All language subtitles for Abandoned.Engineering.S14E06.Hells.Waiting.Room.1080p.UKTV.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H.264-RAWR_track3_[eng]

A concentration camp
in the Czech Republic,

designed as a publicity stunt
to disguise a heartless regime...

For the men themselves,
this was about survival.

For their oppressors,
it was an attempt to fool the world.

In England, the life of world-famous
playwright Oscar Wilde
is forever changed.

He was here as a result of one
of the first EVER celebrity trials.

An Argentine outpost

that became the flashpoint
in a war with Britain...

..an armada of warships and aircraft
carriers set sail from Europe

to this far-flung corner
of the South Atlantic Ocean...

..and in Memphis, a building intended
to protect corrupted by its chief.

This guy had absolute, total power.

He was a...a dictator.

In the town of Terezin,
in the Czech Republic,

are the remains of a complex

that played its role in one
of humanity's most disturbing eras.

We see these well-built structures,

formidable walls rising
out of the ground.

The largest building stretches
hundreds of feet down the road

but it's really in bad shape.

Further in, it seems that this site
was some kind of town.

The streets are lined with neat
and orderly blocks.

Evidence suggests the residents
were enjoying their lives here.

There were performances,
concerts, famous musicians.

The scenes may appear joyous

but the reality could not be further
from the truth.

This is a...a really surreal
moment of hope

in this otherwise
completely hellish space.

Little did they know

most of them only had weeks to live.

HE SPEAKS CZECH

Doctor Tomas Fedorovic first came
to Terezin as a student.

What he unearthed inspired him to
become custodian of this site's past.

HE SPEAKS CZECH

The fortress,
originally constructed in the 1700s,

was an imposing facility

and it caught the eye
of the Nazi empire

when parts of Czechoslovakia
came under their control in 1938.

HE SPEAKS CZECH

Terezin would become a transit camp

that helped to fulfil
the logistical methodology

of the Germans in creating
an Aryan nation,

a nation in which the people that
they considered to be inferior
would be wiped out.

This was once
the Theresienstadt ghetto.

It began as a concentration camp

where the Nazis sent the Jewish
people they wanted removed
from their empire.

At first, the regime touted
it as a retirement village,

even describing it as a spa.

So, the first Jewish people to arrive
here didn't know what it really was.

DR FEDOROVIC SPEAKS CZECH

They were from Czechoslovakia
but soon more came from Austria,

Germany and beyond.

Many of them had, in fact,
been German veterans,

people of Jewish heritage who had
fought in the First World War:

sports stars,
athletes, intellectuals.

These were, in many ways, the cream
of the German Jewish population.

Many were well-known
internationally, so the Germans

wanted to disguise the true nature
of the Theresienstadt facility.

HE SPEAKS CZECH

They had concerts,
they had plays, they had music

and they were able
to play sports as well.

The central courtyard became
a hub for football.

Terezin became the home
to Jewish football players.

Some of them were full-time
professional footballers,

others were lower league players.

One professional player who ended
up here was Paul Mara,

a Jewish man
and footballing superstar.

He had played for the Czechoslovakian
national team

and several clubs
in the United States.

In a cruel twist of fate, he returned
to Czechoslovakia in the 1930s.

Here at Terezin, he was among
a group of prisoners allowed

to organise and oversee
a camp football league.

DR FEDOROVIC SPEAKS CZECH

The League, was made up of 30 teams
and 700 players,

with each team representing a group
from the ghetto, like gardeners
or butchers,

and it wasn't only the inmates
who enjoyed the spectacle.

HE SPEAKS CZECH

But by 1943, Theresienstadt had
expanded to include Jewish people

from further across Europe,

including Denmark,
now under German martial law.

Despite staunch Danish
resistance against efforts

to round up the country's
Jewish population,

the Nazis caught nearly 500 Jews,

forcing Denmark's king
to send them to Terezin.

The King of Denmark,

he insists that the Danish Red Cross
are allowed into the city

to make sure
they're being cared for properly.

For the controllers at the camp,
this would be a test.

It appeared as if the people here
were being given a more lenient,

more affable lifestyle
than those in other camps

but this had
a more sinister purpose.

By now, the Nazis had solidified
their plan to annihilate
the Jewish people

and they were sending inmates
from Terezin

to death camps across their empire.

Initially, this camp was designed
for between six and 7,000 people

but in the height of the conflicts,

it was housing
eight times that number.

So, in order to satisfy
the Danish Red Cross,

the Nazis would have to escalate
their programme of extermination

to bring the camp's population down.

7,000 inmates were removed
and sent to camps elsewhere.

Many of them, in fact,
erm...were killed.

Inmates that looked sickly
were also physically removed.

The eyes of the world were about
to descend on Terezin,

so the Nazis
were prepared to put on a show.

They have this whole
beautification campaign.

They make the prisoners paint
houses, plant gardens, do anything

that would make it look
beautiful, clean, safe, healthy.

THEY SING

They even put on a children's opera
in a hall built specially
for the occasion.

The delegation concluded the
conditions at the camp were adequate

but the show wasn't over.

The Nazis see
a real opportunity here,

so they decide they're going to
make a new piece of propaganda.

They use the filmmaker Kurt Gerron
to make a documentary.

Kurt Gerron
was a Jewish film director,

and he was being FORCED

to film the activities at Terezin
for the sake of his life

and for the sake of the life
of his own wife and family.

HE SPEAKS CZECH

And the Nazis were keen

to show how much the inmates
enjoyed their football.

DR FEDOROVIC SPEAKS CZECH

But it painted a picture

that couldn't have been
in starker contrast

to the horrors
unfolding within these walls.

When filming wrapped,
the genocide continued

and a wave of transports
departed Terezin,

bound
for the death camp at Auschwitz.

HE SPEAKS CZECH

Even the film's director,
Kurt Gerron, was killed.

In the end, the film
was never made public during the war.

They made this project
to try to fool the world,

but by the time
they were finished with it,

everyone knew what they had done.

On May 9th, 1945, the Soviets
finally liberate the town

and they found
terrible horrors within.

More than 150,000 Jewish people
were brought to Terezin.

35,000 died here because, in reality,

the living conditions were
intentionally harsh to hasten death

and a further 88,000
were sent to death camps in Poland.

HE SPEAKS CZECH

Because of the spotlight placed
on Terezin by the Danish authorities,

many of the Danish Jewish people
survived the conditions here,

as did the renowned footballer
Paul Mara.

After the war, he returned to live
out his days in the United States,

dying in 1985.

He described playing football here

as a kind of comfort
in hell's waiting room.

But many were not so fortunate,

and the remnants of
the Terezin ghetto still stand today

in testimony
to those who perished here.

In southern England, is a domineering
building that's synonymous

with a monumental fall from grace.

We're in the town of Reading.

It's just a short train
ride out of London.

It's a busy town
full of commuters, shops, homes

but tucked away right in the middle
is a hulking eyesore.

Behind the brick wall
is an enormous red brick building.

It has Victorian features,
castellated windows.

You almost feel like you could be
looking at a royal palace
from some angles

but the reality
is much less dignified.

Once you're inside, it's
clear this can only be a prison.

Long corridors, rows of cell blocks
and a gloomy, oppressive air.

Within these walls, a severe form
of punishment was tested.

This is not a prison

based on idealistic attitudes
of reforming criminals.

Instead, it's almost a scientific
application of punishment.

It's the last place
you'd expect to find

one of the most celebrated
figures of British high society.

One man entered the jail

and changed its place
in history forever.

His arrest shocked the country.

At the time, he was already
a household name

but he was reduced to prisoner C33.

He was here as a result of one
of the first EVER celebrity trials.

Matthew Sturgis
has written extensively

about the prison's most famous inmate

and the inhumane conditions he faced.

This is...somewhere where your
personality is...is sort of negated.

The whole building is designed
to limit your sense of self

and your sense of agency.

The reason for this jail's existence
dates back to the 18th century,

when it was designed to solve
an unique problem.

For more than a century, Britain
had sentenced many of its criminals

to what was known as transportation.

They would be sent halfway
around the world to Australia

but by the mid-19th century,
that process was coming to an end.

The result of this, though,

was if you stop sending them off
to be Australia's problem,

they're going to
start piling up at home.

When London's prisons
became overcrowded,

the government looked outside
the capital to build somewhere new.

This is Reading Gaol.

Every inch of its design
epitomised the latest philosophy

on how to punish criminality.

It was decided that prison should
be less of a place for reform,

but rather a terrifying and
torturous place to deter people
from crime.

Reading Gaol, in its early years,
was full of the typical kind

of criminal you'd imagine here:
thieves, debtors, murderers.

But the laws were about to change

in a way that would bring
an entirely new kind of felon
into the prison.

Homosexuality had been illegal
in Britain for hundreds of years

but in 1885, a new law nicknamed
the Blackmailer's Charter
was introduced.

What it did was it extended
the grounds for which somebody

could be prosecuted to the point
where, even if two men exchanged

friendly letters where they
expressed affection for each other,

that could be
grounds for prosecution.

This would have grave implications
for one of Britain's
most famous writers.

Oscar Wilde
was a household name at this time.

He was a celebrated poet
and playwright,

had shows on in the West End,
published books,

and mingled with
the literary elite of London.

His books and his plays
were enormously popular

and he himself was a very public
figure who liked attention

but that was also...
putting his freedom at risk,

especially in this new climate.

He was, apparently, happily married
to this lovely wife, Constance.

He had two small children

but he'd been engaged in a
passionate love affair relationship

with this young English aristocrat,
Lord Alfred Douglas.

Douglas's father happened to be
an important and public figure,

the Marquess of Queensberry.

The stories floating around about
his son and Wilde
could land him in hot water.

When the Marquess publicly confronted
Wilde about his actions,

Wilde sued him for libel...

..but when he lost in court,

the Crown brought charges
against the author for sodomy
and gross indecency.

Wilde had a decision to make,

flee the country
or stay to fight the charges

and, unfortunately, he was
too stubborn for his own good.

He made the ill-advised decision
to stay and fight the charges,

thinking he would be let
off the hook.

He was found guilty
and sent to a prison in London,

where one
of his punishments was hard labour.

What he faced was
practically torture.

They employed the crank,

which was just a stiff rotating
handle attached to nothing...

..and the treadmill, where prisoners

were forced to walk around
like hamsters for hour on end.

There's no doubt that when he began
his prison sentence in London,

he was...absolutely crushed
by the...the horror.

Wilde was transferred
to Reading Gaol in November 1895...

..but his situation didn't improve.

While there, he faced
a brutal form of incarceration

known as the Separate System.

This system was all about isolation
as a form of punishment
and pacification.

Even when they left their cells,

they were forced to put on something
called a Scotch cap,

a kind of leather contraption,

leather hood
that obscured their face

and made it difficult for people
to talk to each other or even
recognise each other.

It was literally dehumanising.

Within these walls, Wilde was reduced
to the number of his cell: C33.

It is extraordinary to think
that this is...Oscar's cell.

The narrowness of the door,
the narrowness of the room.

And he would have spent
20 hours of each day

looking at these...these walls...

..that door...that window.

This must have felt like
a massive fall from grace.

He was used to crowds applauding him
in the theatre.

In a letter to the Home Secretary,

he begged for the end
of his sentence.

Wilde wrote:

"This silence, this solitude,

this isolation from all
human and humane influences.

This tomb for those
who are not yet dead."

Soon after writing these heartfelt
words, Wilde witnessed an event

that inspired one of his last
great works as a writer.

In 1896, one of Wilde's
fellow inmates

was taken into
this courtyard for his execution.

Wilde watched the whole execution
and found it deeply upsetting
and horrifying,

and that became the impetus
for his final great work.

When he finished
his two-year sentence,

Wilde was a shell of his former self
in every way

and his reputation
was entirely ruined.

An immense sense
of shame shrouded Wilde

and he couldn't stand to be seen
in his old circles in London.

After his release in 1897,
Wilde exiled himself in France...

..and his forbearing wife
finally cut him off

when he refused
to give up his lover, Lord Alfred.

In France, he wrote a poem
about the execution:

The Ballad Of Reading Gaol.

It was published under the name
of his cell, C33.

And there was something
that would draw on the horrors
of the prison world,

the horrors to which
he'd been subjected
by the British legal system

and it would transmute them
into art.

It was a remarkable poem
and it was remarkably received.

On the 30th November, 1900,
just three years after his release,

Oscar Wilde died of meningitis
in Paris.

The truth was inescapable.

The two years in jail
had undermined his health.

Reading Gaol, I think,
is one of THE key...

elements in Oscar's life.

I mean, the only location,
the only address which he turned
into a work of art.

Reading Gaol continued operating
throughout the 20th century

but in 2014 it was closed for good.

Now, there is a movement to make sure
the legacy of its most famous inmate
is not forgotten.

There's been a push
to save Reading Gaol.

Celebrities like Kate Winslet,
Natalie Dormer and Kenneth Branagh

have all backed the campaign.

In downtown Memphis,

a bastion of institutional corruption
hides in plain sight.

We're right at the heart of the city

and it projects
this sense of power and authority.

But the domineering edifice belies
the dereliction within.

The main entrance is fenced off,
the windows are boarded up.

It makes you wonder...
what happened here?

Above the building's grand entrance
is etched an indelible clue.

In faded lettering,

above the door
reads Memphis Police Station.

This was clearly
an impressive station.

This now forsaken structure

was built by a man who reigned
over Memphis for decades

and who used the people inside
to do his dirty work.

He would stop at nothing

to control this city
and even the entire state.

Everyone was expected
to do his bidding

and if they didn't...
there would be consequences.

In the early 1900s,

the city of Memphis
was experiencing rapid growth

but with that came a downside.

A railroad hub
driven by cotton industry

and the trade
along the Mississippi.

Business was booming
but as the population surged,

overcrowding, substandard living
conditions and crime

became serious social issues.

An ambitious local businessman
saw an opportunity

and used it to launch his ruthless
rise to power by running for mayor

on a Democratic ticket
to clean up the city.

There was a new political player
on the scene

and someone wanted to shake it up
and that was Edward Hull Crump.

When he was elected mayor in 1910,

Crump began work on a complex
of these, you know,

grand structures downtown.

In 1911, work began on
a new police headquarters building.

This building was crucial
to his strategy.

It was called
Memphis Central Police Station.

Along with their new headquarters,
the department recruited

more officers and invested
in cutting edge patrol vehicles.

The Memphis Police were becoming
a modern and efficient police force,

and they OWED...
that's an important word.

They OWED a lot of that
to Edward Crump.

Joe Lowry is a historian who has
extensively researched Edward Crump

and his unorthodox operations.

He was a tremendous man of vision

but the way he went about
gaining what he gained...

was different than any other mayor
that we ever had here.

The idea was that citizens
had more autonomy and power

and influence in politics.

They voted for the mayor,
but they also voted for the heads

of various commissions
like police and fire.

The belief was that this would lead
to less corruption,

you know, more efficient government

but Crump had other plans.

He realised that all he really
needed to do to control the city

was ensure that HIS people were
elected to these commission roles

and he would control the budgets,
the hiring, the firing

and even the police.

The mayor grew his network of trusted
lieutenants in key positions.

It became known as
the Crump Political Machine.

This building became an extension
of Crump's political machine

and he used the force
like his personal staff.

They were expected to help him
campaign, register voters,

and even drive citizens to the polls

to make sure that they voted
for the right candidate

and this was all done
on their own time and without pay.

Any police who didn't agree
with what he was doing

would find themselves passed over
for promotion, given worse duties,

OR fired under some pretext.

They intimidated and imprisoned
journalists,

fabricated charges
against Crump's enemies

and enforced
the mayor's dubious views.

Crump used his police department
to influence white rule...

and they did it at the end
of a nightstick.

Mr Crump was a white supremacist,

he was a segregationist,

he ran Memphis just exactly
like a small plantation

and he was the master.

Everybody, judges...
department heads...State judges...

..all were taking their orders
from the Machine.

This guy had absolute, total power.

And Crump's ambition spread
far beyond Memphis.

In 1931,
he was elected to the US Congress

and became a close ally
of future Democrat President
Franklin D Roosevelt.

When he would go to Washington,
Roosevelt had a standing order

that if Mr Crump came,
he didn't need an appointment

because he knew that Crump was that
powerful and could bring the votes.

But Crump always kept
a close eye on his home town.

In 1937, Crump made sure
that his longtime ally, Joe Boyle,

was appointed to the position
of a police commissioner,

mostly because
Boyle would do his bidding.

Every decision made by the police
department was made by Mr Crump

through his police chief
and his police commissioner.

Crump liked the way he did things

because Joe Boyle
was an aggressive bully.

There were numerous reporters
that had their cameras broken

and they were beat down
because they wrote something

that they shouldn't write.

But in the 1940s, Crump's absolute
control was challenged

and he would go to great lengths
to maintain his grip on power.

That challenge came from an
entrepreneur and Republican organiser

who would not
kowtow to Crump's regime.

JB Martin was a successful

black businessman in Memphis.

He owned a successful drugstore

and also was the owner
of the Memphis Red Sox.

Doctor Martin made an enemy of Crump
by supporting his political opponent.

Campaigning for the Republican
candidate in the upcoming
presidential elections,

he was putting himself at odds with
Crump and his political machine.

Consequences would be life changing.

Mr Crump realised that Doctor
Martin was one of those guys
that you wanted to follow.

He was a guy that you respected

because of his knowledge
and because of his character.

He dispatched his loyal deputies
to PERSUADE Doctor Martin

to renounce his support

of the Republican presidential
candidate and Crump opponent.

They went to him and they told him,
"Do not support that candidate."

And he basically told them
what they could do with themselves.

Realising that
he couldn't be threatened...

Crump used his man,

Police Commissioner Boyle,
to do his dirty work.

From his office in this building,

Boyle accused Martin
of selling illegal drugs

and ordered two policemen to stand
in front of his drugstore all day.

Police searched everyone
going in and out of Martin's store,

including kindergarteners
who were buying ice cream.

Eventually, people just
didn't really want to go

and so they just basically
put him out of business

and they ran him out of town.

He went to Chicago.

Doctor Martin's crucial support
for Crump's political opponent
had been crushed.

It just goes to show you
the power and control Crump had.

It was more like
a dictatorship, actually.

Crump's grip over the city continued

right up until the day he died
on October 16th, 1954.

Only then did his political
machine grind to a halt.

After Crump's death, the Memphis
police force continued to grow.

This was certainly still
an impressive building to work in,

but it wasn't really built
for an ever expanding police force.

By the 1980s, the police station
was getting overcrowded and tired,

in need of renovation.

So, in 1982,
it was finally shuttered.

For more than 40 years,
it has sat dormant.

Today, while the former Memphis
police headquarters faces
an uncertain future,

the complex legacy of E H Crump
continues to be felt across the city.

He had such a command...
of administration...

and how to use people.

When you have that,
you can do anything.

And he did.

In southern Argentina
lies a remote coastal settlement

that served as the backdrop
for an unlikely global showdown.

On the edge of town,
there is this long airstrip,

and then in the distance you see
what looks like mounds of earth

but there's actually something
under them.

They're entirely bare inside.

There's no sign of any furnishings,
just these huge curved roofs.

These don't look like
airport buildings.

These look like something
much chunkier.

This quiet facility
and the people living nearby,

were plunged into a war
that no-one thought they could win.

An armada of warships and aircraft
carriers set sail from Europe

to this far-flung corner
of the South Atlantic Ocean.

This was a mobilisation,

the likes of which the country
hadn't seen since World War II.

This spot is going to become a piece
of key terrain in a confrontation

that will pit a regional
power against a world power.

Argentinians like Alejandro Granero
lived through a time

when his country faced severe
economic problems.

HE SPEAKS SPANISH

In the late 1970s, Argentina's
military junta looked to war

to distract its discontented public
from the government's failings.

HE SPEAKS SPANISH

Successful diplomatic intervention
averted war with Chile

but by the 1980s, when a new
military leader came to power,

Argentina's woes
had still not abated.

In 1982, General Galtieri realises
that the Falklands present

a very enticing opportunity for him.

But the Falklands had been a British
overseas territory since the 1800s.

They valued its potential
resources and strategic position

over sea routes.

Its 2,000-odd islanders considered
themselves British,

but Argentina
had long disputed control.

On April 2nd, Galtieri launched

a full-scale invasion of the islands.

By many, it was seen as
this grand nationalistic move.

The Argentines are convinced

the last thing the British
are going to do is fight.

Why would they? Right?
I mean, it's over 8,000 miles away.

US President Ronald Reagan tried
to convince Britain not to fight.

Even though the Americans
were supplying intelligence, fuel

and ammunition to the British
behind the scenes.

To the surprise of everyone....

..and as the world watches
in disbelief...

a British task force
is moving slowly

to take the Falklands back.

The Armada was made up of 127 ships
carrying 25,000 British troops.

The Argentinian junta rushed to
fortify their positions
on the islands...

..but they ran into a problem.

The Falklands only had
three airfields

and none of them were big
enough to support fast jets

and so the Argentines had to launch
their bombers and fighter jets
from the mainland.

This is Puerto San Julian Airfield...

..the closest point on mainland
Argentina to the Falklands,

more than 400 miles away.

HE SPEAKS SPANISH

Then, on the 1st May, 1982,
the British task force arrived

off the coast
of the Falkland Islands.

At the same time, pilots from
Puerto San Julian took to the skies.

HE SPEAKS SPANISH

One day later, a British nuclear
submarine responded with an attack

that remains controversial
to this day.

HMS Conqueror is able to put weapons
into the General Belgrano

and sink it.

The Belgrano
was an Argentine Navy cruiser

which had been bought
from the US military.

This was one of Argentina's
key military assets.

The Argentinians respond

by bombing a series of targets
around the Falklands.

The Argentine Air Force pounds
the British task force.

Pounds it when it lands.

Pounds it when it's at sea.

All the people of Puerto San Julian
could do was wait and hope

that the pilots would
return home safely.

The residents would watch
the fighter jets take off

and then when the pilots came back,
they would be counting each aircraft

in the sky to make sure
no one had been lost.

It's a time that locals
like Andres Kyle will never forget.

HE SPEAKS SPANISH

Over 45 days, the two squadrons
based at Puerto San Julian flew

more than 150 sorties
against British ships.

ALEJANDRO GRANERO SPEAKS SPANISH

The Argentine Air Force
is immensely successful

at blunting the British attack.

For a moment, it seemed
the Argentinian underdogs

MIGHT have the upper hand

but the pilot's efforts
would be in vain.

The Argentine forces
were not strong enough,

those poor Argentine conscripts,

freezing in trenches
in the Falklands...

they had no chance.

The British Army manages to kill
or capture all the Argentines.

They surrender and the Union
flag flew once again.

The conflict lasted just 74 days

and it cost the lives
of 649 Argentines, 255 British

and three Falkland Islanders.

The British had regained

their strategic foothold
in the South Atlantic

and, by the end of the year,

the airfield at Puerto San Julian
had been abandoned.

After the conflict ended,

the hangars were, basically,
left to their own devices,

and life in this sleepy port town
went back to normal.

Currently, the Falkland Islands
are still in British hands,

but, for many, the dispute remains.

HE SPEAKS SPANISH

Subtitles by Red Bee Media