All language subtitles for The.New.Frontier.S04E03.1080p.AMZN.WEB-DL.DDP2.0.H.264-ISA_track3_[eng]

(rocket engine roaring)

- [Narrator] It won't be
long now before you too

can enjoy a view like this.

(futuristic music)

Economy or business class?

There will be a variety of
choices of carrier and cabin.

(futuristic music)

The view will be spectacular.

(futuristic music)

(rocket engine roaring)

(fast paced energetic music)

(light music)

This is the traditional way to orbit,

A Russian Soyuz launched from Kazakhstan.

Nassau has to pay in the area

of 70 million dollars per seat return trip

and prices are about to go up.

Only the Chinese have an
alternative launch system.

Very shortly there will be two carriers

taking tourists into space
on sub-orbital flights.

Blue Origin will probably launch first

with their capsule and reusable launcher.

(energetic music)

Next will be Virgin Galactic

and their suborbital space plane,

launched from beneath a carrier aircraft

and landing like one too.

Although, to what altitude
is still not known.

(rocket engine roaring)

(light music)

Then, you have America's return to space

with it's two commercial partners.

(light music)

Boeing have their CST Starliner,

the first launch capable capsule

already off the assembly line.

Looking every bit like
an Apollo spacecraft,

it will be able to ferry
crew to and from the ISS.

(light music)

An unmanned test launch to
the Space Station is eminent.

And the crew has been picked to undertake

the first few missions.

(light music)

(futuristic music)

Their stand out
competitor's our Space Eggs

and their manned Dragon capsule,

performing the same vital service.

(futuristic music)

Their hedging their bets in
the tourist sector as well,

with their BFR concept naming
their first paying customer.

(futuristic music)

(applauding, hooting)

- Thank you all.

Thank you everyone.

(continued applause)

Wow, I am from Japan.

My name is Yusaku Maezawa.

You can call me MZ, please.

(futuristic music)

(rocket engine roaring)

- [Narrator] After the success

of the Falcon Heavy maiden launch

Space X is ramping up
design and construction

of it's even larger rocket ship to Mars.

(futuristic music)

(rocket engine roaring)

(futuristic music)

(rocket engine roaring)

However, the two other commercial entities

aren't resting on their launchers either.

Jeff Bezo's Blue Origin has developed

its BE4 engine to power an
orbital delivery system.

And they have the U.S. Air Force on board.

(futuristic music)

Not to be left out of the market,

Virgin has also developed a
small pay load orbital system,

Virgin Orbit with its Launcher One.

(truck engine idling)

(light music)

Flown to thirty five thousand feet

slung beneath Cosmic Girl, a Virgin 747,

the two stage rocket can

lift up to 500 kilograms into orbit,

at an inclination of 120 degrees.

(futuristic music)

Dream Chaser is still in the running

with a pilotless shuttle
still under development

for long duration orbits.

(futuristic music)

The late Microsoft founder,

Paul Allen's company, Stratolaunch,

has unveiled the largest
aircraft in the world.

A scaled up air born launch platform

with multiple payloads from
the existing Pegasis Rocket,

to a medium and heavy launch vehicle,

and their re-usable Space
Plane in the future.

(futuristic music)

In the meantime, there is no shortage

of conventional launch systems

competing for their share of the market,

from the USA, Europe, China, India, Japan,

even Israel and New Zealand.

(high intensity music)

(rocket engine roaring)

(high intensity music)

(futuristic music)

(rocket engine roaring)

The key to any launch system
is, of course, the engine.

The smaller, lighter and
more powerful the better.

They pose many design problems,

fuel type, re-ignitable,
chamber pressure limits,

sea level or vacuum exhaust, nozzle shape.

But above all, the liability and cost.

This is the Avio Rocket
factory in Colleferro, Italy.

Here engineers are developing
the carbon fiber casing

for the solid propellant
rocket stages of ESA's

new Vega-C launcher.

To build them, 5000
kilometers of carbon fiber

impregnated with epoxy
resin is wound around

a pre-made metal mandrel.

This produces the very light weight,

but sturdy casings for the
first, second and third stages

of the Vega launcher.

These casings are later
fitted with an engine

and loaded with solvent propellant.

One of these solid propulsion
engines is the P120C.

It was recently successfully
tested in (mumbles)

and is the largest and most powerful

monolithic solid propulsion
rocket ever built.

(somber music)

With this new rocket, ESA hopes to respond

to launcher market demands.

The agency is also looking
for value for money.

This new engine is designed

with the latest immersive technology

and leading edge materials and processes.

(somber music)

Mass production will
bring down the unit cost,

but the design is for both Vega-C

and the strap on boosters for Arion 6.

(somber music)

- So certainly in the launcher sector

the competition is growing world wide.

But we believe that the European answer,

the ESA answer with Vega-C and
Arion 6, is the right answer.

In an aggressive manner we
are trying to make things

more and more competitive.

One of these examples is
the joint solid rocket motor

that we are developing
across the two programs,

the Vega-C and the Arion 6.

The P120C solid rocket motor,

that enables the possibility
to harmonize resources

and to have the same
motor serving the Vega-C

as a first stage, as well as the Arion 6,

in both configuration
as a strap on boosters.

So, this is a very good answer

to tackle the competitiveness aspect.

(somber music)

- [Narrator] With Vega-C, the
c stands for consilidation,

ESA is further developing Vega.

It will add increased performance

to the flexibility of the current system

without increasing the cost.

Today Vega can launch up to 1.5 tons

on a 700 kilometer orbit.

With Vega-C it will go up to 2.3 tons.

(rocket engine roaring)

In order to increase performance

two new solid propulsion
engines have been developed.

The B120C and the Zefiro
40 for the second stage.

(somber music)

- It is clear that whatever we develop

has an exploitation objective.

So we do not develop rockets
just for the fun of it.

But, we develop rockets
that need to be exploitable,

therefore, competitive
in the world wide market.

And that's the way we're
working hand and hand

with industry to prepare them

to walk on their legs in the future

throughout the exploitation phase.

- [Narrator] Two other
enhancements are made

with AVUM+ which is derived

from the current VEGA's AVUM upper stage.

Investing in new rocket motors also means

investing in new launch facilities.

- We have foreseen a lot of activities

to modify the launch site
from the VEGA configuration

to the VEGA-C configuration.

The VEGA-C is a heavy
loader and length launcher

with respect to the VEGA-1.

So, for this reason, we have to modify

the actions to the stages
increasing the diameter

for what concerns the first stage.

- [Narrator] Other changes
include modified fluid services

and installation of a more powerful crane

needed to lift the heavier
second stage of VEGA-C.

During these modifications,

the site has to remain operational

for the scheduled VEGA launches.

In the end, the launch
site will be compatible

with both launchers.

With VEGA-C , ESA is also
working on related products

such as the Space Rider,

based on ESA's experimental
re-entry vehicle, IXV.

It should allow for payloads
to be sent into orbit

and later returned to Earth.

- In addition to this, we
have other products like

a specific adaptor for
launching into orbit

a small spacecraft, so
enabling the possibility

of universities and research
centers to access space

at limited cost, so
coping with the payloads

which go from one kilogram
up to 500 kilograms.

We also have early elements of definition

of a platform called VENUS,

which could allow payloads to
transfer from orbit to orbit.

(energetic music)

- [Narrator] One unit which
has been around for years

and is still the Ferrari of rocket motors

is the Space Shuttle main engine.

(energetic music)

Four of them will be mounted

on the long awaited space launch system.

Reusing proven shuttle technology
has saved time and money.

The solid rocket boosters
have been extended and tested.

(energetic music)

(rocket engine roaring)

(energetic music)

The Aerojet Rocketdyne RS25 motors

continue to roll off the assembly line.

(energetic music)

(rocket engine roaring)

(energetic music)

(rocket engine roaring)

Fabrication of the immense components,

cryogenic tanks, (mumbles)
tanks and fairings continues.

(energetic music)

The Orion capsule has flown once.

The second flight ready
capsule is being prepared

for the grand show.

(energetic music)

(futuristic music)

There is one more critical
piece of care required.

Perhaps one of the most important sections

for keeping the astronauts
alive, the Service Module.

(futuristic music)

At Airbus in Europe, they have delivered

the first flight ready
unit for the launch.

(futuristic music)

The European component will
house the electrical power,

life support and propulsion
unit for the Orion spacecraft.

And, like a giant pocket
watch, every component

is carefully and painstakingly assembled.

(futuristic music)

- The European service module is part of

an entire spacecraft built
by an American company,

Lockheed Martin, under
the contract of NASA .

And we're part of that spacecraft,

NASA Lockheed Martin is building.

We're providing the
European Service Module.

We're providing the powerhouse
of that entire spacecraft.

That means we are providing
the propulsion system,

so the thrust, to get
into the dedicated orbit

we would like to fly with the spacecraft.

We're providing the air
condition, I'm saying,

that's the thermal control
system of the entire spacecraft.

We take care of the heat,
which has been generated

in the capsule, which has been generated

out of several ectonic components

in the European Service Module as well.

And we are making sure that that heat

get radiated into the
outside of that spacecraft.

On top of this we are generating power.

Our solar (mumbles) wings
are producing that power.

We are conditioning that power.

And deliver that to the cool module

and deliver that to the batteries

which are located inside the (mumbles).

(rocket engine roaring)

And finally, we are also providing

what the astronaut need to have
to live in that spacecraft.

That's mainly water, in
terms of for the consumables,

and that's oxygen and nitrogen
to generate the atmosphere,

in the crew module itself.

(energetic music)

(rocket engine roaring)

(background voices)

On the power side we're
proud that we have installed

hardware which has already been flown

several years ago on a shuttle.

So the big engine we are
flying here, the (mumbles),

was a challenge for us to
bring that into the vehicle.

It is not new technology, in that sense,

but the integration itself,
that was really for us

a challenge for us that was new.

(energetic music)

(conversation)

We're preparing ourselves to be ready

for the final integration
with the rest of the vehicle.

And then we're ready for
test campaign in the US,

which is including several
environmental tests,

several functional tests.

The last couple of
months, up to that point

where the NASA team is
handing over the spacecraft

to GSDO, to the launch campaign,

so that the vehicle can
be put onto the launcher

and then we are ready for flight.

(energetic music)

- The first engine is the big engine

which is coming from the Space Shuttle.

With this big engine we
perform the big transition,

(mumbles), to go to the Moon
or to go back to the Earth.

So we can see here the auxiliary
thruster, which are red.

We have eight of them,
coming from (mumbles).

Here we have the (mumbles),
so the main engine.

But without the (mumbles),
which would be integrated

in one of the latest integration step.

We can see here the propellant tanks.

We have four of them.

Two for each propellant.

- ATV basically, the
automated transport vehicle

here in Europe played a
role, a significant role

in terms of opening the
door for that specific

joined work on that spacecraft.

It also played a role that
we learned our lessons

with kind of that Service Module.

Finally the components
we have flown on ATV,

their not so many which we carry on

in the Orion European Service Module.

We have a couple of them,

mainly auxiliary thrusters.

Yes, on the RCS thrusters,

and also a couple of tanks
like our (mumbles) tanks,

but there are just a few items

which we carry on from ATV

into the European Service Module design.

- The difficulty here for
the human space flight

is the change of mindset.

So to think that we are
here in this space mission,

we are flying human and it's not like

a rocket, which is only
flying with a satellite.

Therefore, we are putting more
effort on the safety aspect.

We have a lot of redundancy.

Each change we introduce
the smallest change

we introduce in our system,
has to go to Safety Boards.

Our Safety Board is a
safety board and then

the program Safety Board, to be sure that

we can bring the crew back home safe.

(energetic music)

(rocket engine roaring)

- [Narrator] With Orion and
the service module certified

this sky won't be the limit.

(energetic music)

We will see ships refueling in orbit,

a gateway station with
a return to the moon,

then onto Mars and beyond.

(energetic music)

Opening space to industry and exploration,

space flight will become the norm,

rather than the exception.

Mining and manufacturing in orbit,

power production and habitats.

(energetic music)

(light music)

One day it might be as
easy as driving to work

in that red convertible of yours.

(energetic music0

(futuristic music)