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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,044 --> 00:00:04,594 WILLIAM SHATNER: Deadly falls from incredible heights. 2 00:00:04,713 --> 00:00:08,933 Lightning strikes packed with devastating power. 3 00:00:09,593 --> 00:00:13,303 And lethal brain injuries that should mean 4 00:00:13,388 --> 00:00:14,718 certain death. 5 00:00:14,848 --> 00:00:16,808 (siren wailing) 6 00:00:16,892 --> 00:00:20,442 How are some people able to beat the odds 7 00:00:20,562 --> 00:00:22,562 and survive the impossible? 8 00:00:22,648 --> 00:00:25,068 Is it blind luck? 9 00:00:25,192 --> 00:00:28,362 A combination of instinct and quick thinking? 10 00:00:28,445 --> 00:00:31,945 Or could it even be... 11 00:00:32,074 --> 00:00:33,874 divine intervention? 12 00:00:35,494 --> 00:00:38,414 Well, that is what we’ll try and find out. 13 00:00:38,497 --> 00:00:40,537 ♪ ♪ 14 00:01:01,770 --> 00:01:06,980 29-year-old engineer Tsutomu Yamaguchi is walking to work... 15 00:01:08,110 --> 00:01:09,990 when a blinding flash, 16 00:01:10,112 --> 00:01:13,242 brighter than the Sun, fills the sky. 17 00:01:15,742 --> 00:01:17,202 He doesn’t know it yet, 18 00:01:17,286 --> 00:01:18,826 but the world’s first atomic bomb 19 00:01:18,954 --> 00:01:21,334 has just exploded over the city 20 00:01:21,456 --> 00:01:24,826 with the force of 15,000 tons of TNT, 21 00:01:24,960 --> 00:01:28,420 creating a massive shockwave... 22 00:01:29,339 --> 00:01:33,429 that disintegrates everything in its path. 23 00:01:36,096 --> 00:01:39,426 MICHIO KAKU: Instinctively, Tsutomu Yamaguchi raced into a ditch 24 00:01:39,516 --> 00:01:42,186 as an atomic fireball 25 00:01:42,311 --> 00:01:46,311 began to pulverize almost everything in sight... 26 00:01:47,024 --> 00:01:50,694 like a gigantic hand from outer space coming down, 27 00:01:50,819 --> 00:01:52,359 crushing everything, 28 00:01:52,487 --> 00:01:55,407 blowing all structures away. 29 00:01:59,369 --> 00:02:01,449 SHATNER: The bomb that exploded over Hiroshima 30 00:02:01,538 --> 00:02:04,458 was the most destructive force ever unleashed in history. 31 00:02:06,001 --> 00:02:08,841 80,000 people died instantly, 32 00:02:08,962 --> 00:02:11,302 as temperatures approaching the surface of the Sun 33 00:02:11,381 --> 00:02:13,421 vaporized their bodies 34 00:02:13,508 --> 00:02:16,718 and bathed the city in lethal radiation. 35 00:02:16,845 --> 00:02:18,715 But, astoundingly, 36 00:02:18,847 --> 00:02:21,977 despite being less than two miles from ground zero, 37 00:02:22,059 --> 00:02:26,229 Mr. Yamaguchi somehow survived. 38 00:02:43,205 --> 00:02:45,545 KAKU: There is ash falling from the sky. 39 00:02:45,666 --> 00:02:49,836 And he realizes that his eardrums have been shattered 40 00:02:49,920 --> 00:02:51,840 and that he was burned 41 00:02:51,922 --> 00:02:55,972 by the enormous amount of heat that came out of the blast. 42 00:02:57,469 --> 00:03:00,179 He got a thousand times 43 00:03:00,263 --> 00:03:04,273 the dose of radiation that we experience in one year 44 00:03:04,393 --> 00:03:07,983 simply by walking on the surface of the Earth. 45 00:03:09,731 --> 00:03:12,361 Anyone who was in that type of a radius 46 00:03:12,442 --> 00:03:15,742 from, uh, an atomic bomb would experience 47 00:03:15,862 --> 00:03:20,412 anywhere from 95% to 98% chance of dying 48 00:03:20,534 --> 00:03:23,454 due to all the different dimensions of injury 49 00:03:23,578 --> 00:03:25,038 that are possible. 50 00:03:26,289 --> 00:03:28,209 SHATNER: Tsutomu Yamaguchi’s survival 51 00:03:28,291 --> 00:03:30,881 of the nuclear devastation at Hiroshima 52 00:03:30,961 --> 00:03:33,711 is almost impossible to fathom. 53 00:03:33,797 --> 00:03:37,377 But what’s even more unbelievable is that, 54 00:03:37,467 --> 00:03:39,427 just three days later, 55 00:03:39,511 --> 00:03:42,511 on August 9, 1945, 56 00:03:42,597 --> 00:03:44,967 he did it again. 57 00:03:45,100 --> 00:03:47,600 Yamaguchi is from Nagasaki. 58 00:03:47,728 --> 00:03:49,438 After being atomic bombed, 59 00:03:49,521 --> 00:03:51,481 he wants to go back to meet his family. 60 00:03:52,774 --> 00:03:54,194 So he gets on a train, 61 00:03:54,276 --> 00:03:58,486 travels 186 miles from Hiroshima to Nagasaki. 62 00:03:58,613 --> 00:04:00,663 And then, for a second time, 63 00:04:00,782 --> 00:04:03,662 he sees this flash of light 64 00:04:03,785 --> 00:04:06,535 coming from an atomic detonation... 65 00:04:06,621 --> 00:04:08,671 The Nagasaki bomb. 66 00:04:08,790 --> 00:04:12,130 And there’s a repeat of the tragedy. 67 00:04:37,152 --> 00:04:41,572 SHATNER: More than 75,000 people died in the Nagasaki bombing. 68 00:04:42,574 --> 00:04:44,034 Yet, once again, 69 00:04:44,159 --> 00:04:46,489 Tsutomu Yamaguchi walked away 70 00:04:46,578 --> 00:04:50,538 from a deadly nuclear blast with only minor injuries. 71 00:04:50,665 --> 00:04:52,665 Even more incredibly, 72 00:04:52,793 --> 00:04:55,553 despite being exposed to a lethal dose of radiation 73 00:04:55,670 --> 00:04:58,010 for the second time in three days, 74 00:04:58,089 --> 00:05:00,589 he lived an otherwise healthy life 75 00:05:00,675 --> 00:05:04,215 before finally dying at the age of 93. 76 00:05:05,055 --> 00:05:07,645 Those two quick doses of radiation, 77 00:05:07,724 --> 00:05:09,314 within three days of each other, 78 00:05:09,392 --> 00:05:11,772 um, is-is absolutely terrible. 79 00:05:11,853 --> 00:05:14,063 Uh, you would think it would have... 80 00:05:14,189 --> 00:05:16,519 destroyed his-his body, his internal organs. 81 00:05:17,859 --> 00:05:20,899 But, somehow, this man had a system 82 00:05:21,029 --> 00:05:23,069 that was able to withstand it. 83 00:05:23,198 --> 00:05:27,328 And so it shows that there’s a lot more going on 84 00:05:27,410 --> 00:05:29,080 with our bodies, and they’re capable 85 00:05:29,204 --> 00:05:31,254 of a lot more than we may realize. 86 00:05:31,373 --> 00:05:34,293 It just takes these extraordinary circumstances 87 00:05:34,376 --> 00:05:36,086 to show us that. 88 00:05:36,878 --> 00:05:38,378 From a medical perspective, 89 00:05:38,505 --> 00:05:41,225 it defies all of the science that we know. 90 00:05:42,259 --> 00:05:44,429 There has to be another facet, 91 00:05:44,553 --> 00:05:46,433 like his will to live. 92 00:05:46,555 --> 00:05:50,065 And, who knows, maybe that element of will 93 00:05:50,183 --> 00:05:52,103 that can’t be quantified by science 94 00:05:52,227 --> 00:05:53,847 had something to do with it. 95 00:05:55,272 --> 00:05:59,322 SHATNER: Tsutomu Yamaguchi’s survival would appear to defy all logic, 96 00:05:59,401 --> 00:06:03,741 which is perhaps why some people attribute it to fate. 97 00:06:04,739 --> 00:06:06,425 RAMANI DURVASULA: When we’re thinking about survival, 98 00:06:06,449 --> 00:06:08,279 fate and destiny are so interesting, 99 00:06:08,410 --> 00:06:10,200 because they’re beliefs that have been held 100 00:06:10,287 --> 00:06:13,457 by societies as long as we’ve had, sort of, recorded history. 101 00:06:15,250 --> 00:06:17,290 We can look at the ancient Greeks, 102 00:06:17,419 --> 00:06:19,709 where a lot of the philosophies were really about 103 00:06:19,796 --> 00:06:22,126 the gods on Mount Olympus sort of rolling the dice 104 00:06:22,257 --> 00:06:25,757 and determining the fates for the lowly humans underneath. 105 00:06:25,886 --> 00:06:27,966 We could look at Hinduism, 106 00:06:28,096 --> 00:06:30,966 where the concept of karma has often been sort of conflated 107 00:06:31,099 --> 00:06:32,809 with a model of fate. 108 00:06:32,934 --> 00:06:34,444 And I think that makes sense, 109 00:06:34,561 --> 00:06:39,571 given how people who survive disasters of any kind 110 00:06:39,649 --> 00:06:42,819 and really, by all odds, should have died, 111 00:06:42,944 --> 00:06:44,784 it’s really a miracle 112 00:06:44,863 --> 00:06:47,823 watching them walk out of these situations. 113 00:06:47,949 --> 00:06:49,659 One of the systems of meaning 114 00:06:49,784 --> 00:06:52,454 that those people will find themselves in is to say, 115 00:06:52,537 --> 00:06:54,457 "There was a plan for me." 116 00:06:55,624 --> 00:06:59,004 SHATNER: Is it really possible that Tsutomu Yamaguchi 117 00:06:59,127 --> 00:07:01,797 was destined to withstand the bombings 118 00:07:01,922 --> 00:07:05,012 at Hiroshima and Nagasaki? 119 00:07:05,133 --> 00:07:08,683 Perhaps the answer can be found by examining another survivor 120 00:07:08,803 --> 00:07:12,683 who overcame impossible odds not just twice 121 00:07:12,807 --> 00:07:17,057 but an astonishing four times. 122 00:07:25,612 --> 00:07:29,532 Deep within the bowels of the luxury liner RMS Titanic, 123 00:07:29,658 --> 00:07:32,988 Arthur John Priest is shoveling coal 124 00:07:33,078 --> 00:07:35,198 into the vessel’s massive boilers... 125 00:07:37,165 --> 00:07:39,375 when it strikes a 400-foot iceberg. 126 00:07:40,835 --> 00:07:42,125 The hull rips open, 127 00:07:42,212 --> 00:07:45,722 and Priest is plunged into darkness 128 00:07:45,840 --> 00:07:48,050 as the boiler room instantly floods 129 00:07:48,176 --> 00:07:50,676 with the icy waters of the North Atlantic. 130 00:07:50,804 --> 00:07:52,564 These areas where Priest was working 131 00:07:52,681 --> 00:07:53,991 and the other firemen are working, 132 00:07:54,015 --> 00:07:55,175 they’re below the waterline. 133 00:07:55,266 --> 00:07:56,176 They’re the most vulnerable. 134 00:07:56,267 --> 00:07:58,057 (men shouting) 135 00:07:58,186 --> 00:08:02,106 The water’s gonna come in at a very fast rate of flooding. 136 00:08:02,190 --> 00:08:04,190 The chances of survival are very slim. 137 00:08:05,193 --> 00:08:08,033 COYNE: Somehow, with the ship damaged, 138 00:08:08,113 --> 00:08:10,033 breaking apart... 139 00:08:11,032 --> 00:08:14,872 he still managed to get from below deck and escape. 140 00:08:17,372 --> 00:08:19,042 And, guys in his role, 141 00:08:19,165 --> 00:08:22,075 a lot of ’em didn’t get to make it onto the life rafts. 142 00:08:24,254 --> 00:08:26,014 So, he gets in the water 143 00:08:26,089 --> 00:08:30,429 and survives 28-degree water temperatures, 144 00:08:30,552 --> 00:08:32,892 these ungodly, uh, below freezing water temperatures. 145 00:08:34,764 --> 00:08:36,364 BARNETTE: Available information indicates 146 00:08:36,391 --> 00:08:39,771 that Arthur John Priest swam up to 30 minutes 147 00:08:39,894 --> 00:08:42,194 before safely boarding a lifeboat. 148 00:08:43,356 --> 00:08:46,356 So, seems like a pretty remarkable feat to survive, 149 00:08:46,443 --> 00:08:50,283 given the tragic loss of life involved with the Titanic. 150 00:08:50,405 --> 00:08:52,955 SHATNER: Surviving the Titanic is incredible enough. 151 00:08:53,074 --> 00:08:57,584 But what’s truly remarkable about Arthur John Priest 152 00:08:57,662 --> 00:09:00,252 is the fact that, over the next five years, 153 00:09:00,373 --> 00:09:04,793 he endured three more catastrophic shipwrecks. 154 00:09:05,712 --> 00:09:09,052 Priest survived four sinkings between 1912 and 1917. 155 00:09:10,592 --> 00:09:13,262 He not only survived the Titanic, 156 00:09:13,386 --> 00:09:16,806 but then he was also involved in the sinking of the Alcantara, 157 00:09:16,931 --> 00:09:19,061 1916. 158 00:09:19,893 --> 00:09:21,893 He next moved on to the Britannic, 159 00:09:21,978 --> 00:09:25,978 which also sank in the later part of the year. 160 00:09:27,275 --> 00:09:29,378 His last ship that he served upon was another hospital ship, 161 00:09:29,402 --> 00:09:30,442 the Donegal... 162 00:09:31,488 --> 00:09:33,488 which was torpedoed by a German U-boat 163 00:09:33,615 --> 00:09:35,955 in the English Channel in 1917. 164 00:09:36,951 --> 00:09:40,541 For Mr. Priest to survive all four of these shipwrecks, 165 00:09:40,622 --> 00:09:42,502 it seems like something was looking out for him. 166 00:09:43,416 --> 00:09:46,336 Because it definitely defies the odds. 167 00:09:46,461 --> 00:09:49,261 Luck, serendipity, whatever it is, 168 00:09:49,339 --> 00:09:52,839 I think our bodies and minds can take us very, very far, 169 00:09:52,967 --> 00:09:54,647 but, at a certain point, you just got to... 170 00:09:54,677 --> 00:09:56,717 you really got to hope for the best. 171 00:09:59,474 --> 00:10:03,484 Are some people destined to cheat death? 172 00:10:03,603 --> 00:10:05,273 Certain stories definitely make you wonder 173 00:10:05,355 --> 00:10:06,485 whether it’s possible. 174 00:10:06,606 --> 00:10:08,316 However, there are those who believe 175 00:10:08,399 --> 00:10:12,649 that some stories of survival are not due to fate 176 00:10:12,737 --> 00:10:16,367 but rather, the remarkable healing power 177 00:10:16,491 --> 00:10:18,451 of the human body. 178 00:10:25,500 --> 00:10:29,380 SHATNER: A 25-year-old foreman named Phineas Gage 179 00:10:29,504 --> 00:10:31,674 is overseeing construction on a railroad line 180 00:10:31,756 --> 00:10:34,086 from Rutland to Burlington. 181 00:10:35,343 --> 00:10:37,763 Suddenly, an explosive charge 182 00:10:37,846 --> 00:10:40,846 set to blast away rock detonates without warning. 183 00:10:43,476 --> 00:10:46,056 In the violent eruption, Phineas Gage is struck 184 00:10:46,187 --> 00:10:49,357 by a three-and-a-half-foot iron rod. 185 00:10:49,440 --> 00:10:54,570 The 13-pound projectile spears Gage straight through his head, 186 00:10:54,696 --> 00:10:57,866 entering below his jaw and exiting 187 00:10:57,991 --> 00:11:00,661 out the top of his skull. 188 00:11:00,743 --> 00:11:02,703 COYNE: A nice big chunk of metal 189 00:11:02,787 --> 00:11:06,367 took part of the brain with it and blew out part of his skull. 190 00:11:07,876 --> 00:11:11,046 His coworkers come up and they just had 191 00:11:11,171 --> 00:11:13,761 to put him on a horse, bounce him down the road 192 00:11:13,882 --> 00:11:17,432 and take him not to a hospital but to a hotel, 193 00:11:17,552 --> 00:11:19,602 ’cause that’s where the nearest doctor was. 194 00:11:20,430 --> 00:11:21,640 SHATNER: But when the doctor 195 00:11:21,723 --> 00:11:23,603 begins his examination, 196 00:11:23,725 --> 00:11:26,945 he is astonished to find that Phineas Gage 197 00:11:27,061 --> 00:11:30,401 is still alive. 198 00:11:30,523 --> 00:11:34,153 In some ways, Phineas Gage is a strange story of resilience. 199 00:11:34,235 --> 00:11:38,155 Remarkably, not only did he survive in the minutes and hours 200 00:11:38,239 --> 00:11:40,279 right after the tamping rod went through his head, 201 00:11:40,408 --> 00:11:42,618 he was just sort of talking like he was normal. 202 00:11:42,744 --> 00:11:44,954 COYNE: 999 out of a thousand 203 00:11:45,079 --> 00:11:47,249 other brains would have just shut down. 204 00:11:47,373 --> 00:11:49,133 But even though his brain and his skull 205 00:11:49,250 --> 00:11:50,630 was severely damaged, 206 00:11:50,752 --> 00:11:53,172 he never loses consciousness the whole time. 207 00:11:53,254 --> 00:11:55,804 And he manages to live, 208 00:11:55,924 --> 00:12:00,224 and live a fairly normal rest of his life. 209 00:12:00,303 --> 00:12:05,023 That’s why the curious case of Phineas Gage is so unique 210 00:12:05,099 --> 00:12:08,189 it’s still talked about to this day. 211 00:12:09,437 --> 00:12:11,187 SHATNER: By all accounts, 212 00:12:11,272 --> 00:12:14,572 having an iron rod blasted through one’s head 213 00:12:14,651 --> 00:12:16,821 should result in certain death. 214 00:12:16,945 --> 00:12:22,125 So how was it possible that Phineas Gage not only lived 215 00:12:22,200 --> 00:12:25,660 but remained conscious through the ordeal? 216 00:12:28,289 --> 00:12:30,749 Well, according to medical experts, 217 00:12:30,833 --> 00:12:32,503 it may have had something to do 218 00:12:32,627 --> 00:12:35,127 with the brain’s remarkable ability 219 00:12:35,255 --> 00:12:38,635 to rewire itself. 220 00:12:38,758 --> 00:12:42,598 This case was what started the fascination 221 00:12:42,679 --> 00:12:45,809 with understanding the different parts of the brain. 222 00:12:45,932 --> 00:12:49,022 It’s possible that there was some matter 223 00:12:49,143 --> 00:12:51,353 that shot out from the brain. 224 00:12:51,479 --> 00:12:53,309 The interesting part is, 225 00:12:53,439 --> 00:12:55,109 none of the stuff that was extruded 226 00:12:55,191 --> 00:12:57,361 was critical enough to his function 227 00:12:57,485 --> 00:12:58,985 to stop him from surviving. 228 00:13:00,280 --> 00:13:04,280 DURVASULA: When Phineas Gage endured this accident, 229 00:13:04,367 --> 00:13:08,657 it showed us that the brain is very neuroplastic. 230 00:13:08,746 --> 00:13:11,866 And by that, I mean the brain does grow back. 231 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:16,050 So when there’s injury, that neuroplasticity 232 00:13:16,170 --> 00:13:18,050 means that the brain will attempt, 233 00:13:18,172 --> 00:13:22,262 to the best of its ability, to engage in some form of "repair." 234 00:13:23,344 --> 00:13:26,014 SHATNER: Is it possible that Phineas Gage’s brain 235 00:13:26,139 --> 00:13:29,679 was somehow able to rewire itself and keep him alive 236 00:13:29,809 --> 00:13:33,399 after an iron rod tore through his skull? 237 00:13:33,521 --> 00:13:35,361 Perhaps. 238 00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:38,070 But some medical experts believe that he was only able to survive 239 00:13:38,192 --> 00:13:43,202 because there was another factor at work: sheer luck. 240 00:13:43,323 --> 00:13:46,413 And as proof, they point to the case of a woman 241 00:13:46,534 --> 00:13:51,794 who also suffered a nearly fatal brain injury. 242 00:13:59,130 --> 00:14:02,760 After a long day’s work, research chemist Andrea Scott 243 00:14:02,884 --> 00:14:05,264 heads to her car to drive home. 244 00:14:05,386 --> 00:14:07,676 But when she approaches the vehicle... 245 00:14:08,806 --> 00:14:11,386 three men emerge from the darkness to rob her. 246 00:14:11,476 --> 00:14:14,436 As Andrea struggles for her life, 247 00:14:14,562 --> 00:14:16,812 two gunshots ring out in the night. 248 00:14:16,898 --> 00:14:18,978 (gunshots) 249 00:14:20,902 --> 00:14:22,282 SCOTT: I remember 250 00:14:22,403 --> 00:14:24,453 being on the ground 251 00:14:24,572 --> 00:14:26,952 and just getting up off the ground... 252 00:14:28,910 --> 00:14:31,700 trying to leave that place. 253 00:14:33,373 --> 00:14:35,043 I was shaking, 254 00:14:35,124 --> 00:14:37,334 I was extremely cold, 255 00:14:37,418 --> 00:14:40,128 I think my whole body was in a shock. 256 00:14:40,254 --> 00:14:41,804 I had no idea that I was shot. 257 00:14:41,923 --> 00:14:45,303 I had no idea what bad shape I was in. 258 00:14:45,426 --> 00:14:47,086 (siren wailing) 259 00:14:47,220 --> 00:14:49,810 SHATNER: Paramedics rush Andrea to the hospital. 260 00:14:49,931 --> 00:14:52,271 Incredibly, she’s conscious 261 00:14:52,350 --> 00:14:54,980 and aware of her surroundings for the entire ride. 262 00:14:55,103 --> 00:14:57,863 It’s only after she arrives at the ER 263 00:14:57,939 --> 00:15:00,819 that Andrea learns the extent of her injuries. 264 00:15:00,942 --> 00:15:04,282 SCOTT: When I was in the ER, 265 00:15:04,362 --> 00:15:08,492 doctors told me I was shot twice to the back of my head. 266 00:15:08,616 --> 00:15:12,236 I remember lots of doctors and lots of nurses 267 00:15:12,328 --> 00:15:16,458 working really hard to get me stable. 268 00:15:20,294 --> 00:15:23,804 People did not believe I would survive. 269 00:15:23,923 --> 00:15:26,973 SHATNER: Not only did Andrea Scott survive 270 00:15:27,093 --> 00:15:30,643 being shot in the head twice, she was able to walk 271 00:15:30,721 --> 00:15:33,351 out of the hospital after only eight days, 272 00:15:33,474 --> 00:15:35,644 with minor injuries. 273 00:15:35,768 --> 00:15:37,438 But how? 274 00:15:39,772 --> 00:15:43,482 COYNE: There’s a lot of amazing things about Mrs. Scott’s story. 275 00:15:43,568 --> 00:15:45,278 The bullets, of course, 276 00:15:45,361 --> 00:15:48,741 after being shot at point-blank range, in her head, 277 00:15:48,823 --> 00:15:51,373 traveled through the brain into the neck, 278 00:15:51,492 --> 00:15:55,542 and there are so many important blood vessels. 279 00:15:55,663 --> 00:15:59,043 Your carotid arteries, your jugular veins, 280 00:15:59,167 --> 00:16:01,877 the artery that supplies blood to your brain 281 00:16:02,003 --> 00:16:03,713 that travels up your spine. 282 00:16:03,838 --> 00:16:07,008 All right there, all within a few inches. 283 00:16:07,133 --> 00:16:10,893 And somehow, missed all of those. 284 00:16:11,012 --> 00:16:14,352 She did have a lot of healing to go through. 285 00:16:14,474 --> 00:16:16,524 Part of her face was paralyzed for a while, 286 00:16:16,601 --> 00:16:20,351 she still gets severe headaches, but even after all that, 287 00:16:20,438 --> 00:16:24,068 she healed up almost 100%. 288 00:16:24,192 --> 00:16:25,782 Extraordinary tale of survival. 289 00:16:26,611 --> 00:16:28,451 SCOTT: Doctors told my husband 290 00:16:28,529 --> 00:16:30,909 that it was a miracle, 291 00:16:31,032 --> 00:16:35,202 that they don’t know how it’s possible 292 00:16:35,328 --> 00:16:39,578 that I didn’t end up dead. 293 00:16:39,707 --> 00:16:43,207 Statistically, I shouldn’t be alive today. 294 00:16:43,294 --> 00:16:47,924 BROWN: The chances of surviving a bullet wound to the brain, 295 00:16:48,049 --> 00:16:50,429 it’s less than 0.1%. 296 00:16:50,551 --> 00:16:54,261 We are absolutely talking about the difference of millimeters. 297 00:16:54,388 --> 00:16:58,098 That’s what makes this truly a remarkable case 298 00:16:58,226 --> 00:17:01,226 that shows we haven’t figured out everything 299 00:17:01,354 --> 00:17:03,984 about blows to the brain. 300 00:17:04,065 --> 00:17:08,325 If our brains have the ability to endure catastrophic injury, 301 00:17:08,402 --> 00:17:11,362 is it possible that our bodies possess other, 302 00:17:11,447 --> 00:17:15,447 even more extraordinary survival capabilities? 303 00:17:15,576 --> 00:17:19,956 Perhaps the answer can be found by examining the story of a man 304 00:17:20,081 --> 00:17:23,751 who was struck by lightning not once, not twice, 305 00:17:23,834 --> 00:17:27,424 but seven times, and lived. 306 00:17:37,265 --> 00:17:40,105 SHATNER: Park ranger Roy Sullivan is driving south 307 00:17:40,226 --> 00:17:43,516 along Skyline Drive when suddenly, 308 00:17:43,604 --> 00:17:46,484 a bolt of lightning strikes him 309 00:17:46,607 --> 00:17:49,317 through the open window of his truck. 310 00:17:51,320 --> 00:17:53,160 FRIEDMAN: Roy Sullivan was struck by lightning 311 00:17:53,281 --> 00:17:54,821 driving along a mountain road. 312 00:17:54,949 --> 00:17:57,119 He wasn’t hurt that much. 313 00:17:57,201 --> 00:17:58,791 He was lucky. 314 00:17:58,869 --> 00:18:02,619 Lightning can cause all kinds of damage to a person. 315 00:18:04,250 --> 00:18:06,130 It can injure one’s nerves, 316 00:18:06,252 --> 00:18:08,882 it can cause headaches that last, uh, 317 00:18:08,963 --> 00:18:11,973 for many, many months, if not years. 318 00:18:12,049 --> 00:18:15,009 And of course, a lightning strike can be fatal. 319 00:18:15,136 --> 00:18:18,306 SHATNER: The blast burned off Roy’s hair 320 00:18:18,431 --> 00:18:22,271 and left a black burn mark on his ranger hat. 321 00:18:23,477 --> 00:18:27,057 One out of every ten people struck by lightning dies. 322 00:18:28,816 --> 00:18:32,316 Those who survive often suffer debilitating, lifelong injuries. 323 00:18:32,403 --> 00:18:36,163 But somehow, Roy Sullivan 324 00:18:36,282 --> 00:18:39,872 walked away relatively unscathed. 325 00:18:39,994 --> 00:18:42,374 Though what’s even more remarkable 326 00:18:42,496 --> 00:18:45,996 is that between 1942 and 1977, 327 00:18:46,125 --> 00:18:50,665 Roy Sullivan was struck by lightning on six more occasions 328 00:18:50,755 --> 00:18:55,685 and survived each and every time. 329 00:18:55,801 --> 00:19:00,391 FRIEDMAN: Roy Sullivan was in the Guinness Book of Records 330 00:19:00,514 --> 00:19:02,604 for having been the person who was hit the most 331 00:19:02,683 --> 00:19:04,693 in his lifetime by lightning. 332 00:19:04,810 --> 00:19:08,360 He was dubbed the Human Lightning Rod, 333 00:19:08,481 --> 00:19:11,611 Spark Ranger and Lightning Man. 334 00:19:13,027 --> 00:19:15,027 There are a number of factors that increased 335 00:19:15,154 --> 00:19:17,034 Sullivan’s odds of being struck. 336 00:19:17,114 --> 00:19:19,374 He was outdoors, 337 00:19:19,492 --> 00:19:23,202 not only on tops of mountains but on lookout towers, 338 00:19:23,329 --> 00:19:27,539 moving around a lot in open spaces. 339 00:19:27,625 --> 00:19:29,715 But the fact that he was hit seven times 340 00:19:29,835 --> 00:19:32,125 and didn’t die is incredible. 341 00:19:34,507 --> 00:19:37,887 SHATNER: Lightning is one of the most devastating forces on Earth. 342 00:19:37,968 --> 00:19:42,008 A single bolt can carry more than 100 million volts 343 00:19:42,098 --> 00:19:44,218 of electricity 344 00:19:44,308 --> 00:19:47,938 and is five times hotter than the surface of the Sun. 345 00:19:48,062 --> 00:19:51,232 So how was Roy Sullivan able to survive 346 00:19:51,357 --> 00:19:55,897 such destructive power seven times? 347 00:19:56,028 --> 00:20:00,908 Well, according to some experts, it might have been because 348 00:20:00,991 --> 00:20:04,751 certain people’s bodies are more resistant 349 00:20:04,870 --> 00:20:07,080 to being electrocuted. 350 00:20:08,624 --> 00:20:10,674 The human body is not the greatest conductor 351 00:20:10,751 --> 00:20:13,381 for electricity, but in these cases, 352 00:20:13,462 --> 00:20:17,052 maybe there are compounds in their bloodstream that do 353 00:20:17,133 --> 00:20:22,763 increase their ability to generate energy or hold energy. 354 00:20:22,888 --> 00:20:26,098 For example, someone who has 355 00:20:26,225 --> 00:20:29,345 a higher degree of iron in their bloodstream 356 00:20:29,437 --> 00:20:33,767 could potentially conduct lightning a little bit better. 357 00:20:35,067 --> 00:20:36,737 SHATNER: Is it possible that Roy Sullivan 358 00:20:36,819 --> 00:20:38,949 possessed some physical or genetic trait 359 00:20:39,071 --> 00:20:41,321 that allowed him to both attract lightning 360 00:20:41,449 --> 00:20:44,119 and withstand surges of electricity 361 00:20:44,201 --> 00:20:46,661 that could otherwise kill a normal human? 362 00:20:46,787 --> 00:20:50,617 Perhaps a clue can be found by examining another person 363 00:20:50,750 --> 00:20:52,960 who was struck by lightning multiple times 364 00:20:53,085 --> 00:20:55,795 and lived to tell about it. 365 00:21:01,635 --> 00:21:03,465 After a long day of competition, 366 00:21:03,554 --> 00:21:06,144 bull rider Carl Mize is about to head home 367 00:21:06,265 --> 00:21:08,515 when he grabs the door handle of his truck 368 00:21:08,642 --> 00:21:13,062 and is instantly hit by a powerful bolt of lightning. 369 00:21:14,940 --> 00:21:16,877 Right when it happened, I knew I was struck by lightning. 370 00:21:16,901 --> 00:21:20,611 The-the flash of the light and the shock, you know, 371 00:21:20,696 --> 00:21:22,382 that went through my arm and through my body. 372 00:21:22,406 --> 00:21:26,536 It knocked me back four or five foot on my tail end. 373 00:21:26,660 --> 00:21:29,580 And, uh, I just jumped up and tried to brush the mud off, 374 00:21:29,663 --> 00:21:32,923 and-and got in my truck and, uh, left. 375 00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:36,300 SHATNER: Aside from some achy muscles, 376 00:21:36,378 --> 00:21:39,508 Carl was left uninjured by the experience. 377 00:21:39,632 --> 00:21:42,342 And like most people, he wasn’t worried about 378 00:21:42,468 --> 00:21:44,678 this happening again, because he believed the old adage 379 00:21:44,804 --> 00:21:48,974 that "lightning never strikes twice." 380 00:21:49,058 --> 00:21:53,518 But between 1994 and 2006, 381 00:21:53,646 --> 00:21:56,266 Carl was struck by lightning 382 00:21:56,357 --> 00:22:00,187 an astonishing five more times. 383 00:22:02,321 --> 00:22:05,371 MIZE: For 39 years, I’ve worked at the University of Oklahoma 384 00:22:05,491 --> 00:22:08,161 in the electrical department in the utility shop. 385 00:22:08,244 --> 00:22:12,164 And we take care of all the high-voltage electricity. 386 00:22:12,248 --> 00:22:14,878 So I often think there’s got to be something 387 00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:17,540 that, you know, attracts lightning to me, 388 00:22:17,670 --> 00:22:20,550 ’cause it’s just unheard of to be struck that many times. 389 00:22:20,673 --> 00:22:24,683 SHATNER: After each incident, doctors who examined Carl 390 00:22:24,760 --> 00:22:28,060 were shocked to discover that his injuries were minor. 391 00:22:28,180 --> 00:22:29,940 None of his internal organs suffered the kind 392 00:22:30,057 --> 00:22:32,597 of significant damage normally seen 393 00:22:32,726 --> 00:22:35,726 in victims of lightning strikes. 394 00:22:35,855 --> 00:22:37,275 There’s not a whole lot of people 395 00:22:37,398 --> 00:22:39,938 that get struck by lightning, so doctors 396 00:22:40,067 --> 00:22:42,237 really treat you as a guinea pig. 397 00:22:42,319 --> 00:22:46,949 They actually had a man come down 398 00:22:47,074 --> 00:22:48,744 that was an electrical engineer 399 00:22:48,868 --> 00:22:53,078 to measure the DC voltage in my body. 400 00:22:53,163 --> 00:22:58,093 A common person has six volts DC to run your body. 401 00:22:58,168 --> 00:23:03,418 Whenever they tested me, I had 1.7, uh, DC volts in my body. 402 00:23:03,549 --> 00:23:07,429 I’m more, uh, conductive than a-an average person. 403 00:23:07,511 --> 00:23:11,931 And it makes me wonder, and even the doctors have wondered, too, 404 00:23:12,016 --> 00:23:14,936 could have that been what’s kept me alive? 405 00:23:17,104 --> 00:23:21,694 The notion that some individuals are born with an X factor 406 00:23:21,775 --> 00:23:25,355 that allows them to avoid death is fascinating. 407 00:23:25,446 --> 00:23:28,446 But what about stories of beating the odds 408 00:23:28,532 --> 00:23:31,412 that are beyond scientific explanation? 409 00:23:31,493 --> 00:23:34,123 For example, there are cases of people 410 00:23:34,246 --> 00:23:37,116 who fell from such incredible heights 411 00:23:37,249 --> 00:23:42,379 that their survival seemed to defy the laws of physics. 412 00:23:49,720 --> 00:23:53,140 SHATNER: 47 stories above the ground, 413 00:23:53,265 --> 00:23:57,095 brothers Alcides and Edgar Moreno 414 00:23:57,186 --> 00:24:00,976 step onto a hanging platform to wash windows. 415 00:24:01,106 --> 00:24:02,646 But when they start working... 416 00:24:03,943 --> 00:24:05,823 disaster strikes. 417 00:24:27,549 --> 00:24:33,009 SHATNER: Edgar plunges 472 feet onto a fence, dying instantly. 418 00:24:33,138 --> 00:24:36,308 But as emergency responders arrive on the scene, 419 00:24:36,392 --> 00:24:39,022 they approach the wreckage of the scaffolding 420 00:24:39,144 --> 00:24:43,194 and are shocked to discover that Alcides is still alive. 421 00:24:44,733 --> 00:24:45,961 GLENN ASAEDA: Mr. Moreno actually fell 422 00:24:45,985 --> 00:24:47,995 with the scaffolding and landed 423 00:24:48,070 --> 00:24:51,360 onto some garbage cans in the alleyway. 424 00:24:51,490 --> 00:24:53,580 Our rescue paramedics, 425 00:24:53,701 --> 00:24:56,291 they thought that it was gonna be a recovery. 426 00:24:56,370 --> 00:24:57,830 But when they got to him, 427 00:24:57,913 --> 00:25:00,213 he opened his eyes and took a breath. 428 00:25:00,332 --> 00:25:04,172 SHATNER: Alcides was rushed to the hospital for surgery. 429 00:25:04,253 --> 00:25:07,213 Several of his vertebrae had been crushed, 430 00:25:07,297 --> 00:25:11,337 and his skull was fractured, causing his brain to swell. 431 00:25:12,428 --> 00:25:14,178 He was given 24 pints of blood 432 00:25:14,263 --> 00:25:16,353 and put into a drug-induced coma, 433 00:25:16,432 --> 00:25:19,602 undergoing 15 more surgeries. 434 00:25:19,727 --> 00:25:24,897 But on January 24, a mere seven weeks after his accident, 435 00:25:24,982 --> 00:25:29,072 Alcides was discharged from the hospital. 436 00:25:44,293 --> 00:25:48,053 COYNE: Any fall from greater than one and a half times your own height 437 00:25:48,130 --> 00:25:50,880 is considered potentially deadly. 438 00:25:50,966 --> 00:25:54,216 So for someone to fall from this great a height and live, 439 00:25:54,303 --> 00:25:57,763 you know, a productive life is absolutely fascinating. 440 00:25:57,890 --> 00:26:00,390 SHATNER: Statistically, falling from a height 441 00:26:00,476 --> 00:26:03,266 greater than 40 feet is almost always fatal. 442 00:26:03,353 --> 00:26:07,153 So how did Alcides Moreno survive a fall 443 00:26:07,274 --> 00:26:09,614 from more than ten times that high? 444 00:26:10,819 --> 00:26:13,239 HAMILTON: It’s not the falling that kills you, 445 00:26:13,322 --> 00:26:15,782 it’s the stopping. 446 00:26:15,866 --> 00:26:19,616 And so, if there is a tree, bushes, 447 00:26:19,703 --> 00:26:22,623 wreckage that’s between you and what you hit, 448 00:26:22,748 --> 00:26:25,458 those factors contribute to survival. 449 00:26:25,542 --> 00:26:28,842 And so, the main factor that caused Alcides Moreno 450 00:26:28,962 --> 00:26:31,672 to survive is that platform that he was on. 451 00:26:31,799 --> 00:26:34,759 He held onto that all the way down. 452 00:26:34,843 --> 00:26:38,933 He didn’t fall directly 47 stories 453 00:26:39,014 --> 00:26:41,314 without anything cushioning his fall. 454 00:26:43,185 --> 00:26:45,775 SHATNER: Is it possible that being on top of the platform 455 00:26:45,854 --> 00:26:48,324 broke Alcides Moreno’s fall just enough for him 456 00:26:48,440 --> 00:26:51,820 to withstand a 470-foot plunge? 457 00:26:53,153 --> 00:26:54,903 Perhaps the answer can be found by examining 458 00:26:54,988 --> 00:26:57,618 the story of a woman who survived 459 00:26:57,699 --> 00:27:01,159 the highest fall in history. 460 00:27:06,834 --> 00:27:10,424 Six miles over the country of Czechoslovakia, 461 00:27:10,504 --> 00:27:12,594 JAT Airlines Flight 367 462 00:27:12,673 --> 00:27:15,183 is en route to Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 463 00:27:15,300 --> 00:27:18,140 when a bomb detonates on board. 464 00:27:19,304 --> 00:27:23,814 There are 28 people on, including crew and passengers. 465 00:27:23,892 --> 00:27:26,442 (people screaming) 466 00:27:26,520 --> 00:27:30,820 The plane breaks apart into three different parts... 467 00:27:30,899 --> 00:27:34,189 The nose, the middle section, and the tail... 468 00:27:34,278 --> 00:27:37,108 And it falls about 33,000 feet 469 00:27:37,197 --> 00:27:41,327 into a tiny little village called Srbská Kamenice. 470 00:27:43,120 --> 00:27:44,870 SHATNER: The plane’s wreckage 471 00:27:44,955 --> 00:27:47,715 slams into the ground at 150 miles per hour. 472 00:27:49,251 --> 00:27:53,051 27 of the 28 people on the plane die on impact. 473 00:27:53,172 --> 00:27:55,552 But against all odds, 474 00:27:55,674 --> 00:27:59,054 one person survives the fiery crash: 475 00:27:59,136 --> 00:28:02,596 flight attendant Vesna Vulovic. 476 00:28:02,723 --> 00:28:04,023 COYNE: When the rescuers come, 477 00:28:04,099 --> 00:28:05,639 the plane is in all kinds of pieces 478 00:28:05,726 --> 00:28:07,636 all over the mountainside, but here’s her, 479 00:28:07,728 --> 00:28:11,478 in the wreckage, survived, all ten fingers and toes. 480 00:28:11,565 --> 00:28:17,245 HAMILTON: She’s wedged in the fuselage, her head is sticking out, 481 00:28:17,362 --> 00:28:20,322 and there is another dead crew member on top of her. 482 00:28:20,407 --> 00:28:23,367 She has all sorts of broken bones, 483 00:28:23,452 --> 00:28:26,872 just terrible injuries, and a lot of bleeding. 484 00:28:26,955 --> 00:28:30,075 She’s hospitalized and she did not wake up, really, 485 00:28:30,209 --> 00:28:34,379 until about three weeks later when her parents came to visit. 486 00:28:34,463 --> 00:28:37,673 After a while, she wanted to return to work. 487 00:28:37,758 --> 00:28:40,258 She did not have a fear of flying. 488 00:28:40,385 --> 00:28:44,755 She had no memory of the crash or the aftermath. 489 00:28:44,848 --> 00:28:48,308 Essentially, her memory was greeting passengers 490 00:28:48,435 --> 00:28:51,055 and then seeing her parents later on in the hospital. 491 00:28:51,146 --> 00:28:54,396 SHATNER: According to The Guinness Book of World Records, 492 00:28:54,483 --> 00:28:58,073 Vesna Vulovic plummeted more than six miles, 493 00:28:58,153 --> 00:29:00,913 making her fall the highest anyone has survived 494 00:29:00,989 --> 00:29:02,739 in recorded history. 495 00:29:02,824 --> 00:29:05,454 But what’s even more extraordinary 496 00:29:05,577 --> 00:29:07,057 is that she wasn’t wearing a seat belt 497 00:29:07,120 --> 00:29:10,420 when the plane exploded at 33,000 feet. 498 00:29:10,499 --> 00:29:13,589 HAMILTON: Vesna Vulovic was not in her seat. 499 00:29:13,669 --> 00:29:16,169 It’s a surprise, honestly, 500 00:29:16,296 --> 00:29:18,796 that she wasn’t killed immediately 501 00:29:18,924 --> 00:29:21,804 from the explosion or thrown out of the aircraft 502 00:29:21,927 --> 00:29:24,967 like all of the other passengers and crew. 503 00:29:27,224 --> 00:29:29,494 COYNE: Some people say, "Oh, she was in the back of the plane, 504 00:29:29,518 --> 00:29:32,808 "the angle, maybe when she hit it went 505 00:29:32,896 --> 00:29:36,106 like a skier would land, down at an angle, not all at once." 506 00:29:36,191 --> 00:29:40,611 And maybe it did, but it just seems very extraordinary 507 00:29:40,696 --> 00:29:44,196 that all these things could come together to have one survivor. 508 00:29:46,159 --> 00:29:50,289 The fact that someone can live through a fall from 33,000 feet 509 00:29:50,372 --> 00:29:52,082 seems to defy all logic. 510 00:29:52,165 --> 00:29:54,825 But maybe we have to accept that science 511 00:29:54,960 --> 00:29:58,710 doesn’t have all the answers when it comes to understanding 512 00:29:58,839 --> 00:30:02,129 why some individuals survive the impossible. 513 00:30:03,010 --> 00:30:05,140 Like the stories of people who believe 514 00:30:05,220 --> 00:30:09,350 they escaped certain death with the help of a higher power. 515 00:30:19,693 --> 00:30:22,073 SHATNER: 2,400 feet below ground, 516 00:30:22,195 --> 00:30:25,405 dozens of miners toil in the sweltering darkness 517 00:30:25,532 --> 00:30:27,662 of the San José copper mine. 518 00:30:27,743 --> 00:30:31,543 Suddenly, the Earth above them shifts 519 00:30:31,621 --> 00:30:35,541 and dislodges a boulder the size of a 45-story building. 520 00:30:37,669 --> 00:30:39,709 The massive boulder comes crashing down, 521 00:30:39,796 --> 00:30:41,836 causing the mine shaft to collapse, 522 00:30:41,923 --> 00:30:45,723 and blocking the ramp that leads up to the surface. 523 00:30:47,721 --> 00:30:50,101 ARONSON: There were 33 men in the mine 524 00:30:50,223 --> 00:30:52,393 at the time of the accident. 525 00:30:52,517 --> 00:30:55,097 On the surface, they knew that there had been 526 00:30:55,228 --> 00:30:57,148 a terrible accident. 527 00:30:57,230 --> 00:30:59,400 But it was not clear 528 00:30:59,524 --> 00:31:02,614 what that meant for the men down below. 529 00:31:02,736 --> 00:31:05,736 ROMERO: The outside world had no idea 530 00:31:05,822 --> 00:31:08,122 if they were alive or dead. 531 00:31:08,241 --> 00:31:09,911 People were really on edge, 532 00:31:10,035 --> 00:31:13,125 they were watching this around the world on television. 533 00:31:13,246 --> 00:31:14,557 It’s really something that-that people 534 00:31:14,581 --> 00:31:16,421 were following very, very closely. 535 00:31:16,541 --> 00:31:18,461 SHATNER: Search and rescue teams 536 00:31:18,585 --> 00:31:20,245 quickly began to drill into the rock 537 00:31:20,379 --> 00:31:24,919 to try and free the miners, but progress was slow. 538 00:31:25,050 --> 00:31:27,760 For days, the world watched in suspense 539 00:31:27,844 --> 00:31:29,724 as rescuers desperately continued 540 00:31:29,805 --> 00:31:32,645 to drill in search of the miners. 541 00:31:34,101 --> 00:31:35,851 ROMERO: There was a lot of concern 542 00:31:35,936 --> 00:31:38,766 about their individual health conditions. 543 00:31:38,897 --> 00:31:41,317 One of these guys had an ulcer that was really bad. 544 00:31:41,441 --> 00:31:43,321 One of them was a diabetic. 545 00:31:43,443 --> 00:31:45,363 So there were really desperate efforts 546 00:31:45,445 --> 00:31:48,485 on the part of the Chilean authorities to find them. 547 00:31:49,616 --> 00:31:53,116 ARONSON: It was nearly impossible to find the men, 548 00:31:53,203 --> 00:31:55,333 because nobody can see through the Earth. 549 00:31:55,455 --> 00:31:58,625 And the maps were outdated. 550 00:31:58,708 --> 00:32:02,708 And that meant, as one of the drillers said, 551 00:32:02,796 --> 00:32:04,506 "We’re drilling blind." 552 00:32:04,631 --> 00:32:08,641 Finally, after 17 long days, 553 00:32:08,760 --> 00:32:12,640 one of the rescuers’ drills uncovered evidence that, 554 00:32:12,764 --> 00:32:17,644 incredibly, the miners were still alive. 555 00:32:17,769 --> 00:32:21,149 The miners had found some red paint 556 00:32:21,273 --> 00:32:25,443 so that when the drill came down through, 557 00:32:25,527 --> 00:32:30,777 they could paint on the drill to show 558 00:32:30,866 --> 00:32:32,326 that "We are alive." 559 00:32:33,827 --> 00:32:35,697 ROMERO: In the drill, they sent a note out 560 00:32:35,829 --> 00:32:37,159 that said in Spanish, 561 00:32:37,289 --> 00:32:41,329 "Estamos bien en el refugio, los 33." 562 00:32:41,418 --> 00:32:44,878 "We are okay in the refuge, the 33 of us." 563 00:32:45,005 --> 00:32:47,055 (cheering) 564 00:32:47,174 --> 00:32:49,844 And that really just changed everything. 565 00:32:52,179 --> 00:32:53,889 SHATNER: Rescuers sent down small packages 566 00:32:54,014 --> 00:32:56,474 of desperately needed supplies through the narrow hole 567 00:32:56,558 --> 00:32:57,558 leading to the miners. 568 00:32:57,684 --> 00:32:59,194 They also sent down 569 00:32:59,311 --> 00:33:02,021 a small digital camera. 570 00:33:04,357 --> 00:33:06,777 The video paints a harrowing portrait 571 00:33:06,860 --> 00:33:08,860 of the conditions the miners had been trapped in 572 00:33:08,987 --> 00:33:12,567 for the previous 17 days. 573 00:33:12,699 --> 00:33:17,369 Somehow, the men had survived on only a week’s worth 574 00:33:17,454 --> 00:33:19,754 of food and water. 575 00:33:19,873 --> 00:33:24,503 ROMERO: These miners were trapped almost half a mile underground, 576 00:33:24,586 --> 00:33:26,416 with a few cans of tuna fish. 577 00:33:26,546 --> 00:33:27,946 They had to resort to drinking water 578 00:33:28,048 --> 00:33:30,008 that was used for industrial purposes. 579 00:33:30,091 --> 00:33:32,591 Also, they created a-a system 580 00:33:32,719 --> 00:33:33,863 in which they had a democratic vote, 581 00:33:33,887 --> 00:33:35,757 you know, one man, one vote. 582 00:33:35,889 --> 00:33:37,929 And the majority, if they decided on something, 583 00:33:38,058 --> 00:33:39,619 that was the way that they were gonna go. 584 00:33:39,643 --> 00:33:41,733 (speaking Spanish) 585 00:33:41,853 --> 00:33:44,693 DURVASULA: Without knowing it, the Chilean miners 586 00:33:44,773 --> 00:33:46,523 walked into one of the most important 587 00:33:46,608 --> 00:33:49,358 survival strategies there is, which is 588 00:33:49,444 --> 00:33:51,614 creating a sense of collectivism, 589 00:33:51,738 --> 00:33:54,868 and leaving each of them feeling less alone 590 00:33:54,950 --> 00:33:56,700 with this nightmare that they were in. 591 00:33:56,785 --> 00:34:00,165 SHATNER: After discovering the miners were alive, 592 00:34:00,247 --> 00:34:03,077 rescuers estimated that it would take months 593 00:34:03,208 --> 00:34:06,088 to drill through half a mile of solid rock 594 00:34:06,211 --> 00:34:09,631 and reach the trapped men. 595 00:34:09,756 --> 00:34:14,836 So here you are now, August 20, August 22, 596 00:34:14,928 --> 00:34:20,138 and the drill operators said to the team up on top, 597 00:34:20,267 --> 00:34:23,137 "We will be able to get them out by Christmas." 598 00:34:23,270 --> 00:34:27,150 So, you are going to have to tell the men 599 00:34:27,274 --> 00:34:29,234 that you’re going to have to be down 600 00:34:29,317 --> 00:34:31,487 in that mine 601 00:34:31,611 --> 00:34:33,651 for three more months. 602 00:34:35,115 --> 00:34:38,165 To combat their feelings of helplessness, 603 00:34:38,285 --> 00:34:42,755 the trapped miners turned to their last remaining refuge: 604 00:34:42,831 --> 00:34:44,621 their faith. 605 00:34:44,749 --> 00:34:47,289 ROMERO: One of the things that really struck me 606 00:34:47,419 --> 00:34:52,169 about why they were able to make it, uh, for so long, 607 00:34:52,299 --> 00:34:55,839 was their religious beliefs. 608 00:34:55,969 --> 00:34:59,349 They really felt like prayer was one of their strategies 609 00:34:59,472 --> 00:35:01,392 to help them make it through this. 610 00:35:03,310 --> 00:35:04,980 BROWN: Literature documents 611 00:35:05,103 --> 00:35:09,693 that faith is a significant factor in survivability. 612 00:35:11,151 --> 00:35:12,861 Sometimes it’s individual faith, 613 00:35:12,986 --> 00:35:15,446 sometimes it is faith of a community. 614 00:35:15,530 --> 00:35:18,660 The hard part is, there is no science 615 00:35:18,742 --> 00:35:21,662 that we have that absolutely defines it, 616 00:35:21,786 --> 00:35:28,076 but faith has real tangible results for many people. 617 00:35:29,502 --> 00:35:30,882 DURVASULA: For the Chilean miners, 618 00:35:31,004 --> 00:35:32,554 many of them were men of faith 619 00:35:32,672 --> 00:35:34,342 as part of their day-to-day lives. 620 00:35:34,466 --> 00:35:38,886 So praying together, having that collective energy, 621 00:35:39,012 --> 00:35:42,972 was just enough hope to keep a person going for another day. 622 00:35:44,601 --> 00:35:46,521 SHATNER: After 69 days, 623 00:35:46,603 --> 00:35:48,693 the rescuers finally created 624 00:35:48,772 --> 00:35:51,732 a hole big enough to extract the miners. 625 00:35:53,818 --> 00:35:56,448 Then, as the world waited with bated breath... 626 00:35:56,529 --> 00:35:59,569 (cheering, applause) 627 00:35:59,699 --> 00:36:02,369 the men were brought up one by one. 628 00:36:03,703 --> 00:36:05,123 And astonishingly, 629 00:36:05,205 --> 00:36:10,085 all 33 miners made it out alive. 630 00:36:10,210 --> 00:36:11,710 (cheering, laughter) 631 00:36:11,795 --> 00:36:14,215 But perhaps what’s even more incredible 632 00:36:14,339 --> 00:36:16,719 is that they were rescued two months sooner 633 00:36:16,800 --> 00:36:20,090 than everyone expected. 634 00:36:20,220 --> 00:36:22,430 And the miners firmly believed 635 00:36:22,555 --> 00:36:25,095 that this unexpected turn of events 636 00:36:25,225 --> 00:36:30,615 showed that a higher power had intervened on their behalf. 637 00:36:30,730 --> 00:36:34,400 ROMERO: The power of prayer played a crucial role 638 00:36:34,484 --> 00:36:39,204 in allowing these 33 miners to make it. 639 00:36:39,280 --> 00:36:42,620 It’s even been said that God was the 34th miner. 640 00:36:42,742 --> 00:36:46,622 Um, several of the men who were trapped down there said that. 641 00:36:46,746 --> 00:36:50,246 They really felt like their belief in God 642 00:36:50,333 --> 00:36:52,843 was why they were rescued. 643 00:36:52,919 --> 00:36:55,499 When faced with a life-or-death scenario, 644 00:36:55,588 --> 00:36:58,298 some people choose to appeal to a higher power 645 00:36:58,425 --> 00:37:00,305 to help them survive. 646 00:37:00,427 --> 00:37:03,297 But there are others who react much differently. 647 00:37:03,430 --> 00:37:06,310 When pushed to the limit, they tap into abilities 648 00:37:06,433 --> 00:37:08,643 they didn’t even know they had. 649 00:37:17,485 --> 00:37:20,025 SHATNER: Here, in this protected reserve 650 00:37:20,113 --> 00:37:22,203 in the shadow of Mount Kilauea, 651 00:37:22,282 --> 00:37:25,282 tech industry executive Dewey Gaedcke 652 00:37:25,368 --> 00:37:27,368 heads out for an evening hike. 653 00:37:30,707 --> 00:37:34,287 But as he walks through the 523-square-mile park, 654 00:37:34,419 --> 00:37:35,749 he becomes lost. 655 00:37:35,837 --> 00:37:38,377 And when he’s unable to find the road 656 00:37:38,465 --> 00:37:40,725 where he parked his car, 657 00:37:40,800 --> 00:37:45,720 Dewey’s hike transforms into a grueling fight for survival. 658 00:37:47,807 --> 00:37:49,407 Clouds came over and covered up the moon, 659 00:37:49,476 --> 00:37:51,476 so it got darker, it got windier... 660 00:37:53,021 --> 00:37:55,401 and I completely missed the road. 661 00:37:55,482 --> 00:37:58,612 And that’s what really messed me up. 662 00:37:58,693 --> 00:38:00,863 I expected only an hour and a half hike, 663 00:38:00,987 --> 00:38:02,357 so I really wasn’t well prepared. 664 00:38:02,489 --> 00:38:04,409 I brought a flashlight, 665 00:38:04,491 --> 00:38:08,121 a digital video camera, tennis shoes, and that was it. 666 00:38:08,203 --> 00:38:11,583 SHATNER: Miles from his car and hopelessly lost 667 00:38:11,664 --> 00:38:16,714 within a 330,000-acre maze of razor-sharp lava rocks, 668 00:38:16,836 --> 00:38:18,836 Dewey quickly realizes that if he’s to have 669 00:38:18,922 --> 00:38:21,172 any hope of rescue, 670 00:38:21,257 --> 00:38:23,587 he first needs to keep himself alive. 671 00:38:25,512 --> 00:38:27,432 GAEDCKE: I was exhausted, I was stressed, 672 00:38:27,514 --> 00:38:30,684 I had a cut that looked like it might be getting infected. 673 00:38:30,767 --> 00:38:33,267 So I was worried about gangrene. 674 00:38:33,353 --> 00:38:35,443 I hadn’t brought water, uh, so I was already starting 675 00:38:35,522 --> 00:38:38,442 to get a little bit dehydrated after being out there that long. 676 00:38:38,525 --> 00:38:40,035 I walked all night. 677 00:38:41,861 --> 00:38:47,621 Well, it’s some very late hour. 678 00:38:47,700 --> 00:38:50,040 I’m dehydrated and I’m lost. 679 00:38:50,161 --> 00:38:51,451 I’m not a survival expert, 680 00:38:51,538 --> 00:38:53,458 but I’ve always been insanely curious, 681 00:38:53,540 --> 00:38:56,630 and friends have called me MacGyver since high school. 682 00:38:56,709 --> 00:38:58,169 I’m good at studying things, 683 00:38:58,253 --> 00:38:59,753 and, uh, I’m good at figuring out 684 00:38:59,879 --> 00:39:02,009 how different pieces can be used together. 685 00:39:02,966 --> 00:39:05,886 In the morning, I built a debris shelter, 686 00:39:06,010 --> 00:39:08,300 so I-I had something to sleep in at night. 687 00:39:08,388 --> 00:39:10,718 And I had built rain catches, 688 00:39:10,849 --> 00:39:14,349 so I’d woken up with plenty of fresh water. 689 00:39:14,435 --> 00:39:17,685 I talked to my camera every day, leaving messages for my kids. 690 00:39:17,772 --> 00:39:20,192 I just want to say to my little girls, 691 00:39:20,275 --> 00:39:22,575 I love you guys so much. 692 00:39:22,652 --> 00:39:25,242 And I’m doing my best to get home to see you. 693 00:39:27,407 --> 00:39:30,327 My primary hope of getting rescued was from the sky, 694 00:39:30,410 --> 00:39:33,330 so I had already broken the mirror off 695 00:39:33,413 --> 00:39:36,833 of my video camera and was using that to try to reflect the sun 696 00:39:36,916 --> 00:39:39,416 to signal that I’m in an emergency. 697 00:39:39,502 --> 00:39:41,672 At that point, I was actually starting 698 00:39:41,754 --> 00:39:45,594 to feel fairly confident I was very likely to get rescued. 699 00:39:46,426 --> 00:39:48,086 And then I heard a helicopter. 700 00:39:50,013 --> 00:39:53,433 SHATNER: On his fifth day of being stranded and alone, 701 00:39:53,558 --> 00:39:57,938 a commercial tour helicopter found and rescued Dewey. 702 00:39:58,021 --> 00:40:01,231 After his rescue, local officials informed Dewey 703 00:40:01,316 --> 00:40:03,066 that no one had ever survived 704 00:40:03,151 --> 00:40:07,241 more than three days lost in the park. 705 00:40:07,322 --> 00:40:09,992 So, how did a tech industry executive 706 00:40:10,116 --> 00:40:14,616 with no survival experience manage to endure five? 707 00:40:14,746 --> 00:40:17,496 Well, according to experts, it was primarily 708 00:40:17,624 --> 00:40:20,794 because of Dewey’s ability to remain calm 709 00:40:20,919 --> 00:40:24,669 and focus on solutions in the face of adversity. 710 00:40:24,797 --> 00:40:29,047 Well, I just finished my, uh, second-generation rain catch. 711 00:40:30,970 --> 00:40:34,600 DURVASULA: When a person is in a survival situation, 712 00:40:34,682 --> 00:40:36,892 one of the questions is whether a person is able 713 00:40:36,976 --> 00:40:39,396 to tap into something in their mind 714 00:40:39,479 --> 00:40:40,706 that they didn’t know they had. 715 00:40:40,730 --> 00:40:43,440 There are people who have a mix 716 00:40:43,524 --> 00:40:48,244 of resilience, adaptability, knowledge, 717 00:40:48,321 --> 00:40:52,831 an ability to sort of center and stay calm and focused. 718 00:40:54,327 --> 00:40:55,804 COYNE: Some of the more common attributes 719 00:40:55,828 --> 00:40:57,998 of survivors is people that don’t focus 720 00:40:58,081 --> 00:41:01,751 on all the terrible things that are going on around them. 721 00:41:01,834 --> 00:41:03,771 They automatically assume everything’s gonna be okay. 722 00:41:03,795 --> 00:41:08,265 GAEDCKE: There were multiple times where I was scared, 723 00:41:08,341 --> 00:41:11,091 but I don’t believe I ever panicked. 724 00:41:11,177 --> 00:41:13,927 In retrospect, looking back, 725 00:41:14,013 --> 00:41:18,023 I can really see how impactful it was and how necessary it was. 726 00:41:19,686 --> 00:41:22,436 So this experience taught me that not only 727 00:41:22,522 --> 00:41:24,732 could I function well, I could actually use 728 00:41:24,857 --> 00:41:29,357 my emotions to serve me under pressure. 729 00:41:29,487 --> 00:41:32,197 And I didn’t know I was capable of that. 730 00:41:33,533 --> 00:41:36,993 Are we fascinated by stories of individuals 731 00:41:37,078 --> 00:41:41,168 who cheat death because we believe, or maybe we hope, 732 00:41:41,249 --> 00:41:44,379 that we could survive under similar circumstances? 733 00:41:44,502 --> 00:41:47,552 Of course, the only way to find out 734 00:41:47,630 --> 00:41:50,630 is to actually be thrust into a perilous situation ourselves. 735 00:41:50,717 --> 00:41:53,717 So, perhaps it’s better for us that the reason 736 00:41:53,845 --> 00:41:56,765 why some people live through the impossible 737 00:41:56,889 --> 00:42:00,809 remains... unexplained. 738 00:42:00,893 --> 00:42:02,563 >>>>oakislandtk<<<<< www.opensubtitles.org 59243

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