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Bill:
THIS IS THE SKY.
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00:00:03,270 --> 00:00:05,237
I KNOW WHAT YOU'RE SAYING.
3
00:00:05,272 --> 00:00:07,506
YOU'RE SAYING,
"THERE'S NOTHING THERE."
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00:00:07,541 --> 00:00:10,308
WHAT DO YOU MEAN
THERE'S NOTHING THERE?
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00:00:10,344 --> 00:00:12,210
THERE'S ENOUGH TO FLY ON.
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00:00:12,246 --> 00:00:14,045
WANT TO SEE IT AGAIN?
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00:00:14,081 --> 00:00:15,580
THINGS FLY.
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00:00:15,616 --> 00:00:16,915
PRETTY COOL, HUH?
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00:00:22,423 --> 00:00:24,856
Captioning made possible by
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
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00:00:24,891 --> 00:00:26,758
♪ BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUY ♪
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00:00:26,793 --> 00:00:29,528
♪ BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUY ♪
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00:00:29,563 --> 00:00:31,829
♪ BILL, BILL, BILL, BILL,
BILL, BILL ♪
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00:00:31,865 --> 00:00:35,267
♪ BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUY ♪
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00:00:35,302 --> 00:00:38,270
Woman:
SCIENCE RULES.
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00:00:38,305 --> 00:00:40,939
♪ BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUY ♪
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00:00:40,975 --> 00:00:43,308
INERTIA IS A PROPERTY OF MATTER.
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00:00:43,343 --> 00:00:45,343
♪ BILL, BILL, BILL, BILL ♪
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00:00:45,378 --> 00:00:47,846
♪ BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUY ♪
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00:00:47,881 --> 00:00:49,648
♪ BILL, BILL, BILL, BILL ♪
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00:00:49,683 --> 00:00:51,950
"T" MINUS SEVEN SECONDS.
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00:00:51,986 --> 00:00:54,886
♪ BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUY. ♪
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00:00:54,921 --> 00:00:59,491
Announcer:
BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUY,
BROUGHT TO YOU BY...
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00:00:59,527 --> 00:01:02,227
WITHOUT AIR, YOU AIN'T FLYING.
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00:01:02,262 --> 00:01:04,296
AIR PRESSURE MAKES THINGS FLY.
THAT'S IT.
25
00:01:04,331 --> 00:01:06,631
FROM JUNE BUGS TO GIANT JETS
26
00:01:06,667 --> 00:01:09,301
THEY ALL FLY
BECAUSE OF AIR PRESSURE.
27
00:01:09,336 --> 00:01:12,637
YOU'RE SAYING, "HOW CAN AIR
MAKE THAT MUCH PRESSURE?
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00:01:12,673 --> 00:01:16,642
"IT'S NOT LIKE IT HAS
A TEST TOMORROW OR ANYTHING.
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00:01:16,677 --> 00:01:19,978
AND BESIDES, AIR IS SO LIGHT
AND, WELL, AIRY."
30
00:01:20,013 --> 00:01:22,980
BUT IT'S AIR PRESSURE
THAT LETS US BREATHE.
31
00:01:23,016 --> 00:01:26,651
AND IT'S AIR PRESSURE
THAT MAKES THE WIND BLOW.
32
00:01:26,686 --> 00:01:29,321
WITHOUT AIR PRESSURE,
NOTHING COULD FLY.
33
00:01:29,356 --> 00:01:30,755
TAKE A LOOK AT THIS.
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00:01:30,790 --> 00:01:33,358
IT'S OUR PLASTIC AIRPLANE
OF SCIENCE.
35
00:01:33,393 --> 00:01:34,826
THIS AIRPLANE IS FLYING
36
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EVEN THOUGH
IT MAY NOT BE GOING ANYWHERE.
37
00:01:37,531 --> 00:01:39,164
MAYBE YOU KNOW THE FEELING.
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00:01:39,200 --> 00:01:42,500
AIR MOVING OVER THE WINGS IS
CREATING WHAT SCIENTISTS CALL...
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00:01:42,536 --> 00:01:45,003
MAYBE A SCIENTIST LIKE YOU
CALLS "LIFT."
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00:01:45,039 --> 00:01:47,439
IT'S LIKE WHEN YOU LIFT
SOMETHING UP
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00:01:47,474 --> 00:01:50,042
LIKE MAYBE YOU LIFT UP
A 400-TON JUMBO JET
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00:01:50,077 --> 00:01:52,544
OR A PLASTIC AIRPLANE
OF SCIENCE.
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00:01:52,580 --> 00:01:54,913
WHERE DOES THE LIFT COME FROM?
44
00:01:54,948 --> 00:01:57,115
IT COMES FROM MOVING AIR.
45
00:01:57,150 --> 00:01:59,751
WHEN THE WINGS
ARE TIPPED UP A LITTLE BIT
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00:01:59,787 --> 00:02:03,055
THE MOVING AIR CREATES
DIFFERENCES IN AIR PRESSURE.
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00:02:05,526 --> 00:02:07,792
THE AIR GOING
UNDERNEATH THE WINGS
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00:02:07,828 --> 00:02:12,097
IS GOING A LITTLE MORE SLOWLY
THAN THE AIR GOING OVER THE TOP.
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00:02:12,132 --> 00:02:15,533
WHEN AIR IS MOVING THIS WAY,
IT PUSHES THIS WAY.
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00:02:15,569 --> 00:02:17,869
IT DOESN'T PUSH SO MUCH
UP OR DOWN.
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00:02:17,905 --> 00:02:20,205
SO THERE'S
A LITTLE HIGHER PRESSURE
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00:02:20,240 --> 00:02:22,040
UNDER THE WING THAN ON TOP.
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00:02:22,076 --> 00:02:25,377
THAT DIFFERENCE IN AIR PRESSURE
CREATES LIFT.
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00:02:25,412 --> 00:02:29,281
THIS THING THAT HAPPENS WITH AIR
THAT WHEN IT'S MOVING THIS WAY
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00:02:29,316 --> 00:02:32,150
IT PUSHES THIS WAY
AND NOT SO MUCH SIDEWAYS
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00:02:32,185 --> 00:02:34,085
IS NAMED AFTER A SWISS GUY
NAMED BERNOULLI.
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00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:36,788
SO, WE CALL IT
"THE BERNOULLI EFFECT."
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00:02:39,259 --> 00:02:41,192
WHEN THE WING'S CURVED ON TOP
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00:02:41,228 --> 00:02:44,696
IT DOESN'T NEED TO BE TIPPED UP
AS MUCH TO GET LIFT.
60
00:02:44,731 --> 00:02:47,766
IT DOESN'T NEED
AS BIG OF AN ANGLE OF ATTACK.
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00:02:49,436 --> 00:02:50,835
AIRPLANES FLY
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00:02:50,871 --> 00:02:54,806
BECAUSE THEIR WINGS DEVELOP
DIFFERENCES IN AIR PRESSURE
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00:02:54,841 --> 00:02:58,910
WHEN THEY'RE CURVED ON TOP
OR GIVEN AN ANGLE OF ATTACK.
64
00:03:00,480 --> 00:03:05,450
SO, AIRPLANES ARE HELD UP
BY SOMETHING WE CAN'T SEE:
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00:03:05,485 --> 00:03:08,186
INVISIBLE AIR PRESSURE. HUH?
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00:03:08,222 --> 00:03:10,855
NOT THAT BAD. NOT THAT BAD.
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00:03:12,759 --> 00:03:16,161
WHEN WE THROW
THE PLASTIC AIRPLANE OF SCIENCE
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00:03:16,196 --> 00:03:19,164
DIFFERENCES IN AIR PRESSURE
CREATED ON THE WING
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00:03:19,199 --> 00:03:20,498
DEVELOP LIFT.
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00:03:20,533 --> 00:03:21,700
HUH?
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00:03:23,803 --> 00:03:26,705
LIFT IS WHAT MAKE
FLYING DISKS FLY.
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00:03:26,740 --> 00:03:28,473
AND KITES.
73
00:03:30,511 --> 00:03:31,977
CHECK THIS OUT.
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00:03:32,012 --> 00:03:34,079
ORDINARY BALLOON.
75
00:03:37,751 --> 00:03:41,286
SOME OF THE AIR WE BREATHE
IS NOW INSIDE THE BALLOON.
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00:03:41,321 --> 00:03:43,488
I'VE USED THE POWER OF MY LUNGS
77
00:03:43,523 --> 00:03:45,957
TO FORCE MOLECULES
INTO THE BALLOON.
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00:03:45,992 --> 00:03:49,328
THE MORE MOLECULES
IN THE BALLOON BOUNCING AROUND
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00:03:49,363 --> 00:03:51,029
THE GREATER THE PRESSURE
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00:03:51,065 --> 00:03:53,865
AND THAT PRESSURE
CAUSES THE BALLOON TO EXPAND.
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00:03:53,900 --> 00:03:55,233
AIR PRESSURE.
82
00:04:03,577 --> 00:04:05,410
GODZILLA.
83
00:04:07,481 --> 00:04:09,748
DAISIES.
84
00:04:11,452 --> 00:04:13,118
THIS ONE?
85
00:04:13,153 --> 00:04:16,120
WELL, WE'RE GOING
TO HAVE TO WORK ON THAT.
86
00:04:16,156 --> 00:04:19,090
AIR PRESSURE GIVES
THESE BALLOONS THEIR SHAPE.
87
00:04:19,126 --> 00:04:23,128
WITHOUT AIR PRESSURE,
WE'D HAVE SOMETHING LIKE THIS...
88
00:04:23,163 --> 00:04:27,065
ALTHOUGH WATCHING BALLOONS
FLY AROUND, NOT THAT BAD.
89
00:04:31,672 --> 00:04:34,071
HERE'S ANOTHER EXPERIMENT
YOU CAN DO
90
00:04:34,107 --> 00:04:36,541
THAT SHOWS
WHAT AIR PRESSURE CAN DO.
91
00:04:36,576 --> 00:04:39,911
GET TWO PENCILS
AND A NICE, BIG BALLOON.
92
00:04:39,946 --> 00:04:41,746
NOW GET A HEAVY BOOK.
93
00:04:41,781 --> 00:04:43,415
THE BALLOON CAN LIFT THE BOOK.
94
00:04:43,450 --> 00:04:46,017
YOU CAN DO IT WITH AIR PRESSURE.
95
00:04:46,053 --> 00:04:48,520
SET TWO PENCILS
ON A TABLE.
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00:04:48,555 --> 00:04:50,622
PLACE THE BALLOON
BETWEEN THE PENCILS
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00:04:50,657 --> 00:04:53,825
WITH THE OPEN END OF THE BALLOON
HANGING OVER THE EDGE.
98
00:04:53,861 --> 00:04:56,395
NOW PUT THE BOOK
ON THE PENCILS.
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00:04:56,430 --> 00:04:58,596
JUST BLOW INTO THE BALLOON.
100
00:04:58,632 --> 00:05:01,166
YOU'RE LIFTING THE BOOK
101
00:05:01,201 --> 00:05:05,003
WITH AIR PRESSURE
FROM YOUR BREATH.
102
00:05:05,038 --> 00:05:06,504
PHEW!
103
00:05:06,540 --> 00:05:09,507
CHECK IT OUT--
POWER-PACKED PUFFS OF AIR.
104
00:05:09,542 --> 00:05:11,943
AIR PRESSURE AND SCIENCE--
THEY'RE POWERFUL.
105
00:05:11,978 --> 00:05:13,945
Both:
SCIENCE RULES!
106
00:05:15,983 --> 00:05:18,483
IT'S A PRETTY GOOD DAY
FOR PARASAILING.
107
00:05:49,416 --> 00:05:50,882
AH, THAT WAS GREAT.
108
00:05:50,918 --> 00:05:52,784
ANYWAY, HERE'S THE PARACHUTE.
109
00:05:52,820 --> 00:05:55,286
THIS IS THE FRONT,
AND THIS IS THE BACK.
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00:05:55,322 --> 00:05:57,489
BETWEEN THERE,
WE GET HIGH PRESSURE.
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00:05:57,524 --> 00:06:00,125
ON TOP,
WE GET SLIGHTLY LOWER PRESSURE.
112
00:06:00,160 --> 00:06:02,060
THAT DIFFERENCE IN AIR PRESSURE?
113
00:06:02,095 --> 00:06:04,295
THAT'S WHERE
THE LIFT COMES FROM. WHOA!
114
00:06:11,004 --> 00:06:13,238
THAT'S A BOEING 727--
A CLASSIC JETLINER.
115
00:06:13,273 --> 00:06:18,043
IT'S FULL OF PEOPLE, KIDS, DOGS,
AND CHOICE OF CHICKEN OR BEEF.
116
00:06:18,078 --> 00:06:20,545
IT WEIGHS ALMOST 100 TONS.
117
00:06:20,581 --> 00:06:21,880
100 TONS!
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00:06:21,915 --> 00:06:24,483
THAT'S A LOT OF TONS
TO GET OFF THE GROUND.
119
00:06:24,518 --> 00:06:26,517
HOW DO WE DO IT?
120
00:06:37,431 --> 00:06:40,565
EVEN THOUGH WE KNOW
THERE'S THOUSANDS OF AIRPLANES
121
00:06:40,600 --> 00:06:42,600
TAKING OFF AND LANDING
EVERY DAY
122
00:06:42,636 --> 00:06:45,136
IT'S STILL A PRETTY COOL THING
TO WATCH.
123
00:06:45,172 --> 00:06:48,973
WISH WE COULD SEE THAT AGAIN
ON INSTANT REPLAY.
124
00:06:49,009 --> 00:06:50,375
WE CAN, BILL. BILL?
125
00:06:50,410 --> 00:06:53,044
I didn't know
you guys were up there.
126
00:06:53,079 --> 00:06:54,880
Go ahead. Rewind it.
127
00:06:54,915 --> 00:06:56,314
GIVE ME CAMERA ONE.
128
00:06:56,349 --> 00:06:58,082
NO, TWO. NO, THREE.
129
00:07:02,356 --> 00:07:03,654
Bill:
THAT'S GREAT.
130
00:07:03,690 --> 00:07:05,322
CHECK OUT THE AIRPLANE'S WING.
131
00:07:05,358 --> 00:07:06,792
LOOK AT ITS SHAPE.
132
00:07:06,827 --> 00:07:09,394
THAT'S IMPORTANT,
BECAUSE AS THE PLANE GETS GOING
133
00:07:09,429 --> 00:07:11,997
SOME OF THE AIR'S GOING
TO GO OVER THE WING
134
00:07:12,032 --> 00:07:14,599
AND SOME OF THE AIR'S
GOING TO GO UNDER IT--
135
00:07:14,634 --> 00:07:16,934
JUST LIKE THE PLASTIC PLANE
OF SCIENCE.
136
00:07:16,970 --> 00:07:19,571
THE X's ARE GOING
OVER THE TOP FAST.
137
00:07:19,606 --> 00:07:22,740
THE O's ARE GOING UNDERNEATH
NOT AS FAST.
138
00:07:22,776 --> 00:07:24,308
READY TWO. TAKE TWO.
139
00:07:24,344 --> 00:07:25,744
IT'S THE SAME AIR
140
00:07:25,779 --> 00:07:27,745
JUST TRAVELING
AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS
141
00:07:27,780 --> 00:07:30,749
WHICH CREATES A DIFFERENCE
IN AIR PRESSURE.
142
00:07:30,784 --> 00:07:32,918
THE FASTER X's
CAN'T PUSH DOWN
143
00:07:32,953 --> 00:07:35,119
AS HARD
AS THE SLOWER O's PUSH UP.
144
00:07:35,154 --> 00:07:36,854
THE O's PUSH THE WING UP.
145
00:07:36,889 --> 00:07:38,757
Bill:
THE AIR ON TOP
146
00:07:38,792 --> 00:07:40,258
ZIPS OVER THE WING
147
00:07:40,294 --> 00:07:42,560
WHICH CREATES AN AREA
OF LOW PRESSURE.
148
00:07:42,595 --> 00:07:44,595
YOU'VE GOT
HIGH PRESSURE UNDERNEATH
149
00:07:44,631 --> 00:07:47,265
AND LOW PRESSURE ON TOP
TO CREATE LIFT.
150
00:07:47,300 --> 00:07:49,601
THE X's AND O's
GET BACK TOGETHER
151
00:07:49,636 --> 00:07:51,570
AT THE BACK OF THE WING.
152
00:07:51,605 --> 00:07:52,603
READY FOR BILL?
153
00:07:52,639 --> 00:07:54,272
WITH AIR MOVING OVER WINGS
154
00:07:54,307 --> 00:07:56,608
WE CAN DEVELOP DIFFERENCES
IN AIR PRESSURE
155
00:07:56,643 --> 00:07:58,944
THAT CAN BE USED TO CREATE LIFT.
156
00:07:58,979 --> 00:08:00,946
HOW DO WE GET AIR MOVING?
157
00:08:00,981 --> 00:08:02,514
WITH ENGINES, BIG ENGINES.
158
00:08:02,549 --> 00:08:04,516
THAT'S HOW WE GET AIR MOVING.
159
00:08:04,551 --> 00:08:06,651
NOW LET'S KEEP THE SHOW MOVING.
160
00:08:12,692 --> 00:08:15,360
Woman:
THIS IS THE SIMULATOR ROOM.
161
00:08:15,395 --> 00:08:19,764
THE ONE WE'RE GOING
TO FLY IN TODAY IS THE 767-200.
162
00:08:19,799 --> 00:08:21,532
MY NAME IS SUZANNA DARCY.
163
00:08:21,568 --> 00:08:24,369
I'M A TEST PILOT
FOR THE BOEING COMPANY.
164
00:08:24,404 --> 00:08:25,837
I'M RATED TO FLY
165
00:08:25,872 --> 00:08:30,641
ON THE BOEING 737,
THE 57, THE 67, AND 747-400.
166
00:08:30,677 --> 00:08:33,578
THIS IS THE SIMULATOR
THAT'S USED FOR DOING
167
00:08:33,614 --> 00:08:35,913
ALL THE TRAINING
FOR AIRLINE PILOTS
168
00:08:35,948 --> 00:08:39,750
AND TEST PILOTS THAT ARE GETTING
THEIR RATINGS ON THE 767.
169
00:08:39,786 --> 00:08:41,052
...PULLING BACK HERE.
170
00:08:41,088 --> 00:08:42,220
AND BEAUTIFUL.
171
00:08:42,255 --> 00:08:43,521
WE'RE FLYING.
172
00:08:43,556 --> 00:08:46,224
THERE'S A POSITIVE RATE
AND YOU TELL ME GEAR UP.
173
00:08:46,259 --> 00:08:48,493
THESE ARE THE THROTTLES
AND THEY WORK
174
00:08:48,528 --> 00:08:50,662
LIKE AN ACCELERATOR ON A CAR.
175
00:08:50,697 --> 00:08:52,230
THIS IS THE CONTROL COLUMN.
176
00:08:52,266 --> 00:08:54,498
WHEN YOU PULL BACK, WE GO UP.
177
00:08:54,534 --> 00:08:57,469
WHEN YOU PUSH FORWARD,
THE AIRPLANE WILL GO DOWN.
178
00:08:57,504 --> 00:09:00,371
MOST PEOPLE WOULD NOT
CALL PILOTS SCIENTISTS
179
00:09:00,406 --> 00:09:01,639
BUT YOU NEED
180
00:09:01,675 --> 00:09:03,508
A LOT OF MATH AND SCIENCE.
181
00:09:03,544 --> 00:09:05,743
WHEN WE HIT THE GROUND,
I PULL THIS BACK?
182
00:09:05,778 --> 00:09:07,678
I'LL HELP YOU.
183
00:09:07,713 --> 00:09:09,047
THERE'S 50 FEET.
184
00:09:09,082 --> 00:09:11,449
THE AIRPLANE STARTS
TO FLARE AUTOMATICALLY.
185
00:09:15,121 --> 00:09:17,088
RIGHT THERE, TOUCH DOWN.
186
00:09:17,123 --> 00:09:18,923
COME UP.
187
00:09:18,958 --> 00:09:21,125
YOU CAN FEEL
THE BRAKES COMING ON.
188
00:09:21,160 --> 00:09:23,094
ALTITUDES ARE NUMBERS.
189
00:09:23,129 --> 00:09:24,329
HEADINGS ARE NUMBERS.
190
00:09:24,364 --> 00:09:25,964
AIR SPEEDS ARE NUMBERS.
191
00:09:25,999 --> 00:09:29,534
AN AIRPLANE IS REALLY JUST A FUN
APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS.
192
00:09:29,570 --> 00:09:31,769
ARE YOU SURE YOU HAVEN'T
DONE THIS BEFORE?
193
00:09:40,012 --> 00:09:43,247
YOU, ME, AIR, EVERYTHING
IS MADE OF MOLECULES--
194
00:09:43,282 --> 00:09:44,883
LITTLE PIECES OF STUFF.
195
00:09:44,918 --> 00:09:48,019
AND WHEN THINGS
LIKE AIR MOLECULES GET MOVING
196
00:09:48,054 --> 00:09:49,754
THEY CAN EXERT PRESSURE.
197
00:09:49,789 --> 00:09:53,157
HERE. TAKE A LOOK AT
THE MOLECULE MACHINE OF SCIENCE.
198
00:09:53,193 --> 00:09:54,592
SEE THE LITTLE BALLS?
199
00:09:54,627 --> 00:09:57,061
THEY'VE MOVING
LIKE MOVING AIR MOLECULES
200
00:09:57,097 --> 00:10:00,197
AND THEY EXERT A PRESSURE
ON THIS PAPER DISK.
201
00:10:00,233 --> 00:10:01,766
NOW, WHAT WOULD HAPPEN
202
00:10:01,802 --> 00:10:04,502
IF I MOVED THE PAPER DISK UP
REAL FAST?
203
00:10:04,537 --> 00:10:06,204
THE MOLECULES SPREAD APART.
204
00:10:06,239 --> 00:10:07,738
THEY EXPAND.
205
00:10:07,773 --> 00:10:11,542
THEY WANT TO EXERT A PRESSURE
IN THE DIRECTION THEY'RE GOING--
206
00:10:11,577 --> 00:10:12,977
ALONG THE TUBE.
207
00:10:13,013 --> 00:10:16,080
THEY DON'T EXERT AS MUCH
PRESSURE THIS WAY OR THIS WAY.
208
00:10:16,116 --> 00:10:17,381
THAT'S BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE.
209
00:10:17,417 --> 00:10:20,485
IT'S THE SAME PRESSURE YOU FEEL
WHEN RIDING YOUR BIKE.
210
00:10:20,520 --> 00:10:22,053
EXCUSE ME.
211
00:10:22,088 --> 00:10:25,890
I'M GOING TO GENERATE
A LITTLE WIND HERE IN THE LAB.
212
00:10:25,926 --> 00:10:27,892
YOU FEEL WIND ON YOUR FACE.
213
00:10:27,927 --> 00:10:29,561
YOU FEEL PRESSURE.
214
00:10:29,596 --> 00:10:33,797
YOU DON'T FEEL AS MUCH PRESSURE
ON THE BACK OF YOUR HEAD.
215
00:10:33,833 --> 00:10:36,501
THIS PRESSURE IS CALLED
DYNAMIC PRESSURE...
216
00:10:36,536 --> 00:10:38,135
THE PRESSURE OF MOVING AIR.
217
00:10:38,171 --> 00:10:40,971
THE SAME THING HAPPENS
ON AN AIRPLANE WING.
218
00:10:41,007 --> 00:10:43,140
SUPPOSE WE HAD AN AIRPLANE WING
219
00:10:43,176 --> 00:10:46,010
LIKE THE PLASTIC AIRPLANE WING
OF SCIENCE.
220
00:10:46,046 --> 00:10:48,746
AS AIR GOES OVER IT,
THE AIR GOING UNDER
221
00:10:48,781 --> 00:10:51,316
EXERTS A LITTLE PRESSURE
ON THE BOTTOM
222
00:10:51,351 --> 00:10:55,453
BUT THE AIR GOING OVER THE TOP
DOESN'T EXERT AS MUCH PRESSURE
223
00:10:55,488 --> 00:10:57,988
THIS WAY, THIS WAY,
THIS WAY, OR THIS WAY.
224
00:10:58,024 --> 00:10:59,657
SO WE GET LIFT.
225
00:10:59,692 --> 00:11:02,026
LIFT-- IT'S ALL DONE
WITH MOLECULES.
226
00:11:02,062 --> 00:11:03,194
SEE YA.
227
00:11:03,229 --> 00:11:05,062
HERE'S AN EXPERIMENT
YOU CAN TRY
228
00:11:05,098 --> 00:11:06,564
THAT SHOWS THE DIFFERENCE
229
00:11:06,599 --> 00:11:08,633
BETWEEN HIGH AND LOW
AIR PRESSURE.
230
00:11:08,668 --> 00:11:11,236
ALL YOU NEED IS SOME STRING,
TAPE, A STRAW
231
00:11:11,271 --> 00:11:13,804
AND TWO PING-PONG BALLS
HUNG UP LIKE THESE.
232
00:11:13,840 --> 00:11:16,541
TAKE THE STRAW AND BLOW AIR
BETWEEN THE BALLS.
233
00:11:16,576 --> 00:11:18,376
WHAT WILL HAPPEN?
234
00:11:18,411 --> 00:11:20,478
OKAY, SO YOU HAVE
YOUR PING-PONG BALLS SET UP.
235
00:11:20,514 --> 00:11:22,746
WHAT DO YOU THINK WILL HAPPEN?
236
00:11:22,782 --> 00:11:25,783
YOU MIGHT THINK THAT THE AIR
GOING BETWEEN THE BALLS
237
00:11:25,819 --> 00:11:28,586
WILL PUSH THEM APART,
BUT WHEN YOU TRY IT...
238
00:11:29,589 --> 00:11:32,223
THEY GET CLOSER TOGETHER.
239
00:11:32,258 --> 00:11:34,392
THAT'S BECAUSE
THE FAST-MOVING AIR
240
00:11:34,427 --> 00:11:37,628
HAS LOWER SIDEWAYS AIR PRESSURE
THAN SLOW-MOVING AIR.
241
00:11:37,663 --> 00:11:39,997
SO, THE FASTER AIR
GOING BETWEEN THE BALLS
242
00:11:40,033 --> 00:11:41,799
MAKES THE PRESSURE ON THEM
DROP.
243
00:11:41,834 --> 00:11:44,602
SINCE THE AIR OUTSIDE THE BALLS
HAS HIGHER PRESSURE
244
00:11:44,638 --> 00:11:46,604
IT MOVES THE BALLS
CLOSER TOGETHER.
245
00:11:46,640 --> 00:11:48,373
THIS IS CALLED
THE BERNOULLI EFFECT
246
00:11:48,408 --> 00:11:52,177
NAMED AFTER THE SWISS GUY
WHO DISCOVERED THIS PRINCIPLE.
247
00:11:52,212 --> 00:11:53,644
THE BERNOULLI EFFECT
248
00:11:53,680 --> 00:11:55,880
MAKES BIRDS, AIRPLANES,
AND KITES FLY.
249
00:11:55,916 --> 00:12:00,551
SWITZERLAND IS ALSO KNOWN
FOR CHOCOLATES, SWISS CHEESE
250
00:12:00,586 --> 00:12:02,420
AND CUCKOO CLOCKS.
251
00:12:04,224 --> 00:12:07,625
BERNOULLI--
HE WAS ONTO SOMETHING, HUH?
252
00:12:07,660 --> 00:12:10,328
NORTHWEST 7 HEAVY,
READY FOR DEPARTURE.
253
00:12:10,363 --> 00:12:11,729
NORTHWEST 7 HEAVY
254
00:12:11,765 --> 00:12:14,498
RUNWAY 1-6 LEFT,
TAXI IN POSITION...
255
00:12:14,533 --> 00:12:19,303
Laurence Randolph, Jr.:
WHAT I DO FOR A LIVING
256
00:12:19,339 --> 00:12:21,005
IS I'M AN AIR TRAFFIC
CONTROL SPECIALIST.
257
00:12:21,040 --> 00:12:22,740
AIRPORT 21 HEAVY...
258
00:12:25,512 --> 00:12:28,246
RUNWAY 1-6 LEFT
CLEARED FOR TAKEOFF.
259
00:12:28,281 --> 00:12:30,982
Randolph:
THE AIRPLANES TALK TO US
AT ALL TIMES.
260
00:12:31,017 --> 00:12:32,450
FROM THE TIME
261
00:12:32,486 --> 00:12:35,753
THEY PUSH BACK OFF THE GATE,
UNTIL THEY LAND AGAIN
262
00:12:35,788 --> 00:12:40,191
THEY'RE TALKING
TO AN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER.
263
00:12:40,227 --> 00:12:42,894
OUR JOB INVOLVES SCIENCE
EVERY DAY.
264
00:12:42,929 --> 00:12:45,730
WIND 20-0-1-0.
RUNWAY 1-6 CLEARED TO LAND.
265
00:12:45,765 --> 00:12:47,765
I DECIDED TO BE
AN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER
266
00:12:47,800 --> 00:12:48,933
IN THE SIXTH GRADE.
267
00:12:48,969 --> 00:12:51,336
I GOT FASCINATED IN FLIGHT
268
00:12:51,371 --> 00:12:53,604
AND DIFFERENT
SCIENTIFIC FORMULAS.
269
00:12:53,639 --> 00:12:56,541
THEN I FOUND OUT
I HAD TO KNOW ABOUT CLOUDS
270
00:12:56,576 --> 00:12:57,875
AND PRECIPITATION
271
00:12:57,910 --> 00:13:00,345
AND SCIENCE BECAME
MY FAVORITE SUBJECT.
272
00:13:00,380 --> 00:13:02,479
IN FACT, IT WAS MY BEST SUBJECT.
273
00:13:02,515 --> 00:13:04,782
IF YOU FIND OUT
WHAT YOU WANT TO DO
274
00:13:04,817 --> 00:13:06,450
AT A YOUNG ENOUGH AGE
275
00:13:06,485 --> 00:13:09,554
THEN YOU CAN STRIVE FOR IT
WHEN YOU GET OLDER.
276
00:13:09,589 --> 00:13:11,489
ANYONE CAN ACHIEVE A GOAL
277
00:13:11,525 --> 00:13:14,826
IF YOU STRIVE FOR IT
AND PUSH FOR IT HARD ENOUGH.
278
00:13:14,861 --> 00:13:16,960
Announcer:
WRIGHT BROTHERS--
279
00:13:16,996 --> 00:13:20,131
FIRST TO FLY AN AIRPLANE
WITH AN ENGINE.
280
00:13:20,167 --> 00:13:21,933
CHARLES LINDBERGH--
281
00:13:21,968 --> 00:13:25,169
FIRST PERSON TO FLY ALONE
ACROSS THE ATLANTIC.
282
00:13:25,204 --> 00:13:26,570
AMELIA EARHART
283
00:13:26,606 --> 00:13:30,307
FIRST WOMAN TO PILOT A PLANE
ACROSS THE ATLANTIC.
284
00:13:30,343 --> 00:13:33,211
WHAT DO THESE THREE
HAVE IN COMMON?
285
00:13:36,950 --> 00:13:39,950
...THIS WEEK
ON THE JOHNNY LIFT SHOW.
286
00:13:45,458 --> 00:13:47,659
THIS LOOKS LIKE
AN ORDINARY WING.
287
00:13:47,694 --> 00:13:51,262
IT IS AN ORDINARY WING,
ONLY IT'S REALLY SMALL.
288
00:13:51,298 --> 00:13:53,731
SCIENTISTS TEST WINGS,
NOT IN THE WILD
289
00:13:53,766 --> 00:13:56,501
ANYTHING-CAN-HAPPEN
WORLD OF THE OUTDOORS
290
00:13:56,536 --> 00:13:58,102
BUT IN HERE.
291
00:13:58,138 --> 00:14:00,104
THIS IS A WIND TUNNEL.
292
00:14:00,139 --> 00:14:02,606
A TUNNEL WITH WIND!
293
00:14:04,010 --> 00:14:07,345
REMEMBER WHEN WE WERE FLYING
OUR PLASTIC AIRPLANE OF SCIENCE?
294
00:14:07,380 --> 00:14:09,013
IT DIDN'T MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE
295
00:14:09,048 --> 00:14:11,849
WHETHER WE WERE FLYING IT
IN FRONT OF A FAN
296
00:14:11,885 --> 00:14:13,518
OR FLYING IT WITH A TOSS.
297
00:14:13,553 --> 00:14:15,219
THE WINGS LIFT THE SAME WAY.
298
00:14:17,890 --> 00:14:20,825
SEE, PLANES TAKE OFF AND LAND
TOWARD THE WIND.
299
00:14:20,860 --> 00:14:24,061
THAT WAY, WHETHER
THEY'RE SPEEDING UP TO TAKE OFF
300
00:14:24,097 --> 00:14:25,863
OR SLOWING DOWN TO LAND
301
00:14:25,899 --> 00:14:28,532
THERE'S ALREADY AIR
MOVING OVER THE WING.
302
00:14:28,567 --> 00:14:30,335
NOT THAT BAD.
303
00:14:30,370 --> 00:14:32,636
AIRPLANES CAN GET BIG
AND COMPLICATED
304
00:14:32,671 --> 00:14:34,638
AND SOMETIMES LOOK
A LITTLE WEIRD.
305
00:14:34,674 --> 00:14:36,640
SO WE WANT TO MAKE SURE
306
00:14:36,676 --> 00:14:39,277
THEY FLY THE WAY
WE WANT THEM TO.
307
00:14:39,312 --> 00:14:42,646
IT'S EASIER, AND I DARESAY
A LOT LESS EXPENSIVE
308
00:14:42,682 --> 00:14:44,983
TO TEST WINGS
AND AIRPLANES IN HERE
309
00:14:45,018 --> 00:14:47,818
THAN IT IS TO GO
JUST BUILDING ONE
310
00:14:47,853 --> 00:14:49,453
AND SEEING WHAT HAPPENS.
311
00:14:49,488 --> 00:14:52,156
THESE BIG ONES FLY GREAT
312
00:14:52,191 --> 00:14:55,526
AND THEY WERE ALL TESTED
AS MODELS.
313
00:14:55,561 --> 00:14:58,462
SOME PEOPLE ARE AFRAID
THAT AIRPLANES CAN'T FLY
314
00:14:58,497 --> 00:15:01,399
BECAUSE THE AIR THEY FLY THROUGH
IS INVISIBLE.
315
00:15:01,434 --> 00:15:03,568
SO IS THE AIR WE BREATHE.
316
00:15:03,603 --> 00:15:05,370
I MEAN, IT'S JUST AIR.
317
00:15:05,405 --> 00:15:09,340
WE HUMANS HAVE FIGURED OUT WAYS
TO MAKE PRETTY GOOD WINGS
318
00:15:09,376 --> 00:15:12,176
AND THEY DEVELOP DIFFERENCES
IN AIR PRESSURE
319
00:15:12,211 --> 00:15:15,246
AND DIFFERENCES IN AIR PRESSURE,
THAT CREATES...
320
00:15:15,282 --> 00:15:17,915
TO GET LIFT, YOU HAVE
TO HAVE THE WING MOVING.
321
00:15:17,951 --> 00:15:19,917
YOU HAVE TO HAVE THE AIR MOVING.
322
00:15:19,952 --> 00:15:22,753
IT'S LIKE HAVING YOUR FACE
IN FRONT OF A FAN.
323
00:15:22,788 --> 00:15:24,955
OR LIKE
WHEN YOU'RE RIDING A BIKE.
324
00:15:24,991 --> 00:15:29,059
YOU FEEL THE WIND ON YOUR FACE--
THE PRESSURE OF MOVING AIR.
325
00:15:29,095 --> 00:15:30,327
THAT'S WHAT WE CALL...
326
00:15:31,464 --> 00:15:33,464
IT'S WHAT MAKES AIRPLANES FLY.
327
00:15:33,500 --> 00:15:36,601
A HUMAN ON A BICYCLE
IS A VERY EFFICIENT MACHINE.
328
00:15:36,636 --> 00:15:38,002
THERE'S AIRPLANES NOW
329
00:15:38,037 --> 00:15:40,939
THAT YOU ACTUALLY GET IN
AND PEDAL FOR POWER.
330
00:15:42,175 --> 00:15:44,308
THIS IS THE GOSSAMER ALBATROSS.
331
00:15:44,344 --> 00:15:46,843
IT WAS THE FIRST
HUMAN-POWERED AIRPLANE
332
00:15:46,879 --> 00:15:48,979
TO FLY ACROSS
THE ENGLISH CHANNEL.
333
00:15:49,014 --> 00:15:51,415
IT WAS PEDAL-POWERED
BY BRIAN ALLEN.
334
00:15:51,451 --> 00:15:52,950
DON'T KID YOURSELF.
335
00:15:52,985 --> 00:15:54,985
PEDALING HARD AND LONG ENOUGH
336
00:15:55,021 --> 00:15:59,157
TO KEEP AN AIRPLANE LIKE THIS
FLYING IS NO EASY TASK.
337
00:16:08,234 --> 00:16:09,500
Pay attention.
338
00:16:12,305 --> 00:16:14,805
YOU GET A WING
WITH AN ANGLE OF ATTACK...
339
00:16:14,840 --> 00:16:16,007
AND LIFT.
340
00:16:16,042 --> 00:16:17,207
ISN'T THAT AMAZING?
341
00:16:21,080 --> 00:16:22,780
SCIENCE-- CHECK IT OUT.
342
00:16:22,815 --> 00:16:25,782
I HAVE MADE ALMOST
A MILLION OF THEM WITH KIDS.
343
00:16:25,818 --> 00:16:27,485
OKAY, I PUT A LINE HERE.
344
00:16:27,520 --> 00:16:29,720
DID YOU SEE HOW THAT HAPPENED?
345
00:16:29,755 --> 00:16:31,421
WE GOT THAT ONE ALL DONE.
346
00:16:31,457 --> 00:16:32,757
AND THERE IT IS.
347
00:16:34,661 --> 00:16:35,492
AIR PRESSURE.
348
00:16:36,463 --> 00:16:37,494
WIND.
349
00:16:38,598 --> 00:16:39,463
LIFT.
350
00:16:40,333 --> 00:16:41,866
THIS IS SCIENCE.
351
00:16:41,901 --> 00:16:43,200
( hums fanfare )
352
00:16:43,235 --> 00:16:45,570
WE GOT ALL OF THEM
UP IN THE AIR.
353
00:16:45,605 --> 00:16:46,603
( hums fanfare )
354
00:16:46,639 --> 00:16:47,505
THEY'RE FLYING.
355
00:16:58,885 --> 00:17:00,217
THEY'RE FLYING. THEY'RE FLYING.
356
00:17:00,253 --> 00:17:01,418
CHECK IT OUT.
357
00:17:02,321 --> 00:17:03,487
SCIENCE IS COOL.
358
00:17:03,522 --> 00:17:05,489
( hums fanfare )
359
00:17:40,893 --> 00:17:42,760
WINGS WILL MAINTAIN LIFT
360
00:17:42,795 --> 00:17:45,796
AS LONG AS THEY HAVE
AN ANGLE OF ATTACK.
361
00:17:45,831 --> 00:17:47,898
LOOK IN HERE.
362
00:17:59,912 --> 00:18:02,213
NOT BAD, HUH?
363
00:18:08,754 --> 00:18:11,756
HELICOPTER ROTORS
WORK JUST LIKE AIRPLANE WINGS.
364
00:18:11,791 --> 00:18:14,692
INSTEAD OF FLYING STRAIGHT
THROUGH THE AIR, THOUGH
365
00:18:14,727 --> 00:18:16,527
THEY ALSO SPIN IN A CIRCLE.
366
00:18:16,562 --> 00:18:19,030
THEY DEVELOP DIFFERENCES
IN AIR PRESSURE
367
00:18:19,065 --> 00:18:20,364
AND THAT DEVELOPS LIFT.
368
00:18:20,399 --> 00:18:22,166
THEY WORK GREAT!
369
00:18:25,671 --> 00:18:27,872
HELICOPTERS HAVE WINGS
THAT SPIN.
370
00:18:27,907 --> 00:18:30,841
HERE'S HOW YOU CAN MAKE
YOUR OWN HELICOPTER.
371
00:18:30,876 --> 00:18:34,311
YOU'LL NEED A PIECE
OF CARDBOARD, LIKE A CEREAL BOX
372
00:18:34,346 --> 00:18:38,682
A PAIR OF SCISSORS,
SOME TAPE, AND A PENCIL.
373
00:18:38,718 --> 00:18:40,851
ANYWAY, HERE'S WHAT YOU DO.
374
00:18:40,887 --> 00:18:44,555
CUT YOUR HELICOPTER ROTOR BLADES
OF SCIENCE LIKE THIS--
375
00:18:44,591 --> 00:18:47,992
NOTCH IT IN FOUR PLACES,
HERE, HERE, HERE, AND HERE.
376
00:18:48,027 --> 00:18:51,228
BEND IT AT THE END OF THE WING
IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS
377
00:18:51,263 --> 00:18:54,098
TAPE IT TO YOUR PENCIL,
AND YOU'RE READY TO GO.
378
00:18:54,134 --> 00:18:55,533
TAKE YOUR HELICOPTER
379
00:18:55,568 --> 00:18:57,201
AND SPIN IT.
380
00:19:00,606 --> 00:19:02,473
SEE? IT FLIES.
381
00:19:02,508 --> 00:19:04,742
IT WORKS JUST LIKE A REAL ONE.
382
00:19:04,777 --> 00:19:07,378
HERE'S ANOTHER
TYPE OF HELICOPTER.
383
00:19:07,413 --> 00:19:09,479
CUT A PIECE OF PAPER LIKE THIS.
384
00:19:09,515 --> 00:19:11,949
FOLD THESE TWO FLAPS DOWN
LIKE THIS.
385
00:19:11,984 --> 00:19:15,619
PUT A PAPER CLIP ON THE BOTTOM,
AND WATCH IT FLY.
386
00:19:15,654 --> 00:19:17,955
Both:
HELICOPTERS!
387
00:19:17,991 --> 00:19:19,456
SCIENCE!
388
00:19:23,262 --> 00:19:26,397
( heavy metal rock intro )
389
00:19:36,075 --> 00:19:40,511
♪ THE KITES AND PLANES
AND BUTTERFLIES ♪
390
00:19:40,546 --> 00:19:42,379
♪ HAVE THINGS IN COMMON ♪
391
00:19:42,415 --> 00:19:43,914
♪ ONE'S THE SKY ♪
392
00:19:43,950 --> 00:19:48,619
♪ THEY ALL CAN SAIL
THROUGH THE AIR ♪
393
00:19:48,655 --> 00:19:51,789
♪ AND BIRDS CAN, TOO,
WITHOUT A CARE ♪
394
00:19:51,824 --> 00:19:55,793
♪ PRESSURE, PRESSURE, PRESSURE,
PRESSURE ♪
395
00:19:55,828 --> 00:19:58,996
♪ PRESSURE, PRESSURE, PRESSURE ♪
396
00:19:59,031 --> 00:20:01,499
♪ AIR HAS PRESSURE ♪
397
00:20:01,534 --> 00:20:05,403
♪ AND IT'S MOVING
ALL AROUND US ♪
398
00:20:05,438 --> 00:20:06,604
♪ AND IT'S GROOVING ♪
399
00:20:06,639 --> 00:20:10,874
♪ NOW THESE CHANGES
IN AIR PRESSURE ♪
400
00:20:10,909 --> 00:20:15,946
♪ CREATE LIFT
THAT WE CAN MEASURE, YEAH ♪
401
00:20:24,390 --> 00:20:26,924
♪ WINGS ARE THE THINGS ♪
402
00:20:26,959 --> 00:20:28,225
♪ ALTHOUGH NOT LAST ♪
403
00:20:28,260 --> 00:20:32,496
♪ THE AIR ABOVE THEM
MOVES SO FAST ♪
404
00:20:32,532 --> 00:20:36,367
♪ TRAPPED AIR BENEATH THEM
MOVES REAL SLOW ♪
405
00:20:36,402 --> 00:20:40,504
♪ CREATES HIGH PRESSURE
TO LIFT AND GO ♪
406
00:20:40,540 --> 00:20:44,508
♪ PRESSURE, PRESSURE, PRESSURE,
PRESSURE ♪
407
00:20:44,544 --> 00:20:48,378
♪ PRESSURE, PRESSURE, PRESSURE ♪
408
00:20:48,413 --> 00:20:50,080
♪ AIR HAS PRESSURE ♪
409
00:20:50,115 --> 00:20:53,884
♪ AND IT'S MOVING
ALL AROUND US ♪
410
00:20:53,919 --> 00:20:56,019
♪ AND IT'S GROOVING ♪
411
00:20:56,055 --> 00:20:59,890
♪ NOW THESE CHANGES
IN AIR PRESSURE ♪
412
00:20:59,925 --> 00:21:03,393
♪ CREATE LIFT
THAT WE CAN MEASURE ♪
413
00:21:03,429 --> 00:21:08,165
♪ AIR PRESSURE, AIR PRESSURE ♪
414
00:21:08,201 --> 00:21:12,303
♪ AIR PRESSURE, AIR PRESSURE ♪
415
00:21:12,338 --> 00:21:17,408
♪ AIR PRESSURE. ♪
416
00:21:19,479 --> 00:21:23,581
NOW YOU KNOW HOW BIRDS, BATS,
BUTTERFLIES AND AIRPLANES FLY.
417
00:21:23,616 --> 00:21:25,416
BASICALLY, IT'S THREE THINGS.
418
00:21:26,151 --> 00:21:27,384
AIR HAS PRESSURE.
419
00:21:29,521 --> 00:21:31,154
TO GET THINGS TO FLY
420
00:21:31,190 --> 00:21:33,423
WE WANT DIFFERENCES
IN AIR PRESSURE.
421
00:21:33,459 --> 00:21:34,425
THOSE DIFFERENCES COME FROM
422
00:21:34,460 --> 00:21:35,726
BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE.
423
00:21:35,761 --> 00:21:36,893
REMEMBER, THE SWISS GUY?
424
00:21:36,929 --> 00:21:39,363
AS MOLECULES OF AIR GO THIS WAY
425
00:21:39,398 --> 00:21:41,432
THEY DON'T EXERT
AS MUCH PRESSURE
426
00:21:41,467 --> 00:21:43,367
THIS WAY OR THIS WAY.
427
00:21:43,402 --> 00:21:46,002
REMEMBER BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE?
THE SWISS GUY WITH THE CHEESE.
428
00:21:46,939 --> 00:21:50,006
WHEN YOU GIVE A WING
AN ANGLE OF ATTACK
429
00:21:50,042 --> 00:21:51,741
THEN BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE
COMES IN
430
00:21:51,777 --> 00:21:55,779
AND MAKES LOW PRESSURE ON TOP
AND HIGH PRESSURE ON THE BOTTOM.
431
00:21:55,815 --> 00:21:56,814
THAT CREATES...
432
00:21:58,584 --> 00:22:01,785
I'VE GOT SOME SERIOUS
ANGLES OF ATTACK TO DEVELOP.
433
00:22:01,821 --> 00:22:02,919
GOTTA FLY.
434
00:22:02,955 --> 00:22:05,122
BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUY.
435
00:22:05,157 --> 00:22:06,356
SEE YA!
436
00:22:06,391 --> 00:22:10,460
PRODUCED IN ASSOCIATION WITH
THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.
437
00:22:10,496 --> 00:22:13,564
♪ BILL, BILL, BILL, BILL,
BILL, BILL ♪
438
00:22:18,738 --> 00:22:21,738
♪ BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUY ♪
439
00:22:21,774 --> 00:22:24,475
♪ BILL, BILL, BILL, BILL,
BILL, BILL ♪
440
00:22:24,510 --> 00:22:28,479
Captioning sponsored by
DISNEY EDUCATIONAL PRODUCTIONS
441
00:22:28,514 --> 00:22:32,482
Captioned by
Media Access Group at WGBH
access.wgbh.org
442
00:22:37,023 --> 00:22:39,990
♪ BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUY ♪
443
00:22:40,025 --> 00:22:42,693
♪ BILL, BILL, BILL, BILL,
BILL, BILL ♪
444
00:22:47,867 --> 00:22:50,501
♪ BILL NYE THE SCIENCE GUY ♪
445
00:22:50,536 --> 00:22:53,103
♪ BILL, BILL, BILL, BILL,
BILL, BILL. ♪30998
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