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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,120 --> 00:00:04,440 Tom ward (narrates): A luxurious resort in america 2 00:00:04,480 --> 00:00:07,000 that conceals a top secret facility. 3 00:00:08,760 --> 00:00:10,760 If this door was actually being opened, 4 00:00:10,800 --> 00:00:13,880 it would mean something very dramatic was happening outside 5 00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:16,880 and many millions of lives in the us would be in danger. 6 00:00:18,840 --> 00:00:22,920 A mysterious complex in Bali that's hard to place. 7 00:00:22,960 --> 00:00:26,720 If you think of it as sort of a Jurassic park meets disneyworld, 8 00:00:26,760 --> 00:00:28,240 you wouldn't be too far off. 9 00:00:30,760 --> 00:00:35,960 A mighty stronghold in Belgium that fell victim to a daring raid. 10 00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:41,440 Swiftly and silently they prepared to blast their way 11 00:00:41,480 --> 00:00:45,520 in to what was then one of the biggest buildings 12 00:00:45,560 --> 00:00:46,640 in all of Europe. 13 00:00:49,320 --> 00:00:51,960 And a forlorn compound near Jerusalem 14 00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:54,640 that emerged from a moment of hope. 15 00:00:54,680 --> 00:00:57,160 This was a time of optimism 16 00:00:57,200 --> 00:00:59,440 and the building represented that. 17 00:01:03,760 --> 00:01:05,280 Decaying relics. 18 00:01:07,960 --> 00:01:10,200 Ruins of lost worlds. 19 00:01:11,560 --> 00:01:14,800 Sites haunted by the past, 20 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:18,560 their secrets waiting to be revealed. 21 00:01:18,600 --> 00:01:20,560 (Theme music) 22 00:01:25,160 --> 00:01:28,400 On the southern tip of the tropical island of Bali 23 00:01:28,440 --> 00:01:31,080 lies a collection of ramshackle structures 24 00:01:31,120 --> 00:01:32,760 with a mystical past. 25 00:01:40,560 --> 00:01:42,320 From the air over this site 26 00:01:42,360 --> 00:01:46,440 you see the jungle reclaiming all kinds of buildings 27 00:01:46,480 --> 00:01:48,640 which don't appear to be in use any more. 28 00:01:49,920 --> 00:01:52,360 This place is really quite beautiful in its own way. 29 00:01:52,400 --> 00:01:53,760 There are lots of trees around 30 00:01:53,800 --> 00:01:56,720 and you have this classical eastern architecture. 31 00:01:58,360 --> 00:02:02,520 You can see one large building with this arched roof. 32 00:02:02,560 --> 00:02:05,840 Only it's been burnt out, only the shell survives. 33 00:02:07,200 --> 00:02:10,160 This place is full of spiritual iconography, 34 00:02:10,200 --> 00:02:13,520 statues of half-dragon, half-serpent figures, 35 00:02:13,560 --> 00:02:16,800 which suggest religious connotations. 36 00:02:16,840 --> 00:02:19,880 These buildings are designed to intrigue, 37 00:02:19,920 --> 00:02:23,440 but this place isn't quite what it might seem. 38 00:02:23,480 --> 00:02:27,480 The whole place is covered from head to toe in street art. 39 00:02:27,520 --> 00:02:31,960 Now, if it was indeed spiritual, surely that wouldn't be there. 40 00:02:33,280 --> 00:02:35,920 This place is where you feel like 41 00:02:35,960 --> 00:02:39,840 you're walking in a ruin of something ancient, 42 00:02:39,880 --> 00:02:42,280 but then you realise that's kind of a facade, 43 00:02:42,320 --> 00:02:46,000 that in fact everything is relatively recent, 44 00:02:46,040 --> 00:02:48,560 it was just built to look old. 45 00:02:50,920 --> 00:02:52,600 The biggest part of that facade 46 00:02:52,640 --> 00:02:55,200 is this enormous lump of earth covered in trees 47 00:02:55,240 --> 00:02:57,440 and towering over the rest of the site, 48 00:02:57,480 --> 00:03:00,440 it looks like it's a hill but it isn't. 49 00:03:00,480 --> 00:03:02,040 It's entirely artificial. 50 00:03:03,120 --> 00:03:05,160 A lot of money was put in to this place 51 00:03:05,200 --> 00:03:10,400 to make an impression on people, it's all very Jurassic park. 52 00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:11,960 So, what was this place 53 00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:14,760 and why did such extensive investment 54 00:03:14,800 --> 00:03:16,080 fail to pay off? 55 00:03:17,880 --> 00:03:20,440 There are lots of legends about this place, 56 00:03:20,480 --> 00:03:24,080 enough that people just don't go there anymore. 57 00:03:24,120 --> 00:03:27,160 And once you know the story about this site 58 00:03:27,200 --> 00:03:30,480 you'd be right to tread very carefully. 59 00:03:38,400 --> 00:03:40,240 This is the taman festival park 60 00:03:40,280 --> 00:03:43,840 and it was designed to be the Disneyland of Indonesia. 61 00:03:43,880 --> 00:03:45,840 But something happened here 62 00:03:45,880 --> 00:03:48,320 that made the plan go terribly wrong. 63 00:03:50,600 --> 00:03:56,160 It was opened in 1997 and cost $100 million to build. 64 00:03:56,200 --> 00:03:59,480 Ajik atu is a local resident and guardian of the site. 65 00:04:11,760 --> 00:04:14,960 This place had it all, it had a 3D cinema screen, 66 00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:16,920 pavilions, restaurants, 67 00:04:16,960 --> 00:04:20,280 they even advertise the world's first inverted rollercoaster. 68 00:04:21,480 --> 00:04:25,000 In addition to the rides and all the concessions, 69 00:04:25,040 --> 00:04:28,960 it was also meant to be kind of a celebration of nature 70 00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:31,560 with a lot of exotic plants, birds. 71 00:04:56,040 --> 00:04:58,720 The main attraction though was the huge mound 72 00:04:58,760 --> 00:05:00,280 at the centre of the park. 73 00:05:14,920 --> 00:05:17,600 The laser show was the piece de resistance 74 00:05:17,640 --> 00:05:18,920 of the park. 75 00:05:18,960 --> 00:05:23,440 Vegas has its water fountains, Disneyland's got its fireworks, 76 00:05:23,480 --> 00:05:26,840 taman festival had this amazing technology 77 00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:30,400 that could draw beautiful shapes across the sky. 78 00:05:42,720 --> 00:05:45,000 Their timing couldn't have been worse. 79 00:05:45,040 --> 00:05:48,920 Just before they opened the park, 80 00:05:48,960 --> 00:05:51,480 the countries of south east Asia 81 00:05:51,520 --> 00:05:55,400 went through a spectacular financial crisis 82 00:05:55,440 --> 00:06:00,800 that really dragged a lot of them in to deep, deep recession. 83 00:06:00,840 --> 00:06:04,560 If you remember the financial crisis of 2008 84 00:06:04,600 --> 00:06:06,920 in the us and around the world, 85 00:06:06,960 --> 00:06:11,240 this was a preview of that but it mostly only affected Asia. 86 00:06:12,640 --> 00:06:15,280 And on top of that Indonesia was going through 87 00:06:15,320 --> 00:06:17,040 a major political upheaval. 88 00:06:18,360 --> 00:06:20,680 The financial crisis also led 89 00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:22,880 to the downfall of president suharto, 90 00:06:22,920 --> 00:06:25,600 who'd ruled the country with an iron fist 91 00:06:25,640 --> 00:06:27,400 for about 30 years. 92 00:06:27,440 --> 00:06:28,800 So, when he left 93 00:06:28,840 --> 00:06:32,280 that led to a lot of political turmoil and uncertainty, 94 00:06:32,320 --> 00:06:35,680 it wasn't a good climate for tourism. 95 00:06:35,720 --> 00:06:39,800 The park was meant to get over 1,000 visitors a day 96 00:06:39,840 --> 00:06:42,400 but often only one person turned up. 97 00:06:43,880 --> 00:06:47,680 As if that wasn't enough, a huge storm rolled in 98 00:06:47,720 --> 00:06:50,880 and the park suffered a dramatic stroke of bad luck. 99 00:07:07,240 --> 00:07:10,040 The five million dollars' worth of gadgetry 100 00:07:10,080 --> 00:07:11,840 that was designed to wow the people 101 00:07:11,880 --> 00:07:15,080 lay a smouldering mess of metal and glass. 102 00:07:16,400 --> 00:07:18,960 That turned out to be a crushing blow, 103 00:07:19,000 --> 00:07:23,040 they just didn't have the money to repair their laser light show. 104 00:07:23,080 --> 00:07:25,320 And that was supposed to be kind of the central draw, 105 00:07:25,360 --> 00:07:27,800 the symbol of the whole park. 106 00:07:28,840 --> 00:07:32,440 Later other parts of the complex suffered a similar fate. 107 00:07:43,880 --> 00:07:45,840 Yet, this rusting frame 108 00:07:45,880 --> 00:07:48,160 is all that remains of the central restaurant 109 00:07:48,200 --> 00:07:50,480 after an unexplained fire. 110 00:07:50,520 --> 00:07:54,080 For some this wasn't just bad luck. 111 00:07:54,120 --> 00:07:56,480 Bali is predominantly a hindu island, 112 00:07:56,520 --> 00:07:59,000 and the balinese have their own interpretation, 113 00:07:59,040 --> 00:08:00,680 spiritually and philosophically, 114 00:08:00,720 --> 00:08:02,560 of why things went wrong at the park. 115 00:08:19,720 --> 00:08:21,160 The temple of the dead, 116 00:08:21,200 --> 00:08:24,160 one of three types of sacred temple in Bali, 117 00:08:24,200 --> 00:08:28,040 is typically dedicated to Shiva, in the hindu religion, 118 00:08:28,080 --> 00:08:30,800 the god of destruction and the destroyer of evil. 119 00:08:32,560 --> 00:08:34,920 But it wasn't only this temple that was built over. 120 00:08:54,800 --> 00:08:55,960 For the local people 121 00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:59,560 building on sacred land was a huge mistake 122 00:08:59,600 --> 00:09:02,320 and could explain why the park was struck down 123 00:09:02,360 --> 00:09:03,880 in such dramatic fashion. 124 00:09:22,720 --> 00:09:24,880 Abandoned in the year 2000, 125 00:09:24,920 --> 00:09:28,040 the park has since remained eerily silent 126 00:09:28,080 --> 00:09:30,600 but many believe that the spirits live on. 127 00:09:33,480 --> 00:09:34,640 There are lots of legends 128 00:09:34,680 --> 00:09:37,280 and cautionary stories about this place 129 00:09:37,320 --> 00:09:40,240 so much so that people just don't visit anymore. 130 00:09:40,280 --> 00:09:41,400 The locals say 131 00:09:41,440 --> 00:09:43,200 that there are even man-eating crocodiles 132 00:09:43,240 --> 00:09:44,280 on the loose. 133 00:10:09,840 --> 00:10:12,280 With no plans to demolish the complex, 134 00:10:12,320 --> 00:10:15,720 the tropical forest is claiming it for it's own, 135 00:10:15,760 --> 00:10:18,680 yet the reasons behind its untimely demise 136 00:10:18,720 --> 00:10:20,400 are still heavily debated. 137 00:10:22,360 --> 00:10:25,800 When you see something built as recently as the 1990s 138 00:10:25,840 --> 00:10:30,600 that is today completely decaying and in disuse and in disrepair, 139 00:10:30,640 --> 00:10:32,336 there has to be have been some hubris involved, 140 00:10:32,360 --> 00:10:37,440 some massive miscalculation, some misreading of the market. 141 00:10:37,480 --> 00:10:39,680 Whatever your personal beliefs about it, 142 00:10:39,720 --> 00:10:42,760 when you add up the financial crisis, 143 00:10:42,800 --> 00:10:45,600 the failed launch, the fire in the restaurant, 144 00:10:45,640 --> 00:10:47,560 and the catastrophic thunderstorm, 145 00:10:47,600 --> 00:10:51,160 it seems that the odds were just never in favour of this park. 146 00:10:57,880 --> 00:11:00,840 In Belgium, a series of concrete circles 147 00:11:00,880 --> 00:11:02,960 hint at something hidden from view. 148 00:11:09,640 --> 00:11:15,160 These structures look almost like landed flying saucers. 149 00:11:15,200 --> 00:11:16,456 When you get a little bit closer, 150 00:11:16,480 --> 00:11:19,960 you can see there are guns, in fact there are lots of them. 151 00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:21,520 Venture below ground 152 00:11:21,560 --> 00:11:25,040 and the true extent of this place becomes clear. 153 00:11:25,080 --> 00:11:27,680 There's a maze of tunnels, it goes for miles 154 00:11:27,720 --> 00:11:30,160 and they are of really strong reinforced concrete. 155 00:11:30,200 --> 00:11:34,080 Whatever this was, it was absolutely built to last. 156 00:11:34,120 --> 00:11:38,280 It's like you're going in to a concrete battleship. 157 00:11:38,320 --> 00:11:41,440 There are generators, there are laundries, 158 00:11:41,480 --> 00:11:44,880 there are kitchens, there's everything you need 159 00:11:44,920 --> 00:11:48,840 to sustain people living in closed quarters. 160 00:11:50,360 --> 00:11:53,280 One section suggests that whoever was based here 161 00:11:53,320 --> 00:11:54,560 came under siege. 162 00:11:55,680 --> 00:11:58,040 The concrete has been ripped away 163 00:11:58,080 --> 00:12:01,960 from the reinforcing bar, the metal is twisted out of shape. 164 00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:06,080 The amount of power and blast and shock and heat 165 00:12:06,120 --> 00:12:10,120 that was released here was phenomenal. 166 00:12:10,160 --> 00:12:12,160 This was the scene of a pivotal moment. 167 00:12:12,200 --> 00:12:13,520 It sent shock waves 168 00:12:13,560 --> 00:12:16,280 rippling out from Belgium across Europe, 169 00:12:16,320 --> 00:12:17,800 this would change history. 170 00:12:24,440 --> 00:12:26,640 On may 10, 1940, 171 00:12:26,680 --> 00:12:28,256 something really incredible happened here. 172 00:12:28,280 --> 00:12:33,040 This like outnumbered, outgunned, small German detachments 173 00:12:33,080 --> 00:12:36,400 landed on top of this state-of-the-art 174 00:12:36,440 --> 00:12:38,680 20th century fortification, 175 00:12:38,720 --> 00:12:42,000 meant to resist the onslaught of armies. 176 00:12:42,040 --> 00:12:43,040 And they took it, 177 00:12:43,080 --> 00:12:45,560 it was one of the most audacious acts 178 00:12:45,600 --> 00:12:47,680 in military history. 179 00:12:47,720 --> 00:12:50,360 It was deemed to be impregnable. 180 00:12:50,400 --> 00:12:54,760 It was the largest one fortress from Western Europe, 181 00:12:54,800 --> 00:12:58,960 and it was taken in the enemy hands in 36 hours. 182 00:13:00,120 --> 00:13:02,960 Tom hendrikx is an expert on this fortification 183 00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:05,520 and its pivotal role in the history of the country. 184 00:13:06,760 --> 00:13:10,960 There wasn't an official war declaration at the time, 185 00:13:11,000 --> 00:13:12,880 so everybody was so surprised. 186 00:13:17,400 --> 00:13:20,960 Construction here began in the early 1930s, 187 00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:22,720 but after the world war I, 188 00:13:22,760 --> 00:13:25,040 Belgium had no appetite to get involved 189 00:13:25,080 --> 00:13:27,480 in another devastating conflict. 190 00:13:27,520 --> 00:13:29,920 This place was all about defence. 191 00:13:31,960 --> 00:13:36,520 Belgium was ripped to shreds in the world war I. 192 00:13:36,560 --> 00:13:40,520 The battle lines had been drawn right through Belgium, 193 00:13:40,560 --> 00:13:46,400 and the violence and destruction bled Belgium dry. 194 00:13:48,680 --> 00:13:51,640 In 1936 the Belgian king announced 195 00:13:51,680 --> 00:13:54,880 the country would remain neutral in the event of another war. 196 00:13:56,800 --> 00:13:58,320 That absolutely did not mean 197 00:13:58,360 --> 00:14:01,520 that Belgium was gonna leave itself open to attack. 198 00:14:01,560 --> 00:14:05,160 It focused instead on defending very specific areas 199 00:14:05,200 --> 00:14:08,560 that it thought would be vulnerable to attack by enemy forces. 200 00:14:10,120 --> 00:14:12,840 With the German border just 20 miles away, 201 00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:16,000 a ring of forts had been built around the city of liege. 202 00:14:17,480 --> 00:14:21,320 Now, four new forts were added to further protect the border, 203 00:14:21,360 --> 00:14:23,680 the biggest was fort eben-emael. 204 00:14:25,360 --> 00:14:27,160 Fort eben-emael was designed 205 00:14:27,200 --> 00:14:31,640 to cover the critical Bridges across the Albert canal, 206 00:14:31,680 --> 00:14:34,240 which would be the German highway in to Belgium. 207 00:14:35,400 --> 00:14:37,680 They constructed this fortress with everything 208 00:14:37,720 --> 00:14:39,840 that they had learned from the world war I, 209 00:14:39,880 --> 00:14:41,840 the war that took place in trenches. 210 00:14:41,880 --> 00:14:43,240 And that's the reason 211 00:14:43,280 --> 00:14:45,920 why they constructed such a big fortress 212 00:14:45,960 --> 00:14:48,320 with many barriers, anti-tank ditches, 213 00:14:48,360 --> 00:14:52,440 everything to prevent an attack by infantry men or by tanks. 214 00:14:54,280 --> 00:14:58,440 The total surface area is approximately 185 acres, 215 00:14:58,480 --> 00:15:01,080 yet much of this site lies hidden from view. 216 00:15:03,320 --> 00:15:04,360 Here we have arrived 217 00:15:04,400 --> 00:15:06,760 at what they call in French (speaks French) 218 00:15:06,800 --> 00:15:09,400 So it means in English 'the junction of the star' 219 00:15:09,440 --> 00:15:12,720 and it connects five galleries of the fortress with each other. 220 00:15:12,760 --> 00:15:15,720 Now, in total we have here a gallery system 221 00:15:15,760 --> 00:15:19,160 of 5 kilometres inside of the fortress. 222 00:15:19,200 --> 00:15:22,480 The fort had all the man power and supplies 223 00:15:22,520 --> 00:15:23,560 to be able to hold out 224 00:15:23,600 --> 00:15:26,320 and defend this part of Belgium for months. 225 00:15:26,360 --> 00:15:30,120 The planners had war gamed every scenario they could think of 226 00:15:30,160 --> 00:15:32,840 and they believed it to be indestructible 227 00:15:32,880 --> 00:15:34,640 and totally impregnable. 228 00:15:37,040 --> 00:15:38,720 Even by today's standards 229 00:15:38,760 --> 00:15:41,880 the fire power held here is seriously impressive. 230 00:15:43,160 --> 00:15:46,680 Here we are at the largest gun emplacement of the fortress, 231 00:15:46,720 --> 00:15:50,960 like you could see it was equipped with two barrels of 120 millimetres 232 00:15:51,000 --> 00:15:55,480 and it could throw a shell for about 17, 17.5 kilometres. 233 00:15:58,680 --> 00:16:00,640 With this range of 10 miles, 234 00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:04,920 these guns could fire two tonnes of artillery rounds at any moment. 235 00:16:07,760 --> 00:16:10,720 So, why then did Hitler choose to attack the fort? 236 00:16:11,960 --> 00:16:14,480 Belgium is sometimes cruelly called 237 00:16:14,520 --> 00:16:16,360 the doormat of Europe, 238 00:16:16,400 --> 00:16:20,880 and that's because when Germany wants to smash on the door 239 00:16:20,920 --> 00:16:22,120 to France, 240 00:16:22,160 --> 00:16:26,560 they stand on Belgium in order to do it. 241 00:16:26,600 --> 00:16:28,600 France had its own line of fortifications, 242 00:16:28,640 --> 00:16:30,080 an imaginary line, 243 00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:32,600 but that could be easily got round by the Germans 244 00:16:32,640 --> 00:16:35,760 by simply going north of it through Belgium. 245 00:16:35,800 --> 00:16:37,320 But fort eben-emael 246 00:16:37,360 --> 00:16:41,080 and it's formidable arsenal stood in the way. 247 00:16:41,120 --> 00:16:43,400 The Germans pondered this dilemma, 248 00:16:43,440 --> 00:16:47,920 how do we circumvent a fortress as sophisticated as eben-emael. 249 00:16:47,960 --> 00:16:50,560 If we attack it in a conventional way 250 00:16:50,600 --> 00:16:53,720 it'll be a frontal assault against this entrenched artillery. 251 00:16:53,760 --> 00:16:56,160 It will be a really attritional bloody battle, 252 00:16:56,200 --> 00:16:59,320 it will disjoint the whole German war plan. 253 00:17:00,400 --> 00:17:02,080 So, they decided to do it by stealth. 254 00:17:04,480 --> 00:17:06,640 Kurt student who is one of the people 255 00:17:06,680 --> 00:17:10,720 who invented the idea of German paratroops, 256 00:17:10,760 --> 00:17:16,240 decides the only way to defeat fort eben-emael 257 00:17:16,280 --> 00:17:19,040 is to drop people right down on the roof. 258 00:17:20,680 --> 00:17:23,880 This was the first time it had ever been attempted in war 259 00:17:23,920 --> 00:17:28,280 and they weren't just going to drop these men from normal planes. 260 00:17:28,320 --> 00:17:31,400 The Germans decided to use a platform 261 00:17:31,440 --> 00:17:33,360 that the Belgians would never suspect, 262 00:17:33,400 --> 00:17:35,640 instead of coming at them clanking away 263 00:17:35,680 --> 00:17:38,920 and throwing up lots of dust and smoke and noise, 264 00:17:38,960 --> 00:17:40,160 they would use gliders, 265 00:17:40,200 --> 00:17:42,720 they would land relatively small detachments 266 00:17:42,760 --> 00:17:47,000 of German paratroops in gliders on the roof of these fortresses, 267 00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:49,280 silently in the dead of night. 268 00:17:49,320 --> 00:17:51,000 The roof of the fort 269 00:17:51,040 --> 00:17:54,240 afforded only a very short landing space. 270 00:17:54,280 --> 00:17:56,960 So, the pilots of the gliders trained very specifically. 271 00:17:57,000 --> 00:17:59,600 They dropped the wheels immediately after take-off 272 00:17:59,640 --> 00:18:01,800 and they had wrapped the nose cones of the gliders 273 00:18:01,840 --> 00:18:03,960 in barbed wire and metal strips 274 00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:06,480 in order to make the craft stop more quickly. 275 00:18:06,520 --> 00:18:09,280 And in practice they found that they could stop in a space 276 00:18:09,320 --> 00:18:10,760 of just 20 yards. 277 00:18:13,600 --> 00:18:18,120 The 10th of may 1940, 4:25am. 278 00:18:18,160 --> 00:18:21,920 Under the cover of darkness the silent assassins landed, 279 00:18:21,960 --> 00:18:23,360 armed with a deadly weapon. 280 00:18:24,920 --> 00:18:26,720 Each glider could carry a squad 281 00:18:26,760 --> 00:18:30,120 of seven or eight fully armed and equipped men, 282 00:18:30,160 --> 00:18:32,160 but they were carrying something new, 283 00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:33,840 the hollow charge, 284 00:18:33,880 --> 00:18:37,280 this was a dome shaped explosive with a concave bottom 285 00:18:37,320 --> 00:18:40,640 that focused the blast in one direction only. 286 00:18:40,680 --> 00:18:44,040 It was an absolutely lethal bit of kit. 287 00:18:44,080 --> 00:18:47,800 The German paratroops had trained on this for months, 288 00:18:47,840 --> 00:18:51,960 they were expertly trained they knew exactly what to do. 289 00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:55,480 And swiftly and silently, 290 00:18:55,520 --> 00:18:59,120 they prepared to blast their way 291 00:18:59,160 --> 00:19:03,360 in to what was then one of the biggest buildings 292 00:19:03,400 --> 00:19:04,640 in all of Europe. 293 00:19:05,800 --> 00:19:08,920 First they had to take out the major case mates 294 00:19:08,960 --> 00:19:12,560 in order to immobilise the Belgian guns. 295 00:19:12,600 --> 00:19:14,920 Here we are at the masaryk-cowan, 296 00:19:14,960 --> 00:19:16,720 this case mate was attacked 297 00:19:16,760 --> 00:19:19,400 by a German group of fallschirmjager. 298 00:19:19,440 --> 00:19:22,960 They placed the shape charge of 12.5 kilograms 299 00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:25,560 and blew in this whole gun inside 300 00:19:25,600 --> 00:19:29,800 against the back wall of the gun room itself, 301 00:19:29,840 --> 00:19:32,400 so the power was very large. 302 00:19:34,640 --> 00:19:37,360 The Germans struck multiple positions 303 00:19:37,400 --> 00:19:39,800 causing massive destruction to the fort 304 00:19:39,840 --> 00:19:41,880 and enabling them to get inside. 305 00:19:43,160 --> 00:19:44,720 For the Belgian soldiers, 306 00:19:44,760 --> 00:19:48,960 inside there was instant disorientation, 307 00:19:49,000 --> 00:19:54,840 for them they were in the strongest, safest place in Belgium. 308 00:19:54,880 --> 00:19:58,760 There was no way any enemy would be anywhere 309 00:19:58,800 --> 00:20:03,080 except in the sights of their machine guns way outside. 310 00:20:05,360 --> 00:20:08,560 Now, the German paratroopers had to contain the Belgians 311 00:20:08,600 --> 00:20:11,120 until reinforcements arrived. 312 00:20:11,160 --> 00:20:13,120 The battle itself inside the fort 313 00:20:13,160 --> 00:20:15,160 was terrifying for all concerned. 314 00:20:15,200 --> 00:20:17,400 They would drop explosives and smoke grenades 315 00:20:17,440 --> 00:20:20,360 down the air shafts to confuse the Belgians, keep them down below 316 00:20:20,400 --> 00:20:21,400 and disorganised 317 00:20:21,440 --> 00:20:24,360 and on the defensive until help arrives. 318 00:20:26,080 --> 00:20:30,120 Seeing the tremendous damage, the hollow charges could inflict 319 00:20:30,160 --> 00:20:32,880 and knowing the Germans had back up on it's way, 320 00:20:32,920 --> 00:20:34,720 the Belgians quickly surrendered. 321 00:20:36,600 --> 00:20:39,920 But the attack was all part of an elaborate deception. 322 00:20:41,280 --> 00:20:43,120 German army group b 323 00:20:43,160 --> 00:20:46,840 was pretending to be the armoured fist 324 00:20:46,880 --> 00:20:48,720 that was going to smash 325 00:20:48,760 --> 00:20:52,120 through northern Belgium into France, 326 00:20:52,160 --> 00:20:53,720 and that was a trick. 327 00:20:53,760 --> 00:20:58,200 Army group b that was smashing past fort eben-emael 328 00:20:58,240 --> 00:21:03,360 was distracting everybody from the German army group a 329 00:21:03,400 --> 00:21:07,960 that was sneaking in to France through the back door. 330 00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:10,440 Clearly, this was a major victory operationally 331 00:21:10,480 --> 00:21:13,200 and it opened up the way for Germany's blitzkrieg 332 00:21:13,240 --> 00:21:14,760 to roll across Europe, 333 00:21:14,800 --> 00:21:17,600 but more broadly it sent a far more powerful message 334 00:21:17,640 --> 00:21:18,680 to the allies. 335 00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:22,840 Germany was saying it could take out Europe's strongest defences, 336 00:21:22,880 --> 00:21:26,600 it was sending the simple message that it was coming for the allies 337 00:21:26,640 --> 00:21:28,280 and it did. 338 00:21:28,320 --> 00:21:30,760 And one hesitates to give Hitler credit for anything 339 00:21:30,800 --> 00:21:33,880 but there was a seed of brilliance in this plan. 340 00:21:33,920 --> 00:21:36,480 Landing these paratroopers on the roof 341 00:21:36,520 --> 00:21:40,240 and using this shaped charge to blast a hole through the parapets 342 00:21:40,280 --> 00:21:43,080 and get down in to the guts of the fortress quickly 343 00:21:43,120 --> 00:21:44,320 and contain the Garrison 344 00:21:44,360 --> 00:21:46,720 while relief columns came up unopposed 345 00:21:46,760 --> 00:21:49,160 and reinforced you, truly brilliant. 346 00:21:56,160 --> 00:21:59,680 Fortunately, Hitler's plans eventually crumbled 347 00:21:59,720 --> 00:22:02,560 and Belgium was liberated in 1944. 348 00:22:04,120 --> 00:22:06,720 But this fortress is a painful reminder 349 00:22:06,760 --> 00:22:09,120 that when blood wars came to Europe, 350 00:22:09,160 --> 00:22:11,520 Belgium was always on the front line. 351 00:22:16,280 --> 00:22:20,160 In West Virginia, usa lies a place so well hidden 352 00:22:20,200 --> 00:22:22,840 that for decades no one knew it was there. 353 00:22:29,280 --> 00:22:30,360 You come around this bend, 354 00:22:30,400 --> 00:22:34,640 you see this grand sprawling hotel in the classic style. 355 00:22:35,880 --> 00:22:40,000 There's this croqueted lawns and very well tendered gardens 356 00:22:40,040 --> 00:22:43,360 and this majestic looking estate building. 357 00:22:43,400 --> 00:22:45,800 It looks like one of the most upscale 358 00:22:45,840 --> 00:22:47,960 resorts in america. 359 00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:52,480 This grand hotel attracted movie stars and presidents. 360 00:22:52,520 --> 00:22:56,880 Joseph and Rose Kennedy, honeymooned here from Boston. 361 00:22:56,920 --> 00:22:59,600 The Duke of windsor comes here with Wallace Simpson, 362 00:22:59,640 --> 00:23:01,760 nehru comes here from India, 363 00:23:01,800 --> 00:23:03,760 and you've got all manner of celebrities. 364 00:23:03,800 --> 00:23:07,840 There's nothing abandoned or disused about this place, 365 00:23:07,880 --> 00:23:09,640 but it has a secret. 366 00:23:10,960 --> 00:23:13,040 It's almost imperceptible 367 00:23:13,080 --> 00:23:16,400 but there's something strange going on here. 368 00:23:16,440 --> 00:23:18,680 You start to see things which are a little bit odd, 369 00:23:18,720 --> 00:23:20,520 there's something just not quite right here. 370 00:23:20,560 --> 00:23:22,920 It's not your average five star hotel. 371 00:23:24,120 --> 00:23:26,160 You've got these green walls 372 00:23:26,200 --> 00:23:29,280 and it looks almost like a garage door, 373 00:23:29,320 --> 00:23:30,656 but it doesn't fit with the place. 374 00:23:30,680 --> 00:23:34,040 It looks armoured, it looks fortified. 375 00:23:34,080 --> 00:23:37,280 There's ventilation shafts that don't seem to be attached 376 00:23:37,320 --> 00:23:40,360 to the actual complex itself. 377 00:23:40,400 --> 00:23:45,120 And inside is a door that no one wants to see opened. 378 00:23:45,160 --> 00:23:47,160 If this door was actually being opened, 379 00:23:47,200 --> 00:23:49,560 it would mean many millions of lives in the us 380 00:23:49,600 --> 00:23:51,760 would be in danger. 381 00:23:51,800 --> 00:23:54,520 What links this ominous steel door 382 00:23:54,560 --> 00:23:56,880 to the incongruous structures in the woods? 383 00:24:04,240 --> 00:24:09,440 Doctor Robert conte has worked at greenbrier resort for 30 years. 384 00:24:09,480 --> 00:24:12,240 He's written the book on the history of this place. 385 00:24:13,880 --> 00:24:16,080 The greenbrier hotel has been here since 1913 386 00:24:16,120 --> 00:24:17,640 with lots and lots of additions. 387 00:24:17,680 --> 00:24:18,696 You can see over the years 388 00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:20,840 the hotel has expanded with these banquet halls, 389 00:24:20,880 --> 00:24:23,960 then up on the hill is the West Virginia wing. 390 00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:25,880 This was known for fine dining, 391 00:24:25,920 --> 00:24:28,240 was known for the New York interior decorator 392 00:24:28,280 --> 00:24:30,160 who does the inside. 393 00:24:30,200 --> 00:24:33,960 You walk in to this place, you know, it's chandeliers, 394 00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:37,440 persian rugs, beautiful furniture. 395 00:24:37,480 --> 00:24:40,160 I mean, this place is first class all the way. 396 00:24:40,200 --> 00:24:43,040 This now and has been for generations, 397 00:24:43,080 --> 00:24:45,880 one of the finest resorts in america. 398 00:24:47,160 --> 00:24:50,760 And this luxurious interior is the perfect cover 399 00:24:50,800 --> 00:24:53,120 for an abandoned underground site 400 00:24:53,160 --> 00:24:56,240 accessed by the threatening out of place door. 401 00:24:57,720 --> 00:24:59,400 The chances of anybody 402 00:24:59,440 --> 00:25:03,280 stumbling upon this were pretty remote. 403 00:25:03,320 --> 00:25:05,760 And behind the door a deserted tunnel 404 00:25:05,800 --> 00:25:07,480 leads deeper underground. 405 00:25:08,520 --> 00:25:09,640 You're looking down 406 00:25:09,680 --> 00:25:13,000 a very long over 400 foot long tunnel, 407 00:25:13,040 --> 00:25:14,880 and it's pretty spooky looking. 408 00:25:14,920 --> 00:25:17,480 You don't know where all this is leading. 409 00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:22,240 The date of construction offers up a clue. 410 00:25:22,280 --> 00:25:25,560 1958, the height of the cold war. 411 00:25:27,080 --> 00:25:30,680 It was very much built within the assumption 412 00:25:30,720 --> 00:25:33,560 of a large scale war. 413 00:25:33,600 --> 00:25:35,800 You know, a whole generation of Americans 414 00:25:35,840 --> 00:25:38,280 lived in fear of nuclear armageddon. 415 00:25:40,640 --> 00:25:44,120 In the early 1950s president Dwight eisenhower 416 00:25:44,160 --> 00:25:46,960 started to plan for a doomsday scenario. 417 00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:49,880 Soviet nuclear attack on the us. 418 00:25:53,200 --> 00:25:56,200 When the greenbrier was converted in to a military hospital 419 00:25:56,240 --> 00:25:59,280 during the world war ii, eisenhower stayed here. 420 00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:02,480 When eisenhower became president, 421 00:26:02,520 --> 00:26:04,920 he remembered this region 422 00:26:04,960 --> 00:26:07,960 and realised it might be a good place 423 00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:09,720 for a special plan he had. 424 00:26:11,600 --> 00:26:13,040 Eisenhower saw the need 425 00:26:13,080 --> 00:26:15,880 for a top secret anti-nuclear bunker. 426 00:26:16,960 --> 00:26:19,080 Who would suspect... 427 00:26:19,120 --> 00:26:21,240 A... a bunker prepared for war 428 00:26:21,280 --> 00:26:23,360 to be in a place like this lavish resort. 429 00:26:23,400 --> 00:26:25,000 This whole hidden in plain sight. 430 00:26:25,040 --> 00:26:27,360 That was probably the cleverest of the whole project. 431 00:26:28,640 --> 00:26:32,080 But it had to be built without anyone knowing. 432 00:26:32,120 --> 00:26:34,680 So, its construction had to coincide 433 00:26:34,720 --> 00:26:39,160 with the addition of a wing to the greenbrier resort. 434 00:26:39,200 --> 00:26:41,400 And while they were placing this wing 435 00:26:41,440 --> 00:26:43,160 on the surface of the earth 436 00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:46,280 beside the greenbrier resort, underneath 437 00:26:46,320 --> 00:26:48,600 they were building this very secret construction. 438 00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:57,640 On the surface, work began on the hotels new West Virginia wing 439 00:26:57,680 --> 00:26:59,880 but the cover story didn't fool everybody. 440 00:27:01,480 --> 00:27:03,000 There was a hell of a lot of concrete 441 00:27:03,040 --> 00:27:05,000 being poured in to the ground. 442 00:27:05,040 --> 00:27:08,800 Clearly something major was being constructed. 443 00:27:08,840 --> 00:27:11,760 Of course, you can't build something this big 444 00:27:11,800 --> 00:27:14,000 without people asking a few questions, 445 00:27:14,040 --> 00:27:16,480 the manager of the resort at that time said. 446 00:27:16,520 --> 00:27:19,400 But I just saw 110 urinals being installed, 447 00:27:19,440 --> 00:27:21,600 there's obviously something else going on here. 448 00:27:23,040 --> 00:27:25,960 The construction went over two levels. 449 00:27:26,000 --> 00:27:27,760 The walls were some two feet thick 450 00:27:27,800 --> 00:27:30,040 with steel reinforcements 451 00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:32,400 and the whole lot was capped with a concrete roof 452 00:27:32,440 --> 00:27:34,360 and then some 20ft of earth above, 453 00:27:34,400 --> 00:27:36,600 so the whole thing was completely encased 454 00:27:36,640 --> 00:27:37,680 and hidden away. 455 00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:40,976 The bunkers were just about where these buildings are 456 00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:43,320 where the fountain is against the brick wall. 457 00:27:43,360 --> 00:27:46,600 It's really just on the other side, there's only about 50ft of dirt 458 00:27:46,640 --> 00:27:49,320 between the bottom of the oval building 459 00:27:49,360 --> 00:27:51,480 and the top of the covert building. 460 00:27:51,520 --> 00:27:54,800 By 1962 the bunker was complete 461 00:27:54,840 --> 00:27:57,880 and unsuspecting hotel guests had no idea 462 00:27:57,920 --> 00:27:59,640 what lay under these buildings. 463 00:28:01,360 --> 00:28:04,040 Out here on these terraces there have been lots of parties, 464 00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:06,240 those people would never realise 465 00:28:06,280 --> 00:28:08,160 that underneath the West Virginia wing 466 00:28:08,200 --> 00:28:09,320 is a secret bunker. 467 00:28:10,400 --> 00:28:12,320 It's very important to realise 468 00:28:12,360 --> 00:28:14,800 that this was just an active hotel at the same time 469 00:28:14,840 --> 00:28:16,920 that this thing was being maintained. 470 00:28:16,960 --> 00:28:19,440 The Ryder's cup was held there of all things. 471 00:28:21,840 --> 00:28:24,760 The staff were also kept in the dark. 472 00:28:24,800 --> 00:28:26,280 The secret of the greenbrier bunker 473 00:28:26,320 --> 00:28:29,760 was so well kept that employees that served there 474 00:28:29,800 --> 00:28:33,760 while this bunker was operational they knew something was there 475 00:28:33,800 --> 00:28:35,520 but they had no idea what it was. 476 00:28:36,600 --> 00:28:39,000 I must have walked through this corridor, 477 00:28:39,040 --> 00:28:40,680 you know, thousand times 478 00:28:40,720 --> 00:28:42,120 and it never crossed my mind 479 00:28:42,160 --> 00:28:47,240 that there was, hidden behind the wall was a ten tonne blast door. 480 00:28:47,280 --> 00:28:50,680 The only people who knew about its existence, 481 00:28:50,720 --> 00:28:53,000 fewer than five people in the us government. 482 00:28:53,040 --> 00:28:55,080 That's how secret it was. 483 00:28:55,120 --> 00:28:59,640 So, who exactly was this vast shelter built for? 484 00:28:59,680 --> 00:29:02,560 Eisenhower, you know, asked the question, 485 00:29:02,600 --> 00:29:06,560 "how do we maintain the continuity of the American government 486 00:29:06,600 --> 00:29:07,960 "during a nuclear war?" 487 00:29:09,640 --> 00:29:13,160 If Washington DC was attacked, there needed to be a place 488 00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:14,840 for law makers to retreat to. 489 00:29:16,400 --> 00:29:18,640 The idea was they could lead the entire leadership 490 00:29:18,680 --> 00:29:23,320 of the us government underground to survive a potential nuclear war. 491 00:29:23,360 --> 00:29:26,520 This was an emergency relocation centre 492 00:29:26,560 --> 00:29:29,320 for the legislative branch of the federal government. 493 00:29:29,360 --> 00:29:33,240 It was big enough to hold the members of congress, 494 00:29:33,280 --> 00:29:36,640 the senate, and the house, the leaders of government. 495 00:29:37,920 --> 00:29:40,000 Following a nuclear strike, 496 00:29:40,040 --> 00:29:42,440 the members of congress would be bought here. 497 00:29:43,560 --> 00:29:47,000 If this door were to open 498 00:29:47,040 --> 00:29:50,520 that means catastrophic has happened out there, 499 00:29:50,560 --> 00:29:53,000 it meant that the seat of the federal government 500 00:29:53,040 --> 00:29:54,640 was under attack 501 00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:58,960 and hundreds of millions of Americans are terrified 502 00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:01,880 because their lives are hanging in the balance at this point. 503 00:30:03,560 --> 00:30:06,040 The congress people who were to enter this now 504 00:30:06,080 --> 00:30:07,360 deserted Warren 505 00:30:07,400 --> 00:30:10,160 would have little idea what lay ahead. 506 00:30:10,200 --> 00:30:11,440 Once you went through this door 507 00:30:11,480 --> 00:30:16,080 then you just entered this long 433 foot tunnel. 508 00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:19,720 It's a long walk to find out what the new world was gonna be. 509 00:30:21,240 --> 00:30:22,560 At the end of the corridor 510 00:30:22,600 --> 00:30:25,400 are the remnants of a series of showers. 511 00:30:25,440 --> 00:30:28,040 This is a decontamination unit here, 512 00:30:28,080 --> 00:30:29,840 so the water would come out along here, 513 00:30:29,880 --> 00:30:31,640 couple of nozzles on top. 514 00:30:31,680 --> 00:30:34,040 And that's just so that you don't bring the fallout 515 00:30:34,080 --> 00:30:37,560 from that contaminated dust inside the bunker facility itself. 516 00:30:38,840 --> 00:30:40,240 Deeper inside 517 00:30:40,280 --> 00:30:42,760 the 100,000 square foot bunker 518 00:30:42,800 --> 00:30:45,800 was equipped with everything required to govern the nation. 519 00:30:46,800 --> 00:30:48,216 This is where the house of representatives 520 00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:49,240 would have met. 521 00:30:49,280 --> 00:30:52,360 So, altogether there are 435 seats. 522 00:30:52,400 --> 00:30:55,160 And every one of them would have had a microphone, 523 00:30:55,200 --> 00:30:58,360 so they would have recorded all sessions of congress. 524 00:30:58,400 --> 00:31:01,600 And then the mountaineer room with 130 seats 525 00:31:01,640 --> 00:31:04,440 that would house the United States senate. 526 00:31:04,480 --> 00:31:07,240 They gave a lot of thought to communications. 527 00:31:07,280 --> 00:31:10,640 They had extensive facilities for radio and television, 528 00:31:10,680 --> 00:31:14,440 they even had a broadcast room with a backdrop of the capitol dome 529 00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:17,200 so they could talk to the public on TV 530 00:31:17,240 --> 00:31:19,200 as if they'd never left Washington. 531 00:31:20,520 --> 00:31:22,560 The floor below hid all the backup 532 00:31:22,600 --> 00:31:23,760 government would require. 533 00:31:25,640 --> 00:31:27,720 There were 18 dormitories altogether. 534 00:31:27,760 --> 00:31:29,680 There were 1,100 beds, 535 00:31:29,720 --> 00:31:31,640 every one of these beds 536 00:31:31,680 --> 00:31:33,520 was assigned to a member of congress. 537 00:31:33,560 --> 00:31:35,536 And when they would go through a re-election cycle 538 00:31:35,560 --> 00:31:38,120 or people retired or died or whatever, 539 00:31:38,160 --> 00:31:39,960 they had to reassign all these beds. 540 00:31:41,120 --> 00:31:45,640 And a clinic, 12-bed hospital and pharmacy were also built 541 00:31:45,680 --> 00:31:47,560 in preparation for the worst. 542 00:31:49,120 --> 00:31:51,760 The greenbrier bunker remained on high alert 543 00:31:51,800 --> 00:31:53,080 for 30 years. 544 00:31:54,200 --> 00:31:57,440 With the end of the cold war in the early 1990s 545 00:31:57,480 --> 00:32:00,720 many in government felt it no longer had a use, 546 00:32:00,760 --> 00:32:02,880 but nobody could agree on what to do with it. 547 00:32:04,120 --> 00:32:05,920 If you wanted to get something done, 548 00:32:05,960 --> 00:32:07,920 you leak it to the Washington post. 549 00:32:07,960 --> 00:32:11,640 In 1992 the Washington post ran a big article 550 00:32:11,680 --> 00:32:15,560 exposing the existence of the bunker. 551 00:32:15,600 --> 00:32:16,600 Soon after that, 552 00:32:16,640 --> 00:32:18,960 the government began to decommission the facility. 553 00:32:24,400 --> 00:32:27,480 The question of an emergency government facility 554 00:32:27,520 --> 00:32:29,880 is no less relevant today. 555 00:32:29,920 --> 00:32:32,160 Is there a new greenbrier underground bunker 556 00:32:32,200 --> 00:32:34,680 somewhere for congress to go in the event of a nuclear war? 557 00:32:34,720 --> 00:32:36,200 And if so, where is it? 558 00:32:41,240 --> 00:32:43,560 In abu dis on the edge of Jerusalem 559 00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:46,280 stands a monument to a lost piece. 560 00:32:52,720 --> 00:32:55,400 It appears like it was built recently. 561 00:32:55,440 --> 00:32:59,040 The stonework is all clean and in good condition. 562 00:32:59,080 --> 00:33:02,320 But there are no windows, there are no doors. 563 00:33:02,360 --> 00:33:04,320 It's clear that whatever was started here 564 00:33:04,360 --> 00:33:06,200 didn't get finished. 565 00:33:06,240 --> 00:33:08,720 Inside it appears to have been designed 566 00:33:08,760 --> 00:33:10,520 for a very specific function. 567 00:33:11,600 --> 00:33:15,040 And it kind of reminds you of the Roman senate a bit. 568 00:33:15,080 --> 00:33:16,920 You can imagine that this was a place 569 00:33:16,960 --> 00:33:20,120 where lively debate was meant to carry on. 570 00:33:21,880 --> 00:33:26,120 Clearly, this place was meant to be packed full of people 571 00:33:26,160 --> 00:33:29,120 and now it's deserted. 572 00:33:29,160 --> 00:33:31,240 Climbing through the vacant floors, 573 00:33:31,280 --> 00:33:33,360 it's proximity to the holy city 574 00:33:33,400 --> 00:33:36,280 and it's troubled history becomes clear. 575 00:33:37,560 --> 00:33:41,000 When you're looking out these upper windows 576 00:33:41,040 --> 00:33:43,160 towards the old city of Jerusalem, 577 00:33:43,200 --> 00:33:47,480 you can see a golden dome, a dome of the rock. 578 00:33:47,520 --> 00:33:49,880 You can see the separation barrier 579 00:33:49,920 --> 00:33:53,440 that divides Israel and Palestine. 580 00:33:53,480 --> 00:33:55,280 It's hard to imagine 581 00:33:55,320 --> 00:33:58,480 that it wasn't somehow connected to that conflict 582 00:33:58,520 --> 00:34:02,600 that has consumed this region for decades. 583 00:34:02,640 --> 00:34:04,960 But why wasn't it ever finished? 584 00:34:10,240 --> 00:34:12,960 Ahmed qurei is the former prime minister 585 00:34:13,000 --> 00:34:15,280 of the palestinian national authority. 586 00:34:16,440 --> 00:34:18,640 It's designed in a very good way, 587 00:34:18,680 --> 00:34:20,240 look, how beautiful it is. 588 00:34:21,760 --> 00:34:25,520 In 1992 mr qurei travelled to Oslo, Norway 589 00:34:25,560 --> 00:34:28,880 for a series of secret meetings with Israeli representatives. 590 00:34:29,960 --> 00:34:32,760 They led to the momentous Oslo peace accords 591 00:34:32,800 --> 00:34:35,440 signed in September 1993. 592 00:34:39,040 --> 00:34:42,760 The accords created a path towards palestinian self-governance 593 00:34:42,800 --> 00:34:45,120 in the west bank and gaza strip 594 00:34:45,160 --> 00:34:47,960 and laid the ground work for a more permanent peace deal. 595 00:34:49,080 --> 00:34:51,880 The Palestine liberation organisation 596 00:34:51,920 --> 00:34:56,240 was going to come and take up governance, 597 00:34:56,280 --> 00:35:01,480 and instead of governance by Israeli military authorities, 598 00:35:01,520 --> 00:35:06,200 the Palestinian Territories would be governed 599 00:35:06,240 --> 00:35:09,040 by their own rulers. 600 00:35:10,800 --> 00:35:14,520 What had seemed like an impossible quest for peace 601 00:35:14,560 --> 00:35:17,560 was now on the horizon. 602 00:35:17,600 --> 00:35:21,200 Out of that era-defining deal came this, 603 00:35:21,240 --> 00:35:24,120 the palestinian legislative council building 604 00:35:24,160 --> 00:35:25,480 or parliament. 605 00:35:25,520 --> 00:35:28,960 It was to become a centre of palestinian democracy. 606 00:35:30,320 --> 00:35:32,200 The palestinian national council 607 00:35:32,240 --> 00:35:35,280 had been meeting in exile for years, 608 00:35:35,320 --> 00:35:38,640 but now finally because of the Oslo accords 609 00:35:38,680 --> 00:35:41,040 they could meet here in their own lands. 610 00:35:42,120 --> 00:35:45,040 But deciding on the exact location to build it 611 00:35:45,080 --> 00:35:47,600 was a deeply political decision, 612 00:35:47,640 --> 00:35:50,960 even within the palestinian leadership itself. 613 00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:55,000 To this day it is Israeli government policy 614 00:35:55,040 --> 00:36:00,400 that Jerusalem is undivided capital 615 00:36:00,440 --> 00:36:02,160 of the state of Israel. 616 00:36:02,200 --> 00:36:04,480 And the problem is that 617 00:36:04,520 --> 00:36:08,360 the palestinian authority is very unequivocal 618 00:36:08,400 --> 00:36:09,880 that from their point of view, 619 00:36:09,920 --> 00:36:15,000 Jerusalem is the capital of a palestinian arab state. 620 00:36:16,440 --> 00:36:18,760 Some thought that the town of abu dis 621 00:36:18,800 --> 00:36:21,440 could provide an artful solution to this problem. 622 00:36:22,640 --> 00:36:24,360 The line declared by Israel 623 00:36:24,400 --> 00:36:26,360 as the municipal boundary of Jerusalem 624 00:36:26,400 --> 00:36:28,240 runs right past the parliament. 625 00:36:30,680 --> 00:36:34,840 Abu dis was considered by some of the palestinian authority 626 00:36:34,880 --> 00:36:37,360 to be part of Jerusalem. 627 00:36:37,400 --> 00:36:40,520 Whether by accident or by design, 628 00:36:40,560 --> 00:36:43,200 part of the parliament was actually located 629 00:36:43,240 --> 00:36:46,680 in the Israeli side of the line. 630 00:36:46,720 --> 00:36:51,440 It's impossible to say for certain whether this was intentional 631 00:36:51,480 --> 00:36:54,720 but the symbolic significance of it 632 00:36:54,760 --> 00:36:57,640 was hard to ignore. 633 00:36:57,680 --> 00:37:03,160 Construction began in 1996 this was a time of optimism, 634 00:37:03,200 --> 00:37:05,200 and the building represented that. 635 00:37:07,120 --> 00:37:08,680 As construction progressed 636 00:37:08,720 --> 00:37:10,320 it seemed that this chamber 637 00:37:10,360 --> 00:37:13,520 would soon become a place of lively political debate. 638 00:37:15,080 --> 00:37:17,320 I was the speaker of the council, 639 00:37:17,360 --> 00:37:21,280 this is the plenary where the meetings of the council. 640 00:37:21,320 --> 00:37:26,600 There are rooms for the speaker, for the committees, 641 00:37:26,640 --> 00:37:30,240 and upstairs also for the employees. 642 00:37:30,280 --> 00:37:31,840 Hundred and sixty-two seats 643 00:37:31,880 --> 00:37:35,200 were installed for elected palestinian representatives. 644 00:37:35,240 --> 00:37:36,240 It certainly looked like 645 00:37:36,280 --> 00:37:38,280 it would have been an impressive place 646 00:37:38,320 --> 00:37:39,960 to plan for the state's future. 647 00:37:42,280 --> 00:37:44,360 But as the imposing concrete barrier 648 00:37:44,400 --> 00:37:47,680 that weaves it's way past the building suggests, 649 00:37:47,720 --> 00:37:52,200 the peace deal and the parliament were built on very shaky ground. 650 00:37:57,680 --> 00:38:01,160 Awad awad is a palestinian photo journalist 651 00:38:01,200 --> 00:38:04,120 who witnessed the construction of this important building 652 00:38:04,160 --> 00:38:06,600 and the events that led to its demise. 653 00:38:18,800 --> 00:38:20,880 (People cheering) 654 00:38:20,920 --> 00:38:23,760 The Oslo peace accords had provided a timeline 655 00:38:23,800 --> 00:38:25,280 for a more permanent deal. 656 00:38:26,760 --> 00:38:29,440 But while the parliament was still being built, 657 00:38:29,480 --> 00:38:32,000 time to reach an agreement was running out. 658 00:38:33,800 --> 00:38:37,480 It really all came to a head in the year 2000. 659 00:38:37,520 --> 00:38:41,920 And there was an attempt that July to broker a peace deal 660 00:38:41,960 --> 00:38:45,400 under Clinton's oversight at camp David, 661 00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:47,760 but it just didn't work. 662 00:38:47,800 --> 00:38:51,320 Yasser arafat the revered chairman 663 00:38:51,360 --> 00:38:53,840 of the Palestine liberation organisation 664 00:38:53,880 --> 00:38:58,160 turned down an offer for a deal 665 00:38:58,200 --> 00:39:03,400 which would have given him almost everything 666 00:39:03,440 --> 00:39:05,560 the palestinian people had asked for. 667 00:39:06,800 --> 00:39:10,240 But almost everything was not enough 668 00:39:10,280 --> 00:39:11,920 to reach an agreement 669 00:39:11,960 --> 00:39:14,440 and one of the key reasons the talks failed 670 00:39:14,480 --> 00:39:16,920 can be seen from this very office. 671 00:39:30,080 --> 00:39:31,320 Among other disputes 672 00:39:31,360 --> 00:39:33,280 the two sides could not reconcile 673 00:39:33,320 --> 00:39:35,640 their conflicting claims to Jerusalem 674 00:39:35,680 --> 00:39:38,680 and the holy areas surrounding the al-aqsa mosque. 675 00:39:40,360 --> 00:39:44,040 And events there would soon leave this building empty 676 00:39:44,080 --> 00:39:45,920 and cut off from it's future. 677 00:39:47,680 --> 00:39:48,680 Ariel Sharon, 678 00:39:48,720 --> 00:39:51,680 the Israeli leader of the opposition, 679 00:39:51,720 --> 00:39:54,280 a hate figure across the arab world. 680 00:39:55,800 --> 00:40:01,120 When he and a massive Israeli security force 681 00:40:01,160 --> 00:40:06,280 walked on to the Plaza at the al-aqsa mosque, 682 00:40:06,320 --> 00:40:12,120 he was putting up a finger to the arab population, 683 00:40:12,160 --> 00:40:15,480 to the palestinian population, to the Muslim population. 684 00:40:16,960 --> 00:40:19,680 Sharon declared that the site home 685 00:40:19,720 --> 00:40:23,440 to some of the holiest places in both islam and judaism 686 00:40:23,480 --> 00:40:26,520 would remain under Israeli control forever. 687 00:40:28,480 --> 00:40:30,560 A wave of violence broke out 688 00:40:30,600 --> 00:40:32,960 which came to be called the second intifada, 689 00:40:33,000 --> 00:40:35,720 where palestinian suicide bomber attacks 690 00:40:35,760 --> 00:40:39,840 in Israeli cities and Israeli military advances 691 00:40:39,880 --> 00:40:41,800 on to the west bank. 692 00:40:41,840 --> 00:40:44,920 Construction of the building stopped, 693 00:40:44,960 --> 00:40:48,240 but then what happened next sealed its fate. 694 00:40:49,640 --> 00:40:52,440 As the torrent of violence raged on, 695 00:40:52,480 --> 00:40:54,040 Israeli forces moved 696 00:40:54,080 --> 00:40:56,880 to physically separate the two sides. 697 00:40:56,920 --> 00:40:59,800 They maintained it was necessary for security 698 00:40:59,840 --> 00:41:01,320 but it had another effect. 699 00:41:03,520 --> 00:41:07,280 The wall made of concrete surrounded much of the west bank, 700 00:41:07,320 --> 00:41:10,680 and it cut the parliament off from Jerusalem. 701 00:41:10,720 --> 00:41:14,240 You can see just how close it runs to the building today. 702 00:41:15,640 --> 00:41:18,040 From the palestinian point of view 703 00:41:18,080 --> 00:41:20,840 they couldn't put their leadership 704 00:41:20,880 --> 00:41:23,520 in a space that was now cut off 705 00:41:23,560 --> 00:41:26,800 from what they thought of as their capital, Jerusalem. 706 00:41:27,960 --> 00:41:33,560 That barrier is a reminder of how little trust 707 00:41:33,600 --> 00:41:37,400 there can be between these two nations. 708 00:41:38,560 --> 00:41:40,400 This building, which was the product 709 00:41:40,440 --> 00:41:45,160 of this hard fought and hard won peace process, 710 00:41:45,200 --> 00:41:48,080 was ultimately also a victim of it's failure. 711 00:41:55,040 --> 00:41:58,400 Today, this forlorn ruin has become a symbol 712 00:41:58,440 --> 00:42:00,160 of a more optimistic time. 713 00:42:01,400 --> 00:42:04,400 After decades of fighting 714 00:42:04,440 --> 00:42:09,720 this building showed that peace might one day be possible. 715 00:42:09,760 --> 00:42:14,320 I think that peace is always a possibility 716 00:42:14,360 --> 00:42:16,800 that the hope is always there 717 00:42:16,840 --> 00:42:19,240 as long as there's people willing to hold on to it. 718 00:42:21,720 --> 00:42:25,000 And the parliament building may yet play a different role 719 00:42:25,040 --> 00:42:27,000 in the future of Palestinians. 720 00:42:28,240 --> 00:42:29,560 Ownership of the building 721 00:42:29,600 --> 00:42:32,560 was transferred to the al quds university. 722 00:42:32,600 --> 00:42:35,640 But since then they've struggled to find investment 723 00:42:35,680 --> 00:42:37,000 to renovate the site, 724 00:42:37,040 --> 00:42:39,200 but they haven't given up hope yet. 725 00:42:39,240 --> 00:42:43,880 So, who knows, one day this place might get a positive use. 726 00:42:47,960 --> 00:42:50,320 (Theme music) 727 00:43:11,600 --> 00:43:14,600 Captioned by ai-media ai-media. TV 58665

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