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BERLIN
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This is a historical chronicle of the last,
decisive battle with Nazi Germany,
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00:00:18,047 --> 00:00:25,362
the capture of Berlin, and the
unconditional surrender of the German
armed forces.
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00:00:25,447 --> 00:00:32,683
Written and directed by Y.Raizman,
Director of Photography
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Text by N.Shpikovsky, Edited by E.Svilova,
I.Setkina, T.Likhacheva
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Production manager: I.Khmelnitsky.
Deputy production managers:
A.Kuznetsov, M.Bessmertny, N.Melnikov.
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Production of documentary material from
the 1st Belarussian Front: E.Volk and
A.Usoltsev, text editor V.Popov
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00:00:54,727 --> 00:00:59,164
Cameramen: A.Alexeyev, E.Alexeyev,
I.Arons, N.Vikhirev, K.Vents, G.Giber,
G.Golubov, A.Levitan, B.Dementyev,
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00:00:59,247 --> 00:01:03,365
L.Dultsev, G.Yepifanov, D.Ibragimov,
R.Karmen, I.Komarov, N.Kiselev,
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00:01:03,447 --> 00:01:04,402
F.Leontovich, V.Lezerson, E.Mukhin,
L.Mazrukho, M.Poselsky, S.Semyonov,
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00:01:04,487 --> 00:01:11,916
V.Solovyov, A.Sofyin, G.Senotov,
V.Simkhovich, B.Sokolov, V.Tomberg,
V.Frolenko, M.Shneiderov
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00:01:12,007 --> 00:01:14,077
With additional support from the camera
crew of the 1st Ukrainian Front.
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00:01:14,167 --> 00:01:16,556
Cameramen: G.Alexandrov, M.Aravov,
A.Bogorov, K.Brovin, N.Bykov, P.Gorbenko,
G.Ostrovsky, A.Pogorely, S.Sheinin
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00:01:16,647 --> 00:01:18,558
Head of the camera crew: L.Saakov,
M.Oshurkov
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00:01:18,647 --> 00:01:23,880
Production assistants: Z.Tulubyeva,
M.Pankina, N.Solovyova
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00:01:23,967 --> 00:01:33,444
Narrated by A.Khmara. Designed by
I.Nizhnik. Sound-track - A.Roitman. Sound
engineers: V.Kotov, E.Kashkevich, I.Nikitin
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The film was produced with help from the
headquarters and political department of
the 1st Belarussian Front. Chief consultant:
Major-General S.Platonov
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Sequences from German newsreels were
used in the film.
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Produced by the Central Order of the Red
Banner Studio of Documentary Films in
1945
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Berlin. May, Nineteen forty-five. Hitler's
Reichskanzelei has already been taken.
21
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Hitler's personal office.
22
00:02:13,807 --> 00:02:18,835
Here the Nazi military brass cultivated
their criminal plans to force people into
slavery.
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00:02:19,527 --> 00:02:22,087
Now these plans are known to the whole
world.
24
00:02:22,287 --> 00:02:25,723
First it is necessary to conquer Western
Europe.
25
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"Unless we rule Europe we are nothing.
Europe is Germany".- Hitler.
26
00:02:32,607 --> 00:02:35,280
Then a Blitzkrieg campaign in Russia.
27
00:02:36,687 --> 00:02:43,081
"If we want to create a great German Empire
... we must decimate the Slav peoples."-
Hitler.
28
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Then via the Middle East carry out a strike
against Britain...
29
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...India
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...and Canada.
31
00:02:52,927 --> 00:02:57,796
"Britain should be hit where it is the weakest
- in India and Canada."- Hitler.
32
00:02:59,407 --> 00:03:01,921
Then across the Mediterranean into Africa.
33
00:03:03,607 --> 00:03:07,282
"Africa must be a German dominion."- Hitler.
34
00:03:08,247 --> 00:03:10,841
From there into the Western Hemisphere.
35
00:03:12,607 --> 00:03:20,605
"Germany would become great and rich by
capturing Mexican mines. Why should we
not embark on this enterprise?"- Hitler
36
00:03:21,047 --> 00:03:24,403
And finally move on to the United States.
37
00:03:26,167 --> 00:03:34,040
"To defeat the Anglo-Saxons and in the
future to include the United States of
America into the German World Empire."-
Hitler
38
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These were not just dreams.
39
00:03:41,607 --> 00:03:44,519
They landed troops in northern Norway.
40
00:03:57,847 --> 00:04:03,797
Having captured Europe, the Nazi armed
forces invaded Africa and were
approaching Alexandria.
41
00:04:26,727 --> 00:04:30,436
Their submarines were sinking vessels off
the American coast.
42
00:04:48,807 --> 00:04:57,761
In those days Hitler thought he was the
conqueror of the world and was even ready
to share his glory with his Italian ally
Mussolini.
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00:04:59,447 --> 00:05:05,124
Drunken with easy victories, Hitler became
brave enough to march his troops to the
Soviet Union.
44
00:05:05,727 --> 00:05:11,597
It seemed to many then that there was no
force on earth which could stop the
advance of his armies.
45
00:05:12,087 --> 00:05:15,636
However, Stalingrad brought them to a
standstill.
46
00:05:16,047 --> 00:05:22,520
The Red Army stopped this giant war
machine of Hitler's murderers and rapists.
47
00:05:26,647 --> 00:05:33,200
The Red Army's victory and great fame was
born out of the smoke of Stalingrad's
embers.
48
00:05:34,007 --> 00:05:36,919
It was from here that the march to Berlin
began.
49
00:05:37,407 --> 00:05:40,717
The Red Army drove them away from the
Volga.
50
00:05:50,287 --> 00:05:52,164
It pursued them across the Don.
51
00:05:52,727 --> 00:05:55,560
Thousands of guns and tanks were left on
the battlefields.
52
00:05:58,807 --> 00:06:03,927
Across the Desna. As they left, they burned
our villages, blew up our factories, and
destroyed our roads.
53
00:06:07,047 --> 00:06:09,436
The Red Army drove them across the
Dnieper.
54
00:06:09,967 --> 00:06:12,527
Tens of thousands of Nazi killers and
rapists remained on the fields of Ukraine.
55
00:06:13,167 --> 00:06:16,364
They were drowned in the Bug, encircled
and destroyed.
56
00:06:20,527 --> 00:06:21,482
They crossed the Dvina.
57
00:06:25,727 --> 00:06:27,160
They were pushed back beyond the
Niemen.
58
00:06:27,567 --> 00:06:32,595
Behind lay the liberated Soviet land. But
the people of Europe were still awaiting
liberation.
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00:06:36,847 --> 00:06:39,042
The Vistula. The enemy were smashed and
defeated decisively.
60
00:06:39,527 --> 00:06:43,202
The Red Army approached the final strip of
water blocking their path to Berlin.
61
00:06:43,287 --> 00:06:46,882
The Red Army approached the river Oder.
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00:06:54,047 --> 00:06:56,277
Here is the Oder.
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00:07:04,087 --> 00:07:10,322
Four years of war are behind them. Four
years of hard fighting and great victories.
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00:07:11,447 --> 00:07:16,396
The Red Army has come here experienced
in battle, hardened,
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strong and more than ever before ready to
deal the final crushing blow.
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00:07:22,167 --> 00:07:25,443
The Germans called the Oder their river of
destiny.
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Now the destiny of that river is in the
hands of Russian soldiers.
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00:07:48,487 --> 00:07:51,559
Few days remain before the beginning of
the operation.
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00:08:00,247 --> 00:08:02,317
The last trains are arriving.
70
00:08:08,207 --> 00:08:10,801
Hundreds of trainloads of supplies were
hidden in the woods.
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00:08:32,247 --> 00:08:35,444
Thousands of tons of fuel were stored away
in underground reservoirs.
72
00:09:01,447 --> 00:09:07,044
At the same time, forces were also
amassing on the western bank of the Oder.
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Here, on a small patch of land captured
from the enemy, they had to concentrate
all their equipment for a blow of such
tremendous force.
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00:09:58,847 --> 00:10:04,444
It was from this bridgehead that an attack
on Berlin would be launched.
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00:10:26,967 --> 00:10:32,360
Before the offensive, a military council met,
attended by the commanders of the 1st
Belarussian Front.
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Generals who fought in the great
campaigns of the patriotic war came
together.
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They battled at Moscow, Stalingrad, Kursk,
and Orel, and fought for Gomel, Bobruisk,
and Vitebsk.
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00:10:49,887 --> 00:10:55,564
They liberated Poland, and its cities of
Lublin, Warsaw and Poznan, and brought
their troops to the Oder.
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00:10:55,607 --> 00:11:09,727
Today their task was to capture the capital
of Nazi Germany and to hoist a banner of
victory over the Reichstag.
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00:11:10,007 --> 00:11:16,606
The plan of the operation is as follows:
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The troops of the 1st Belarussian Front will
deal the main strike, then they are to move
on to Berlin and surround it.
82
00:11:27,127 --> 00:11:33,999
The troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front will
march forward to link up with the Allies
and at the same time support the
operation from the south.
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The troops of the 2nd Belarussian Front
will cross the Oder and support the
advance from the north.
84
00:11:43,607 --> 00:11:49,796
The army commanders are holding
rehearsals for taking Berlin on a relief map.
85
00:11:53,087 --> 00:11:59,720
Everyone - from general to warrior -
prepared for the historic task.
86
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Everything is ready for the decisive
offensive.
87
00:12:41,287 --> 00:12:44,802
The bridgehead is quiet.
88
00:13:04,647 --> 00:13:11,439
At the appointed hour on the night of April
1 6, punctually at four a.m., twenty-two
thousand guns opened fire on enemy
positions.
89
00:13:44,127 --> 00:13:47,005
It was an artillery barrage of
unprecedented scale and scope.
90
00:13:57,887 --> 00:14:04,440
In the area between the Oder and Berlin,
where the battle is now raging, the enemy
set up four fortified defense lines.
91
00:14:04,647 --> 00:14:08,196
Each of them was designed to resist for a
long time.
92
00:14:09,167 --> 00:14:12,603
By withdrawing their troops from the
Western Front and moving them over to
the east,
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00:14:12,687 --> 00:14:17,966
the Germans concentrated a half-a-million
strong army there.
94
00:14:19,287 --> 00:14:21,403
These are both the Russian offensive and
the German defensive strategies.
95
00:14:21,487 --> 00:14:24,206
Today these plans clashed with each other
on the battlefield.
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00:14:42,087 --> 00:14:47,480
All of the threads for controlling the battles
lead here to Marshal Zhukov's surveillance
point.
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Supporting the advancing Soviet troops,
our assault planes pounded the enemy's
strongholds and his reserves
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00:17:00,687 --> 00:17:02,723
along all the roads leading to Berlin.
99
00:18:14,967 --> 00:18:20,166
The chances of victory became obvious as
new regiments enter the battleground.
100
00:20:27,367 --> 00:20:29,642
The 1st Ukrainian Front simultaneously
began their advance.
101
00:20:29,727 --> 00:20:32,924
Marshal Konev sent his troops into the
offensive.
102
00:21:15,727 --> 00:21:21,723
The unexpectedness of the first strike and
its powerful strength set the end of the
operation.
103
00:21:22,207 --> 00:21:25,119
The Seelow Heights were passed very
quickly,
104
00:21:25,207 --> 00:21:27,402
a dense network of canals and lakes were
overcome,
105
00:21:27,487 --> 00:21:30,718
and strongpoints and centers of resistance
were swept away.
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00:21:30,807 --> 00:21:33,958
Forcibly pushing the enemy back to the
walls of its doomed capital,
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the Soviet troops reached Berlin on April
twenty-first.
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00:21:44,207 --> 00:21:45,560
Here is Berlin.
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00:21:48,127 --> 00:21:54,965
This was not the first time that Russian
troops stood outside the walls of this city.
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00:21:56,407 --> 00:22:06,760
In 1760, Berlin surrendered
without resistance to the troops of General
Chernyshov.
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00:22:08,167 --> 00:22:12,524
It was under these colours that Russian
troops entered Berlin.
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00:22:12,927 --> 00:22:14,838
We uphold these colours.
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00:22:15,887 --> 00:22:20,802
These bugles were the first to herald a
bloodless victory at Berlin.
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00:22:21,247 --> 00:22:22,760
We uphold these bugles.
115
00:22:23,727 --> 00:22:33,159
This was the treaty of the surrender signed
by the Germans in 1760.
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00:22:33,327 --> 00:22:35,443
We uphold this treaty.
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00:22:41,607 --> 00:22:45,839
Today, Russian cannons are again at
Berlin's walls...
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00:22:45,927 --> 00:22:51,285
...and the Russian soldier is again fighting
for freedom and happiness for the people.
119
00:23:15,807 --> 00:23:18,844
The suburbs immediately became the
scene of fierce fighting.
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00:23:24,487 --> 00:23:29,083
Until now the people of Berlin judged the
war on from conceited communiques
issued by Dr. Goebbels.
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00:23:29,167 --> 00:23:37,085
Now it arrived in Berlin itself, in its streets,
courts, houses, in their own flats.
122
00:25:02,007 --> 00:25:06,683
Fear drove people into the cellars, while
hunger drove them back into the streets.
123
00:25:07,407 --> 00:25:12,720
Instead of the promised affluence and
prosperity, Hitler brought the Germans
fear and hunger.
124
00:25:37,807 --> 00:25:43,359
Grabbing up the enemy's weapons, our
warriors shoot the Germans with German
bullets.
125
00:26:31,847 --> 00:26:34,520
Battles are happening in hundreds of
streets and crossroads
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and sometimes people do not know what is
going on around the corner.
127
00:26:37,527 --> 00:26:46,640
But the front squeezes in, moving forward
like one whole machine, encircling Berlin.
128
00:27:01,407 --> 00:27:04,797
Ahead there are more and more new
streets, more and more new blocks,
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00:27:04,887 --> 00:27:09,517
but each soldier knows that somewhere
out there, in the middle of this huge stone
city
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00:27:09,607 --> 00:27:12,201
there will be an end to this all: the end to
Nazism,
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to the war, to its four years of existence.
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00:27:52,287 --> 00:27:55,962
Soldiers steadily push their way through
burning buildings and across the ruins.
133
00:27:56,047 --> 00:28:03,158
Their relentless progress seems to defy any
force.
134
00:28:03,567 --> 00:28:06,877
Many Germans see this and surrender.
135
00:28:28,087 --> 00:28:31,159
On April twenty-fifth Berlin was encircled.
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00:28:31,247 --> 00:28:37,561
The 1st Belarussian Front linking up with
the armies of the 1st Ukrainian Front to
close the ring about Berlin.
137
00:28:37,647 --> 00:28:40,605
By that time the situation was as follows:
138
00:28:40,847 --> 00:28:44,681
Kuznetsov's army was covering the city
center from the north.
139
00:28:46,967 --> 00:28:50,118
Berzarin's army was fighting its way
downtown from the east,
140
00:28:50,207 --> 00:28:52,801
but there the enemy's resistance was
particularly tenacious.
141
00:28:52,887 --> 00:28:56,197
Chuikov's army was battling its way
towards Tempelhof.
142
00:28:57,207 --> 00:29:01,325
From the south and south-west, more units
commanded by Marshal Konev continued
to arrive in their numbers.
143
00:29:23,527 --> 00:29:28,647
It is here on these streets that the overall
plan of command is broken up into
hundreds of smaller tasks:
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00:29:28,727 --> 00:29:33,039
heavy fire, break down the door, take over.
145
00:29:55,007 --> 00:30:02,721
The Soviet command ordered the Germans
to dismantle the street barricades and
obstacles...
146
00:30:17,607 --> 00:30:22,727
...to pave the way for our tanks moving
towards the center of the capital.
147
00:30:23,887 --> 00:30:30,076
Yet not so long ago the Germans threw
flowers under the tracks of their tanks
leaving for the east.
148
00:30:30,607 --> 00:30:34,282
The tinkle of the spurs and the rattle of the
sabers used to send them into ecstasies.
149
00:30:34,367 --> 00:30:38,599
Admiration for the military has been
inculcated in the Germans for centuries.
150
00:30:40,407 --> 00:30:42,318
Look into those eyes!
151
00:30:46,727 --> 00:30:53,803
Look at that crowd, at those hands which
are numbly stretching out with cries of
"Heil Hitler!"
152
00:30:58,287 --> 00:31:05,477
Today their hands reach for bread and the
Red Army gives them this bread.
153
00:31:25,567 --> 00:31:30,402
This Soviet girl soldier has her own bill to
present to the Nazis.
154
00:31:31,007 --> 00:31:35,956
But the Red Army does not take vengeance
on civilians and does not kill women and
children.
155
00:31:36,487 --> 00:31:37,840
It feeds them.
156
00:31:38,367 --> 00:31:42,758
They make no resistance, they surrender.
157
00:32:03,047 --> 00:32:05,356
They were lucky: they had time to
surrender.
158
00:32:12,287 --> 00:32:18,999
But there is not, and cannot be, any mercy
for those continuing to resist and
preparing a stab in the back for our troops.
159
00:32:19,087 --> 00:32:28,280
They felt it good here on the streets of
Berlin and they will feel it even better.
160
00:32:33,567 --> 00:32:37,242
Berlin's central airfield Tempelhof.
161
00:32:37,327 --> 00:32:40,763
German aircraft were still burning and an
artillery barrage was still going...
162
00:32:40,847 --> 00:32:43,839
...on when Soviet flyers landed on the
airfield.
163
00:32:54,607 --> 00:32:58,236
He is Major Kurt Brest, the airfield
commandant taken prisoner.
164
00:32:58,767 --> 00:33:02,521
The major recalls other and more joyful
days.
165
00:33:02,607 --> 00:33:08,364
Goering used to hold parades and award
his aces here.
166
00:33:09,247 --> 00:33:13,286
The major himself received his first Iron
Cross from Goering's hands on this spot.
167
00:33:18,767 --> 00:33:22,316
Now he has other and more melancholy
memories.
168
00:33:22,967 --> 00:33:26,801
Benito Mussolini himself was once brought
here.
169
00:33:27,647 --> 00:33:30,639
He had just been freed from captivity,
170
00:33:31,847 --> 00:33:36,318
and Hitler was there to meet his hapless
friend.
171
00:33:41,207 --> 00:33:43,562
The major's memories are sad.
172
00:33:49,447 --> 00:33:52,200
Tempelhof airfield is far behind.
173
00:33:52,287 --> 00:33:55,359
Our artillery is now pounding towards the
center of Berlin.
174
00:33:55,447 --> 00:33:58,519
The excitement of the competition drives
the soldiers forward.
175
00:33:58,607 --> 00:34:01,917
Even at night fighting does not lose its
intensity.
176
00:34:38,527 --> 00:34:40,119
Berlin is burning.
177
00:34:44,887 --> 00:34:48,436
But its residents have long got used to the
acrid smoke of the fires.
178
00:34:48,847 --> 00:34:51,805
Here Hitler set fire to the Reichstag.
179
00:34:51,887 --> 00:34:55,482
It started a conflagration that enveloped
the whole world.
180
00:34:55,727 --> 00:35:00,437
Here, in bonfires, the Nazis burned the
great works of the human genius.
181
00:35:05,687 --> 00:35:11,523
Here, Nazi storm troopers held their
torch-lit marches, recreating medieval
times.
182
00:35:11,607 --> 00:35:17,284
Here, education was given to the future
butchers of Majdanek, Oswiecim and
Treblinka.
183
00:35:17,367 --> 00:35:22,885
Here was the point of departure to the rest
Europe, for the arsonists of our peaceful
towns and villages.
184
00:35:22,967 --> 00:35:29,520
The flames of war ignited here, in Berlin,
have now come home to roost. Back to
Berlin.
185
00:35:41,807 --> 00:35:44,560
It is at the city center that our men are now
fighting.
186
00:35:56,087 --> 00:36:01,161
Such scenes could also be observed in the
center of Berlin, although, in the interests
of Berliners themselves,
187
00:36:01,247 --> 00:36:04,796
the Soviet command introduced strict
penalties for appropriating abandoned
property.
188
00:36:34,127 --> 00:36:36,800
The eighth day is drawing to a close.
189
00:36:36,887 --> 00:36:42,598
Soldiers sense victory in the air, and
everyone is eager to contribute to it.
190
00:36:42,687 --> 00:36:47,841
Soldiers with bazookas compete against
those with artillery, foot soldiers compete
against tanks, soldiers with machine guns
run forward.
191
00:36:52,567 --> 00:36:58,915
It grieves one to lose one's
comrades-in-arms during these last hours
when victory is so near.
192
00:37:13,367 --> 00:37:18,839
Chuikov's Guards units have broken
through to the city center from the
south-east,
193
00:37:19,887 --> 00:37:22,879
while Kuznetsov's army is advancing on
the Reichstag from the north.
194
00:37:22,967 --> 00:37:26,846
It has already taken the Moabit prison.
195
00:37:28,247 --> 00:37:32,923
Berzarin's army is fighting in the east.
196
00:37:33,007 --> 00:37:36,682
The noose around the city center is
tightening.
197
00:37:36,767 --> 00:37:38,598
It is closer and closer to Reichstag.
198
00:37:41,887 --> 00:37:44,037
The Reichstag is over there, behind that
cathedral.
199
00:37:58,247 --> 00:38:00,715
The pitch of fighting reaches its climax.
200
00:38:06,327 --> 00:38:10,798
But even in these minutes of reckless and
ruthless fighting the Russian soldier's heart
201
00:38:10,887 --> 00:38:13,685
is open to pity and commiseration.
202
00:38:29,887 --> 00:38:34,722
What has this woman got from Hitler's
criminal plans for world supremacy?
203
00:38:43,807 --> 00:38:47,277
There is occasional action near the
Reichstag.
204
00:39:17,127 --> 00:39:21,006
The Reichstag is close at hand and so is the
Brandenburg Gate.
205
00:39:25,487 --> 00:39:28,957
Here it is, the Brandenburg Gate,
206
00:39:33,447 --> 00:39:40,797
the venue of past triumphs of the
Fredericks and the Wilhelms, the Prussian
kings and the German emperors.
207
00:39:45,167 --> 00:39:49,957
Only recently was counterfeit Nazi glory
proclaimed to the world from here.
208
00:39:50,047 --> 00:39:52,959
Now it is all over - the Reichstag is just
two hundred meters away.
209
00:39:56,967 --> 00:40:03,679
All now share one thought and one desire
- to hoist a banner of victory over the
Reichstag.
210
00:40:18,327 --> 00:40:22,764
To hoist a banner of victory over the
Reichstag.
211
00:40:31,327 --> 00:40:35,878
To hoist a banner of victory over the
Reichstag.
212
00:41:00,247 --> 00:41:08,564
A banner of victory is hoisted over the
Reichstag!
213
00:41:29,567 --> 00:41:33,799
The second of May, nineteen forty-five.
214
00:41:34,367 --> 00:41:37,325
The date which will for ever go down in
history.
215
00:41:37,847 --> 00:41:39,883
Berlin capitulated.
216
00:41:40,407 --> 00:41:45,845
The Germans laid down their arms and
surrendered to the Red Army.
217
00:41:46,967 --> 00:41:50,323
Inglorious was the end of their last battle.
218
00:41:50,887 --> 00:41:55,005
They had declared that the Russians would
never see Berlin,
219
00:41:55,087 --> 00:41:58,682
but within ten days' had given up their
capital.
220
00:41:59,327 --> 00:42:00,555
Ten days.
221
00:42:01,007 --> 00:42:06,479
A pitiful stretch if one recalls the heroic
defense of Leningrad, Sevastopol, and
Stalingrad.
222
00:42:06,567 --> 00:42:11,277
On that day, one hundred and thirty
thousand officers and men surrendered
themselves in Berlin.
223
00:42:16,767 --> 00:42:23,525
Some inscriptions still assert: "Capitulate?
Never!"
224
00:42:24,767 --> 00:42:28,476
It is no accident that these windows display
white flags of surrender.
225
00:42:28,567 --> 00:42:32,401
Many of them vowed allegiance to Hitler in
their day.
226
00:42:45,567 --> 00:42:50,402
This is General der Artillerie Weidling, the
man who led the defense of Berlin.
227
00:42:50,487 --> 00:42:55,800
On May the second he signed an order of
surrender and allowed himself and his staff
to be taken prisoner.
228
00:43:16,047 --> 00:43:18,038
This was not the kind of meeting they
dreamed of.
229
00:43:28,967 --> 00:43:35,600
At an interrogation General der Artillerie
Weidling told representatives of the Soviet
command...
230
00:43:35,687 --> 00:43:40,602
...that he had had an audience with Hitler
on the twenty-ninth of April,
231
00:43:40,687 --> 00:43:44,600
and that Hitler had insisted on prolonged
resistance.
232
00:43:51,447 --> 00:43:58,239
Hitler had hoped that the German 9th army
operating south-east of Berlin
233
00:43:58,327 --> 00:44:03,959
and the army fighting against the Allies
south-west of Berlin,
234
00:44:04,047 --> 00:44:09,838
supported by a tank regiment, could
encircle and defeat the Soviet troops.
235
00:44:12,327 --> 00:44:18,482
"This means that General Weidling saw
Hitler personally on April the twenty-ninth".
236
00:44:18,567 --> 00:44:23,436
"Well, ask him how Hitler looked and what
was his condition."
237
00:44:24,167 --> 00:44:25,282
"Please do."
238
00:44:34,967 --> 00:44:38,323
"Before that day I had last seen the Fuehrer a
year ago.
239
00:44:38,407 --> 00:44:43,527
I was shocked when I saw him again. He was
a wreck.
240
00:44:54,847 --> 00:44:58,237
He sat in his chair totally crushed.
241
00:44:58,327 --> 00:45:05,563
His hands were limp over the map like this.
He spoke in quiet and barely audible tones,
haltingly.
242
00:45:07,527 --> 00:45:09,757
He was a broken man."
243
00:45:14,287 --> 00:45:20,522
On the same day, the dead body of
Goebbels was found and identified.
244
00:45:28,847 --> 00:45:30,405
Goebbels is silent.
245
00:45:33,607 --> 00:45:36,360
His ministry of propaganda is destroyed.
246
00:45:40,647 --> 00:45:48,565
Also silent is his radio station from which
he has so long been poisoning the world
with his preachings of violence and hatred
of mankind.
247
00:45:59,807 --> 00:46:04,403
On this day Berlin was visited by Marshal
Zhukov of the Soviet Union,
248
00:46:04,487 --> 00:46:08,241
his Berlin Commandant,
Lt. General Berzarin,
249
00:46:08,327 --> 00:46:12,923
a member of the military advisory board,
Lt. General Telegin, and
Lt. General Bokov
250
00:46:13,007 --> 00:46:15,646
for the purpose of evaluating the areas of
the recent battles.
251
00:46:32,447 --> 00:46:34,358
Memorial to Wilhelm I.
252
00:46:37,967 --> 00:46:39,116
Headquarters.
253
00:46:39,207 --> 00:46:44,281
It was here that for many decades the plans
of many wars were drawn,
254
00:46:44,367 --> 00:46:50,886
it was here where the warmongers created
their criminal Hitler thoughts of thievery.
255
00:46:53,607 --> 00:46:55,245
The Reich Chancellery.
256
00:47:37,927 --> 00:47:39,406
Victory Column.
257
00:47:56,087 --> 00:48:00,399
Lt. General Bogdanov's tank
soldiers found these awards.
258
00:48:01,007 --> 00:48:07,640
The German military brass twice attempted
world supremacy and twice was beaten -
259
00:48:07,727 --> 00:48:12,005
under the sign of the Prussian eagle and
under the Nazi swastika banners.
260
00:48:34,807 --> 00:48:44,557
On the streets of Berlin, the victors are
meeting the liberated French, Belgians,
Americans, Poles, Norwegians, and the
British.
261
00:49:13,847 --> 00:49:19,797
The Guards meet the decorated Hero of the
Battle of Stalingrad, Chuikov, on a street.
262
00:49:21,407 --> 00:49:23,045
It is a good meeting.
263
00:49:55,367 --> 00:50:00,487
Head Marshal of Aviation Novikov and
Lt. General Rudenko came to
Berlin.
264
00:50:05,047 --> 00:50:08,278
Officers and men are posing for a snapshot
outside the Reichstag.
265
00:50:09,527 --> 00:50:16,319
These pictures will for many generations
preserve the memory of the great days of
victory over Nazi Germany.
266
00:50:25,727 --> 00:50:29,845
The inscription reads: "Berlin remains
German".
267
00:50:29,927 --> 00:50:33,522
Yes, it remains German.
268
00:50:43,247 --> 00:50:49,038
But this episode will never be erased from
history the memory of these inscriptions
269
00:50:49,127 --> 00:50:55,077
left by Russian fighting men on the citadel
of German imperialism.
270
00:51:25,887 --> 00:51:31,086
The Battle of Berlin had a decisive
influence on the course of the hostilities in
Europe.
271
00:51:31,167 --> 00:51:37,356
The German war machine broke down and
proved incapable of offering further
resistance.
272
00:51:37,447 --> 00:51:39,517
Germany capitulated.
273
00:51:40,487 --> 00:51:47,438
On the eighth of May, a delegation of the
supreme command of the Allied
expeditionary force arrived at Tempelhof
airfield.
274
00:51:47,527 --> 00:51:53,284
That day was set for Germany to sign a
treaty of unconditional surrender.
275
00:51:55,567 --> 00:51:58,081
Lt. General Vasilyev greets the
new arrivals.
276
00:51:58,167 --> 00:52:02,240
Sir Arthur Tedder, Air Chief Marshal, is the
head of the delegation.
277
00:52:02,327 --> 00:52:08,197
General Spaatz is the commander of the
U.S. Strategic Air Force.
278
00:52:09,567 --> 00:52:13,162
General of the Army Sokolovsky
welcomes the guests.
279
00:52:38,847 --> 00:52:46,242
Representatives of Hitler's command have
been brought to Berlin to sign a treaty of
unconditional surrender.
280
00:52:46,327 --> 00:52:48,636
General Fieldmarshal Keitel.
281
00:53:08,007 --> 00:53:16,278
Keitel and his party are taken to the cars
where they are to await the end of a formal
meeting between the victorious allies.
282
00:53:23,327 --> 00:53:27,684
Keitel reads the terms of surrender over
and over again.
283
00:54:16,367 --> 00:54:19,996
Once more Keitel is driven through Berlin.
284
00:54:20,087 --> 00:54:23,841
But this is not the same Berlin nor the same
Keitel.
285
00:54:42,247 --> 00:54:46,798
Representatives from the Allied Forces
came to look at the streets of Berlin...
286
00:54:46,887 --> 00:54:49,879
...where their pilots did a pretty good job
of things.
287
00:55:11,367 --> 00:55:14,040
The suburb of Karlshorst.
288
00:55:15,007 --> 00:55:19,717
This modest-looking building will be a
historic site from this day on.
289
00:55:21,927 --> 00:55:29,277
It is here that the treaty of unconditional
surrender will be signed.
290
00:55:31,367 --> 00:55:35,883
Representatives of the Allied command
going in to be received by Marshal Zhukov.
291
00:55:41,287 --> 00:55:44,677
Keitel and his party are accommodated in a
separate house.
292
00:55:44,767 --> 00:55:47,440
They will wait there until summoned.
293
00:55:58,647 --> 00:56:04,005
At the appointed hour, representatives of
the Soviet and Allied commands enter the
hall.
294
00:56:17,887 --> 00:56:24,759
The signing ceremony will be held in the
presence of numerous representatives of
the front command and Allied guests.
295
00:56:29,407 --> 00:56:36,324
Marshal Zhukov announces the arrival in
Berlin of representatives of Hitler's
command.
296
00:56:43,727 --> 00:56:52,203
The Marshal suggests that the German
delegation be summoned to sign a treaty
of unconditional surrender.
297
00:57:14,327 --> 00:57:20,960
Even at this crucial moment they remain
supercilious and arrogant in a typically
Prussian manner.
298
00:57:24,487 --> 00:57:31,086
Asked by Marshal Zhukov if the
representatives of the German command
know the terms of surrender,
299
00:57:31,167 --> 00:57:36,241
Keitel confirms that they know them.
300
00:57:39,567 --> 00:57:46,564
Marshal Zhukov suggests that the
representatives of the German command
approach the allied command table
301
00:57:46,647 --> 00:57:50,799
and there sign the treaty of unconditional
surrender.
302
00:57:59,567 --> 00:58:06,405
General Fieldmarshal Keitel signs the order
of surrender on behalf of the main
command of the armed forces of Germany.
303
00:58:07,847 --> 00:58:13,843
Hitler and Goebbels claimed that the year
nineteen eighteen would never be
repeated,
304
00:58:13,927 --> 00:58:16,680
and indeed it was not.
305
00:58:16,767 --> 00:58:25,721
At that time, civilians signed the armistice
and peace treaty, not Hindenburg,
Ludendorf, or the German military.
306
00:58:26,207 --> 00:58:37,766
This time, three German commanders
acknowledged their total defeat in the
capital of Germany, Berlin.
307
00:58:41,007 --> 00:58:43,840
Admiral Friedenburg signs the treaty.
308
00:58:53,327 --> 00:59:00,483
Colonel-General Stumpf, a representative
of the air force of the German army, signs
the treaty.
309
00:59:08,647 --> 00:59:15,917
The signatures of the representatives of
the victor nations seal the capitulation.
310
00:59:20,887 --> 00:59:24,721
The first signature is by a representative of
the Soviet command.
311
00:59:25,687 --> 00:59:30,715
The Red Army had the hardest time of all in
this war.
312
00:59:30,807 --> 00:59:35,562
It lived up to the challenge and heroically
persevered to the end.
313
00:59:38,647 --> 00:59:48,079
The exploits of our comrades-in-arms -
British and American soldiers - will also
have a place of honor in the chronicle of
this war.
314
00:59:51,687 --> 00:59:53,757
The treaty is signed!
315
00:59:53,847 --> 00:59:57,681
The German representatives may leave the
hall.
316
01:00:03,167 --> 01:00:15,398
This is the Act of Germany's Capitulation
that was signed in Berlin on May 8, 1945.
317
01:00:21,007 --> 01:00:22,406
Berlin.
318
01:00:24,007 --> 01:00:29,798
It costs mankind, including the German
nation, immeasurable tears and
bloodshed.
319
01:00:30,887 --> 01:00:36,359
The Nazis dreamed that it would stand and
rule supreme over the ruins of a shattered
world.
320
01:00:36,447 --> 01:00:43,683
Now Berlin lies in ruins, destroyed and
quiet.
321
01:00:43,767 --> 01:00:46,076
This is Berlin today...
322
01:00:46,167 --> 01:00:48,607
...and this is Moscow today!
323
01:01:07,447 --> 01:01:18,517
The Red Army with its pride and victory
will cross here across Red Square.
324
01:01:52,607 --> 01:01:56,680
Soviet people, be jubilant! You have
conquer the Victory!
325
01:01:56,767 --> 01:02:01,522
You have accomplished what no one else in
the world could.
326
01:02:01,567 --> 01:02:14,879
Many generations will remember with
pride your determination and honour in
combat, and in hard labour.
327
01:02:26,327 --> 01:02:37,317
Today we go forward calmly and sure in
our future.
328
01:02:46,527 --> 01:02:58,041
Stalin once said: "From now on, over Europe
will fly the great flag of freedom for the
nations, and peace between the nations."
329
01:03:03,447 --> 01:03:05,278
The end
35252
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