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Tom ward (narrates): A
Florida ruin built on a dream
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to reach the stars.
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The challenge was astronomical.
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We were planning
to visit another body
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in our solar system.
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An Indonesian community
shattered by an unseen force.
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Today this place is a
wasteland of rubble,
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debris, and earth.
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A Bulgarian structure that
concealed an ulterior motive.
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This place was hiding
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ambitious plans from
the rest of the world.
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And an entertainment
paradise in the mediterranean
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that was years
ahead of its time.
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This place was once the
life and soul of the party,
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00:00:49,400 --> 00:00:51,760
but the music would
soon come to an end.
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Decaying relics,
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ruins of lost worlds,
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ruins of lost worlds,
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sites haunted by the past,
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their secrets waiting
to be revealed.
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Deep in the Florida
everglades is an industrial ruin
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that competed in the greatest
race human kind has ever witnessed.
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These are normally built
in the middle of nowhere
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to keep them a secret,
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but here the land is so flat
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it is hardly under the radar.
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As you get closer,
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you can see these buildings have
been abandoned for a long time.
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The roofs are mostly missing,
there's debris everywhere.
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Where once high-tech equipment
filled the cavernous spaces,
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where once high-tech equipment
filled the cavernous spaces,
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today only ruins remain.
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Inside some of the buildings
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are little more than
empty warehouses
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with walls made
of corrugated metal.
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And in one section,
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you see an enormous circle
sealed in concrete in the floor,
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it seems to be hiding
something important.
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Beside the buildings
is a long canal,
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it's not clear what
this is used for,
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but presumably,
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it's connected to the
buildings in some way.
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What links this overgrown
waterway to the industrial remnants?
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And what role did they play
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in one of america's
greatest triumphs?
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I first found this place
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just digging into different types
of historical places in Miami.
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This was an urban legend
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that I'd heard of many
times throughout my life here
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and I decided to do a
little bit of research on it.
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Carolina florez first
visited this location in 2020
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after learning about
the secrets held inside.
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It's definitely got an
aura of mystery to it,
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especially because it's not really a
place where you're supposed to go.
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It looks like they had
to just pack up and leave
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and didn't have time
to take anything out.
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The ceilings are falling,
there's water everywhere.
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The rangers of the everglades
do not venture in this area,
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so, if you get lost, if
something happens to you,
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you're on your own.
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For Carolina, the risk
is worth the reward.
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For Carolina, the risk
is worth the reward.
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This site is incredibly
important to world history
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and most people don't
even know that it's here.
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Its story begins
in the early '60s,
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a time when america was
striving to reach the final frontier.
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We choose to go to
the moon in this decade
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and do the other things,
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not because they are easy
but because they are hard.
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The challenge was
astronomical, literally astronomical,
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we were planning to have
human beings leave our planet
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and visit another body
in our solar system.
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But at this time in 1962,
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the us space program
was in its infancy,
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we'd only launched four
people into space at this point
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for relatively short
duration flights
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in the Mercury capsule
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that only held a
single astronaut.
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That only held a
single astronaut.
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00:05:03,840 --> 00:05:06,920
If they were going to send
three astronauts, a lunar lander
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and a return module to the moon,
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they were going to need
a bigger rocket than ever.
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Kennedy identified
one of the ways
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the monumental feat
could be achieved,
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the simultaneous
development of liquid
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and solid fuel motors
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to see which was
best for the job in hand.
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He didn't have any idea
whether this was really possible,
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the people at NASA didn't
know if it was possible,
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it involved technologies
that hadn't been built yet.
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(Explosion)
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California based weapons maker
aerojet took up the challenge,
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and in 1963
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the company were
awarded a $3 million contract
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to develop solid
fuel rocket motors.
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So, they started
looking for a location
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to build their rocket engine
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that was close
to cape canaveral,
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at the same time
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at the same time
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the town of homestead was
looking to bring some developments
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to its area.
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So, aerojet and homestead
came to an agreement
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that aerojet would build a
massive industrial facility
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out in the swamps
of the everglades,
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far enough away from the city
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so that no-one would be
hurt if something blew up.
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Within a year,
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the aerojet dade rocket
development facility
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was a hot bed of activity.
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The company's greatest minds
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focussed on creating
the biggest solid fuel motor
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the world had ever seen.
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The solid rocket fuel
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in comparison to
the liquid rocket fuel
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was a lot more powerful
and had a lot more thrust,
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it was very volatile.
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These chemicals are
incredibly hazardous
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and dangerous to work with.
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Solid rockets are
like big fireworks,
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solid rockets are
like big fireworks,
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you make this cake
of explosive chemicals
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00:07:04,960 --> 00:07:08,000
and then you light
the end of it, and boom,
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00:07:08,040 --> 00:07:10,240
you get tonnes
of thrust out of it.
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00:07:12,160 --> 00:07:15,000
This thrust was the key
to reaching the moon.
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00:07:16,080 --> 00:07:17,200
To break completely free
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00:07:17,240 --> 00:07:19,216
from the gravitational
pull of the earth
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00:07:19,240 --> 00:07:20,920
and then sail on to the moon,
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00:07:20,960 --> 00:07:25,680
you need a rocket that can travel
about 25,000, 26,000mi per hour
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00:07:25,720 --> 00:07:29,880
and do it while carrying a
load of about 90,000 pounds.
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00:07:29,920 --> 00:07:33,240
This looks to be one of the
labs for the aerojet facility,
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this could have been a
white board that they used,
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00:07:36,440 --> 00:07:38,776
but they've got the very
typical fluorescent lights
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00:07:38,800 --> 00:07:40,640
that they need for a laboratory,
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00:07:40,680 --> 00:07:43,120
so, this area was
obviously very important.
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00:07:44,960 --> 00:07:46,840
But aerojet had a problem,
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00:07:46,880 --> 00:07:50,720
the rocket booster they
were planning to build
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was going to be 150ft long,
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00:07:53,640 --> 00:07:57,560
packed full of rocket
fuel and extremely heavy,
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00:07:57,600 --> 00:07:59,999
there was no way you could
put that on a railcar or a truck.
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00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:02,761
There was no way you could
put that on a railcar or a truck.
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00:08:04,400 --> 00:08:08,320
Aerojet needed to find another
way to get its giant rocket motor
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00:08:08,360 --> 00:08:10,840
to the cape canaveral
shuttle launch site.
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00:08:14,120 --> 00:08:16,520
So, the plan was to
transport it by barge,
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00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:19,840
so, they dug a canal over
15mi long to the coast.
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00:08:22,040 --> 00:08:24,680
When it was built, there
was a lot of controversy,
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when a canal is dug
in the everglades,
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it completely cuts
off the water flow
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00:08:28,840 --> 00:08:32,080
since the everglades is
essentially a slow moving river.
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That canal runs from...
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Deep in the everglades,
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00:08:39,039 --> 00:08:44,600
a river of freshwater that
supports a unique ecosystem.
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The canal drains a
good deal of that water
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off to the east, out in
to the Atlantic ocean
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when in fact that water is
needed to replenish and supply
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00:08:55,920 --> 00:08:58,280
the southern portion
of the everglades.
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And so it's really bad
for the environment,
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00:09:00,001 --> 00:09:01,336
and so it's really bad
for the environment,
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00:09:01,360 --> 00:09:02,936
despite that, they
decided to go ahead
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00:09:02,960 --> 00:09:04,040
and build the canal.
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Now, the race was on for
aerojet to prove its design,
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00:09:09,480 --> 00:09:13,600
the aj260, was ready
to take man to the moon.
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The question is
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00:09:16,080 --> 00:09:19,760
did the biggest solid rocket
fuelled engine ever built
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00:09:19,800 --> 00:09:21,920
have any chance
of actually working?
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00:09:23,600 --> 00:09:25,760
One of their key needs
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00:09:25,800 --> 00:09:29,840
is to have a way to
test this giant rocket,
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00:09:29,880 --> 00:09:32,440
but this rocket's
going to be so powerful
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00:09:32,480 --> 00:09:35,920
you can't just put it
in a stand and light it,
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00:09:35,960 --> 00:09:39,520
it would probably break through
any kind of restraint system
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you designed.
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00:09:42,120 --> 00:09:43,840
So, the way they
tested the engine
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was by putting it in
a hole in the ground.
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00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:51,320
Measuring 150ft
from top to bottom,
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it was one of the deepest silos
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00:09:53,200 --> 00:09:55,560
ever excavated in
the state of Florida.
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So, directly below
us is the drop
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00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:01,216
so, directly below
us is the drop
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00:10:01,240 --> 00:10:05,040
where the rocket is not
even 10ft away from us.
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00:10:05,080 --> 00:10:07,800
It looks like about
half of the hole
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00:10:07,840 --> 00:10:11,240
is submerged in water,
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00:10:11,280 --> 00:10:14,600
but you can still see
the top half of the rocket
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00:10:14,640 --> 00:10:16,640
to the right.
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00:10:16,680 --> 00:10:19,960
They tested the rocket
in this location three times
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00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:22,656
and the way that they did it was
that they turned it upside down
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00:10:22,680 --> 00:10:24,120
so, that the nozzle
was pointing up.
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00:10:26,640 --> 00:10:30,280
And then they could ignite
it and test it without worrying
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00:10:30,320 --> 00:10:32,680
that it was going to
fly off somewhere.
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00:10:34,920 --> 00:10:38,160
Each time it must have
been an amazing sight to see,
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00:10:38,200 --> 00:10:42,600
the tower of flames shooting up
out of the middle of the everglades
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was something you could
see from miles and miles away.
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00:10:46,560 --> 00:10:49,760
The early tests were
a resounding success
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00:10:49,800 --> 00:10:51,856
and the team at
aerojet were confident
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00:10:51,880 --> 00:10:54,280
their launch vehicle
was fit for purpose.
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00:10:56,320 --> 00:10:58,160
Aerojet was
making great strides,
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00:10:58,200 --> 00:10:59,600
building and testing
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00:10:59,640 --> 00:11:00,000
the monolithic solid
fuel rocket NASA wanted.
198
00:11:00,001 --> 00:11:05,000
The monolithic solid
fuel rocket NASA wanted.
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00:11:05,040 --> 00:11:09,240
And the rocket seemed
to perform as predicted.
200
00:11:09,280 --> 00:11:10,880
So, you have all these engineers
201
00:11:10,920 --> 00:11:13,016
and scientists
high-fiving each other,
202
00:11:13,040 --> 00:11:15,520
they're excited,
"we did it, we did it."
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00:11:15,560 --> 00:11:17,800
But then in 1967,
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00:11:17,840 --> 00:11:20,200
NASA changed course.
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00:11:20,240 --> 00:11:22,960
NASA decides to ditch
solid rocket engines
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00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:26,560
and there are a million and one
technical reasons why that was,
207
00:11:26,600 --> 00:11:30,800
but essentially a solid rocket
just wasn't the right choice.
208
00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:32,400
The final rocket
209
00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:37,360
which became known as the
saturn 5 used exclusively liquid fuel.
210
00:11:41,640 --> 00:11:45,120
Just six years after
work at the facility began,
211
00:11:45,160 --> 00:11:47,480
aerojet's funding was withdrawn
212
00:11:47,520 --> 00:11:50,240
and the pioneering
project was mothballed.
213
00:11:52,800 --> 00:11:55,280
So, although it was
a lot more powerful
214
00:11:55,320 --> 00:11:58,120
to use solid fuel, liquid fuel
215
00:11:58,160 --> 00:11:59,960
just became more controllable
216
00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:03,920
and they shut this
entire place down.
217
00:12:03,960 --> 00:12:04,960
It was useless.
218
00:12:06,320 --> 00:12:09,200
A lot of the things were removed
from the factory when it closed,
219
00:12:09,240 --> 00:12:12,960
but there is one thing that
remains, the aj260 itself.
220
00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:17,040
It's buried under a concrete
slab never to be seen again.
221
00:12:23,920 --> 00:12:25,760
One of the ironies of this story
222
00:12:25,800 --> 00:12:28,840
is that when NASA
was looking for a way
223
00:12:28,880 --> 00:12:31,680
to replace the giant saturn 5
224
00:12:31,720 --> 00:12:35,040
with a more affordable,
reusable system
225
00:12:35,080 --> 00:12:40,480
they returned to the idea
of using solid fuel rockets.
226
00:12:41,640 --> 00:12:45,840
The ground-breaking work
carried out here wasn't wasted.
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00:12:45,880 --> 00:12:48,400
The technology developed
during those years
228
00:12:48,440 --> 00:12:52,200
was used in the solid fuel boosters
of NASA's new space shuttle.
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00:12:53,640 --> 00:12:55,856
If you remember those
iconic pictures of the shuttle,
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00:12:55,880 --> 00:12:59,999
the two long tubes on either
side were two solid fuel boosters.
231
00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:02,840
The two long tubes on either
side were two solid fuel boosters.
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00:13:03,520 --> 00:13:05,360
The feats, the achievements
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00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:07,336
that took place in the
American space program
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00:13:07,360 --> 00:13:08,600
at that time
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00:13:08,640 --> 00:13:13,440
is really a testament to human
ingenuity and imagination.
236
00:13:13,480 --> 00:13:16,920
I mean, to boldly go where
no man had gone before
237
00:13:16,960 --> 00:13:18,480
was their literal mission.
238
00:13:24,080 --> 00:13:27,360
On the Indonesian
island of sulawesi,
239
00:13:27,400 --> 00:13:31,000
a gentle sea laps the
coastline of palu city.
240
00:13:38,960 --> 00:13:41,360
There's this beautiful mosque
241
00:13:41,400 --> 00:13:44,280
that kind of sits right
on the water line.
242
00:13:46,160 --> 00:13:48,880
But inside things
soon turn ugly.
243
00:13:50,640 --> 00:13:55,120
The walls are mainly beige
and tarnished by sea water.
244
00:13:56,200 --> 00:13:59,720
All along the coast
are signs of destruction.
245
00:13:59,760 --> 00:14:00,000
You can see either side of
the river that there used to be
246
00:14:00,001 --> 00:14:02,760
you can see either side of
the river that there used to be
247
00:14:02,800 --> 00:14:04,160
a massive bridge here.
248
00:14:06,600 --> 00:14:11,040
And two miles inland is a
scene of complete devastation.
249
00:14:13,480 --> 00:14:14,480
To this day,
250
00:14:14,520 --> 00:14:17,160
scientists are still
trying to uncover
251
00:14:17,200 --> 00:14:18,280
what happened here.
252
00:14:20,760 --> 00:14:25,160
The obliteration of these
sites appear to be linked,
253
00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:26,240
but how?
254
00:14:35,800 --> 00:14:39,920
Like many residents, writer
and researcher neni muhidin
255
00:14:39,960 --> 00:14:42,400
understands the
importance of his hometown's
256
00:14:42,440 --> 00:14:43,960
most distinctive mosque.
257
00:14:48,960 --> 00:14:51,960
(Speaks foreign language)
258
00:14:59,360 --> 00:15:00,896
The idea of a mosque
the idea of a mosque
259
00:15:00,920 --> 00:15:04,840
that seems to be levitating
above the water was very poignant
260
00:15:04,880 --> 00:15:06,640
and beautiful for
a lot of people.
261
00:15:08,040 --> 00:15:11,480
On 28 September 2018,
262
00:15:11,520 --> 00:15:14,760
worshippers gathered
in the mosque as usual.
263
00:15:14,800 --> 00:15:16,976
And the surrounding
beaches were full of people
264
00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:19,360
preparing for an
annual music festival.
265
00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:21,560
At the floating mosque,
266
00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:24,320
the (indistinct) Was
about to call for prayer.
267
00:15:27,400 --> 00:15:30,400
(Speaks foreign language)
268
00:15:37,760 --> 00:15:40,320
Without warning,
disaster struck.
269
00:15:41,680 --> 00:15:47,080
Suddenly around 6:00pm
about 48mi north of palu city,
270
00:15:47,120 --> 00:15:51,120
there was an earthquake
of 7.5 magnitude.
271
00:15:51,160 --> 00:15:54,160
(Speaks foreign language)
272
00:16:07,560 --> 00:16:09,840
Indonesia lies in
one of the most
273
00:16:09,880 --> 00:16:12,920
geologically active
regions on earth,
274
00:16:12,960 --> 00:16:15,040
the ring of fire
275
00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:19,480
and palu city sits
between two major faults.
276
00:16:20,960 --> 00:16:23,960
(Speaks foreign language)
277
00:16:36,240 --> 00:16:37,800
Neni watched in horror
278
00:16:37,840 --> 00:16:41,280
as the powerful quake
destroyed his city's infrastructure.
279
00:16:48,560 --> 00:16:51,560
(Speaks foreign language)
280
00:17:05,839 --> 00:17:10,640
The earthquake caused great
damage right across palu city.
281
00:17:10,680 --> 00:17:13,096
But the devastation
of the floating mosque
282
00:17:13,120 --> 00:17:15,480
was caused by
something far more deadly.
283
00:17:19,160 --> 00:17:22,200
About eight minutes later,
284
00:17:22,240 --> 00:17:25,920
a Tsunami came
roaring up the inlet.
285
00:17:37,560 --> 00:17:40,560
The earthquakes are believed
to have caused a landslide
286
00:17:40,600 --> 00:17:41,640
under the sea.
287
00:17:42,880 --> 00:17:45,960
Sending a Tsunami
thundering towards land.
288
00:17:50,520 --> 00:17:53,520
(Speaks foreign language)
289
00:18:02,360 --> 00:18:03,360
When it hit the coast,
290
00:18:03,400 --> 00:18:07,680
the Tsunami was
travelling at 250mi an hour.
291
00:18:09,440 --> 00:18:12,440
(Speaks foreign language)
292
00:18:17,400 --> 00:18:21,240
There were actually people
praying in the mosque when it hit.
293
00:18:21,280 --> 00:18:23,736
The mosque was lifted
from its pillar supports
294
00:18:23,760 --> 00:18:25,760
and crashed in upon itself.
295
00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:28,600
The people who
were in it were washed,
296
00:18:28,640 --> 00:18:30,200
some of them out to sea.
297
00:18:31,640 --> 00:18:33,840
But it wasn't just
one Tsunami wave,
298
00:18:33,880 --> 00:18:36,040
it was a series of them
299
00:18:36,080 --> 00:18:39,120
and you can only imagine
how terrifying it must have been.
300
00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:47,880
(Speaks foreign language)
301
00:18:52,240 --> 00:18:54,640
The beaches were
teaming with people
302
00:18:54,680 --> 00:18:57,560
and hundreds lost their
lives to the killer waves.
303
00:18:58,720 --> 00:18:59,999
When neni headed inland,
304
00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:00,520
when neni headed inland,
305
00:19:00,560 --> 00:19:03,280
he discovered that the
horror was far from over.
306
00:19:06,120 --> 00:19:08,040
The neighbourhood of balaroa
307
00:19:08,080 --> 00:19:10,840
which was way beyond
the reach of the Tsunami
308
00:19:10,880 --> 00:19:13,240
had suffered an even worse fate.
309
00:19:17,600 --> 00:19:20,600
(Speaks foreign language)
310
00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:46,280
Throughout the night,
311
00:19:46,320 --> 00:19:50,240
a series of relentless mud
flows had engulfed balaroa.
312
00:19:53,120 --> 00:19:55,080
In the harsh light of day,
313
00:19:55,120 --> 00:19:57,640
the destruction was
clear for all to see.
314
00:19:59,080 --> 00:20:00,000
(Speaks foreign language)
315
00:20:00,001 --> 00:20:02,080
(Speaks foreign language)
316
00:20:35,920 --> 00:20:39,880
But as balaroa lay far
from the deadly flood waters,
317
00:20:39,920 --> 00:20:44,600
many struggled to understand
why it had been engulfed.
318
00:20:44,640 --> 00:20:47,640
(Speaks foreign language)
319
00:20:54,680 --> 00:20:59,160
Balaroa was built in the
1980s on top of a swamp.
320
00:21:00,680 --> 00:21:04,720
But was it really safe
to build a residential area
321
00:21:04,760 --> 00:21:05,840
on a swamp?
322
00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:09,440
There were many people
who had their doubts.
323
00:21:11,160 --> 00:21:13,680
The concerns proved
chillingly accurate
324
00:21:13,720 --> 00:21:16,160
when the 2018 earthquake struck.
325
00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:19,520
When the waves of...
326
00:21:20,600 --> 00:21:22,816
An earthquake hit
that kind of ground,
327
00:21:22,840 --> 00:21:25,440
it forces water
up into the soil.
328
00:21:26,560 --> 00:21:30,400
This makes the particles in the
soil lose contact with each other,
329
00:21:30,440 --> 00:21:35,360
so soil which is solid
loses those characteristics
330
00:21:35,400 --> 00:21:38,000
and gains those of a liquid.
331
00:21:38,040 --> 00:21:39,960
Essentially it flows.
332
00:21:41,360 --> 00:21:43,960
This process
known as liquefaction
333
00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:45,840
created the mud flows
334
00:21:45,880 --> 00:21:47,680
that had submerged balaroa.
335
00:21:49,680 --> 00:21:52,200
More than 1,700 homes
336
00:21:52,240 --> 00:21:55,360
and at least 600 lives
were lost that night.
337
00:21:56,720 --> 00:21:59,760
Entire houses,
livestock, and vehicles
338
00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:00,000
were swallowed by debris
339
00:22:00,001 --> 00:22:01,520
were swallowed by debris
340
00:22:01,560 --> 00:22:04,440
and churned up with
soil and sediment.
341
00:22:04,480 --> 00:22:08,920
And the mosque itself
was moved over 250m
342
00:22:08,960 --> 00:22:11,320
from its original spot.
343
00:22:11,360 --> 00:22:14,360
(Speaks foreign language)
344
00:22:24,120 --> 00:22:27,240
The survivors tried to make
sense of what had happened.
345
00:22:29,920 --> 00:22:32,920
(Speaks foreign language)
346
00:22:58,160 --> 00:22:59,999
Today much of the devastation
in palu city has not been repaired.
347
00:23:00,000 --> 00:23:02,920
Today much of the devastation
in palu city has not been repaired.
348
00:23:04,680 --> 00:23:06,280
You can still see the scars
349
00:23:06,320 --> 00:23:08,576
of this disaster
throughout the city,
350
00:23:08,600 --> 00:23:11,840
the residents have asked
for it to be kept this way.
351
00:23:14,040 --> 00:23:17,040
(Speaks foreign language)
352
00:23:31,760 --> 00:23:34,040
On Spain's balearic isles
353
00:23:34,080 --> 00:23:36,480
are the remains
of an ibizan legend.
354
00:23:43,600 --> 00:23:45,360
Breaking through the tree line,
355
00:23:45,400 --> 00:23:48,920
you see a very odd
structure dug into the hillside.
356
00:23:50,360 --> 00:23:52,240
There's this big amphitheatre
357
00:23:52,280 --> 00:23:55,560
and other outdoor spaces
that look like they're set up
358
00:23:55,600 --> 00:23:57,360
for certain kinds
of performances.
359
00:23:58,480 --> 00:23:59,999
Clearly this site has been
abandoned for some time.
360
00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:02,600
Clearly this site has been
abandoned for some time.
361
00:24:03,280 --> 00:24:06,480
Pooling water on the floors,
wires hanging from the ceiling,
362
00:24:06,520 --> 00:24:08,880
chunks of concrete
littering the rooms,
363
00:24:08,920 --> 00:24:10,760
this place looks broken.
364
00:24:10,800 --> 00:24:12,976
As you peer out of what
used to be a doorway,
365
00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:15,760
there's this pile
of burnt out cars.
366
00:24:17,480 --> 00:24:21,200
On the artwork covered walls
are some tantalising clues.
367
00:24:23,040 --> 00:24:24,136
A lot of people have come here
368
00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:28,840
specifically to make some
kind of creative expression.
369
00:24:28,880 --> 00:24:33,320
Some of it very almost
trippy and mystical.
370
00:24:34,600 --> 00:24:37,840
The graffiti on the steps
say, "don't stop the music."
371
00:24:39,040 --> 00:24:43,400
These defaced ruins are
part of the story of how Ibiza
372
00:24:43,440 --> 00:24:46,320
became the party
capital of the world.
373
00:24:53,520 --> 00:24:55,000
In the 1960s,
374
00:24:55,040 --> 00:24:59,120
this area like much of the
island was rural and quiet.
375
00:25:00,760 --> 00:25:03,680
Vicente mari tur grew
up less than a mile away.
376
00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:08,840
(Speaks foreign language)
377
00:25:16,600 --> 00:25:19,200
In 1969, when
construction began,
378
00:25:19,240 --> 00:25:22,080
the owners had to
bring everything in
379
00:25:22,120 --> 00:25:24,400
from the power to
the water supply.
380
00:25:25,600 --> 00:25:28,360
They even had to build
the road to get there.
381
00:25:30,440 --> 00:25:33,080
This is festival club.
382
00:25:37,680 --> 00:25:39,736
This place is one of
the first on the island
383
00:25:39,760 --> 00:25:44,120
to put together the concept of
a large multi-purpose nightclub.
384
00:25:45,240 --> 00:25:51,040
The festival club was meant to be
a kind of 360 entertainment zone,
385
00:25:51,080 --> 00:25:53,240
not unlike a Disney world
386
00:25:53,280 --> 00:25:56,120
or a combination
of a music venue
387
00:25:56,160 --> 00:25:58,760
and an amusement
park and a cultural centre.
388
00:26:00,480 --> 00:26:03,640
Its doors opened in 1972.
389
00:26:03,680 --> 00:26:06,880
Vicente remembers the
first time he came here.
390
00:26:06,920 --> 00:26:09,920
(Speaks foreign language)
391
00:26:29,560 --> 00:26:32,320
Drinks were not
the only attraction,
392
00:26:32,360 --> 00:26:36,000
live music was central
to the experience.
393
00:26:36,040 --> 00:26:39,040
(Speaks foreign language)
394
00:26:54,240 --> 00:26:57,440
The main stage would have
acts ranging from magicians,
395
00:26:57,480 --> 00:26:59,680
orchestras playing Spanish music
396
00:26:59,720 --> 00:27:00,000
and covers of famous
songs from the time.
397
00:27:00,001 --> 00:27:03,120
And covers of famous
songs from the time.
398
00:27:03,160 --> 00:27:06,840
Apparently 'Delilah' by Tom
Jones was a big hit here.
399
00:27:08,200 --> 00:27:09,240
And of course
400
00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:11,376
there was the night
time attraction of the,
401
00:27:11,400 --> 00:27:12,520
the grand discotheque.
402
00:27:13,960 --> 00:27:15,520
Guests were also drawn
403
00:27:15,560 --> 00:27:19,120
to a very Spanish
form of entertainment.
404
00:27:19,160 --> 00:27:22,320
This strange circular
structure, it wasn't a stage.
405
00:27:22,360 --> 00:27:23,560
It was actually a ring
406
00:27:23,600 --> 00:27:25,920
where they used
to put on bullfights.
407
00:27:26,880 --> 00:27:30,320
They didn't actually
stage true bullfights,
408
00:27:30,360 --> 00:27:33,000
but they did demonstrations
of what bullfighting
409
00:27:33,040 --> 00:27:36,280
was like with young, not
particularly dangerous bulls,
410
00:27:36,320 --> 00:27:38,616
so people got a
taste of bullfighting
411
00:27:38,640 --> 00:27:41,920
maybe the way someone in the
us might go to a wild west town
412
00:27:41,960 --> 00:27:44,080
and see a staged gunfight.
413
00:27:44,120 --> 00:27:47,800
But, you know, no animals or
people were harmed in the production.
414
00:27:49,120 --> 00:27:50,560
With everything on offer,
415
00:27:50,600 --> 00:27:53,480
the club represented
a massive investment,
416
00:27:53,520 --> 00:27:55,960
especially for the early 1970s.
417
00:27:57,120 --> 00:27:59,999
Today we're so used to hotel
resorts and entertainment complexes,
418
00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:01,416
today we're so used to hotel
resorts and entertainment complexes,
419
00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:04,360
but back then this would
have seemed quite massive.
420
00:28:04,400 --> 00:28:09,280
They really needed to have
a few good seasons in a row
421
00:28:09,320 --> 00:28:11,680
in order to get this
thing in the black.
422
00:28:12,880 --> 00:28:14,480
The business model was based
423
00:28:14,520 --> 00:28:18,040
on a supposedly
guaranteed source of revenue
424
00:28:18,080 --> 00:28:21,920
provided by a revolution
in international travel.
425
00:28:21,960 --> 00:28:25,320
The package holiday was
bursting on to the scene
426
00:28:25,360 --> 00:28:28,400
with all your flights,
accommodation, and entertainment
427
00:28:28,440 --> 00:28:30,680
all rolled in to one price.
428
00:28:32,440 --> 00:28:35,080
Travellers would
just pay an agency
429
00:28:35,120 --> 00:28:38,520
that would put them on a
plane, then put them on a bus
430
00:28:38,560 --> 00:28:41,480
and large busloads of people
431
00:28:41,520 --> 00:28:43,960
were expected to be
rolling up to the gates
432
00:28:44,000 --> 00:28:45,440
of the festival club
433
00:28:45,480 --> 00:28:47,760
as part of these package tours.
434
00:28:49,120 --> 00:28:51,440
But an evening
here was a far cry
435
00:28:51,480 --> 00:28:55,440
from partying in one
of Ibiza's modern clubs.
436
00:28:55,480 --> 00:28:58,480
(Speaks foreign language)
437
00:29:19,400 --> 00:29:22,160
And the guests were
expected to behave accordingly.
438
00:29:23,640 --> 00:29:25,440
This is the waning days
439
00:29:25,480 --> 00:29:30,120
of the generalissimo
Franco dictatorship.
440
00:29:30,160 --> 00:29:33,480
It was a very conservative country
both politically and religiously,
441
00:29:33,520 --> 00:29:35,560
very catholic country.
442
00:29:35,600 --> 00:29:39,160
So much so, a bishop
even opened the club.
443
00:29:39,200 --> 00:29:42,200
(Speaks foreign language)
444
00:30:07,960 --> 00:30:11,760
Despite occasionally
offending local sensibilities,
445
00:30:11,800 --> 00:30:14,136
the club continued
to attract visitors
446
00:30:14,160 --> 00:30:15,200
from around the world.
447
00:30:16,560 --> 00:30:21,040
But only one year after
it opened, tragedy struck.
448
00:30:21,080 --> 00:30:25,200
Events thousands of miles away
would spell the end of the party
449
00:30:25,240 --> 00:30:27,280
at the festival club.
450
00:30:27,320 --> 00:30:29,480
In 1973, opek,
451
00:30:29,520 --> 00:30:33,680
a group of oil producing
states decided to protest
452
00:30:33,720 --> 00:30:35,896
the way various
countries around the world
453
00:30:35,920 --> 00:30:40,880
were dealing with Israel
by embargoing their oil.
454
00:30:42,400 --> 00:30:43,680
All those tour operators
455
00:30:43,720 --> 00:30:47,120
who'd made huge profits
bringing tourists to the island
456
00:30:47,160 --> 00:30:49,560
found themselves
facing higher costs
457
00:30:49,600 --> 00:30:52,280
and they passed those
costs on to their customers.
458
00:30:54,280 --> 00:30:55,280
As a result,
459
00:30:55,320 --> 00:30:58,960
50,000 fewer tourists
made the trip to Ibiza.
460
00:31:00,840 --> 00:31:02,920
Faced with a lack of visitors,
461
00:31:02,960 --> 00:31:06,920
the owners just couldn't
afford to keep the lights on,
462
00:31:06,960 --> 00:31:10,480
and the festival club
closed its doors in 1974.
463
00:31:15,320 --> 00:31:17,800
After the recovery
from the oil crisis,
464
00:31:17,840 --> 00:31:21,040
tourist numbers in
Ibiza sky-rocketed
465
00:31:21,080 --> 00:31:24,640
and they've pretty much
increased year on year ever since.
466
00:31:25,960 --> 00:31:28,960
(Speaks foreign language)
467
00:31:50,800 --> 00:31:53,880
Despite being
abandoned in the 1970s,
468
00:31:53,920 --> 00:31:56,680
that wasn't the end of the
music at the festival club.
469
00:31:59,920 --> 00:32:00,000
As the rave scene came to
the fore in the '80s and '90s,
470
00:32:00,001 --> 00:32:03,080
as the rave scene came to
the fore in the '80s and '90s,
471
00:32:03,120 --> 00:32:06,320
the ruined club became
the perfect location
472
00:32:06,360 --> 00:32:07,720
for illegal raves.
473
00:32:08,840 --> 00:32:11,840
Hundreds of people would
descend on to the dance-floor
474
00:32:11,880 --> 00:32:13,800
with huge sound systems
475
00:32:13,840 --> 00:32:16,320
and the DJs would
set up on the old stage
476
00:32:16,360 --> 00:32:18,680
and party deep into the night.
477
00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:23,280
When the authorities put
an end to the illegal raves,
478
00:32:23,320 --> 00:32:27,680
the ruined buildings became
a mecca for graffiti artists.
479
00:32:27,720 --> 00:32:33,240
For Vicente though there is
beauty in the deserted festival club.
480
00:32:33,280 --> 00:32:36,280
(Speaks foreign language)
481
00:32:55,920 --> 00:32:59,640
In the Bulgarian
seaside resort of sozopol,
482
00:32:59,680 --> 00:33:00,000
is an island of ghostly ruins
which are impossible to ignore.
483
00:33:00,001 --> 00:33:03,720
Is an island of ghostly ruins
which are impossible to ignore.
484
00:33:10,040 --> 00:33:13,280
From the town, you can't
help but be captivated
485
00:33:13,320 --> 00:33:17,120
by the imposing structures
standing on Saint kirik.
486
00:33:18,800 --> 00:33:22,840
A man-made breakwater
connects the island to the town,
487
00:33:22,880 --> 00:33:26,240
but public access
is strictly forbidden.
488
00:33:26,280 --> 00:33:28,920
The main building used
to be beautiful and grand,
489
00:33:28,960 --> 00:33:31,880
but now it's decaying
and full of weeds.
490
00:33:33,800 --> 00:33:36,920
At first glance, it
looks like an embassy
491
00:33:36,960 --> 00:33:39,280
or a government
building of some sort.
492
00:33:40,200 --> 00:33:42,080
You definitely
get the sense that
493
00:33:42,120 --> 00:33:45,000
at one time something
vital was happening here.
494
00:33:46,360 --> 00:33:51,440
The depths of this
ruin is a crumbling room
495
00:33:51,480 --> 00:33:54,840
with dusty photos on the walls.
496
00:33:54,880 --> 00:33:58,760
These images are the
remnants of a secret operation
497
00:33:58,800 --> 00:33:59,999
destined to alter the
course of Bulgaria's history.
498
00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:02,840
Destined to alter the
course of Bulgaria's history.
499
00:34:02,880 --> 00:34:07,280
This was part of an ambitious
and covert plan for revenge.
500
00:34:13,040 --> 00:34:16,040
(Speaks foreign language)
501
00:34:20,639 --> 00:34:22,480
Author Maria dimolareva
502
00:34:22,520 --> 00:34:27,120
has been researching the
island of st kirik since 2004.
503
00:34:27,159 --> 00:34:29,040
But this is her first time here.
504
00:34:31,400 --> 00:34:33,456
The island's most
prominent structure
505
00:34:33,480 --> 00:34:35,840
is shrouded in mystery.
506
00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:38,880
Maria is on a mission
to find out the real reason
507
00:34:38,920 --> 00:34:40,280
behind its construction.
508
00:34:42,480 --> 00:34:45,480
(Speaks foreign language)
509
00:35:01,680 --> 00:35:05,160
The building was commissioned
by the Bulgarian government in 1924
510
00:35:05,200 --> 00:35:07,120
for a staggering
amount of money,
511
00:35:07,160 --> 00:35:10,160
equivalent in today's
terms to $25 million.
512
00:35:11,360 --> 00:35:12,400
The official line was
513
00:35:12,440 --> 00:35:15,201
the Bulgarian government was
establishing a fishery school.
514
00:35:16,760 --> 00:35:18,736
Which was notably
unusual at the time
515
00:35:18,760 --> 00:35:22,200
when fishing was learnt at
home, not in the classroom.
516
00:35:22,240 --> 00:35:25,240
Electricity and
even central heating
517
00:35:25,280 --> 00:35:27,536
were going to be
seen for the first time
518
00:35:27,560 --> 00:35:29,960
in this sleepy backwater.
519
00:35:30,000 --> 00:35:32,200
According to
Bulgarian officials,
520
00:35:32,240 --> 00:35:34,800
there was a very good
reason for the new venture.
521
00:35:35,440 --> 00:35:37,136
Since the beginning
of the 20th century,
522
00:35:37,160 --> 00:35:40,120
Bulgarians had really
gravitated towards the countryside
523
00:35:40,160 --> 00:35:42,120
rather than towards the coast.
524
00:35:42,160 --> 00:35:45,360
Now, the Bulgarian state
needed a new generation of men
525
00:35:45,400 --> 00:35:47,880
that could take
advantage of the coast
526
00:35:47,920 --> 00:35:50,360
and use the sea to
generate revenue.
527
00:35:55,840 --> 00:35:58,840
(Speaks foreign language)
528
00:36:15,280 --> 00:36:18,440
The admission criteria
for prospective students
529
00:36:18,480 --> 00:36:21,400
looked like an attempt
to right past wrongs.
530
00:36:22,880 --> 00:36:25,240
The school was created
531
00:36:25,280 --> 00:36:27,880
with the goal of
bringing in orphans
532
00:36:27,920 --> 00:36:31,080
or refugees from
the first world war.
533
00:36:31,120 --> 00:36:33,560
It was a four-year
course with full board
534
00:36:33,600 --> 00:36:34,720
and the novice fishermen
535
00:36:34,760 --> 00:36:36,656
were even given
an interest free loan
536
00:36:36,680 --> 00:36:39,160
to buy all the equipment
they would ever need.
537
00:36:40,480 --> 00:36:42,736
The motives for
establishing the school
538
00:36:42,760 --> 00:36:43,880
appear to be sound.
539
00:36:46,080 --> 00:36:48,120
But all was not as it seemed.
540
00:36:49,520 --> 00:36:52,440
There were rooms and
features that really didn't add up.
541
00:36:53,640 --> 00:36:56,040
The first sign
something wasn't right
542
00:36:56,080 --> 00:36:58,440
surfaced when
construction began.
543
00:36:59,640 --> 00:37:00,000
The first stone was laid in 1924
544
00:37:00,001 --> 00:37:02,560
the first stone was laid in 1924
545
00:37:02,600 --> 00:37:04,456
and unusually the
ceremony was attended
546
00:37:04,480 --> 00:37:08,240
by top governmental officials
and even the king of Bulgaria.
547
00:37:10,480 --> 00:37:14,200
During the ceremony, the
king gives a rousing speech
548
00:37:14,240 --> 00:37:17,800
and the words are very
evocative and emotional.
549
00:37:17,840 --> 00:37:20,840
(Speaks foreign language)
550
00:37:42,560 --> 00:37:43,600
It was a speech
551
00:37:43,640 --> 00:37:46,440
that seemed better
suited to naval cadets
552
00:37:46,480 --> 00:37:47,760
than humble fishermen.
553
00:37:48,920 --> 00:37:51,920
(Speaks foreign language)
554
00:37:59,200 --> 00:38:01,016
But what could the king
but what could the king
555
00:38:01,040 --> 00:38:03,520
really be trying to
accomplish with all this?
556
00:38:04,480 --> 00:38:08,200
The king's inspiring words
threatened to give the game away.
557
00:38:09,920 --> 00:38:12,920
(Speaks foreign language)
558
00:38:27,400 --> 00:38:30,640
But Bulgaria was prohibited
from having a Navy
559
00:38:30,680 --> 00:38:33,880
or investing in any kind
of military organisation.
560
00:38:35,200 --> 00:38:39,680
Post world war one was a really
humiliating period for Bulgaria.
561
00:38:39,720 --> 00:38:42,640
They had picked the
losing side in the war
562
00:38:42,680 --> 00:38:45,200
joining the central
powers cause.
563
00:38:47,120 --> 00:38:48,720
Like many of the
defeated countries,
564
00:38:48,760 --> 00:38:51,880
Bulgaria was forced to
sign a treaty ceding land
565
00:38:51,920 --> 00:38:55,080
and committing to drastically
reduce its army and Navy.
566
00:38:55,120 --> 00:38:56,920
The prohibition
567
00:38:56,960 --> 00:38:59,999
on more than one service
academy meant that
568
00:39:00,000 --> 00:39:00,720
on more than one service
academy meant that
569
00:39:00,760 --> 00:39:05,760
they would never be
able to have a Navy again.
570
00:39:07,560 --> 00:39:11,160
Bulgaria was not going to
take any of this lying down.
571
00:39:12,680 --> 00:39:15,440
The Bulgarians
were quietly seething
572
00:39:15,480 --> 00:39:17,760
and they developed a plan
573
00:39:17,800 --> 00:39:20,680
to seize some of
their territory back.
574
00:39:20,720 --> 00:39:24,960
The sozopol fisheries school was
central to the ambitious scheme.
575
00:39:26,040 --> 00:39:28,480
Bulgaria was secretly
preparing for war,
576
00:39:28,520 --> 00:39:30,760
this wasn't just
a fishery school.
577
00:39:32,320 --> 00:39:36,240
And this is going to be a
way to maintain the capability,
578
00:39:36,280 --> 00:39:40,120
the skill set of navigation
and ship management
579
00:39:40,160 --> 00:39:43,760
and all of the requirements
for a naval officer
580
00:39:43,800 --> 00:39:48,160
in spite of the
allied restrictions.
581
00:39:48,200 --> 00:39:49,200
Suddenly,
582
00:39:49,240 --> 00:39:53,040
the king's speech
began to make sense.
583
00:39:53,080 --> 00:39:56,560
These seemingly innocuous
apprentice fishermen
584
00:39:56,600 --> 00:39:59,999
were actually secretly
training to be naval warriors.
585
00:40:00,000 --> 00:40:01,816
Were actually secretly
training to be naval warriors.
586
00:40:01,840 --> 00:40:03,760
And in 1939,
587
00:40:03,800 --> 00:40:08,320
Bulgaria got the chance
to put its plan into action.
588
00:40:08,360 --> 00:40:12,600
When world war ii started,
Bulgaria sided with Nazi Germany,
589
00:40:12,640 --> 00:40:13,760
another country
590
00:40:13,800 --> 00:40:16,360
that shared its resentment
at the peace treaty
591
00:40:16,400 --> 00:40:20,040
and a strong desire to
return to its former glory.
592
00:40:20,080 --> 00:40:21,480
During the war,
593
00:40:21,520 --> 00:40:25,160
the school became
exclusively a military zone,
594
00:40:25,200 --> 00:40:27,760
all civilians were forbidden.
595
00:40:27,800 --> 00:40:29,240
After it became clear
596
00:40:29,280 --> 00:40:32,800
that Bulgaria had once
again picked the wrong side,
597
00:40:32,840 --> 00:40:36,560
it looked like history
was about to repeat itself.
598
00:40:36,600 --> 00:40:39,280
That was until the
Soviet red army
599
00:40:39,320 --> 00:40:42,600
invaded in September 1944.
600
00:40:42,640 --> 00:40:44,816
The Bulgarian authorities
very wisely seeing
601
00:40:44,840 --> 00:40:47,480
which way the wind is
blowing, switched sides.
602
00:40:47,520 --> 00:40:51,400
They abandoned their Nazi
allies and joined Stalin instead.
603
00:40:52,800 --> 00:40:55,640
Under the newly installed
communist government,
604
00:40:55,680 --> 00:40:59,400
the military presence
here was quickly expanded.
605
00:40:59,440 --> 00:41:00,000
When Bulgaria became a
satellite of the Soviet union,
606
00:41:00,001 --> 00:41:02,680
when Bulgaria became a
satellite of the Soviet union,
607
00:41:02,720 --> 00:41:03,960
more buildings were put up,
608
00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:06,800
which you can see today
encircling the original one
609
00:41:06,840 --> 00:41:08,080
from the 1920s.
610
00:41:09,520 --> 00:41:12,040
St kirik became an
official naval base,
611
00:41:12,080 --> 00:41:15,640
home to two naval
divisions and a repair depot.
612
00:41:15,680 --> 00:41:18,680
(Speaks foreign language)
613
00:41:39,160 --> 00:41:41,560
After the collapse
of the Soviet union,
614
00:41:41,600 --> 00:41:43,696
the island remained
in military hands
615
00:41:43,720 --> 00:41:46,200
until shut down in 2007.
616
00:41:47,520 --> 00:41:49,696
The 38 buildings that
remain on the island
617
00:41:49,720 --> 00:41:51,320
are all completely abandoned
618
00:41:51,360 --> 00:41:55,360
and there's no access to the
public, they're very strict about this.
619
00:42:02,600 --> 00:42:05,800
Today, the Bulgarian
government is still deciding
620
00:42:05,840 --> 00:42:08,360
what is next for
the island of st kirik.
621
00:42:09,840 --> 00:42:12,320
The hope is that it
can be reinvented
622
00:42:12,360 --> 00:42:14,200
as a place for the people.
623
00:42:16,400 --> 00:42:18,920
And now that Bulgaria...
624
00:42:19,960 --> 00:42:24,680
Is no longer
interested in exercising
625
00:42:24,720 --> 00:42:28,680
its force overseas
with violence,
626
00:42:28,720 --> 00:42:34,320
this island can go back
to being a regular island.
627
00:42:36,280 --> 00:42:39,480
There are talks of making the
island into a tourist attraction,
628
00:42:39,520 --> 00:42:42,080
which makes sense
considering its complex past,
629
00:42:42,120 --> 00:42:44,040
but nothing's
really come of it yet.
630
00:42:47,600 --> 00:42:50,560
(Dramatic music)
631
00:42:50,600 --> 00:42:53,599
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50533
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