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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,440 --> 00:00:07,280 The musical heartbeat of a city brought down by racial division... 2 00:00:07,320 --> 00:00:10,880 There were raids, there were arrests. People were taken away. 3 00:00:11,880 --> 00:00:14,440 ..A training facility in Belarus 4 00:00:14,480 --> 00:00:16,880 used for a terrifying show of strength... 5 00:00:17,960 --> 00:00:21,080 Everyone in the west is acutely aware 6 00:00:21,120 --> 00:00:26,440 that this could be world war III. 7 00:00:28,040 --> 00:00:30,600 ..And a mighty fortress in Indonesia 8 00:00:30,640 --> 00:00:34,200 built in a time when nations behave like pirates. 9 00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:38,480 This relic was once the site of a furious battle, 10 00:00:38,520 --> 00:00:41,560 raged over the most unlikely of treasures, 11 00:00:41,600 --> 00:00:43,760 worth more in weight than gold. 12 00:00:46,680 --> 00:00:52,200 Decaying relics, ruins of lost worlds. 13 00:00:53,920 --> 00:00:56,480 Sites haunted by the past, 14 00:00:56,520 --> 00:00:59,999 their secrets waiting to be revealed. 15 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:01,480 Their secrets waiting to be revealed. 16 00:01:10,480 --> 00:01:14,720 In the state of Louisiana, where the great Mississippi meets 17 00:01:14,760 --> 00:01:19,200 the Gulf of Mexico, lies the vibrant city of New Orleans. 18 00:01:21,680 --> 00:01:25,600 We're on la salle street in the central city neighbourhood. 19 00:01:25,640 --> 00:01:27,440 This is not a neighbourhood 20 00:01:27,480 --> 00:01:30,160 that tourists usually spend a lot of time in. 21 00:01:31,320 --> 00:01:35,600 Among well-kept homes are a scattering of rundown buildings, 22 00:01:35,640 --> 00:01:38,320 one of which could easily be overlooked. 23 00:01:40,920 --> 00:01:44,280 It's dilapidated, some of the windows are boarded up, 24 00:01:44,320 --> 00:01:47,840 and you can see where the old signs and hoardings used to be. 25 00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:52,040 As you enter through the old doors, 26 00:01:52,080 --> 00:01:57,200 you see what looks to be a reception area or ticket booth. 27 00:01:59,160 --> 00:02:00,000 In one part of the complex, there is a perfectly preserved barber chair. 28 00:02:00,001 --> 00:02:03,001 In one part of the complex, there is a perfectly preserved barber chair. 29 00:02:04,200 --> 00:02:08,440 Out front, one distinctive sign has survived 30 00:02:08,479 --> 00:02:11,160 and reveals what this place once was. 31 00:02:12,120 --> 00:02:16,280 And this sign should call up memories 32 00:02:16,320 --> 00:02:20,040 for any fan of American roots music. 33 00:02:21,440 --> 00:02:25,080 This locale has a legendary name in music history. 34 00:02:26,440 --> 00:02:28,320 The dew drop inn was a light, 35 00:02:28,360 --> 00:02:31,800 and this light attracted people from all over New Orleans 36 00:02:31,840 --> 00:02:33,040 and all over america. 37 00:02:33,080 --> 00:02:37,880 As well as great names, it attracted huge controversy. 38 00:02:37,920 --> 00:02:40,280 This place was victim to constant raids. 39 00:02:41,800 --> 00:02:43,760 The drop was pushing boundaries 40 00:02:43,800 --> 00:02:46,520 and it would bring the wrath of the local law. 41 00:02:49,800 --> 00:02:52,640 Curtis doucette is a property developer 42 00:02:52,680 --> 00:02:55,880 trying to restore this club to its former glory. 43 00:02:56,720 --> 00:02:59,720 So we're in the space that was the nightclub 44 00:02:59,760 --> 00:03:00,000 and there was a stage here. 45 00:03:00,001 --> 00:03:01,920 And there was a stage here. 46 00:03:01,960 --> 00:03:04,240 It wasn't just music. 47 00:03:04,280 --> 00:03:06,960 There was full entertainment, I mean, a full show. 48 00:03:07,000 --> 00:03:10,000 There was shake dancers here, there was... 49 00:03:10,920 --> 00:03:14,120 One gentleman I believe it was iron jaw or metal jaw 50 00:03:14,160 --> 00:03:15,160 or something like that. 51 00:03:15,200 --> 00:03:17,800 I've heard stories, it's unbelievable, 52 00:03:17,840 --> 00:03:20,400 but of him chewing glass, for instance. 53 00:03:21,880 --> 00:03:25,320 By the 1950s, the drop, as it was known, 54 00:03:25,360 --> 00:03:28,960 had become a mecca for america's R&B greats. 55 00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:31,960 You had folks like Duke Ellington, 56 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:35,080 Ella Fitzgerald, ike and Tina Turner. 57 00:03:35,120 --> 00:03:39,320 People like ray Charles, Otis Redding, James brown. 58 00:03:39,360 --> 00:03:42,320 Little Richard even wrote a song about it. 59 00:03:44,440 --> 00:03:45,720 There are stories about, like, 60 00:03:45,760 --> 00:03:50,880 maybe the first rock’n’roll song, you know, was sang here. 61 00:03:50,920 --> 00:03:55,680 This was a gathering place, not just to see great music being performed, 62 00:03:55,720 --> 00:03:59,999 but a place where musicians could hang out when they're in town. 63 00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:01,376 But a place where musicians could hang out when they're in town. 64 00:04:01,400 --> 00:04:05,600 One newspaper called it "the south's swankiest nightspot". 65 00:04:09,200 --> 00:04:11,600 Its fame and popularity were born 66 00:04:11,640 --> 00:04:15,600 out of the restrictions of living in the Jim crow south. 67 00:04:17,600 --> 00:04:20,120 So Jim crow is the colloquial name given 68 00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:24,000 to the laws that separated American citizens from each other. 69 00:04:24,040 --> 00:04:27,600 White institutions were financed and maintained, 70 00:04:27,640 --> 00:04:30,880 whereas the separate institutions 71 00:04:30,920 --> 00:04:35,960 for African Americans were left to dilapidate, or didn't exist at all. 72 00:04:36,000 --> 00:04:39,640 In some cases hotels were white only, 73 00:04:39,680 --> 00:04:42,520 and there were no hotels for African Americans. 74 00:04:42,560 --> 00:04:46,520 One of the great ironies and injustices of this era 75 00:04:46,560 --> 00:04:51,520 was that black musicians were often invited to play white clubs, 76 00:04:51,560 --> 00:04:54,280 but they couldn't even necessarily sit at the bar 77 00:04:54,320 --> 00:04:55,960 and have a drink in that club, 78 00:04:56,000 --> 00:04:59,999 or stay in the neighbourhood where the club was located. 79 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:00,080 Or stay in the neighbourhood where the club was located. 80 00:05:00,120 --> 00:05:04,400 They had to find a place to stay and hang out after the show. 81 00:05:05,840 --> 00:05:08,000 That left a gap in the market, 82 00:05:08,040 --> 00:05:13,400 a fact not lost on one young man working nearby on lasalle street. 83 00:05:16,640 --> 00:05:20,000 The man behind this whole complex 84 00:05:20,040 --> 00:05:26,920 was named frank g painia, and he was a real visionary 85 00:05:26,960 --> 00:05:32,600 and a real representative of a kind of entrepreneurship 86 00:05:32,640 --> 00:05:35,320 that helped build the black community 87 00:05:35,360 --> 00:05:38,000 in the days of Jim crow and segregation. 88 00:05:39,360 --> 00:05:42,320 His grandson Kenneth Jackson recalls 89 00:05:42,360 --> 00:05:45,960 how he seized the opportunities these laws could offer. 90 00:05:46,920 --> 00:05:52,600 He was a barber by trade and he decided to bring his family 91 00:05:52,640 --> 00:05:57,520 to New Orleans, and he started his barber business, 92 00:05:57,560 --> 00:05:59,999 and when the property came up for sale, 93 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:00,280 and when the property came up for sale, 94 00:06:00,320 --> 00:06:02,456 he and his brother decided to purchase 95 00:06:02,480 --> 00:06:06,880 one side of the building, and they had the idea to start a club. 96 00:06:06,920 --> 00:06:08,440 You know, to start, like, a bar 97 00:06:08,480 --> 00:06:11,800 and then they added on live entertainment. 98 00:06:13,600 --> 00:06:17,400 Kenneth has fond memories of living here as a child 99 00:06:17,440 --> 00:06:19,696 and enjoying this unusual playground. 100 00:06:19,720 --> 00:06:23,640 We'd come in when they were cleaning up the bar and they had 101 00:06:23,680 --> 00:06:27,280 a set of instruments that were on the stage and you could get up there 102 00:06:27,320 --> 00:06:31,000 and beat on the drum, or play with the piano, 103 00:06:31,040 --> 00:06:32,520 or stuff like that, you know? 104 00:06:32,560 --> 00:06:38,440 Always some entertainers or musicians that were there, 105 00:06:38,480 --> 00:06:41,640 that were, like, part of the house band, 106 00:06:41,680 --> 00:06:45,920 and they were basically almost like relatives to us, you know. 107 00:06:45,960 --> 00:06:47,760 My nickname was rooster, 108 00:06:47,800 --> 00:06:51,040 so all of them would call me rooster, 109 00:06:51,080 --> 00:06:54,600 but it was a festive environment. 110 00:06:54,640 --> 00:06:56,416 Everybody wanted to have a good laugh 111 00:06:56,440 --> 00:06:59,800 and it just felt like a family. 112 00:07:01,080 --> 00:07:04,400 Frank had also purchased the other side of the building, 113 00:07:04,440 --> 00:07:08,160 allowing him to further expand the enterprise. 114 00:07:09,480 --> 00:07:12,880 So, the dew drop was a multi-purpose business, right? 115 00:07:12,920 --> 00:07:16,440 There was a barbershop here, there was a restaurant here. 116 00:07:16,480 --> 00:07:19,000 There was a bar, there was a nightclub. 117 00:07:19,040 --> 00:07:21,376 All of those things existed within this space 118 00:07:21,400 --> 00:07:23,720 which is about 13,000 square feet. 119 00:07:25,040 --> 00:07:29,520 Hotel is pretty much now what it was. There's 29 rooms here. 120 00:07:29,560 --> 00:07:32,000 Most of them are very small rooms. 121 00:07:34,120 --> 00:07:36,240 So this is one of the smaller rooms 122 00:07:36,280 --> 00:07:40,480 and one of the few rooms that actually have a bathroom in it. 123 00:07:41,240 --> 00:07:45,160 Soon, the drop was added to the famous green book. 124 00:07:46,160 --> 00:07:47,880 So this was basically a guide 125 00:07:47,920 --> 00:07:52,440 for how African American motorists were to navigate the Jim crow south, 126 00:07:52,480 --> 00:07:56,400 and let them know where they could be arbitrarily denied service, 127 00:07:56,440 --> 00:07:59,999 food, lodging, not to mention be arrested for no good reason. 128 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:00,440 Food, lodging, not to mention be arrested for no good reason. 129 00:08:00,480 --> 00:08:02,800 This was an essential tool 130 00:08:02,840 --> 00:08:07,000 for anyone black in that age trying to travel. 131 00:08:08,880 --> 00:08:11,600 The dew drop fit in the green book network 132 00:08:11,640 --> 00:08:15,480 because it was a place where you could rent rooms, 133 00:08:15,520 --> 00:08:19,200 you could eat, you could get your hair cut. 134 00:08:19,240 --> 00:08:24,560 You know, it was just a welcoming type of atmosphere 135 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:26,320 for people that were coming to town. 136 00:08:27,480 --> 00:08:30,360 The dew drop inn therefore formed 137 00:08:30,400 --> 00:08:34,760 part of a network of green book-led institutions 138 00:08:34,799 --> 00:08:40,120 that kept up and maintained a space for African American entertainers. 139 00:08:40,159 --> 00:08:43,919 In many ways, these places provided a heartbeat 140 00:08:43,960 --> 00:08:47,480 and a lifeline for this culture. 141 00:08:48,920 --> 00:08:51,520 It's heart-breaking to think this was necessary, 142 00:08:51,560 --> 00:08:54,520 and the injustice of it still rankles, 143 00:08:54,560 --> 00:08:58,640 but this was the reality, so the dew drop inn was kind of a beacon 144 00:08:58,680 --> 00:08:59,999 on this landscape of hospitality 145 00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:01,136 on this landscape of hospitality 146 00:09:01,160 --> 00:09:04,520 for anyone who came through the area. 147 00:09:06,560 --> 00:09:11,040 Ray Charles and little Richard made the most of frank's hospitality. 148 00:09:11,080 --> 00:09:15,320 Both lived and recorded here in the mid-1950s. 149 00:09:16,240 --> 00:09:21,040 We're talking a who's who of entertainment back in the days. 150 00:09:21,080 --> 00:09:26,640 It was just a place where musicians, if they weren't playing there, 151 00:09:26,680 --> 00:09:30,040 they would come there to find out where work was. 152 00:09:31,040 --> 00:09:36,120 So the dew drop inn was an anchor for the whole network of musicians 153 00:09:36,160 --> 00:09:38,640 during a period when these musicians 154 00:09:38,680 --> 00:09:40,816 were not only transforming American music, 155 00:09:40,840 --> 00:09:45,800 they were making music that would transform popular music 156 00:09:45,840 --> 00:09:46,840 around the world. 157 00:09:48,360 --> 00:09:52,760 But it was frank's open-door policy that was so unusual for the time. 158 00:09:54,800 --> 00:09:57,320 You had guys that dressed up like women, 159 00:09:57,360 --> 00:09:59,999 and, you know, it was just part of the atmosphere. 160 00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:02,560 And, you know, it was just part of the atmosphere. 161 00:10:03,360 --> 00:10:07,360 At frank's request, the famous female impersonator 162 00:10:07,400 --> 00:10:12,840 patsy vidalia became resident bartender, performer and mc. 163 00:10:12,880 --> 00:10:15,920 Vidalia, known as the toast of New Orleans, 164 00:10:15,960 --> 00:10:20,960 hosted an annual gay ball held here each Halloween. 165 00:10:21,880 --> 00:10:24,800 (Cheerful music) 166 00:10:24,840 --> 00:10:27,560 Frank painia, the organiser, 167 00:10:27,600 --> 00:10:31,480 made a space that was inclusive, not exclusive. 168 00:10:31,520 --> 00:10:34,920 African Americans mixed with their white counterparts. 169 00:10:34,960 --> 00:10:37,920 They even embraced notions of gender fluidity 170 00:10:37,960 --> 00:10:42,200 and had themed nights in which people were able to explore 171 00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:46,120 various forms of sexuality in a way in which would have been 172 00:10:46,160 --> 00:10:49,960 unheard of in the established nightclubs of New Orleans. 173 00:10:51,480 --> 00:10:55,880 For the time, you know, it wasn't acceptable everywhere, you know? 174 00:10:55,920 --> 00:10:57,560 Everybody didn't agree with that, 175 00:10:57,600 --> 00:10:59,376 you know, that that should be allowed. 176 00:10:59,400 --> 00:11:00,000 But it was ok at the dew drop, you know? 177 00:11:00,001 --> 00:11:03,000 But it was ok at the dew drop, you know? 178 00:11:03,040 --> 00:11:09,080 That was a part of society that people were overlooking, 179 00:11:09,120 --> 00:11:12,960 but my grandfather didn't care. 180 00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:15,360 You know, it was like he felt that, 181 00:11:15,400 --> 00:11:19,360 you know, they deserve to be seen in their own way. 182 00:11:21,440 --> 00:11:24,240 But in such a racist, divided society, 183 00:11:24,280 --> 00:11:28,680 this level of tolerance and success drew some serious heat. 184 00:11:30,080 --> 00:11:32,376 It really took an immense amount of courage 185 00:11:32,400 --> 00:11:37,720 for him to offer this open-door policy, but he did suffer for it. 186 00:11:39,320 --> 00:11:42,400 The authorities decided to shut down the dew drop inn. 187 00:11:42,440 --> 00:11:44,360 This meant that on a weekly basis, 188 00:11:44,400 --> 00:11:47,240 there were raids, there were arrests. 189 00:11:47,280 --> 00:11:48,560 People were taken away. 190 00:11:48,600 --> 00:11:53,960 The attempt was to make sure that the inn closed for good. 191 00:11:54,680 --> 00:11:59,999 There were times when my grandfather actually had police pull up outside, 192 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:02,136 there were times when my grandfather actually had police pull up outside, 193 00:12:02,160 --> 00:12:04,680 with what they called paddy wagons back then, 194 00:12:04,720 --> 00:12:08,200 and if they knew that they had white people in here, 195 00:12:08,240 --> 00:12:12,000 they would arrest everybody in the place and take 'em all down 196 00:12:12,040 --> 00:12:14,160 and charge them with racial mixing. 197 00:12:14,200 --> 00:12:16,040 There's also times 198 00:12:16,080 --> 00:12:18,960 when there weren't just raids but there was just harassment, 199 00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:21,816 police driving by and telling people, "you better not go inside. 200 00:12:21,840 --> 00:12:24,601 If I catch you inside there, then I'm taking you to jail." 201 00:12:26,480 --> 00:12:28,680 These arrests were commonplace, 202 00:12:28,720 --> 00:12:32,840 but one particular raid made national headlines. 203 00:12:33,880 --> 00:12:38,960 In 1952, the actor Zachary Scott got arrested 204 00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:42,360 at the dew drop inn for disturbing the peace, 205 00:12:42,400 --> 00:12:44,480 and frank painia got arrested 206 00:12:44,520 --> 00:12:48,560 for the crime of serving blacks and whites together, 207 00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:51,600 which was actually against the New Orleans city code. 208 00:12:53,320 --> 00:12:56,000 After years of constant harassment, 209 00:12:56,040 --> 00:12:58,120 frank sued the city, 210 00:12:58,160 --> 00:12:59,999 arguing that the Jim crow laws were unconstitutional. 211 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:02,296 Arguing that the Jim crow laws were unconstitutional. 212 00:13:02,320 --> 00:13:05,480 Painia took the suit all the way up to a federal court, 213 00:13:05,520 --> 00:13:07,656 but before a verdict could be reached, 214 00:13:07,680 --> 00:13:13,240 the civil rights laws were passed in 1964, legally ending segregation. 215 00:13:14,840 --> 00:13:18,360 This is absolutely what frank wanted, but incidentally, 216 00:13:18,400 --> 00:13:22,120 it actually contributed to the demise of the dew drop inn. 217 00:13:22,160 --> 00:13:26,000 You would hear people around that time, in reference to integration. 218 00:13:26,040 --> 00:13:28,056 They would say, "well, you know, white man's ice is colder," 219 00:13:28,080 --> 00:13:30,680 and so people didn't come to the dew drop 220 00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:32,576 as much as they did because they had options, 221 00:13:32,600 --> 00:13:35,176 and particularly options that had been taken away from them 222 00:13:35,200 --> 00:13:36,560 for a very long time. 223 00:13:37,400 --> 00:13:40,040 Sadly, frank died of cancer 224 00:13:40,080 --> 00:13:44,760 just a few years after the dance hall closed in the late 1960s. 225 00:13:46,600 --> 00:13:50,600 As a person, my grandfather was a real all-around nice guy, 226 00:13:50,640 --> 00:13:54,520 and he loved for people to enjoy themselves. 227 00:13:54,560 --> 00:13:58,080 He tried to help people whenever he could. 228 00:13:59,840 --> 00:14:00,000 In 2005, a deadly blow was delivered, 229 00:14:00,001 --> 00:14:03,880 in 2005, a deadly blow was delivered, 230 00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:07,280 not just to the drop, but to the whole of New Orleans. 231 00:14:09,680 --> 00:14:12,136 Those of us who were here during hurricane Katrina, 232 00:14:12,160 --> 00:14:14,000 we remember the infamous watermarks. 233 00:14:14,040 --> 00:14:15,336 This is one of the ways that we know 234 00:14:15,360 --> 00:14:18,840 how high the water settled in a place like this, 235 00:14:18,880 --> 00:14:22,360 so this, you know, looks like maybe 2.5 feet or so 236 00:14:22,400 --> 00:14:24,480 that the water settled. 237 00:14:26,560 --> 00:14:29,480 The impact of the hurricane was so great, 238 00:14:29,520 --> 00:14:34,240 the rest of the business closed and has sat abandoned ever since. 239 00:14:39,880 --> 00:14:43,800 Though devastated, this place is far from forgotten, 240 00:14:43,840 --> 00:14:47,600 and Curtis hopes to bring it back to life. 241 00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:52,880 I would say my day job is an affordable housing developer. 242 00:14:52,920 --> 00:14:56,120 When I found out about this place, really, the history of it 243 00:14:56,160 --> 00:14:59,999 is what made me fall in love, and so this is a passion project for me. 244 00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:00,480 Is what made me fall in love, and so this is a passion project for me. 245 00:15:00,520 --> 00:15:02,000 My goal for the dew drop inn 246 00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:06,440 is to make it as close as possible to what it used to be. 247 00:15:06,480 --> 00:15:08,440 You walk in to the building now, 248 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:13,920 it’s kind of a bittersweet situation. 249 00:15:15,600 --> 00:15:21,560 I basically have to realise my mortality, you know? 250 00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:23,000 I'm getting older. 251 00:15:23,040 --> 00:15:29,520 It's kind of like I need to pass the torch to a younger generation. 252 00:15:30,720 --> 00:15:33,136 It's in need of a lot of repair, of course, 253 00:15:33,160 --> 00:15:38,440 but I feel lucky, or blessed, to have it still in existence 254 00:15:38,480 --> 00:15:40,560 and with the potential 255 00:15:40,600 --> 00:15:45,880 of being refurbished and reborn. 256 00:15:52,640 --> 00:15:55,040 In a remote region of Indonesia 257 00:15:55,080 --> 00:15:59,120 is a defensive structure built in an age of discovery, 258 00:15:59,160 --> 00:16:00,000 conquest and greed. 259 00:16:00,001 --> 00:16:01,200 Conquest and greed. 260 00:16:04,680 --> 00:16:07,720 It's an island paradise. It's hot and humid. 261 00:16:07,760 --> 00:16:09,776 There are fishing boats dotting the landscape, 262 00:16:09,800 --> 00:16:13,680 and at the water's edge, there's a cluster of one-storey buildings. 263 00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:18,640 Further up the hill is what looks like a castle. 264 00:16:19,400 --> 00:16:24,000 The imposing structure suggests a military history, 265 00:16:24,040 --> 00:16:27,160 but just whose battleground was this tropical island? 266 00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:32,160 The brutal construction, 267 00:16:32,200 --> 00:16:35,840 at odds with the serene beauty of the surrounding land, 268 00:16:35,880 --> 00:16:39,240 suggests it was built by people a long way from home. 269 00:16:41,160 --> 00:16:44,800 This design is typical of the Pentagon-shaped fortresses 270 00:16:44,840 --> 00:16:46,320 found across Europe, 271 00:16:46,360 --> 00:16:51,120 but here, it's on the remote island of banda neira in Indonesia. 272 00:16:52,640 --> 00:16:54,320 There's a courtyard at the centre, 273 00:16:54,360 --> 00:16:58,320 with what looks like a well, and these strange square blocks, 274 00:16:58,360 --> 00:16:59,999 where it's really not clear what their purpose was. 275 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:02,600 Where it's really not clear what their purpose was. 276 00:17:02,760 --> 00:17:05,400 From the outer wall, still armed with cannons, 277 00:17:05,440 --> 00:17:08,160 you can see miles into the distance. 278 00:17:09,040 --> 00:17:13,319 So clearly this was set up to stave off any threat from the oceans. 279 00:17:14,640 --> 00:17:18,319 What was it here that required such immense protection? 280 00:17:19,520 --> 00:17:21,920 And what foreign force risked slaughter 281 00:17:21,960 --> 00:17:26,839 by launching a daring raid to seize control of the prized asset? 282 00:17:30,040 --> 00:17:32,000 This relic was once the site 283 00:17:32,040 --> 00:17:36,800 of a furious battle raged over the most unlikely of treasures. 284 00:17:46,120 --> 00:17:49,720 The Indonesian island of banda has long been coveted 285 00:17:49,760 --> 00:17:51,480 for its natural resources. 286 00:17:52,600 --> 00:17:54,840 Lukman ang is a local guide, 287 00:17:54,880 --> 00:17:58,040 born and raised in this tropical paradise. 288 00:18:01,120 --> 00:18:02,680 (Speaks foreign language) 289 00:18:17,080 --> 00:18:20,640 For hundreds of years, the location of the banda islands 290 00:18:20,680 --> 00:18:25,240 and their sought-after riches remained a closely guarded secret. 291 00:18:26,120 --> 00:18:29,720 Their eventual discovery would change everything. 292 00:18:30,880 --> 00:18:32,880 (Speaks foreign language) 293 00:18:41,240 --> 00:18:44,880 We've all heard the phrase, "money doesn't grow on trees." 294 00:18:44,920 --> 00:18:47,680 Well, here in banda, it did. 295 00:18:49,240 --> 00:18:55,280 Spice was really the most valuable commodity of the age, 296 00:18:55,320 --> 00:18:59,999 and the banda islands were the Jewel in the crown of this trade network. 297 00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:01,656 And the banda islands were the Jewel in the crown of this trade network. 298 00:19:01,680 --> 00:19:04,520 It was the only known place in the world 299 00:19:04,560 --> 00:19:07,120 where you could grow nutmeg and mace. 300 00:19:07,160 --> 00:19:13,000 Nutmeg was especially important, as it was thought to prevent plague. 301 00:19:14,400 --> 00:19:16,616 What value would you put on something 302 00:19:16,640 --> 00:19:18,840 that could cure you of the plague? 303 00:19:18,880 --> 00:19:23,560 Unsurprisingly, Europeans would pay an extortionate amount 304 00:19:23,600 --> 00:19:25,040 for this medicine. 305 00:19:27,760 --> 00:19:29,880 In the early 1500s, 306 00:19:29,920 --> 00:19:34,880 only Asian and arab traders knew where to find the prized spices. 307 00:19:35,880 --> 00:19:38,680 Among Europe's fledging colonial forces, 308 00:19:38,720 --> 00:19:41,040 the race was on to find the islands 309 00:19:41,080 --> 00:19:44,520 and seize control of the lucrative trade for themselves. 310 00:19:45,720 --> 00:19:47,080 (Speaks foreign language) 311 00:19:57,120 --> 00:19:59,840 The Dutch were next to discover the islands 312 00:19:59,880 --> 00:20:00,000 and they swiftly forced out their European rivals. 313 00:20:00,001 --> 00:20:03,280 And they swiftly forced out their European rivals. 314 00:20:04,560 --> 00:20:08,920 At first, they tried to strike a peaceful deal with bandanese nobles 315 00:20:08,960 --> 00:20:12,480 that would Grant them exclusive rights to the islands' riches. 316 00:20:15,040 --> 00:20:18,960 But this contract alone wasn't enough to guarantee a monopoly, 317 00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:22,360 and they soon turned to another means of control. 318 00:20:23,200 --> 00:20:28,320 In 1609, the Dutch admiral verhoeven 319 00:20:28,360 --> 00:20:31,720 arrives in the banda islands with a request to build a fort, 320 00:20:31,760 --> 00:20:34,840 but the banda people aren't gonna hand over their land so lightly. 321 00:20:34,880 --> 00:20:38,600 Verhoeven and his men were ambushed and killed. 322 00:20:38,640 --> 00:20:41,400 The Dutch responded by destroying local ships, 323 00:20:41,440 --> 00:20:44,360 plundering villages and executing local leaders. 324 00:20:47,240 --> 00:20:51,240 This extraordinary violence led to the signing of a peace treaty, 325 00:20:51,280 --> 00:20:54,080 which recognised Dutch authority over banda, 326 00:20:54,120 --> 00:20:56,640 and even more importantly, over the spice trade. 327 00:20:59,560 --> 00:21:00,000 And so what began as, you know, trade, 328 00:21:00,001 --> 00:21:03,040 and so what began as, you know, trade, 329 00:21:03,080 --> 00:21:06,800 really involved colonisation and occupation. 330 00:21:09,720 --> 00:21:13,440 Fort Nassau, built in 1609, 331 00:21:13,480 --> 00:21:17,600 would prove to be only the first of a number of strongholds 332 00:21:17,640 --> 00:21:21,200 constructed to safeguard Dutch interests in the area. 333 00:21:21,240 --> 00:21:27,080 What unfolded was a tragic story, stained in the blood of locals 334 00:21:27,120 --> 00:21:30,280 spilled at the hands of foreign invaders. 335 00:21:33,320 --> 00:21:36,520 By 1621, the Dutch still felt 336 00:21:36,560 --> 00:21:40,360 that they didn't have a secure monopoly on the nutmeg trade. 337 00:21:41,560 --> 00:21:44,840 Some locals continued to trade with other nations, 338 00:21:44,880 --> 00:21:47,520 in defiance of their treaty with the Dutch. 339 00:21:49,280 --> 00:21:53,160 The Dutch had all the excuse they needed to initiate a massacre. 340 00:21:54,320 --> 00:21:56,400 Nobels were beheaded, 341 00:21:56,440 --> 00:21:59,480 villages razed and islanders tortured. 342 00:21:59,520 --> 00:22:00,000 It was a bloodbath. 343 00:22:00,001 --> 00:22:01,560 It was a bloodbath. 344 00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:09,200 The native population fell from 15,000 to 1,000, 345 00:22:09,240 --> 00:22:11,760 and maybe even less than that. 346 00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:13,976 By virtually annihilating the bandenese people, 347 00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:17,480 the Dutch secured their monopoly, but at a horrible cost. 348 00:22:18,440 --> 00:22:21,320 In fact, the Dutch had killed so many bandanese people 349 00:22:21,360 --> 00:22:25,440 that they needed to turn to and bring in enslaved labour 350 00:22:25,480 --> 00:22:28,240 from India and China to work on the plantations. 351 00:22:30,840 --> 00:22:32,920 (Speaks foreign language) 352 00:22:52,640 --> 00:22:55,360 But the Dutch weren't alone in their endeavours. 353 00:22:55,400 --> 00:22:58,360 The British also had their eye on the region. 354 00:22:59,480 --> 00:23:00,000 The spice wars were about to enter a dangerous new era, 355 00:23:00,001 --> 00:23:03,600 the spice wars were about to enter a dangerous new era, 356 00:23:03,640 --> 00:23:07,200 and for that, the Dutch needed a new stronghold. 357 00:23:09,400 --> 00:23:11,120 As tensions increased, 358 00:23:11,160 --> 00:23:16,240 the Dutch built the larger and more strategic fort belgica. 359 00:23:17,280 --> 00:23:18,760 (Speaks foreign language) 360 00:23:29,880 --> 00:23:32,296 The belgica fort, which is still standing today, 361 00:23:32,320 --> 00:23:36,080 was begun in 1667 and took six years to complete, 362 00:23:36,120 --> 00:23:40,080 and once completed, it could Garrison 400 troops. 363 00:23:43,880 --> 00:23:46,800 Every inch of the fort's construction was intended to inspire 364 00:23:46,840 --> 00:23:51,800 fear among locals and deter any would-be European attackers. 365 00:23:54,040 --> 00:23:55,680 (Speaks foreign language) 366 00:24:16,920 --> 00:24:19,640 The outer ring consists of a low wall, 367 00:24:19,680 --> 00:24:23,280 designed with five bastions to cover all angles. 368 00:24:25,240 --> 00:24:27,176 The inner ring was built much higher, 369 00:24:27,200 --> 00:24:31,080 with five circular towers that offer panoramic views. 370 00:24:33,760 --> 00:24:34,960 (Speaks foreign language) 371 00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:47,400 From here, it was easy to spot 372 00:24:47,440 --> 00:24:50,680 anyone trying to smuggle spices illegally. 373 00:24:51,680 --> 00:24:56,120 Those whom they caught they threw into these cramped prison cells. 374 00:24:56,160 --> 00:24:59,040 They were built for political prisoners, 375 00:24:59,080 --> 00:25:00,936 but also for any of the locals but also for any of the locals 376 00:25:00,960 --> 00:25:03,520 who dared to sell nutmeg to anyone but the Dutch. 377 00:25:06,760 --> 00:25:09,760 Capture didn't just mean imprisonment. 378 00:25:09,800 --> 00:25:12,440 It often meant a death sentence. 379 00:25:15,280 --> 00:25:16,760 (Speaks foreign language) 380 00:25:46,280 --> 00:25:49,440 But Dutch domination of the islands’ people 381 00:25:49,480 --> 00:25:54,960 and the money-spinning trade in nutmeg and mace was nearing its end. 382 00:25:55,000 --> 00:25:56,360 The British were coming. 383 00:25:58,120 --> 00:25:59,800 The British had never relinquished 384 00:25:59,840 --> 00:26:00,000 their desire to get their hands on the spice trade. 385 00:26:00,001 --> 00:26:02,840 Their desire to get their hands on the spice trade. 386 00:26:03,960 --> 00:26:08,240 And when the Netherlands fell to France in the napoleonic wars, 387 00:26:08,280 --> 00:26:11,960 the British sensed an opportunity and invaded the islands. 388 00:26:13,080 --> 00:26:18,640 In August, 1810, a naval squadron commanded by captain Cole arrived 389 00:26:18,680 --> 00:26:21,000 in the waters of the banda sea. 390 00:26:22,400 --> 00:26:23,640 (Speaks foreign language) 391 00:26:35,840 --> 00:26:37,880 From the towers of this bastion, 392 00:26:37,920 --> 00:26:41,920 it seems impossible the British could have avoided detection. 393 00:26:41,960 --> 00:26:44,840 The guards in their sentry boxes 394 00:26:44,880 --> 00:26:47,960 would have sighted them as soon as they came over the horizon. 395 00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:49,960 But captain Cole was clever. 396 00:26:50,000 --> 00:26:53,160 He arrived at night under the cover of darkness. 397 00:26:54,440 --> 00:26:56,680 At sunrise, Cole and his men 398 00:26:56,720 --> 00:26:59,999 launched their surprise attack and stormed fort belgica. 399 00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:01,016 Launched their surprise attack and stormed fort belgica. 400 00:27:01,040 --> 00:27:04,360 They threw ladders against the side of the ramparts 401 00:27:04,400 --> 00:27:07,480 and climbed up under heavy musket fire. 402 00:27:07,520 --> 00:27:12,840 Rather than stand and fight, the Dutch soldiers fled for their lives. 403 00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:18,120 Within hours, the battle was over, 404 00:27:18,160 --> 00:27:21,840 and the British claimed control over the rest of the island. 405 00:27:23,400 --> 00:27:28,200 The Dutch were in no mood to give up their prized asset so easily. 406 00:27:28,240 --> 00:27:31,560 They rallied their troops and hit back. 407 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:36,600 It wouldn't be long before the Dutch reclaimed their stake, 408 00:27:36,640 --> 00:27:41,480 but Cole and his men uprooted hundreds of nutmeg seedlings 409 00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:43,880 to replant in other colonies. 410 00:27:49,120 --> 00:27:51,600 With that, the Dutch stranglehold 411 00:27:51,640 --> 00:27:54,160 on the spice trade was fatally weakened. 412 00:27:54,200 --> 00:27:57,560 And as the colonial era faded into history, 413 00:27:57,600 --> 00:27:59,999 so too did the fort's significance. 414 00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:01,400 So too did the fort's significance. 415 00:28:01,560 --> 00:28:05,120 By the mid-1900s, it was completely abandoned. 416 00:28:10,040 --> 00:28:14,080 In 1991, fort belgica was restored 417 00:28:14,120 --> 00:28:17,440 and now serves as a tourist destination. 418 00:28:18,080 --> 00:28:20,760 Today, it's a powerful reminder 419 00:28:20,800 --> 00:28:26,400 of a brutal era when savagery and greed ruled supreme. 420 00:28:27,280 --> 00:28:29,200 (Speaks foreign language) 421 00:28:38,480 --> 00:28:43,040 The ruins at fort Nassau and belgica stand as a sign 422 00:28:43,080 --> 00:28:45,600 of the violence and destruction 423 00:28:45,640 --> 00:28:48,160 wrought on this region by the colonisers. 424 00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:52,120 The bandara really suffered under European colonialism. 425 00:28:53,400 --> 00:28:56,760 These were state-funded trading organisations 426 00:28:56,800 --> 00:28:59,880 with the aim of increasing influence on the world stage. 427 00:28:59,920 --> 00:29:00,000 But in essence, they were just pirates. 428 00:29:00,001 --> 00:29:02,400 But in essence, they were just pirates. 429 00:29:04,600 --> 00:29:06,360 And we can still see this dynamic 430 00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:08,656 playing out in the modern world today. 431 00:29:08,680 --> 00:29:12,560 We can still see war being fought as a business. 432 00:29:12,600 --> 00:29:18,680 We can still see economic interest driving conflicts of various sorts, 433 00:29:18,720 --> 00:29:22,160 and you still see corporations, backed by governments, 434 00:29:22,200 --> 00:29:24,216 trying to seize control of resources, 435 00:29:24,240 --> 00:29:27,280 seize control of certain regions for their resources. 436 00:29:35,520 --> 00:29:38,840 In the former Soviet republic of Belarus, 437 00:29:38,880 --> 00:29:40,320 near the Russian border, 438 00:29:40,360 --> 00:29:44,120 is a disturbing reminder of more troubled times. 439 00:29:49,280 --> 00:29:52,680 It's actually very hard to make sense of this complex 440 00:29:52,720 --> 00:29:55,600 when you first see it, and that's kind of the point. 441 00:29:57,640 --> 00:29:59,600 Crumbling interiors reveal 442 00:29:59,640 --> 00:30:00,000 a construction designed to command and conquer. 443 00:30:00,001 --> 00:30:02,800 A construction designed to command and conquer. 444 00:30:05,960 --> 00:30:07,760 There are bunker-like structures 445 00:30:07,800 --> 00:30:10,680 built with thick, reinforced concrete, 446 00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:14,680 meant for keeping whoever was on the inside safe from something, 447 00:30:15,960 --> 00:30:19,440 and yet they afford a very good view of the surrounding landscape. 448 00:30:19,480 --> 00:30:20,760 That was no accident. 449 00:30:23,640 --> 00:30:26,760 This complex was built way out in the middle of nowhere, 450 00:30:26,800 --> 00:30:28,920 and that's crucial. 451 00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:30,480 Given what they were doing here, 452 00:30:30,520 --> 00:30:34,760 they could not be near any large residential areas. 453 00:30:35,800 --> 00:30:40,800 This was a theatre of power and the drama that played out here 454 00:30:40,840 --> 00:30:45,680 was intended to strike fear into the hearts of enemies near and far. 455 00:30:47,240 --> 00:30:49,000 In some ways, what happened here 456 00:30:49,040 --> 00:30:51,640 draws parallels with modern-day Russia. 457 00:30:54,280 --> 00:30:58,440 An event of this size looked like it could only mean one thing... 458 00:30:58,480 --> 00:30:59,999 A full-scale invasion. 459 00:31:00,000 --> 00:31:01,000 A full-scale invasion. 460 00:31:04,680 --> 00:31:06,960 How important was this structure 461 00:31:07,000 --> 00:31:11,520 to an event that caused the cold war to turn red-hot? 462 00:31:14,840 --> 00:31:18,000 (Serious music) 463 00:31:18,040 --> 00:31:22,360 Yuriy shapovalov was an officer in the Soviet army. 464 00:31:22,400 --> 00:31:25,640 He first came to this location in 1981. 465 00:31:30,600 --> 00:31:32,480 (Speaks foreign language) 466 00:31:47,280 --> 00:31:51,880 At the time of yuriy's visit, the world was a very different place. 467 00:31:53,560 --> 00:31:55,560 (Speaks foreign language) 468 00:32:14,600 --> 00:32:18,760 You would have had men in uniform swarming all over this place, 469 00:32:18,800 --> 00:32:22,240 whistles, shouts, crashes booming all around. 470 00:32:22,280 --> 00:32:27,120 It would have felt like utter chaos. But this was organised chaos. 471 00:32:28,640 --> 00:32:31,760 Whoever was in charge here needed to build something that was 472 00:32:31,800 --> 00:32:36,720 almost a fully functioning city, and they had to do it in record time. 473 00:32:38,720 --> 00:32:40,200 And the superpower behind it 474 00:32:40,240 --> 00:32:44,640 had all the motivation it needed to achieve the staggering feat. 475 00:32:46,600 --> 00:32:50,440 Up until 1980, when the Soviet union invades Afghanistan, 476 00:32:50,480 --> 00:32:56,080 there had been a decade of detente, of increasing normalisation 477 00:32:56,120 --> 00:32:59,280 of relations between the west and the east. 478 00:33:00,360 --> 00:33:02,720 But by 1981, that was done with, 479 00:33:02,760 --> 00:33:05,800 and the cold war was heating up all over again. 480 00:33:05,840 --> 00:33:10,200 To make matters worse, communist rulers in Moscow 481 00:33:10,240 --> 00:33:14,040 were also facing growing unrest within their own borders. 482 00:33:15,920 --> 00:33:18,920 In the late 1970s and early 1980s, 483 00:33:18,960 --> 00:33:22,480 there's a wave of anti-Soviet sentiment in Poland, 484 00:33:22,520 --> 00:33:25,040 and this is not good news for the Soviet union. 485 00:33:26,400 --> 00:33:31,720 The election of a Polish pope only served to add fuel to the fire. 486 00:33:34,560 --> 00:33:38,520 When pope John Paul ii is elected, 487 00:33:38,560 --> 00:33:45,520 he is the senior holy man in a technically atheist country, 488 00:33:45,560 --> 00:33:51,160 and that was a poke in the eye 489 00:33:51,200 --> 00:33:54,000 to officially atheist communism. 490 00:33:54,040 --> 00:33:58,840 Even under communist rule, Poland had remained one of the most 491 00:33:58,880 --> 00:33:59,999 catholic countries in Europe, so to now have a catholic Polish pope 492 00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:05,880 catholic countries in Europe, so to now have a catholic Polish pope 493 00:34:05,920 --> 00:34:10,440 calling so visibly for resistance 494 00:34:10,480 --> 00:34:13,760 was a real threat to communist rule in the region, 495 00:34:13,800 --> 00:34:16,840 so they needed to take care of things very quickly. 496 00:34:18,360 --> 00:34:22,480 Moscow goes to the Polish defence minister and says, 497 00:34:22,520 --> 00:34:25,280 "you will crack down, or we will invade." 498 00:34:25,960 --> 00:34:31,240 Soon, troops begin to amass in the Soviet-controlled state of Belarus, 499 00:34:31,280 --> 00:34:33,360 which shares a border with Poland. 500 00:34:35,120 --> 00:34:36,600 (Speaks foreign language) 501 00:34:58,440 --> 00:34:59,999 So western analysts see 502 00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:01,480 so western analysts see 503 00:35:01,520 --> 00:35:06,320 the Soviet army massing in Eastern Europe, 504 00:35:06,360 --> 00:35:10,160 and they have got to take seriously the idea 505 00:35:10,200 --> 00:35:17,000 that this is a Soviet land attack against NATO. 506 00:35:18,440 --> 00:35:20,040 Something of this scale 507 00:35:20,080 --> 00:35:24,080 definitely looked like the precursor to an invasion. 508 00:35:24,880 --> 00:35:27,040 But not all was as it seemed. 509 00:35:27,080 --> 00:35:31,040 These are the dretun training grounds, 510 00:35:31,080 --> 00:35:36,520 the site of one of the largest military drills ever performed. 511 00:35:39,400 --> 00:35:44,000 It was called west-81 or zapad-81, 512 00:35:44,040 --> 00:35:46,760 'zapad' being the Russian word for ‘west’. 513 00:35:48,880 --> 00:35:51,920 And on the surface, it was just a massive military exercise, 514 00:35:51,960 --> 00:35:54,280 but it was something more than that. 515 00:35:59,080 --> 00:36:00,000 The zapad exercise program is a proof of concept, 516 00:36:00,001 --> 00:36:03,400 the zapad exercise program is a proof of concept, 517 00:36:03,440 --> 00:36:06,920 and the concept they’re proving is 518 00:36:06,960 --> 00:36:11,400 that the Soviet army can survive 519 00:36:11,440 --> 00:36:17,440 an American nuclear attack and then command and coordinate a response. 520 00:36:21,400 --> 00:36:23,400 (Speaks foreign language) 521 00:36:58,800 --> 00:36:59,999 Zapad-81 may have been presented 522 00:37:00,000 --> 00:37:01,920 zapad-81 may have been presented 523 00:37:01,960 --> 00:37:04,800 as a carefully orchestrated training exercise, 524 00:37:05,760 --> 00:37:09,760 but the west continued to observe with deep suspicion. 525 00:37:10,760 --> 00:37:13,040 This was an era when one false move 526 00:37:13,080 --> 00:37:15,680 could have unleashed nuclear armageddon. 527 00:37:16,920 --> 00:37:22,800 There was great uncertainty about what was going to happen next. 528 00:37:22,840 --> 00:37:26,240 Everyone in the west is acutely aware 529 00:37:26,280 --> 00:37:33,240 that this could be cover for world war III. 530 00:37:35,040 --> 00:37:36,880 (Speaks foreign language) 531 00:38:04,760 --> 00:38:09,240 All the west could do was watch and wait as the drama unfolded. 532 00:38:10,240 --> 00:38:13,240 The Soviets filmed the entire production, 533 00:38:13,280 --> 00:38:16,080 running it like the set of a Hollywood movie. 534 00:38:16,120 --> 00:38:20,280 Only here, the missiles were all real. 535 00:38:23,920 --> 00:38:25,960 (Speaks foreign language) 536 00:38:49,160 --> 00:38:53,400 News of the exercises quickly spread around the world. 537 00:38:55,400 --> 00:38:57,040 (Speaks foreign language) 538 00:39:10,560 --> 00:39:15,280 It was theatre. It was national security theatre. 539 00:39:17,840 --> 00:39:23,160 The Soviet army had a lot of amphibious armoured vehicles, 540 00:39:23,200 --> 00:39:25,960 and the problem is that the armoured vehicles 541 00:39:26,000 --> 00:39:30,680 could not cross rivers very well, so what they did was they built 542 00:39:30,720 --> 00:39:36,360 concrete lanes across the bottoms of the rivers just for this exercise. 543 00:39:36,400 --> 00:39:40,080 It was a demonstration to the rest of the world 544 00:39:40,120 --> 00:39:43,200 that the Soviets had the numbers and the will 545 00:39:43,240 --> 00:39:46,440 to overrun Europe if they so wished. 546 00:39:49,800 --> 00:39:52,560 But western leaders were not the only ones spooked 547 00:39:52,600 --> 00:39:56,640 by this massive display of Soviet strength. 548 00:39:56,680 --> 00:39:59,400 The intimidation tactics were also intended 549 00:39:59,440 --> 00:40:00,000 to send a very powerful message to Poland's dissenting population. 550 00:40:00,001 --> 00:40:03,520 To send a very powerful message to Poland's dissenting population. 551 00:40:05,440 --> 00:40:07,960 One of the reasons to look really good 552 00:40:08,000 --> 00:40:14,960 is that this is meant to make clear to the Polish government 553 00:40:15,000 --> 00:40:19,200 that the Soviet army is ready to invade Poland 554 00:40:19,240 --> 00:40:24,200 and there will be nothing that the Polish government can do about it. 555 00:40:24,240 --> 00:40:27,840 That is very clearly intended here. 556 00:40:28,480 --> 00:40:32,720 The exercises at dretun played out for eight consecutive days 557 00:40:32,760 --> 00:40:37,560 and are said to have involved up to 150,000 troops. 558 00:40:39,120 --> 00:40:41,880 In Poland, the Soviets didn't have to mount 559 00:40:41,920 --> 00:40:46,880 a military incursion to put down anti-Soviet demonstrations 560 00:40:46,920 --> 00:40:49,840 in the way they had done in czechoslovakia in ’68, 561 00:40:49,880 --> 00:40:53,080 so you could say that the show of force was a big success 562 00:40:53,120 --> 00:40:54,600 from the Soviet perspective. 563 00:40:55,520 --> 00:40:59,040 And much to the relief of nervous NATO forces, 564 00:40:59,080 --> 00:41:00,000 on the 12th of September, 1981, 565 00:41:00,001 --> 00:41:02,200 on the 12th of September, 1981, 566 00:41:02,240 --> 00:41:05,840 the Soviet military simply packed up and headed home. 567 00:41:09,320 --> 00:41:11,720 The dretun training fields 568 00:41:11,760 --> 00:41:15,760 would never again host military manoeuvres of such magnitude. 569 00:41:19,040 --> 00:41:20,760 (Speaks foreign language) 570 00:41:28,480 --> 00:41:32,320 There have been many exercises in the following decades, 571 00:41:32,360 --> 00:41:35,360 but none that could quite match this one 572 00:41:35,400 --> 00:41:38,840 in terms of the scale and global attention. 573 00:41:44,200 --> 00:41:50,120 Today, the war games at dretun are over, but danger still remains. 574 00:41:50,160 --> 00:41:52,360 (Speaks foreign language) 575 00:42:05,640 --> 00:42:10,920 For soldiers like yuriy, the cold war cast a long shadow, 576 00:42:10,960 --> 00:42:13,880 and although full-scale war never erupted, 577 00:42:13,920 --> 00:42:18,680 the events of west-81 had a lasting impact. 578 00:42:34,240 --> 00:42:37,239 Captioned by ai-media ai-media. TV 49926

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