
Through the blade at the edge,
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00:06:56,413 --> 00:06:59,482
Maybe even up to a 1/4-inch
Back from the edge.
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On to the guard.
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00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:02,620
We'll reorganize our chain,
As it were,
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00:07:02,620 --> 00:07:05,620
Get it all stacked up,
Tack weld it together,
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00:07:05,620 --> 00:07:06,931
And put it into the forge
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00:07:06,931 --> 00:07:09,448
To see if we can get it welded
Into a solid piece.
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00:07:09,448 --> 00:07:13,241
♪♪
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♪♪
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Green beetle:
Forge welding takes place
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At about 2,200° fahrenheit,
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00:07:27,310 --> 00:07:29,172
While regular forging can
Be accomplished
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Around 1,600°, 1,800°
Or thereabouts.
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00:07:32,482 --> 00:07:35,862
♪♪
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00:07:35,862 --> 00:07:38,275
The white powder we put
On there is called "Flux,"
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00:07:38,275 --> 00:07:40,931
And it will help carry off
Some of the iron oxides
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00:07:40,931 --> 00:07:42,379
That accumulate under high heat
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00:07:42,379 --> 00:07:45,793
And otherwise prevent forge
Welding from taking place.
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00:07:45,793 --> 00:07:48,517
My hope is that between
The flux and the high heat
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00:07:48,517 --> 00:07:50,689
That we've burned off
Or carried away,
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00:07:50,689 --> 00:07:53,689
Grease, rust, all the impurities
In this used chain
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00:07:53,689 --> 00:07:56,137
That would keep it
From forge welding.
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00:07:56,137 --> 00:07:58,103
As you can see, we haven't
Really been successful in that.
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00:07:58,103 --> 00:07:59,862
This thing did not
Come together.
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00:08:10,103 --> 00:08:11,758
That is a bummer.
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00:08:15,551 --> 00:08:18,931
I think it's weldable, but maybe
It just wasn't clean enough
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Or I just didn't have
What it takes in this case.
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00:08:20,620 --> 00:08:23,448
So, let's soak another piece
In this degreaser
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For about eight hours.
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00:08:25,310 --> 00:08:27,310
We'll fill the gaps with steel,
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Which should make it
Stick together easier
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And help it retain heat
While we're trying to forge
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Weld.
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Maybe that'll do the trick.
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We had a little more luck here,
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But there's still
Plenty of gaps.
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00:08:59,689 --> 00:09:03,275
This is just not going
To be suitable for a guard.
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00:09:03,275 --> 00:09:09,034
So, next, I'm going to sandblast
My remaining chain with garnet
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00:09:09,034 --> 00:09:12,137
And then seal it in a canister
With 1095 powdered steel.
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Just as a proof of concept,
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This should settle the question
Of whether or not this steel
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Is really fully forge-weldable
In the first place.
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Maybe I'll get a good billet
Out of it for the guard.
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We'll get this cannister
Ground off
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To expose
The steel underneath,
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Etch it up,
And see what we got.
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Well, it's a solid piece
Of steel, so that's good.
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00:09:49,379 --> 00:09:51,689
And it's a cool pattern,
But it's just too big.
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00:09:51,689 --> 00:09:53,000
I don't think it's tight enough
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To demonstrate itself well
On a guard.
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So, time to change gears,
Pun intended,
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00:09:59,724 --> 00:10:01,275
And use this new timing chain
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00:10:01,275 --> 00:10:03,931
That has smaller links,
It's clean, it's new.
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00:10:03,931 --> 00:10:05,482
We'll still soak it in acetone,
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And we'll still close up the
Gaps with some mild steel rod,
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00:10:08,620 --> 00:10:10,931
But I think we're going
To have some success here.
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♪♪
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Green beetle:
That worked pretty well.
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We're going to mark this up,
Drill it,
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And start filing
Our tang hole.
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♪♪
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00:11:06,827 --> 00:11:14,793
♪♪
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00:11:14,793 --> 00:11:22,793
♪♪
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00:11:22,793 --> 00:11:30,793
♪♪
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00:11:30,793 --> 00:11:33,620
It's a nice, tight fit, so we'll
Get it ground into a shape,
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Heat treat it
To accentuate the pattern,
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Etch it in our ferric chloride,
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And we'll have
Our guard all set.
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♪♪
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♪♪
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♪♪
190
00:12:04,827 --> 00:12:07,103
We're going to make a spacer
Out of mild steel
191
00:12:07,103 --> 00:12:09,448
To go in between
The guard and the handle.
192
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Nothing too fancy here,
193
00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:13,103
But we'll give it some color
At the end of the process,
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And I think it'll really
Sort of stand out.
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00:12:14,931 --> 00:12:22,655
♪♪
196
00:12:22,655 --> 00:12:26,896
Carburization is basically
Adding carbon to iron or steel.
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00:12:26,896 --> 00:12:29,620
An age-old method for
Accomplishing that is called
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00:12:29,620 --> 00:12:32,275
"Case-hardening,"
Where carbon-rich materials
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00:12:32,275 --> 00:12:34,344
Like bone or leather
Or charcoal
200
00:12:34,344 --> 00:12:36,965
Are heated up
To over 1,800 degrees
201
00:12:36,965 --> 00:12:40,068
In a container that contains
The steel or iron
202
00:12:40,068 --> 00:12:41,586
You're going to carburize.
203
00:12:41,586 --> 00:12:45,103
It's kept that way for
Several hours to several days.
204
00:12:45,103 --> 00:12:47,206
The carbon turns
Into carbon monoxide
205
00:12:47,206 --> 00:12:51,034
And travels into the steel,
Where the carbon is deposited.
206
00:12:51,034 --> 00:12:52,827
A method like this
Can usually increase
207
00:12:52,827 --> 00:12:54,275
The amount of carbon
In the steel
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00:12:54,275 --> 00:12:56,586
To a depth of
About 1 to 2 millimeters
209
00:12:56,586 --> 00:12:58,586
Depending on different factors.
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00:12:58,586 --> 00:13:07,241
♪♪
211
00:13:07,241 --> 00:13:09,000
So, we've cut up
Our wooden steering wheel
212
00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:10,413
And leather cover.
213
00:13:10,413 --> 00:13:12,000
We're going to make
Charcoal out of them
214
00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:15,068
By putting them in this paint
Can and throwing them on a fire.
215
00:13:15,068 --> 00:13:21,931
♪♪
216
00:13:21,931 --> 00:13:28,793
♪♪
217
00:13:28,793 --> 00:13:35,689
♪♪
218
00:13:35,689 --> 00:13:39,000
Here's our carbon-rich charcoal.
219
00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:41,862
We're going to take it,
Crush it up, boil it up,
220
00:13:41,862 --> 00:13:43,827
Make it a fine powder out of it,
221
00:13:43,827 --> 00:13:46,068
Then combine it
With calcium carbonate,
222
00:13:46,068 --> 00:13:50,137
Which sort of speeds
The process along.
223
00:13:50,137 --> 00:13:55,517
We'll put it in a sealed
Steel-foil pouch with our knife
224
00:13:55,517 --> 00:14:00,517
And bake it in the oven
At 1,800° for about 4 1/2 hours.
225
00:14:14,586 --> 00:14:17,517
All right, so, I included
A test chip from our axle
226
00:14:17,517 --> 00:14:20,482
And the steel foil
With our knife.
227
00:14:20,482 --> 00:14:23,931
We've ground down the sides here
And then we're going to etch it
228
00:14:23,931 --> 00:14:26,965
And you can see that there is
A ring of some carbon there,
229
00:14:26,965 --> 00:14:28,758
That extra-dark ring
230
00:14:28,758 --> 00:14:30,896
That went about 1 1/2
Millimeters into the steel,
231
00:14:30,896 --> 00:14:35,068
So I think we got some good
Carburization for the knife.
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00:14:42,379 --> 00:14:45,551
After filing in the shoulders,
It's off to the heat-treat oven
233
00:14:45,551 --> 00:14:47,448
For some
Normalization cycles,
234
00:14:47,448 --> 00:14:50,724
And then we'll quench
From the forge here.
235
00:14:50,724 --> 00:14:53,241
Our quenchant is parks 50 oil.
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00:15:09,482 --> 00:15:11,965
♪♪
237
00:15:11,965 --> 00:15:16,068
So, we've tempered it at 400°
For 2 hours twice,
238
00:15:16,068 --> 00:15:18,068
And now we're going to do
Some finish grinding.
239
00:15:18,068 --> 00:15:19,931
We've got a little more
Shaping to do.
240
00:15:19,931 --> 00:15:22,310
There's still some oxides
To get off there
241
00:15:22,310 --> 00:15:24,137
After all the heat treatment,
242
00:15:24,137 --> 00:15:26,103
And I've got to really
Finalize these bevels
243
00:15:26,103 --> 00:15:27,344
And get everything ground
244
00:15:27,344 --> 00:15:30,000
To a more reasonable shape
For the final knife.
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00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:36,310
♪♪
246
00:15:36,310 --> 00:15:42,620
♪♪
247
00:15:42,620 --> 00:15:45,172
This is my least favorite part
Of making a knife,
248
00:15:45,172 --> 00:15:47,344
Is doing some hand
Sanding for finishing.
249
00:15:47,344 --> 00:15:49,413
Here, we're going to go
To about 400 grit
250
00:15:49,413 --> 00:15:51,551
And then take on the swedge.
251
00:15:51,551 --> 00:15:55,206
♪♪
252
00:15:55,206 --> 00:15:57,655
I don't do a lot of these,
So I'm a little nervous.
253
00:15:57,655 --> 00:16:05,655
♪♪
254
00:16:05,655 --> 00:16:08,758
But I think it turns
Out all right.
255
00:16:14,310 --> 00:16:20,655
♪♪
256
00:16:20,655 --> 00:16:23,034
Green beetle: all right,
Time to do some sandblasting.
257
00:16:23,034 --> 00:16:26,482
I've got the garnet again.
We're going to blast at 40 psi
258
00:16:26,482 --> 00:16:29,896
In my little rinky-dink
Blasting cabinet.
259
00:16:29,896 --> 00:16:31,344
All right, break out
The cerakote.
260
00:16:31,344 --> 00:16:33,413
Let's see if we can get
A cool racing-car pattern
261
00:16:33,413 --> 00:16:35,068
Sprayed on here.
262
00:16:35,068 --> 00:16:36,758
I'm pretty awful
At spraying cerakote.
263
00:16:36,758 --> 00:16:38,620
I've only done it twice.
264
00:16:38,620 --> 00:16:41,724
Last time I did it was
A couple years ago.
265
00:16:41,724 --> 00:16:43,689
We'll see where
We get with this.
266
00:16:43,689 --> 00:16:52,379
♪♪
267
00:16:52,379 --> 00:17:01,103
♪♪
268
00:17:01,103 --> 00:17:03,068
I don't have any
Professional stencils,
269
00:17:03,068 --> 00:17:05,103
Which would've made
This a lot easier,
270
00:17:05,103 --> 00:17:08,517
So we're just using, like,
Painter's tape and some decals
271
00:17:08,517 --> 00:17:11,034
I bought at the hobby store.
272
00:17:11,034 --> 00:17:16,034
♪♪
273
00:17:16,034 --> 00:17:17,620
Awesome.
Time to move on to the handle.
274
00:17:17,620 --> 00:17:19,034
We're going to
Cut up this oak
275
00:17:19,034 --> 00:17:21,620
And chisel out a cavity
For the tang here,
276
00:17:21,620 --> 00:17:23,689
Which will be offset
Or located mostly
277
00:17:23,689 --> 00:17:26,413
In one half of our block
For strength purposes.
278
00:17:26,413 --> 00:17:34,896
♪♪
279
00:17:34,896 --> 00:17:43,379
♪♪
280
00:17:43,379 --> 00:17:51,862
♪♪
281
00:17:51,862 --> 00:18:00,344
♪♪
282
00:18:00,344 --> 00:18:02,103
Now it's glued up.
283
00:18:02,103 --> 00:18:06,344
We'll just punch the sides down
A little bit with my bare hands.
284
00:18:06,344 --> 00:18:08,758
Next, we're going to drill out
A hole for our m14,
285
00:18:08,758 --> 00:18:11,827
1.5 wheel stud or lug stud.
286
00:18:11,827 --> 00:18:15,379
It's going to connect our tang
To our butt plate eventually.
287
00:18:15,379 --> 00:18:22,689
♪♪
288
00:18:22,689 --> 00:18:30,068
♪♪
289
00:18:30,068 --> 00:18:32,103
We are cutting slots
In the wheel studs
290
00:18:32,103 --> 00:18:34,310
So that it'll fit over
The end of the tang.
291
00:18:34,310 --> 00:18:36,517
We'll drill holes
In both pieces, and that way,
292
00:18:36,517 --> 00:18:39,172
We'll be able to pin them
Together inside the handle.
293
00:18:39,172 --> 00:18:47,344
♪♪
294
00:18:47,344 --> 00:18:55,448
♪♪
295
00:18:55,448 --> 00:19:03,724
♪♪
296
00:19:03,724 --> 00:19:06,965
I'm not a leather expert.
This took forever.
297
00:19:06,965 --> 00:19:09,068
And the results are, you know,
For me, they're pretty good.
298
00:19:09,068 --> 00:19:12,689
But at any rate,
I've traced out a pattern here
299
00:19:12,689 --> 00:19:14,931
From rolling the handle
Over a piece of paper.
300
00:19:14,931 --> 00:19:17,000
We're going to transfer that
To a piece of leather
301
00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:20,275
And put on our first layer
Of leather.
302
00:19:20,275 --> 00:19:23,862
Has to be scarfed
So that where edges overlap,
303
00:19:23,862 --> 00:19:25,965
They don't create a ridge.
304
00:19:25,965 --> 00:19:33,655
♪♪
305
00:19:33,655 --> 00:19:41,413
♪♪
306
00:19:41,413 --> 00:19:45,896
The transition piece is glued
To the tang with some j.B. Weld.
307
00:19:45,896 --> 00:19:49,137
It's a pretty tight fit already,
But the j.B. Weld helps
308
00:19:49,137 --> 00:19:51,275
Snug that up a little bit,
And most importantly,
309
00:19:51,275 --> 00:19:53,827
It'll keep moisture out from
The inner workings of the blade,
310
00:19:53,827 --> 00:19:55,517
Which is going to be necessary.
311
00:19:55,517 --> 00:19:59,724
None of this is stainless.
312
00:19:59,724 --> 00:20:01,413
The tang has to be bedded, too,
313
00:20:01,413 --> 00:20:02,793
So even though
We chiseled out the slot
314
00:20:02,793 --> 00:20:04,103
And it's already
A pretty tight fit,
315
00:20:04,103 --> 00:20:05,896
We want to remove all the play
In the handle
316
00:20:05,896 --> 00:20:07,241
So the tang is tightly
Wrapped in
317
00:20:07,241 --> 00:20:09,448
Saran wrap,
Then covered with wax.
318
00:20:09,448 --> 00:20:11,793
I put some two-part epoxy
In our handle,
319
00:20:11,793 --> 00:20:14,586
And we're going to slip that
Over the tang and let it dry.
320
00:20:14,586 --> 00:20:16,517
If all goes well,
It just should slide right off
321
00:20:16,517 --> 00:20:19,448
That wax saran wrap.
322
00:20:19,448 --> 00:20:21,517
Have to be careful
Not to overfill the tang.
323
00:20:21,517 --> 00:20:22,965
We still want that area
In the back
324
00:20:22,965 --> 00:20:27,068
Where our stud is going
To be pinned to be free of glue.
325
00:20:27,068 --> 00:20:30,517
♪♪
326
00:20:30,517 --> 00:20:31,689
Now it's time for the outer wrap
327
00:20:31,689 --> 00:20:33,758
That we're going to
Baseball stitch.
328
00:20:33,758 --> 00:20:36,206
I had to make
A new pattern there.
329
00:20:36,206 --> 00:20:37,827
We've cut it up,
Punched our holes,
330
00:20:37,827 --> 00:20:39,413
And we're going to
Start stitching --
331
00:20:39,413 --> 00:20:41,275
Just the top half, though.
332
00:20:41,275 --> 00:20:43,448
♪♪
333
00:20:43,448 --> 00:20:44,965
So, here's our little handle pin
334
00:20:44,965 --> 00:20:47,344
That's going to fit
Entirely inside the handle.
335
00:20:47,344 --> 00:20:49,310
We're going to drive it in
With a separate pin,
336
00:20:49,310 --> 00:20:53,068
And it's going to fixate
The wheel stud to the tang
337
00:20:53,068 --> 00:20:55,241
Through the mutual hole
That they share,
338
00:20:55,241 --> 00:20:57,448
And we're going to keep it
Away from the wooden handle
339
00:20:57,448 --> 00:20:59,931
And entirely inside the butt
340
00:20:59,931 --> 00:21:02,862
By putting a little nickel sheet
For a divider there.
341
00:21:02,862 --> 00:21:05,793
This way, our wooden handle will
Be separated from our wheel stud
342
00:21:05,793 --> 00:21:09,034
And the lug nut
That goes on top of it,
343
00:21:09,034 --> 00:21:11,482
Which will allow the wooden
Handle to be cinched down
344
00:21:11,482 --> 00:21:14,448
And pinched between
The butt plate or lug nut
345
00:21:14,448 --> 00:21:18,137
And the transition piece above
It, tightening everything up.
346
00:21:18,137 --> 00:21:20,379
After that, we're good
To finish our stitching.
347
00:21:20,379 --> 00:21:25,827
♪♪
348
00:21:25,827 --> 00:21:31,344
♪♪
349
00:21:31,344 --> 00:21:33,620
Only thing left to do
Is sharpen it.
350
00:21:33,620 --> 00:21:39,379
♪♪
351
00:21:39,379 --> 00:21:45,137
♪♪
352
00:21:45,137 --> 00:21:47,655
The hubcap spike on the bottom
Of the knife screws on and off.
353
00:21:47,655 --> 00:21:49,655
It's interchangeable
With any hubcap decorator,
354
00:21:49,655 --> 00:21:51,379
As far as I know.
355
00:21:51,379 --> 00:21:54,275
I probably would like to make
A base plate to do on the bottom
356
00:21:54,275 --> 00:21:56,482
Of the knife that matches
The guard at some point,
357
00:21:56,482 --> 00:21:59,000
But that's probably down
The road a ways.
358
00:21:59,000 --> 00:22:00,344
What did you guys think?
359
00:22:00,344 --> 00:22:03,275
Is this a fitting tribute
To maybe the ford 2005 gt
360
00:22:03,275 --> 00:22:07,241
Or race cars in general?
361
00:22:07,241 --> 00:22:10,448
I certainly had a ton of fun.
I learned a lot, as always.
362
00:22:10,448 --> 00:22:12,620
It was really good
To meet you guys.
363
00:22:12,620 --> 00:22:14,000
Take care of yourselves,
364
00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:17,413
And, hey, maybe
I'll see you again sometime.
27448
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