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1
00:00:06,958 --> 00:00:11,000
Killer crocodiles
that attack without warning.
2
00:00:11,083 --> 00:00:15,333
And great white sharks
that are out for blood.
3
00:00:17,167 --> 00:00:21,000
Since the dawn of civilization,
mankind has known
4
00:00:21,042 --> 00:00:23,208
that wild animals are dangerous,
5
00:00:23,292 --> 00:00:26,625
and if provoked,
they might attack.
6
00:00:26,708 --> 00:00:29,833
But what about when
a deadly predator kills people
7
00:00:29,917 --> 00:00:33,583
not just once
but time and time again?
8
00:00:33,667 --> 00:00:36,292
Is it possible that
some creatures hunt us down
9
00:00:36,375 --> 00:00:38,583
because they actually
have a taste
10
00:00:38,667 --> 00:00:41,167
for human flesh?
11
00:00:41,250 --> 00:00:45,167
Well, that is what
we'll try and find out.
12
00:01:05,208 --> 00:01:07,042
Thousands of workers
have come to this
13
00:01:07,125 --> 00:01:09,167
remote patch of
the African savannah
14
00:01:09,250 --> 00:01:13,250
to build a new railroad
line for the British Empire.
15
00:01:15,208 --> 00:01:17,333
One night, as the men sleep,
16
00:01:17,375 --> 00:01:20,042
they're awakened by
the sound of screaming.
17
00:01:21,625 --> 00:01:23,500
They quickly realize
18
00:01:23,542 --> 00:01:25,875
that a fearsome lion
has crept into the camp
19
00:01:25,958 --> 00:01:28,542
and is attacking
a man in his tent.
20
00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:34,333
A big male
lion entered the tent of a foreman,
21
00:01:34,417 --> 00:01:38,417
seized him by the head, dragged
him out screaming and kicking
22
00:01:38,500 --> 00:01:42,500
into the bush, where, uh, his
remains were found the next day.
23
00:01:42,625 --> 00:01:44,708
And there was
very little left of him.
24
00:01:45,792 --> 00:01:50,083
But his head was left
almost completely intact,
25
00:01:50,167 --> 00:01:53,333
pierced on the sides
by the lion's teeth,
26
00:01:53,375 --> 00:01:58,167
his eyes wide open, frozen
in a look of horror and fear.
27
00:02:00,042 --> 00:02:01,518
The savage
killing of the foreman
28
00:02:01,542 --> 00:02:04,167
marked the beginning
of a vicious murder spree
29
00:02:04,292 --> 00:02:08,667
carried out by not one
but two vicious lions,
30
00:02:08,750 --> 00:02:10,917
who quickly earned the nickname,
31
00:02:11,042 --> 00:02:14,000
the Tsavo Man-Eaters.
32
00:02:14,083 --> 00:02:17,667
The two
man-eaters were particularly large.
33
00:02:17,750 --> 00:02:21,333
They were upwards
of nine feet in length.
34
00:02:21,417 --> 00:02:24,333
We know that these two
lions were both males.
35
00:02:24,417 --> 00:02:26,667
And they don't have
the large iconic manes
36
00:02:26,708 --> 00:02:28,792
that you would expect
of most African lions.
37
00:02:30,583 --> 00:02:33,167
So these lions were
smart. They were patient.
38
00:02:33,250 --> 00:02:37,167
They were able to
effectively hunt their prey,
39
00:02:37,208 --> 00:02:39,542
and if you have the
element of surprise,
40
00:02:39,625 --> 00:02:41,667
humans really can't
do anything about that.
41
00:02:43,250 --> 00:02:47,333
There were 3,000 men
camped along the rail lines,
42
00:02:47,417 --> 00:02:49,500
and that left the
men in tents there
43
00:02:49,583 --> 00:02:51,792
vulnerable to attacks by lions.
44
00:02:53,250 --> 00:02:56,500
The two male lions
descended on railway crews,
45
00:02:56,583 --> 00:03:00,333
and began systematically
hunting, killing
46
00:03:00,417 --> 00:03:04,792
and consuming railway
workers on the edge of this camp.
47
00:03:04,875 --> 00:03:09,292
Of course, the crews
became completely dispirited,
48
00:03:09,375 --> 00:03:11,667
and this sparked panic,
49
00:03:11,792 --> 00:03:16,667
this sparked desperation,
this sparked mass desertion.
50
00:03:17,667 --> 00:03:21,125
It was headline news
back in England at the time,
51
00:03:21,208 --> 00:03:24,042
where in Parliament,
delays in the construction
52
00:03:24,125 --> 00:03:27,000
of the railway were
discussed as being
53
00:03:27,083 --> 00:03:29,667
attributed to these
problematic lions.
54
00:03:30,833 --> 00:03:33,167
News of the
savage attacks carried out
55
00:03:33,250 --> 00:03:37,250
by the Tsavo Man-Eaters
made headlines around the world.
56
00:03:37,375 --> 00:03:40,500
And many began to
wonder why these two lions
57
00:03:40,583 --> 00:03:44,667
were deliberately killing
and eating so many people.
58
00:03:45,917 --> 00:03:49,958
Incidents of man eating
among lions is very unusual.
59
00:03:51,208 --> 00:03:53,708
Lions typically eat zebra,
60
00:03:53,833 --> 00:03:57,833
wildebeest, buffalo,
things that eat grass.
61
00:03:57,875 --> 00:04:03,167
They know their prey very well,
but a man-eating lion must study
62
00:04:03,250 --> 00:04:06,667
the habits of
humans and learn to...
63
00:04:06,708 --> 00:04:09,833
adjust to them in
order to be successful
64
00:04:09,875 --> 00:04:11,625
in their food acquisition.
65
00:04:14,375 --> 00:04:18,292
We don't see
lions attacking and hunting
66
00:04:18,375 --> 00:04:21,958
and trying to go after
people most of the time.
67
00:04:22,042 --> 00:04:24,583
But these two
lions in particular
68
00:04:24,667 --> 00:04:28,083
were sort of committed to
the practice of man eating.
69
00:04:28,167 --> 00:04:30,417
It's possible
70
00:04:30,500 --> 00:04:33,333
that then we became
a preferred food.
71
00:04:35,042 --> 00:04:39,333
On December 9,
1898, nine months after their reign
72
00:04:39,458 --> 00:04:43,792
of terror began, the first
Tsavo lion was shot and killed.
73
00:04:45,833 --> 00:04:49,250
20 days later, the second
lion met the same fate.
74
00:04:50,708 --> 00:04:53,125
But by then, the pair
of man-eaters had
75
00:04:53,208 --> 00:04:55,000
already killed and eaten
76
00:04:55,083 --> 00:04:59,667
an astonishing 135 people.
77
00:04:59,708 --> 00:05:01,750
There's no evidence
78
00:05:01,833 --> 00:05:04,833
that shows that the Tsavo
Man-Eaters were starving.
79
00:05:04,917 --> 00:05:07,917
There was actually
plentiful prey in the area...
80
00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:09,958
Wildebeests,
81
00:05:10,042 --> 00:05:13,667
zebra, gazelles, hippos.
82
00:05:13,750 --> 00:05:17,167
And yet they chose
to eat humans.
83
00:05:17,250 --> 00:05:19,792
It is a very unusual situation.
84
00:05:22,000 --> 00:05:24,167
The Tsavo
Man-Eaters are perhaps the most
85
00:05:24,250 --> 00:05:26,750
infamous lions in history.
86
00:05:26,875 --> 00:05:30,167
Their seemingly insatiable
desire to kill humans
87
00:05:30,208 --> 00:05:32,875
taps into our most primal fears,
88
00:05:32,958 --> 00:05:36,083
and is a reminder that
our ancient ancestors lived
89
00:05:36,208 --> 00:05:40,500
in constant fear of being
attacked by dangerous predators.
90
00:05:41,750 --> 00:05:44,208
Early
on, our ancestors were often
91
00:05:44,333 --> 00:05:47,708
preyed upon because
we don't have giant
92
00:05:47,792 --> 00:05:50,792
claws and armor
and things of that sort.
93
00:05:50,875 --> 00:05:53,917
We've got this big brain
that can help us hopefully
94
00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:56,458
outthink and outcompete
these predators,
95
00:05:56,542 --> 00:06:00,000
but given the right
circumstances,
96
00:06:00,125 --> 00:06:02,458
we're very vulnerable.
97
00:06:03,375 --> 00:06:05,500
We humans like
to think that we're
98
00:06:05,542 --> 00:06:07,708
at the top of the food chain.
99
00:06:07,833 --> 00:06:09,833
But thousands and
thousands of years ago,
100
00:06:09,958 --> 00:06:13,833
we were eaten alive by
almost any and everything.
101
00:06:13,917 --> 00:06:16,625
And what is very
interesting about that is
102
00:06:16,708 --> 00:06:20,083
scientists have
actually shown infants
103
00:06:20,167 --> 00:06:24,000
images of snakes,
images of spiders,
104
00:06:24,083 --> 00:06:26,875
and infants who have never
seen these animals before
105
00:06:26,958 --> 00:06:29,333
will freak out, they'll
show a fear response.
106
00:06:29,417 --> 00:06:31,500
They'll cry. That's
an alarm call.
107
00:06:31,542 --> 00:06:33,583
That is innate. It's in our DNA.
108
00:06:35,708 --> 00:06:37,559
More than a
hundred years after the attacks
109
00:06:37,583 --> 00:06:39,667
by the Tsavo Man-Eaters,
110
00:06:39,750 --> 00:06:42,667
the mystery of what made
these two lions target people
111
00:06:42,708 --> 00:06:45,708
lingers in the public
consciousness.
112
00:06:45,792 --> 00:06:48,667
So much so that their skulls are
113
00:06:48,792 --> 00:06:51,833
on display at the Field
Museum of Natural History
114
00:06:51,917 --> 00:06:54,375
in Chicago, Illinois,
115
00:06:54,500 --> 00:06:56,833
where scientists
continue to study them
116
00:06:56,917 --> 00:07:01,542
in search of clues as to
why they became man-eaters.
117
00:07:01,625 --> 00:07:04,292
And according to
the latest research,
118
00:07:04,375 --> 00:07:06,667
it appears the lions'
murderous rampage
119
00:07:06,708 --> 00:07:10,167
may have ironically
had something to do
120
00:07:10,208 --> 00:07:12,000
with their teeth.
121
00:07:13,208 --> 00:07:16,458
The teeth of
lions, they're used to crack bones
122
00:07:16,542 --> 00:07:19,333
and get the marrow
that's inside them,
123
00:07:19,458 --> 00:07:23,000
and it's quite typical
in lion dentitions to find
124
00:07:23,083 --> 00:07:27,083
missing or broken teeth
associated with this heavy use.
125
00:07:28,208 --> 00:07:31,833
It's not typical, however,
to find dental disease.
126
00:07:31,875 --> 00:07:34,667
Yet, in the case
of the Tsavo lion,
127
00:07:34,750 --> 00:07:37,917
we had a broken
lower right canine
128
00:07:38,000 --> 00:07:43,000
whose pulp cavity was exposed
about a third of an inch across.
129
00:07:43,042 --> 00:07:46,958
That would have been
excruciatingly painful.
130
00:07:47,042 --> 00:07:50,667
This is a cast of the
skull of the first man-eater,
131
00:07:50,750 --> 00:07:55,333
and this is the broken
lower right canine tooth
132
00:07:55,375 --> 00:07:59,042
that ultimately became
diseased and impacted.
133
00:08:00,042 --> 00:08:03,000
This lion would have been
unable to administer the killing bite
134
00:08:03,042 --> 00:08:07,542
that lions use to take
down large, struggling prey.
135
00:08:07,667 --> 00:08:11,167
So we think that the arrival
of the railway workers in camp
136
00:08:11,250 --> 00:08:14,208
happened at
exactly the right time
137
00:08:14,292 --> 00:08:17,000
for this individual lion, that,
138
00:08:17,042 --> 00:08:20,000
as it had become incapable
139
00:08:20,083 --> 00:08:23,667
of taking down buffalo,
it looked on people
140
00:08:23,750 --> 00:08:27,125
with a new eye
and a new appetite.
141
00:08:28,875 --> 00:08:30,851
Did a debilitating
toothache turn the first
142
00:08:30,875 --> 00:08:33,000
Tsavo lion into a man-eater
143
00:08:33,083 --> 00:08:37,292
because humans are softer
prey that were easier to bite?
144
00:08:37,375 --> 00:08:39,875
It's a compelling theory.
145
00:08:39,958 --> 00:08:42,500
But scientists have
verified that the other
146
00:08:42,542 --> 00:08:45,500
Tsavo lion's teeth
were perfectly healthy.
147
00:08:45,542 --> 00:08:48,792
So why did it
join in the killing?
148
00:08:48,875 --> 00:08:52,708
One of the Tsavo
lions had extreme dental issues.
149
00:08:52,792 --> 00:08:56,458
The second lion did not
have those dental injuries.
150
00:08:56,542 --> 00:08:58,833
So why would this lion
go towards humans?
151
00:08:58,958 --> 00:09:00,638
It's because it learned
from the other lion
152
00:09:00,667 --> 00:09:04,417
that humans are an easy target.
153
00:09:04,500 --> 00:09:07,167
Constantly, predators
are-are learning
154
00:09:07,250 --> 00:09:08,583
from success, from failures.
155
00:09:08,667 --> 00:09:09,958
They're learning from others.
156
00:09:10,042 --> 00:09:11,559
They're learning how
to take down prey.
157
00:09:11,583 --> 00:09:13,750
They're learning how to hunt.
158
00:09:13,833 --> 00:09:16,167
And so it's not
surprising to see
159
00:09:16,208 --> 00:09:19,833
that the second man-eater
started eating people as well.
160
00:09:19,875 --> 00:09:22,917
We probably were,
um, an easy meal.
161
00:09:25,292 --> 00:09:28,583
We oftentimes will see an animal
that has killed multiple humans
162
00:09:28,667 --> 00:09:31,083
and think, "Oh, wow,
they're gunning for us."
163
00:09:31,167 --> 00:09:33,750
But we have to really
remember and reframe it
164
00:09:33,833 --> 00:09:37,083
as these are animals that are
doing just what they have to do
165
00:09:37,167 --> 00:09:40,750
to make it into the next
week, the next year.
166
00:09:40,833 --> 00:09:43,792
Just like we would. It's
kind of eat or be eaten.
167
00:09:44,750 --> 00:09:48,917
The story of the
Tsavo man-eating lions
168
00:09:49,042 --> 00:09:52,000
is proof positive that
some animals enjoy
169
00:09:52,083 --> 00:09:54,917
having humans on
the menu, so to speak.
170
00:09:55,000 --> 00:09:58,083
But there's another
creature who reportedly killed
171
00:09:58,208 --> 00:10:02,750
over a hundred people
that is even more unsettling.
172
00:10:03,958 --> 00:10:06,833
A fearsome predator that
roamed the French countryside
173
00:10:06,917 --> 00:10:10,250
and was known as
the Beast of Gévaudan.
174
00:10:18,708 --> 00:10:21,542
On a warm summer
morning in this farming region
175
00:10:21,667 --> 00:10:24,000
of south central France,
176
00:10:24,125 --> 00:10:26,833
14-year-old Jeanne
Boulet leaves home
177
00:10:26,958 --> 00:10:29,000
to tend her flock of sheep.
178
00:10:31,292 --> 00:10:33,875
By sundown, she's dead.
179
00:10:35,750 --> 00:10:38,750
Murdered by a mysterious animal
180
00:10:38,833 --> 00:10:41,458
that reportedly
mutilated her body,
181
00:10:41,542 --> 00:10:43,708
severed her head
182
00:10:43,792 --> 00:10:46,042
and ripped out her heart.
183
00:10:47,042 --> 00:10:50,500
Jeanne Boulet was the
first documented casualty
184
00:10:50,542 --> 00:10:53,417
of a monster that
many people believed
185
00:10:53,542 --> 00:10:55,750
was roaming around
south central France
186
00:10:55,833 --> 00:10:59,667
beginning in the
late spring of 1764.
187
00:10:59,750 --> 00:11:03,167
By the end of September,
another ten or so casualties,
188
00:11:03,292 --> 00:11:05,000
however, had appeared.
189
00:11:05,042 --> 00:11:07,458
Le BĂȘte du GĂ©vaudan,
190
00:11:07,542 --> 00:11:09,542
also known as the
Beast of Gévaudan,
191
00:11:09,625 --> 00:11:11,583
was a mysterious
wolflike creature
192
00:11:11,708 --> 00:11:14,625
which mounted a
murderous rampage
193
00:11:14,708 --> 00:11:18,000
over a three-year span
within the 18th century.
194
00:11:19,042 --> 00:11:21,833
The beast frequently attacked
women and young children
195
00:11:21,917 --> 00:11:25,333
who had been assigned the
task of herding sheep and cattle
196
00:11:25,458 --> 00:11:27,250
in remote mountainous meadows.
197
00:11:27,375 --> 00:11:28,833
And in many cases,
198
00:11:28,875 --> 00:11:30,667
they were rather
defenseless and vulnerable.
199
00:11:32,542 --> 00:11:36,250
Between 1764 and 1767,
200
00:11:36,375 --> 00:11:38,125
the so-called Beast of Gévaudan
201
00:11:38,208 --> 00:11:40,375
terrorized the Margeride
mountain region
202
00:11:40,500 --> 00:11:42,333
of southern France.
203
00:11:43,833 --> 00:11:46,083
According to historical records,
204
00:11:46,208 --> 00:11:50,333
more than 100 people
were brutally killed.
205
00:11:52,042 --> 00:11:53,833
The Beast of
the Gévaudan's ravages
206
00:11:53,958 --> 00:11:56,333
did incite panic
among the people.
207
00:11:56,458 --> 00:11:59,625
And we know this largely
from evidence from journalists
208
00:11:59,708 --> 00:12:01,333
and others who were
commenting about
209
00:12:01,417 --> 00:12:03,167
the activities of the beast.
210
00:12:03,250 --> 00:12:07,167
By early 1765, newspapers
all across France
211
00:12:07,208 --> 00:12:10,000
and, indeed, all across
Europe and in America
212
00:12:10,042 --> 00:12:12,958
were reporting on the
Beast of the Gévaudan...
213
00:12:13,042 --> 00:12:15,833
His exploits, the various
hunts for the beast,
214
00:12:15,917 --> 00:12:18,042
the various mysteries
surrounding it...
215
00:12:18,125 --> 00:12:21,708
Which is why so many people
were transfixed by this story.
216
00:12:23,042 --> 00:12:25,333
There were many
attempts to hunt down the beast.
217
00:12:25,417 --> 00:12:28,542
People in the Gévaudan
region typically did not own guns,
218
00:12:28,625 --> 00:12:30,458
but there were posses formed.
219
00:12:30,542 --> 00:12:32,667
Groups that would go out
in the woods and literally
220
00:12:32,750 --> 00:12:35,333
beat the brush with
pitchforks, sticks,
221
00:12:35,417 --> 00:12:38,042
knives, whatever types
of weapons were available.
222
00:12:38,167 --> 00:12:40,917
However, the hunt for
the beast really ramped up
223
00:12:41,042 --> 00:12:44,083
when King Louis
XV became involved.
224
00:12:44,167 --> 00:12:47,750
He brought in a professional
wolf hunter named d'Enneval,
225
00:12:47,875 --> 00:12:50,458
who allegedly killed
over a hundred wolves,
226
00:12:50,542 --> 00:12:52,458
but the killing
still did not end.
227
00:12:53,708 --> 00:12:57,167
According to multiple
reports, the beast resembled a wolf
228
00:12:57,208 --> 00:13:00,792
but was unlike any canine
that was known to man.
229
00:13:02,250 --> 00:13:05,458
Many of the local
villagers noted as saying it resembles
230
00:13:05,542 --> 00:13:09,083
a very large wolf, but the
Beast of Gévaudan attacked
231
00:13:09,167 --> 00:13:13,417
and killed people in a nature
that was very unlike a wolf.
232
00:13:14,917 --> 00:13:16,667
The nature of these attacks,
233
00:13:16,708 --> 00:13:17,934
the way that this thing -
234
00:13:17,958 --> 00:13:20,583
was decapitating people,
235
00:13:20,708 --> 00:13:22,833
disemboweling people,
236
00:13:22,958 --> 00:13:24,518
this was something
completely different.
237
00:13:25,625 --> 00:13:29,208
One of the reasons this
becomes such a magnetic story
238
00:13:29,292 --> 00:13:32,333
is because there were
always new strange stories
239
00:13:32,375 --> 00:13:33,833
about the beast's behavior,
240
00:13:33,917 --> 00:13:36,250
its appearance,
its strange abilities.
241
00:13:37,250 --> 00:13:40,958
The peasants on the
ground were describing it
242
00:13:41,042 --> 00:13:45,125
as having the ability
to walk on its hind legs,
243
00:13:45,208 --> 00:13:50,458
glowing eyes, and having five
or six talons rather than four.
244
00:13:51,875 --> 00:13:54,875
They didn't use
the word "werewolf."
245
00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:58,250
They used descriptions of
this creature that made it easy
246
00:13:58,333 --> 00:14:00,917
to believe that this could
indeed be a werewolf.
247
00:14:02,917 --> 00:14:05,292
The Beast of
Gévaudan is one of France's
248
00:14:05,375 --> 00:14:08,167
most enduring and
popular mysteries.
249
00:14:08,250 --> 00:14:09,792
There are museums.
250
00:14:10,708 --> 00:14:12,667
There are statues.
251
00:14:12,750 --> 00:14:15,000
There are songs.
There are stories.
252
00:14:15,125 --> 00:14:18,208
This was like a
real-life nightmare.
253
00:14:18,292 --> 00:14:20,167
To this day, the
Beast of Gévaudan
254
00:14:20,250 --> 00:14:22,875
is celebrated in French culture,
255
00:14:22,958 --> 00:14:24,958
and it really has a
profound effect on people.
256
00:14:26,292 --> 00:14:29,542
The descriptions
of the beast were so terrifying
257
00:14:29,625 --> 00:14:31,875
that it's not surprising
locals thought
258
00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:36,208
it was some kind of
supernatural monster.
259
00:14:36,292 --> 00:14:39,167
But there were
scientists at the time
260
00:14:39,250 --> 00:14:42,125
who proposed a different theory.
261
00:14:42,208 --> 00:14:44,833
Among the many
hypotheses that emerged
262
00:14:44,917 --> 00:14:47,167
was that the beast might
be an African hyena.
263
00:14:47,250 --> 00:14:51,333
The hyena was this
very mysterious creature
264
00:14:51,417 --> 00:14:54,500
that lots of naturalists
and others wrote about
265
00:14:54,583 --> 00:14:57,333
in the 1750s and '60s.
266
00:14:57,417 --> 00:14:59,875
The general description of
267
00:14:59,958 --> 00:15:02,583
the Beast of Gévaudan
was a wolflike creature
268
00:15:02,708 --> 00:15:06,917
but bigger, the size of a
mule or a calf, perhaps.
269
00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:09,250
It had a large head.
270
00:15:09,375 --> 00:15:12,875
It had a long muzzle,
lined with razor-sharp teeth.
271
00:15:12,958 --> 00:15:15,167
Pointy ears.
272
00:15:15,292 --> 00:15:18,292
A long tail with a
tuft of fur on the end.
273
00:15:19,500 --> 00:15:21,500
The coat of fur was
typically described
274
00:15:21,583 --> 00:15:25,750
as a reddish brown or
gray, with a black stripe
275
00:15:25,833 --> 00:15:28,417
running down the
back, and a white breast.
276
00:15:29,500 --> 00:15:31,417
These are hyena-like
characteristics.
277
00:15:34,333 --> 00:15:36,917
Back in the day,
kings and even people of status
278
00:15:37,042 --> 00:15:39,750
had exotic pets,
they had exotic zoos.
279
00:15:39,833 --> 00:15:42,125
Who's to say that a
hyena didn't escape?
280
00:15:42,208 --> 00:15:44,917
If you take a
look at the victims,
281
00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:49,333
their chest cavities torn
apart, their limbs missing,
282
00:15:49,458 --> 00:15:51,750
their heads decapitated.
283
00:15:51,833 --> 00:15:55,167
This all resembles
attacks of a hyena.
284
00:15:56,833 --> 00:16:00,250
Could the Beast of Gévaudan
have been an escaped African hyena?
285
00:16:00,333 --> 00:16:02,167
Perhaps.
286
00:16:02,250 --> 00:16:04,583
But some researchers
have suggested
287
00:16:04,667 --> 00:16:07,292
a less exotic possibility.
288
00:16:07,375 --> 00:16:09,500
There are a
number of arguments for
289
00:16:09,542 --> 00:16:12,583
the Beast of Gévaudan
actually being a killer wolf.
290
00:16:14,208 --> 00:16:18,000
Wolves typically are very
timid animals around humans.
291
00:16:18,042 --> 00:16:20,667
But there have been
some 9,000 wolf attacks
292
00:16:20,750 --> 00:16:23,167
in France over the centuries.
293
00:16:23,292 --> 00:16:26,542
And there was also a theory
that the beast attacks may have
294
00:16:26,625 --> 00:16:30,292
been perpetrated by a wolf
that had come down with rabies.
295
00:16:31,375 --> 00:16:34,042
According to
experts, rabid wolves often lose
296
00:16:34,167 --> 00:16:38,333
their innate fear of humans,
and walk with a strange gait.
297
00:16:39,375 --> 00:16:41,833
Which are behaviors described
in the eyewitness accounts
298
00:16:41,958 --> 00:16:44,083
of the Beast of Gévaudan.
299
00:16:46,125 --> 00:16:49,667
But while the rabid wolf
theory may make sense,
300
00:16:49,792 --> 00:16:51,917
the best clue
scientists have today
301
00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:54,167
about the beast's identity
302
00:16:54,208 --> 00:16:57,500
was obtained on the day
it was reportedly killed.
303
00:16:58,917 --> 00:17:00,833
The beast's reign
of terror ended
304
00:17:00,917 --> 00:17:04,500
on June 19, 1767,
305
00:17:04,583 --> 00:17:07,042
when a local hunter
named Jean Chastel
306
00:17:07,125 --> 00:17:09,208
felled the monster
307
00:17:09,292 --> 00:17:11,375
with one shot
of a silver bullet.
308
00:17:15,958 --> 00:17:18,333
After Chastel shot
this strange creature,
309
00:17:18,375 --> 00:17:20,500
the killings actually
stopped, so everyone was
310
00:17:20,625 --> 00:17:23,250
in agreement that-that he
had actually killed the beast.
311
00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:28,083
A surgeon who conducted
an autopsy determined
312
00:17:28,208 --> 00:17:31,375
that while it resembled
a wolf, it was not a wolf.
313
00:17:31,458 --> 00:17:34,000
And in fact, it
possessed 40 teeth
314
00:17:34,125 --> 00:17:36,792
compared to a wolf's 42 teeth,
315
00:17:36,875 --> 00:17:39,208
which is quite strange.
316
00:17:41,208 --> 00:17:43,500
The beast's remains
were paraded around
317
00:17:43,583 --> 00:17:46,167
the Gévaudan region
for weeks thereafter.
318
00:17:46,292 --> 00:17:48,208
And by the time the
carcass was taken
319
00:17:48,333 --> 00:17:51,042
to the Palace of
Versailles and presented
320
00:17:51,167 --> 00:17:54,125
to King Louis XV,
it was so smelly
321
00:17:54,208 --> 00:17:56,000
that he immediately demanded
322
00:17:56,083 --> 00:17:57,583
that it be removed
from the palace.
323
00:17:57,667 --> 00:17:59,750
And to this day, nobody
knows what happened
324
00:17:59,833 --> 00:18:01,458
to those remains...
They vanished.
325
00:18:02,917 --> 00:18:04,875
Ultimately, while
some people feel
326
00:18:05,000 --> 00:18:08,833
the Beast of Gévaudan may have
been a supernatural phenomenon,
327
00:18:08,917 --> 00:18:13,333
the deaths, the occurrences
documented, they're real.
328
00:18:13,417 --> 00:18:17,708
And the Beast of Gévaudan
remains a great mystery.
329
00:18:19,375 --> 00:18:23,000
Was the Beast of
Gévaudan a common wolf
330
00:18:23,083 --> 00:18:25,208
or something even
more terrifying?
331
00:18:26,250 --> 00:18:29,208
Either way, this deadly
creature drove fear
332
00:18:29,292 --> 00:18:31,542
into the hearts of
people all over France.
333
00:18:31,667 --> 00:18:35,333
And that was also the case
more than a century later,
334
00:18:35,417 --> 00:18:39,083
in the United States, when
a wave of panic was caused
335
00:18:39,208 --> 00:18:43,292
by the attacks of
a great white shark.
336
00:18:51,708 --> 00:18:54,167
25-year-old
Charles Vansant is swimming
337
00:18:54,250 --> 00:18:56,250
in the brisk Atlantic waters
338
00:18:56,333 --> 00:18:58,542
off the coast of this
resort community...
339
00:18:59,542 --> 00:19:02,583
when he's suddenly
attacked by a massive shark.
340
00:19:05,333 --> 00:19:07,750
Lifeguards pull
Vansant from the water
341
00:19:07,833 --> 00:19:11,167
and see that his left thigh
has been stripped of its flesh
342
00:19:11,292 --> 00:19:14,583
by a massive set
of razor-sharp jaws.
343
00:19:15,583 --> 00:19:17,167
The story is that they had to
344
00:19:17,208 --> 00:19:18,917
almost wrestle him
away from the shark.
345
00:19:19,042 --> 00:19:21,708
As they pulled him ashore
with the shark following him still,
346
00:19:21,792 --> 00:19:23,667
his father, who was a
doctor, operated on him
347
00:19:23,708 --> 00:19:25,208
or tried to save his life,
348
00:19:25,292 --> 00:19:27,333
but he died of... of
a flesh wound to...
349
00:19:27,375 --> 00:19:29,833
a bite on his...
his thigh, actually,
350
00:19:29,958 --> 00:19:32,250
and, uh, loss of blood.
351
00:19:33,833 --> 00:19:36,167
The gory death
of Charles Vansant was
352
00:19:36,250 --> 00:19:40,250
the first recorded fatal
shark attack in U.S. history.
353
00:19:41,208 --> 00:19:44,167
And then on July 6th,
354
00:19:44,250 --> 00:19:47,500
a mere five days after
Vansant was killed,
355
00:19:47,583 --> 00:19:51,208
there was another attack
along the Jersey Shore.
356
00:19:51,292 --> 00:19:55,250
Charles Bruder, who
was a 27-year-old
357
00:19:55,333 --> 00:19:57,167
Swiss native who
was in the army,
358
00:19:57,208 --> 00:19:59,083
went for a swim,
359
00:19:59,167 --> 00:20:01,625
and 1,200 feet out, in
the middle of the day,
360
00:20:01,708 --> 00:20:03,708
was attacked and bitten
361
00:20:03,792 --> 00:20:05,333
by what appeared
to be about an eight-
362
00:20:05,417 --> 00:20:07,458
or nine-foot great white shark
363
00:20:07,542 --> 00:20:10,167
that severed his legs
and a part of his torso.
364
00:20:10,208 --> 00:20:13,333
By the time the
lifeguards got out there,
365
00:20:13,417 --> 00:20:15,375
there was hardly
anything to lift into the boat.
366
00:20:16,583 --> 00:20:20,750
This second deadly
attack was widely reported in newspapers
367
00:20:20,833 --> 00:20:25,000
across the country, and
set off a nationwide panic.
368
00:20:25,083 --> 00:20:28,250
Many people believed
it was no longer safe
369
00:20:28,333 --> 00:20:30,833
to swim in the ocean off
the coast of New Jersey.
370
00:20:30,917 --> 00:20:34,667
And several beaches were
closed by the authorities.
371
00:20:34,750 --> 00:20:37,500
The public reaction
was hysterical.
372
00:20:37,542 --> 00:20:40,208
There were calls all the
way up to President Wilson.
373
00:20:40,292 --> 00:20:42,833
Woodrow Wilson
had a cabinet meeting
374
00:20:42,875 --> 00:20:45,833
and talked to the early men
who founded the Coast Guard
375
00:20:45,917 --> 00:20:48,292
about eradicating all the
sharks on the East Coast.
376
00:20:48,375 --> 00:20:51,375
Bounties were given
by towns and cities,
377
00:20:51,458 --> 00:20:55,833
and anybody that could
kill any shark could get $100.
378
00:20:55,917 --> 00:21:00,042
You had fishermen going
out, catching and killing sharks.
379
00:21:00,125 --> 00:21:02,500
And it wasn't just
in New Jersey.
380
00:21:02,542 --> 00:21:05,167
It was all up and down
the Eastern Seaboard
381
00:21:05,292 --> 00:21:09,208
and even infiltrated
into the coastal states,
382
00:21:09,333 --> 00:21:11,542
Texas, Louisiana,
383
00:21:11,625 --> 00:21:15,750
and as far as the Pacific
coast of North America.
384
00:21:16,917 --> 00:21:19,125
Less than one
week after Charles Bruder
385
00:21:19,208 --> 00:21:21,125
was killed, on July 12th,
386
00:21:21,208 --> 00:21:25,667
three more people were attacked
by what many witnesses claimed
387
00:21:25,708 --> 00:21:28,458
was an eight- or
nine-foot shark.
388
00:21:28,542 --> 00:21:31,750
Curiously, all five of
these incidents took place
389
00:21:31,833 --> 00:21:35,417
along a 50-mile stretch
off the coast of New Jersey.
390
00:21:35,500 --> 00:21:38,208
Because of their proximity
and the similarities
391
00:21:38,292 --> 00:21:40,542
between eyewitness accounts,
392
00:21:40,625 --> 00:21:43,625
many began to wonder
whether the horrific attacks
393
00:21:43,708 --> 00:21:48,750
could have been the
work of a single killer shark.
394
00:21:48,833 --> 00:21:51,417
The New
Jersey attacks are so strange,
395
00:21:51,500 --> 00:21:54,417
'cause sharks don't kill people
with any kind of regularity
396
00:21:54,542 --> 00:21:56,333
and nobody witnesses it
397
00:21:56,375 --> 00:21:58,250
with any kind of
regularity when it happens.
398
00:21:58,333 --> 00:22:00,333
But the concept of a rogue shark
399
00:22:00,417 --> 00:22:02,250
that kills or
injuries one person
400
00:22:02,333 --> 00:22:04,542
and that gets a
taste for human flesh
401
00:22:04,625 --> 00:22:07,292
and goes after another
like a serial killer,
402
00:22:07,375 --> 00:22:09,000
the Jersey Shore may
be the best evidence
403
00:22:09,083 --> 00:22:10,833
we have that that's
ever happened.
404
00:22:10,875 --> 00:22:13,375
On July 14, 1916,
405
00:22:13,458 --> 00:22:16,375
two weeks after
the first fatal attack,
406
00:22:16,500 --> 00:22:19,333
a taxidermist named
Michael Schleisser caught
407
00:22:19,375 --> 00:22:23,542
a seven-and-a-half-foot,
325-pound great white shark
408
00:22:23,625 --> 00:22:27,083
off the northern end
of the Jersey Shore.
409
00:22:28,125 --> 00:22:31,125
After cutting open its stomach,
authorities found what appeared
410
00:22:31,208 --> 00:22:34,500
to be partially digested
human remains.
411
00:22:35,833 --> 00:22:39,792
There are many who believe
that this great white shark was
412
00:22:39,875 --> 00:22:43,167
responsible for all five
attacks that took place,
413
00:22:43,208 --> 00:22:45,667
four of which were fatal.
414
00:22:45,708 --> 00:22:48,875
Fatal shark attacks
on humans are seldom
415
00:22:48,958 --> 00:22:50,833
predatory for feeding.
416
00:22:50,917 --> 00:22:53,875
So what was going on
that would cause a series
417
00:22:53,958 --> 00:22:58,125
of five attacks over
a 11-day period,
418
00:22:58,208 --> 00:22:59,875
what was behind all of this?
419
00:23:01,000 --> 00:23:02,708
People panicked.
420
00:23:02,792 --> 00:23:05,667
No one wanted
to go in the ocean.
421
00:23:05,750 --> 00:23:09,875
So its effect on individuals,
citizens, was enormous.
422
00:23:10,875 --> 00:23:13,500
And it was something
that, to this day,
423
00:23:13,583 --> 00:23:16,000
still has an effect on us.
424
00:23:17,208 --> 00:23:20,292
The 1916 Jersey
Shore attacks helped to popularize
425
00:23:20,375 --> 00:23:24,042
the notion of sharks
as deadly man-eaters.
426
00:23:25,042 --> 00:23:27,333
More than 50 years
later, the killings inspired
427
00:23:27,375 --> 00:23:30,500
the 1974 novel Jaws
by Peter Benchley,
428
00:23:30,542 --> 00:23:33,167
which became the basis
of the blockbuster film
429
00:23:33,292 --> 00:23:35,667
made by Steven
Spielberg that terrorized
430
00:23:35,708 --> 00:23:38,542
generations of beachgoers.
431
00:23:39,875 --> 00:23:42,667
But despite their
bad reputation,
432
00:23:42,750 --> 00:23:46,708
the truth is that sharks
rarely kill humans.
433
00:23:46,833 --> 00:23:49,167
According to statistics gathered
434
00:23:49,292 --> 00:23:51,083
by the International
Shark Attack File,
435
00:23:51,208 --> 00:23:55,167
on average, there are
only five fatal shark attacks
436
00:23:55,208 --> 00:23:57,042
worldwide per year.
437
00:23:58,042 --> 00:24:00,500
So why does the
belief persist that
438
00:24:00,542 --> 00:24:03,917
some sharks are a
serious threat to humans?
439
00:24:06,042 --> 00:24:08,750
Over the years, sharks,
especially white sharks,
440
00:24:08,833 --> 00:24:10,833
have been portrayed as killers.
441
00:24:10,875 --> 00:24:14,042
Unfortunately, people
are killed from time to time.
442
00:24:14,125 --> 00:24:16,333
It has been postulated
443
00:24:16,375 --> 00:24:18,708
that white sharks' hunting has
444
00:24:18,792 --> 00:24:23,000
similarities into the tactics
utilized by serial killers.
445
00:24:24,125 --> 00:24:27,750
Serial killers use what is
referred to as an anchor point,
446
00:24:27,833 --> 00:24:30,875
which is where they
will sit and watch
447
00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:33,292
and pick their victim.
448
00:24:33,375 --> 00:24:35,333
White sharks do the same thing.
449
00:24:35,375 --> 00:24:38,333
White sharks like
to hunt stealth,
450
00:24:38,458 --> 00:24:41,458
where the intended
victim can't see them.
451
00:24:43,167 --> 00:24:45,500
A lot of people
often look at sharks and think
452
00:24:45,542 --> 00:24:47,375
that there's nothing going on.
453
00:24:47,458 --> 00:24:49,958
But great whites are
intelligent animals.
454
00:24:50,042 --> 00:24:52,500
We've watched great
whites attack seals.
455
00:24:52,583 --> 00:24:56,500
And you'll find the older
great whites will pick out
456
00:24:56,542 --> 00:24:59,042
specific individuals,
usually young ones.
457
00:25:00,417 --> 00:25:02,333
It's very methodical.
458
00:25:02,417 --> 00:25:05,750
So it is 100% possible
459
00:25:05,833 --> 00:25:08,500
that some sharks
like the taste of people.
460
00:25:09,875 --> 00:25:12,500
Are there
certain sharks that specifically
461
00:25:12,625 --> 00:25:15,792
and methodically hunt people?
462
00:25:15,875 --> 00:25:19,708
Some marine biologists
have suggested it's possible.
463
00:25:19,792 --> 00:25:23,500
But if this theory is true, then
what's even more disturbing
464
00:25:23,583 --> 00:25:27,208
is that a killer shark
may keep stalking people
465
00:25:27,292 --> 00:25:30,292
for a very long, long time.
466
00:25:31,583 --> 00:25:34,625
Great whites can live
to be 80-plus years old.
467
00:25:34,708 --> 00:25:37,333
There are some accounts
of specimens being over 100.
468
00:25:38,375 --> 00:25:41,333
They study their subjects
just like a serial killer.
469
00:25:41,375 --> 00:25:44,500
They learn from their
mistakes just like a serial killer.
470
00:25:44,625 --> 00:25:47,083
That's terrifying.
471
00:25:48,750 --> 00:25:51,542
Is it possible that some sharks
472
00:25:51,625 --> 00:25:54,292
methodically stalk human beings?
473
00:25:54,375 --> 00:25:56,042
Perhaps.
474
00:25:56,125 --> 00:25:58,208
But there is one
man-eating creature
475
00:25:58,292 --> 00:26:00,292
that we know has definitely
476
00:26:00,375 --> 00:26:03,375
been targeting
humans for decades.
477
00:26:03,458 --> 00:26:06,292
A massive crocodile
478
00:26:06,375 --> 00:26:07,917
that doesn't eat its victims
479
00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:10,667
but rather appears
to kill people
480
00:26:10,750 --> 00:26:13,167
just for the thrill of it.
481
00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:22,792
February 19, 1945.
482
00:26:23,667 --> 00:26:26,000
On this 500-square-mile island,
483
00:26:26,042 --> 00:26:30,000
Allied British forces drive
1,000 Japanese soldiers
484
00:26:30,083 --> 00:26:34,583
deep into the murky
waters of a ten-mile swamp.
485
00:26:36,042 --> 00:26:39,000
But as night falls, the
Japanese soon realize
486
00:26:39,125 --> 00:26:42,708
that they're being hunted by
a very different kind of enemy,
487
00:26:42,792 --> 00:26:45,917
as one by one, they're killed
488
00:26:46,042 --> 00:26:49,125
by a group of
massive crocodiles.
489
00:26:51,417 --> 00:26:55,500
These crocodiles were
giant... 15, 16 feet long...
490
00:26:55,583 --> 00:26:58,792
And they went on
a killing rampage.
491
00:27:00,708 --> 00:27:04,750
There were accounts
of bloodcurdling screams
492
00:27:04,833 --> 00:27:07,750
from men trying
to save other men
493
00:27:07,833 --> 00:27:11,000
from the jaws of
hungry crocodiles.
494
00:27:11,083 --> 00:27:14,167
During the night,
those crocodiles killed
495
00:27:14,292 --> 00:27:16,958
over 500 people.
496
00:27:18,583 --> 00:27:22,833
It's the classic example
of a crocodile feeding frenzy.
497
00:27:23,833 --> 00:27:25,875
The men who were
forced into the swamp
498
00:27:25,958 --> 00:27:28,833
had wounds, they
were bleeding anyway.
499
00:27:28,917 --> 00:27:30,667
That's a sure
sign for a crocodile
500
00:27:30,708 --> 00:27:32,333
to start attacking,
the smell of blood.
501
00:27:33,458 --> 00:27:36,708
It must have been something
unbelievable to go through.
502
00:27:36,792 --> 00:27:38,833
I think the situation was
503
00:27:38,917 --> 00:27:42,000
an encroachment of the humans
into the crocodiles' territory.
504
00:27:42,083 --> 00:27:45,667
And the crocodiles were
just seizing an opportunity.
505
00:27:45,708 --> 00:27:47,667
It's like getting a free meal.
506
00:27:47,708 --> 00:27:50,000
You're not gonna turn it down.
507
00:27:50,083 --> 00:27:52,417
By morning,
less than half of the 1,000
508
00:27:52,500 --> 00:27:56,833
Japanese soldiers who entered
the swamp came out alive.
509
00:27:56,958 --> 00:27:58,917
Because of the
incredible death toll,
510
00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:00,875
the incident at Ramree Island
511
00:28:00,958 --> 00:28:03,083
is considered by
some to be the worst
512
00:28:03,167 --> 00:28:06,708
crocodile attack ever recorded.
513
00:28:06,833 --> 00:28:11,083
It's also a grim
reminder that crocodiles
514
00:28:11,167 --> 00:28:14,208
are one of the
deadliest and oldest
515
00:28:14,292 --> 00:28:16,417
species on the planet.
516
00:28:16,500 --> 00:28:20,958
Crocodiles have been around
for over 240 million years.
517
00:28:22,417 --> 00:28:26,167
Way before birds, mammals
and modern-day reptiles.
518
00:28:26,208 --> 00:28:29,500
Crocodiles appeared
25 million years
519
00:28:29,542 --> 00:28:32,750
before the dinosaurs and
are their closest living relatives.
520
00:28:32,833 --> 00:28:36,500
They share a lot of the
same features as dinosaurs,
521
00:28:36,583 --> 00:28:40,750
including hip-like arrangements
that you can see in birds,
522
00:28:40,833 --> 00:28:43,000
and they have teeth in sockets,
523
00:28:43,042 --> 00:28:46,333
unlike teeth that are
fused to the jawbone.
524
00:28:48,208 --> 00:28:51,458
Since the very
beginning of our evolution,
525
00:28:51,542 --> 00:28:53,667
we have lived
alongside crocodiles
526
00:28:53,708 --> 00:28:56,042
and have been eaten
by crocodiles throughout.
527
00:28:57,125 --> 00:29:00,333
They're known for their
strength or their ferocity.
528
00:29:01,958 --> 00:29:05,083
And we're really a snack to
some of the larger crocodiles.
529
00:29:06,667 --> 00:29:08,333
East Africa.
530
00:29:08,417 --> 00:29:12,208
At 410 miles long and
nearly 5,000 feet deep,
531
00:29:12,333 --> 00:29:16,583
Lake Tanganyika on the border
of Tanzania and the Congo is
532
00:29:16,667 --> 00:29:20,125
the longest and second deepest
freshwater lake in the world.
533
00:29:21,083 --> 00:29:23,500
Thousands of people
rely on it to survive,
534
00:29:23,625 --> 00:29:26,833
even though they
are aware of a terror
535
00:29:26,917 --> 00:29:29,417
lurking beneath its surface.
536
00:29:30,750 --> 00:29:36,333
A massive crocodile that the
locals have nicknamed Gustave.
537
00:29:36,417 --> 00:29:40,500
Gustave is an
infamous Nile crocodile.
538
00:29:40,542 --> 00:29:42,667
He's supposedly over 18 feet
539
00:29:42,792 --> 00:29:45,833
and weighs over 2,000 pounds.
540
00:29:45,917 --> 00:29:47,500
And experts also
believe he's anywhere
541
00:29:47,583 --> 00:29:50,500
from 80 to 90 years old.
542
00:29:50,542 --> 00:29:53,167
He is a prolific man-eater.
543
00:29:54,500 --> 00:29:56,750
These victims were women,
544
00:29:56,833 --> 00:29:59,042
were children, were fishermen.
545
00:30:00,667 --> 00:30:02,833
Gustave is a killing machine.
546
00:30:02,875 --> 00:30:05,917
Accounts of people
being taken by Gustave
547
00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:08,250
are pretty rife out
there in the villages.
548
00:30:08,333 --> 00:30:10,958
The locals want him dead
because they believed he was
549
00:30:11,042 --> 00:30:13,667
the monster crocodile
that was habituating
550
00:30:13,792 --> 00:30:15,417
that lower section of river
551
00:30:15,500 --> 00:30:17,458
and was responsible
for all those deaths.
552
00:30:17,542 --> 00:30:20,333
He's definitely been
shot at a couple of times.
553
00:30:20,417 --> 00:30:22,417
There's a scar on his head,
and there's another one
554
00:30:22,500 --> 00:30:23,875
between his shoulders.
555
00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:25,917
But what also made
killing him difficult
556
00:30:26,000 --> 00:30:29,000
is that Gustave often
disappeared for months on end.
557
00:30:29,042 --> 00:30:32,083
At one point in time, nobody
saw him for 18 months.
558
00:30:32,167 --> 00:30:35,833
So far, no one
has been able to capture
559
00:30:35,875 --> 00:30:39,083
or kill this deadly crocodile.
560
00:30:39,167 --> 00:30:41,875
It is estimated that
Gustave is responsible
561
00:30:41,958 --> 00:30:47,042
for killing at least 300 people
between 1987 and 2015.
562
00:30:47,125 --> 00:30:50,250
But, curiously, it
seems that Gustave
563
00:30:50,333 --> 00:30:53,833
doesn't always eat his victims.
564
00:30:53,917 --> 00:30:57,375
According to the locals,
he may hunt humans
565
00:30:57,458 --> 00:31:00,417
simply because he enjoys it.
566
00:31:00,500 --> 00:31:03,458
Gustave has claimed
many, many victims.
567
00:31:03,542 --> 00:31:06,708
More than any other
crocodile in history.
568
00:31:06,833 --> 00:31:09,000
If you look at the
sheer number of people
569
00:31:09,083 --> 00:31:11,375
that Gustave has killed,
and the fact that he doesn't
570
00:31:11,458 --> 00:31:14,750
always eat his
victims, it's puzzling.
571
00:31:14,833 --> 00:31:16,958
It's almost as if he's
doing it for sport.
572
00:31:18,125 --> 00:31:20,125
Most villagers
think that Gustave picks on
573
00:31:20,208 --> 00:31:21,750
human beings in particular.
574
00:31:21,833 --> 00:31:23,208
There's rumors about how
575
00:31:23,292 --> 00:31:25,917
he follows and he
stalks his-his prey.
576
00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:28,667
He watches you.
577
00:31:28,792 --> 00:31:31,708
He has a memory...
He knows who's where,
578
00:31:31,792 --> 00:31:33,333
he knows where
the boat ramps are.
579
00:31:33,417 --> 00:31:36,333
We don't hear about many
serial man-eating crocodiles,
580
00:31:36,458 --> 00:31:38,250
so from a scientific
point of view,
581
00:31:38,333 --> 00:31:40,875
it's also a bit of an enigma.
582
00:31:42,375 --> 00:31:46,083
The last known
sighting of Gustave was in 2015,
583
00:31:46,167 --> 00:31:48,750
but the fear that he will
reemerge from the waters
584
00:31:48,833 --> 00:31:53,333
of Lake Tanganyika has kept
authorities on constant alert,
585
00:31:53,458 --> 00:31:55,958
in the hope that they
can capture Gustave
586
00:31:56,042 --> 00:31:59,542
before he kills again.
587
00:32:00,750 --> 00:32:04,000
None of us know if
Gustave is actually still alive.
588
00:32:04,042 --> 00:32:07,458
He's so famous that if
he had died or been killed,
589
00:32:07,542 --> 00:32:10,792
somebody would have had
that skin or had that skeleton
590
00:32:10,875 --> 00:32:13,000
or taken some
photos or something.
591
00:32:13,125 --> 00:32:17,000
So I wouldn't be surprised
if he's still out there.
592
00:32:17,083 --> 00:32:20,792
The idea that a
2,000-pound crocodile
593
00:32:20,875 --> 00:32:22,917
enjoys attacking humans
594
00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:25,000
is frightening,
to say the least.
595
00:32:25,042 --> 00:32:28,542
But in Russia, many believe
it was a darker motivation
596
00:32:28,667 --> 00:32:32,167
that caused a fearsome
tiger to take a human life.
597
00:32:32,250 --> 00:32:35,417
Because this predator
may have killed its victim
598
00:32:35,500 --> 00:32:38,208
as an act of revenge.
599
00:32:46,708 --> 00:32:50,000
In the cold,
unforgiving forests of eastern Siberia,
600
00:32:50,083 --> 00:32:53,083
a local hunter named
Vladimir Markov discovers
601
00:32:53,167 --> 00:32:55,000
the bloody carcass
of a wild boar
602
00:32:55,042 --> 00:32:56,958
lying half-eaten in the snow.
603
00:32:58,333 --> 00:33:01,292
He instantly realizes
he's in great danger,
604
00:33:01,375 --> 00:33:04,042
because he has just
stumbled upon a fresh kill
605
00:33:04,167 --> 00:33:07,375
made by one of Russia's
most dangerous predators.
606
00:33:08,625 --> 00:33:11,167
The Siberian tiger.
607
00:33:11,250 --> 00:33:14,000
At the point where
Vladimir Markov realized
608
00:33:14,083 --> 00:33:17,042
that he was coming upon
a tiger's kill, he knew that
609
00:33:17,125 --> 00:33:19,333
the tiger will still be
there, because it'll still feed
610
00:33:19,417 --> 00:33:21,497
upon that kill until there's
nothing left to feed on.
611
00:33:21,542 --> 00:33:24,083
So if he doesn't
shoot that tiger first,
612
00:33:24,208 --> 00:33:26,125
the tiger will kill him.
613
00:33:26,208 --> 00:33:29,167
So it was a case for
him of "kill or be killed."
614
00:33:30,250 --> 00:33:32,708
As the tiger
approached Markov to defend its kill,
615
00:33:32,833 --> 00:33:35,000
he fired his rifle.
616
00:33:35,083 --> 00:33:37,417
But only wounded the angry cat.
617
00:33:37,500 --> 00:33:40,375
Injured, the tiger retreated
back into the forest.
618
00:33:40,500 --> 00:33:44,750
But that's not the
end of the story.
619
00:33:45,875 --> 00:33:48,250
Because two days later, the
local authorities were informed
620
00:33:48,333 --> 00:33:50,958
that Markov had been
attacked and killed
621
00:33:51,042 --> 00:33:53,708
at his home by a vicious tiger.
622
00:33:54,792 --> 00:33:57,958
When investigators arrived
at Markov's log cabin,
623
00:33:58,042 --> 00:34:01,708
they found a disturbing scene.
624
00:34:04,333 --> 00:34:06,583
It's pretty remarkable
seeing the images.
625
00:34:06,667 --> 00:34:09,958
There was obviously
quite a lot of blood.
626
00:34:10,042 --> 00:34:12,167
The clothes are
tattered everywhere.
627
00:34:13,333 --> 00:34:17,333
Often, when tigers kill people,
it's not necessarily for food.
628
00:34:17,417 --> 00:34:20,500
But in Markov's case,
the tiger ate everything
629
00:34:20,625 --> 00:34:21,917
it possibly could of him.
630
00:34:22,042 --> 00:34:24,208
It wanted to leave
no trace of the man.
631
00:34:24,333 --> 00:34:27,417
The strangest part of
the Vladimir Markov story
632
00:34:27,542 --> 00:34:30,458
is the fact that the
tiger actively destroyed
633
00:34:30,542 --> 00:34:34,000
everything around that lodge
that had Vladimir's scent on it.
634
00:34:34,083 --> 00:34:37,833
Just destroyed it in
seemingly a fit of anger.
635
00:34:39,208 --> 00:34:42,167
But even more unsettling
than the gruesome killing itself
636
00:34:42,250 --> 00:34:45,125
was the fact that
investigators later determined
637
00:34:45,208 --> 00:34:47,625
that Markov was
eaten by the same tiger
638
00:34:47,708 --> 00:34:50,542
he had shot with his rifle.
639
00:34:52,625 --> 00:34:55,025
The tiger tracked
Vladimir back to his hunting lodge,
640
00:34:55,125 --> 00:34:58,500
a distance of 11 kilometers.
641
00:34:58,583 --> 00:35:00,333
And then it waited.
642
00:35:00,375 --> 00:35:01,833
That is what is remarkable.
643
00:35:01,917 --> 00:35:04,292
It waited, we think,
644
00:35:04,375 --> 00:35:07,167
around 48 hours for him
to return to that lodge.
645
00:35:07,250 --> 00:35:10,167
And then when Vladimir returned,
646
00:35:10,208 --> 00:35:12,292
it killed him.
647
00:35:13,625 --> 00:35:16,417
The story of Vladimir
Markov's death at the hands
648
00:35:16,542 --> 00:35:18,792
of a deadly tiger
is frightening,
649
00:35:18,875 --> 00:35:22,083
but it's also mysterious.
650
00:35:22,208 --> 00:35:24,500
Because while animals will
naturally defend themselves
651
00:35:24,583 --> 00:35:28,917
when attacked, this
tiger tracked Markov down
652
00:35:29,000 --> 00:35:31,333
over an unusually long distance.
653
00:35:32,375 --> 00:35:34,417
But why?
654
00:35:34,500 --> 00:35:37,208
Big predators will
kill smaller predators
655
00:35:37,333 --> 00:35:40,125
with which they compete,
and there's a long history
656
00:35:40,208 --> 00:35:42,333
of human competition
with predators.
657
00:35:43,375 --> 00:35:45,542
So it's possible the
tiger was viewing this
658
00:35:45,667 --> 00:35:47,958
as competition, and I want
to get rid of a competitor
659
00:35:48,042 --> 00:35:50,208
because this is a
threat to my livelihood.
660
00:35:50,333 --> 00:35:53,333
So don't steal food from tigers,
661
00:35:53,375 --> 00:35:56,292
is the lesson that stands
out from Markov's story.
662
00:35:57,542 --> 00:36:00,167
Did the tiger kill
Markov because it viewed him
663
00:36:00,250 --> 00:36:03,167
as a threat to its
survival? Perhaps.
664
00:36:03,292 --> 00:36:06,250
But there are those who
believe that it was motivated
665
00:36:06,375 --> 00:36:09,208
not by self-preservation
666
00:36:09,333 --> 00:36:12,833
but rather by a desire
to exact revenge.
667
00:36:13,875 --> 00:36:16,500
You can't look
at this story of Vladimir
668
00:36:16,583 --> 00:36:19,167
and not think that this
is a story of vengeance.
669
00:36:19,250 --> 00:36:22,375
The tiger stalked
Vladimir's cabin.
670
00:36:22,500 --> 00:36:26,667
It waited for Vladimir to
return home for the attack.
671
00:36:26,750 --> 00:36:29,250
Everything here
points to premeditation.
672
00:36:31,125 --> 00:36:34,208
You look at other
instances, you see attacks
673
00:36:34,333 --> 00:36:36,208
with tigers who
will seek vengeance
674
00:36:36,333 --> 00:36:38,083
on people they don't like.
675
00:36:38,208 --> 00:36:40,792
These animals can
feel these emotions.
676
00:36:41,875 --> 00:36:44,708
All animals
have neurochemical responses
677
00:36:44,833 --> 00:36:48,375
which are remarkably similar
across all sorts of species.
678
00:36:48,458 --> 00:36:53,375
They feel emotions or
feelings that influence behavior
679
00:36:53,500 --> 00:36:55,333
exactly the same as we do.
680
00:36:56,417 --> 00:36:58,583
You do not mess with a tiger.
681
00:36:58,708 --> 00:37:01,750
If you do that, it's
gonna come after you.
682
00:37:01,833 --> 00:37:05,292
Markov will have known
that when he shot that tiger
683
00:37:05,375 --> 00:37:09,042
and it didn't die, he
knew that his time was up.
684
00:37:09,167 --> 00:37:12,333
This tiger had the
ability to hold a grudge
685
00:37:12,417 --> 00:37:14,667
with a single individual
686
00:37:14,708 --> 00:37:17,500
for over 48 hours and
then take its revenge.
687
00:37:18,500 --> 00:37:21,333
We have taken dominion
over nature in many ways
688
00:37:21,417 --> 00:37:24,583
because of our
technological developments,
689
00:37:24,667 --> 00:37:26,750
but we are still
a part of nature,
690
00:37:26,833 --> 00:37:29,708
and we are still
occasionally on the menu
691
00:37:29,833 --> 00:37:32,375
of bigger and stronger
animals, such as tigers.
692
00:37:33,875 --> 00:37:36,542
It's chilling to think that
a tiger could actually
693
00:37:36,625 --> 00:37:41,250
have a vendetta, a score
to settle, with human beings.
694
00:37:41,333 --> 00:37:44,500
But not all animals see
humans as adversaries.
695
00:37:44,583 --> 00:37:47,625
For example, there's
a region in India
696
00:37:47,708 --> 00:37:50,792
where people and
man-eating lions
697
00:37:50,875 --> 00:37:53,542
have joined forces.
698
00:38:01,708 --> 00:38:05,417
These lush woodlands
are home to the Asiatic lion,
699
00:38:05,500 --> 00:38:07,542
one of the rarest
predators on Earth.
700
00:38:08,583 --> 00:38:11,417
Though less than 700
of these majestic cats
701
00:38:11,500 --> 00:38:13,917
remain in the wild,
they often cross paths
702
00:38:14,042 --> 00:38:17,750
with the local residents,
whose farms border the forest.
703
00:38:19,000 --> 00:38:21,417
But, curiously, instead
of coming into conflict
704
00:38:21,500 --> 00:38:23,667
with these dangerous predators,
705
00:38:23,708 --> 00:38:27,750
the farmers appear to have
formed an alliance with them.
706
00:38:29,250 --> 00:38:31,167
There is an
overabundance of deer
707
00:38:31,333 --> 00:38:33,292
in India, and the
deer at night will come
708
00:38:33,375 --> 00:38:35,292
and eat the farmers' crops.
709
00:38:36,917 --> 00:38:41,042
So the farmers have teamed
up with the local Asiatic lions.
710
00:38:41,125 --> 00:38:45,917
The farmers, trying to scare
the deer off, make a noise.
711
00:38:49,625 --> 00:38:51,917
And the lions
quickly have learned
712
00:38:52,000 --> 00:38:55,083
that that noise means
that deer are in the area.
713
00:38:57,958 --> 00:39:00,458
So the lions end
up killing the deer.
714
00:39:03,708 --> 00:39:07,667
This is something that has
never really been documented
715
00:39:07,708 --> 00:39:11,667
where lions and humans
are working together.
716
00:39:12,875 --> 00:39:15,375
Asiatic lions
are notorious man-eaters
717
00:39:15,542 --> 00:39:17,750
and have even been
known to drag people
718
00:39:17,833 --> 00:39:20,000
from their homes and kill them.
719
00:39:21,042 --> 00:39:24,625
So how is this mutually
beneficial arrangement
720
00:39:24,750 --> 00:39:26,833
between man and lion possible?
721
00:39:27,875 --> 00:39:31,542
Well, as it turns out,
these lions behave
722
00:39:31,708 --> 00:39:35,750
the same way any household
cat would when it's dinnertime.
723
00:39:37,958 --> 00:39:40,226
Lions are very
clever, and in this sort of symbiotic
724
00:39:40,250 --> 00:39:43,250
relationship with
them and humans,
725
00:39:43,375 --> 00:39:45,250
they're essentially able
to learn that humans
726
00:39:45,333 --> 00:39:49,292
are providing them notification
that there are prey available.
727
00:39:49,375 --> 00:39:51,208
It's essentially like
ringing a dinner bell,
728
00:39:51,292 --> 00:39:53,583
um, for these lions.
729
00:39:53,667 --> 00:39:56,958
And so they've learned not to
attack humans in most cases.
730
00:39:57,042 --> 00:40:01,667
And there's amazing
footage of people sitting down,
731
00:40:01,708 --> 00:40:06,000
relaxing just a
few feet from lions.
732
00:40:07,208 --> 00:40:10,500
The cooperation
between Indian farmers and Asiatic lions
733
00:40:10,583 --> 00:40:13,750
is proof that, in the
right circumstances,
734
00:40:13,833 --> 00:40:18,667
humans and deadly predators
can be friends instead of foes.
735
00:40:19,708 --> 00:40:22,750
But experts warn
that we shouldn't
736
00:40:22,833 --> 00:40:26,958
let down our guard when in
the presence of wild animals.
737
00:40:27,958 --> 00:40:30,708
Seeing these farmers
walking and living
738
00:40:30,792 --> 00:40:34,583
amongst these lions, it
completely blows my mind.
739
00:40:34,667 --> 00:40:37,042
Now, could the tables
turn at any moment?
740
00:40:37,208 --> 00:40:39,042
Absolutely.
741
00:40:39,208 --> 00:40:43,708
These are still wild
animals with instincts.
742
00:40:43,792 --> 00:40:45,500
I would say these
animals still need to be
743
00:40:45,583 --> 00:40:46,917
treated with a lot of respect.
744
00:40:48,833 --> 00:40:50,750
Human beings
like to think of themselves
745
00:40:50,833 --> 00:40:53,542
as above the rest of
the animal kingdom
746
00:40:53,625 --> 00:40:55,667
because we've
innovated ourselves
747
00:40:55,750 --> 00:40:58,208
out of nature in
many, many ways.
748
00:40:59,417 --> 00:41:02,000
But when faced with a predator,
749
00:41:02,083 --> 00:41:06,333
without the benefit of
technology such as weaponry,
750
00:41:06,375 --> 00:41:09,167
the predator just
sees us as food.
751
00:41:09,208 --> 00:41:11,333
Essentially, our
pecking order is not
752
00:41:11,417 --> 00:41:13,000
necessarily the top
of the food chain.
753
00:41:13,042 --> 00:41:15,000
And, you know,
754
00:41:15,083 --> 00:41:17,458
we are a part of the
natural community.
755
00:41:18,542 --> 00:41:20,542
We can be prey.
We can be predators.
756
00:41:20,625 --> 00:41:22,833
It depends on the situation.
757
00:41:22,958 --> 00:41:26,292
But ultimately, we can
succumb to a crocodile,
758
00:41:26,417 --> 00:41:28,250
to a lion,
759
00:41:28,333 --> 00:41:30,000
to a tiger at any moment.
760
00:41:32,125 --> 00:41:35,708
Is it possible for humans
and dangerous animals
761
00:41:35,792 --> 00:41:38,250
to peacefully coexist?
762
00:41:38,375 --> 00:41:40,542
It's certainly an
optimistic thought.
763
00:41:41,583 --> 00:41:43,750
But let's not forget, animals
are driven by the same
764
00:41:43,833 --> 00:41:47,958
hunger, fear, even revenge.
765
00:41:48,042 --> 00:41:51,500
And if a deadly predator
decides that it's out for blood,
766
00:41:51,542 --> 00:41:53,667
there's not much that
we can do to stop it.
767
00:41:53,750 --> 00:41:57,000
Which is why some
creatures will remain
768
00:41:57,083 --> 00:41:59,167
wild, unpredictable and...
769
00:41:59,250 --> 00:42:00,958
unexplained.
770
00:42:01,083 --> 00:42:03,425
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