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Tom ward (narrates): A
luxurious resort in america
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that conceals a
top secret facility.
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00:00:08,760 --> 00:00:10,760
If this door was
actually being opened,
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00:00:10,800 --> 00:00:13,880
it would mean something very
dramatic was happening outside
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00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:16,880
and many millions of lives
in the us would be in danger.
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A mysterious complex
in Bali that's hard to place.
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If you think of it as sort of a
Jurassic park meets disneyworld,
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you wouldn't be too far off.
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A mighty stronghold in Belgium
that fell victim to a daring raid.
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Swiftly and silently they
prepared to blast their way
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00:00:41,480 --> 00:00:45,520
in to what was then one
of the biggest buildings
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in all of Europe.
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And a forlorn compound
near Jerusalem
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that emerged from
a moment of hope.
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This was a time of optimism
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and the building
represented that.
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Decaying relics.
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Ruins of lost worlds.
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Sites haunted by the past,
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their secrets waiting
to be revealed.
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(Theme music)
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On the southern tip of
the tropical island of Bali
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lies a collection of
ramshackle structures
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with a mystical past.
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From the air over this site
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you see the jungle
reclaiming all kinds of buildings
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which don't appear
to be in use any more.
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This place is really quite
beautiful in its own way.
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There are lots of trees around
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and you have this classical
eastern architecture.
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You can see one large
building with this arched roof.
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Only it's been burnt out,
only the shell survives.
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This place is full of
spiritual iconography,
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statues of half-dragon,
half-serpent figures,
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which suggest
religious connotations.
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These buildings are
designed to intrigue,
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but this place isn't
quite what it might seem.
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The whole place is covered
from head to toe in street art.
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Now, if it was indeed spiritual,
surely that wouldn't be there.
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This place is
where you feel like
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you're walking in a ruin
of something ancient,
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but then you realise
that's kind of a facade,
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that in fact everything
is relatively recent,
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it was just built to look old.
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The biggest part of that facade
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is this enormous lump
of earth covered in trees
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and towering over
the rest of the site,
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it looks like it's
a hill but it isn't.
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It's entirely artificial.
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00:03:03,120 --> 00:03:05,160
A lot of money was
put in to this place
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to make an impression on
people, it's all very Jurassic park.
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So, what was this place
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and why did such
extensive investment
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fail to pay off?
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There are lots of
legends about this place,
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enough that people just
don't go there anymore.
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And once you know
the story about this site
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you'd be right to
tread very carefully.
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This is the taman festival park
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and it was designed to be
the Disneyland of Indonesia.
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But something happened here
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that made the plan
go terribly wrong.
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It was opened in 1997 and
cost $100 million to build.
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Ajik atu is a local resident
and guardian of the site.
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This place had it all, it
had a 3D cinema screen,
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pavilions, restaurants,
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they even advertise the
world's first inverted rollercoaster.
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00:04:21,480 --> 00:04:25,000
In addition to the rides
and all the concessions,
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it was also meant to be
kind of a celebration of nature
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with a lot of
exotic plants, birds.
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The main attraction
though was the huge mound
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at the centre of the park.
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The laser show was
the piece de resistance
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of the park.
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Vegas has its water fountains,
Disneyland's got its fireworks,
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00:05:23,480 --> 00:05:26,840
taman festival had
this amazing technology
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that could draw beautiful
shapes across the sky.
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Their timing couldn't
have been worse.
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Just before they
opened the park,
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the countries of south east Asia
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went through a
spectacular financial crisis
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that really dragged a lot of
them in to deep, deep recession.
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00:06:00,840 --> 00:06:04,560
If you remember the
financial crisis of 2008
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00:06:04,600 --> 00:06:06,920
in the us and around the world,
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00:06:06,960 --> 00:06:11,240
this was a preview of that
but it mostly only affected Asia.
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And on top of that
Indonesia was going through
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a major political upheaval.
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The financial crisis also led
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to the downfall of
president suharto,
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who'd ruled the
country with an iron fist
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for about 30 years.
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So, when he left
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that led to a lot of political
turmoil and uncertainty,
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it wasn't a good
climate for tourism.
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The park was meant to
get over 1,000 visitors a day
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but often only one
person turned up.
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As if that wasn't enough,
a huge storm rolled in
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and the park suffered a
dramatic stroke of bad luck.
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The five million dollars'
worth of gadgetry
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00:07:10,080 --> 00:07:11,840
that was designed
to wow the people
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00:07:11,880 --> 00:07:15,080
lay a smouldering
mess of metal and glass.
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00:07:16,400 --> 00:07:18,960
That turned out to
be a crushing blow,
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they just didn't have the money
to repair their laser light show.
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And that was supposed to
be kind of the central draw,
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the symbol of the whole park.
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Later other parts of the
complex suffered a similar fate.
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00:07:43,880 --> 00:07:45,840
Yet, this rusting frame
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00:07:45,880 --> 00:07:48,160
is all that remains of
the central restaurant
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after an unexplained fire.
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For some this
wasn't just bad luck.
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Bali is predominantly
a hindu island,
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and the balinese have
their own interpretation,
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spiritually and philosophically,
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of why things went
wrong at the park.
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The temple of the dead,
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00:08:21,200 --> 00:08:24,160
one of three types of
sacred temple in Bali,
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is typically dedicated to
Shiva, in the hindu religion,
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00:08:28,080 --> 00:08:30,800
the god of destruction
and the destroyer of evil.
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00:08:32,560 --> 00:08:34,920
But it wasn't only this
temple that was built over.
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For the local people
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building on sacred
land was a huge mistake
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00:08:59,600 --> 00:09:02,320
and could explain why
the park was struck down
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00:09:02,360 --> 00:09:03,880
in such dramatic fashion.
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Abandoned in the year 2000,
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the park has since
remained eerily silent
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00:09:28,080 --> 00:09:30,600
but many believe
that the spirits live on.
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There are lots of legends
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and cautionary
stories about this place
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so much so that people
just don't visit anymore.
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00:09:40,280 --> 00:09:41,400
The locals say
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that there are even
man-eating crocodiles
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on the loose.
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00:10:09,840 --> 00:10:12,280
With no plans to
demolish the complex,
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00:10:12,320 --> 00:10:15,720
the tropical forest is
claiming it for it's own,
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00:10:15,760 --> 00:10:18,680
yet the reasons behind
its untimely demise
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00:10:18,720 --> 00:10:20,400
are still heavily debated.
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00:10:22,360 --> 00:10:25,800
When you see something
built as recently as the 1990s
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that is today completely decaying
and in disuse and in disrepair,
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00:10:30,640 --> 00:10:32,336
there has to be have
been some hubris involved,
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00:10:32,360 --> 00:10:37,440
some massive miscalculation,
some misreading of the market.
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00:10:37,480 --> 00:10:39,680
Whatever your
personal beliefs about it,
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00:10:39,720 --> 00:10:42,760
when you add up
the financial crisis,
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00:10:42,800 --> 00:10:45,600
the failed launch, the
fire in the restaurant,
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and the catastrophic
thunderstorm,
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it seems that the odds were
just never in favour of this park.
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In Belgium, a series
of concrete circles
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hint at something
hidden from view.
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00:11:09,640 --> 00:11:15,160
These structures look almost
like landed flying saucers.
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00:11:15,200 --> 00:11:16,456
When you get
a little bit closer,
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you can see there are guns,
in fact there are lots of them.
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Venture below ground
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and the true extent of
this place becomes clear.
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There's a maze of
tunnels, it goes for miles
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and they are of really
strong reinforced concrete.
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Whatever this was, it
was absolutely built to last.
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00:11:34,120 --> 00:11:38,280
It's like you're going in
to a concrete battleship.
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00:11:38,320 --> 00:11:41,440
There are generators,
there are laundries,
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00:11:41,480 --> 00:11:44,880
there are kitchens,
there's everything you need
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to sustain people
living in closed quarters.
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One section suggests that
whoever was based here
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came under siege.
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The concrete has
been ripped away
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from the reinforcing bar, the
metal is twisted out of shape.
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00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:06,080
The amount of power and
blast and shock and heat
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00:12:06,120 --> 00:12:10,120
that was released
here was phenomenal.
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00:12:10,160 --> 00:12:12,160
This was the scene
of a pivotal moment.
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It sent shock waves
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rippling out from
Belgium across Europe,
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this would change history.
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On may 10, 1940,
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something really
incredible happened here.
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This like outnumbered, outgunned,
small German detachments
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00:12:33,080 --> 00:12:36,400
landed on top of
this state-of-the-art
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00:12:36,440 --> 00:12:38,680
20th century fortification,
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meant to resist the
onslaught of armies.
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And they took it,
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it was one of the
most audacious acts
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in military history.
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00:12:47,720 --> 00:12:50,360
It was deemed to be impregnable.
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It was the largest one
fortress from Western Europe,
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and it was taken in the
enemy hands in 36 hours.
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00:13:00,120 --> 00:13:02,960
Tom hendrikx is an
expert on this fortification
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and its pivotal role in
the history of the country.
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There wasn't an official
war declaration at the time,
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so everybody was so surprised.
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Construction here
began in the early 1930s,
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but after the world war I,
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Belgium had no
appetite to get involved
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in another devastating conflict.
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This place was
all about defence.
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00:13:31,960 --> 00:13:36,520
Belgium was ripped to
shreds in the world war I.
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The battle lines had been
drawn right through Belgium,
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00:13:40,560 --> 00:13:46,400
and the violence and
destruction bled Belgium dry.
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00:13:48,680 --> 00:13:51,640
In 1936 the Belgian
king announced
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00:13:51,680 --> 00:13:54,880
the country would remain
neutral in the event of another war.
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That absolutely did not mean
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00:13:58,360 --> 00:14:01,520
that Belgium was gonna
leave itself open to attack.
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00:14:01,560 --> 00:14:05,160
It focused instead on
defending very specific areas
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00:14:05,200 --> 00:14:08,560
that it thought would be
vulnerable to attack by enemy forces.
200
00:14:10,120 --> 00:14:12,840
With the German
border just 20 miles away,
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00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:16,000
a ring of forts had been
built around the city of liege.
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00:14:17,480 --> 00:14:21,320
Now, four new forts were added
to further protect the border,
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00:14:21,360 --> 00:14:23,680
the biggest was fort eben-emael.
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00:14:25,360 --> 00:14:27,160
Fort eben-emael was designed
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00:14:27,200 --> 00:14:31,640
to cover the critical Bridges
across the Albert canal,
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00:14:31,680 --> 00:14:34,240
which would be the German
highway in to Belgium.
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00:14:35,400 --> 00:14:37,680
They constructed this
fortress with everything
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00:14:37,720 --> 00:14:39,840
that they had learned
from the world war I,
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00:14:39,880 --> 00:14:41,840
the war that took
place in trenches.
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00:14:41,880 --> 00:14:43,240
And that's the reason
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00:14:43,280 --> 00:14:45,920
why they constructed
such a big fortress
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00:14:45,960 --> 00:14:48,320
with many barriers,
anti-tank ditches,
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00:14:48,360 --> 00:14:52,440
everything to prevent an attack
by infantry men or by tanks.
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00:14:54,280 --> 00:14:58,440
The total surface area is
approximately 185 acres,
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00:14:58,480 --> 00:15:01,080
yet much of this site
lies hidden from view.
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00:15:03,320 --> 00:15:04,360
Here we have arrived
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00:15:04,400 --> 00:15:06,760
at what they call in
French (speaks French)
218
00:15:06,800 --> 00:15:09,400
So it means in English
'the junction of the star'
219
00:15:09,440 --> 00:15:12,720
and it connects five galleries
of the fortress with each other.
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00:15:12,760 --> 00:15:15,720
Now, in total we have
here a gallery system
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00:15:15,760 --> 00:15:19,160
of 5 kilometres
inside of the fortress.
222
00:15:19,200 --> 00:15:22,480
The fort had all the
man power and supplies
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00:15:22,520 --> 00:15:23,560
to be able to hold out
224
00:15:23,600 --> 00:15:26,320
and defend this part
of Belgium for months.
225
00:15:26,360 --> 00:15:30,120
The planners had war gamed
every scenario they could think of
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00:15:30,160 --> 00:15:32,840
and they believed
it to be indestructible
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00:15:32,880 --> 00:15:34,640
and totally impregnable.
228
00:15:37,040 --> 00:15:38,720
Even by today's standards
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00:15:38,760 --> 00:15:41,880
the fire power held here
is seriously impressive.
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00:15:43,160 --> 00:15:46,680
Here we are at the largest
gun emplacement of the fortress,
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00:15:46,720 --> 00:15:50,960
like you could see it was equipped
with two barrels of 120 millimetres
232
00:15:51,000 --> 00:15:55,480
and it could throw a shell
for about 17, 17.5 kilometres.
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00:15:58,680 --> 00:16:00,640
With this range of 10 miles,
234
00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:04,920
these guns could fire two tonnes
of artillery rounds at any moment.
235
00:16:07,760 --> 00:16:10,720
So, why then did Hitler
choose to attack the fort?
236
00:16:11,960 --> 00:16:14,480
Belgium is sometimes
cruelly called
237
00:16:14,520 --> 00:16:16,360
the doormat of Europe,
238
00:16:16,400 --> 00:16:20,880
and that's because when
Germany wants to smash on the door
239
00:16:20,920 --> 00:16:22,120
to France,
240
00:16:22,160 --> 00:16:26,560
they stand on Belgium
in order to do it.
241
00:16:26,600 --> 00:16:28,600
France had its own
line of fortifications,
242
00:16:28,640 --> 00:16:30,080
an imaginary line,
243
00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:32,600
but that could be easily
got round by the Germans
244
00:16:32,640 --> 00:16:35,760
by simply going north
of it through Belgium.
245
00:16:35,800 --> 00:16:37,320
But fort eben-emael
246
00:16:37,360 --> 00:16:41,080
and it's formidable
arsenal stood in the way.
247
00:16:41,120 --> 00:16:43,400
The Germans
pondered this dilemma,
248
00:16:43,440 --> 00:16:47,920
how do we circumvent a fortress
as sophisticated as eben-emael.
249
00:16:47,960 --> 00:16:50,560
If we attack it in a
conventional way
250
00:16:50,600 --> 00:16:53,720
it'll be a frontal assault
against this entrenched artillery.
251
00:16:53,760 --> 00:16:56,160
It will be a really
attritional bloody battle,
252
00:16:56,200 --> 00:16:59,320
it will disjoint the
whole German war plan.
253
00:17:00,400 --> 00:17:02,080
So, they decided
to do it by stealth.
254
00:17:04,480 --> 00:17:06,640
Kurt student who
is one of the people
255
00:17:06,680 --> 00:17:10,720
who invented the idea
of German paratroops,
256
00:17:10,760 --> 00:17:16,240
decides the only way
to defeat fort eben-emael
257
00:17:16,280 --> 00:17:19,040
is to drop people
right down on the roof.
258
00:17:20,680 --> 00:17:23,880
This was the first time it had
ever been attempted in war
259
00:17:23,920 --> 00:17:28,280
and they weren't just going to
drop these men from normal planes.
260
00:17:28,320 --> 00:17:31,400
The Germans decided
to use a platform
261
00:17:31,440 --> 00:17:33,360
that the Belgians
would never suspect,
262
00:17:33,400 --> 00:17:35,640
instead of coming at
them clanking away
263
00:17:35,680 --> 00:17:38,920
and throwing up lots of
dust and smoke and noise,
264
00:17:38,960 --> 00:17:40,160
they would use gliders,
265
00:17:40,200 --> 00:17:42,720
they would land relatively
small detachments
266
00:17:42,760 --> 00:17:47,000
of German paratroops in gliders
on the roof of these fortresses,
267
00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:49,280
silently in the dead of night.
268
00:17:49,320 --> 00:17:51,000
The roof of the fort
269
00:17:51,040 --> 00:17:54,240
afforded only a very
short landing space.
270
00:17:54,280 --> 00:17:56,960
So, the pilots of the gliders
trained very specifically.
271
00:17:57,000 --> 00:17:59,600
They dropped the wheels
immediately after take-off
272
00:17:59,640 --> 00:18:01,800
and they had wrapped the
nose cones of the gliders
273
00:18:01,840 --> 00:18:03,960
in barbed wire and metal strips
274
00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:06,480
in order to make the
craft stop more quickly.
275
00:18:06,520 --> 00:18:09,280
And in practice they found
that they could stop in a space
276
00:18:09,320 --> 00:18:10,760
of just 20 yards.
277
00:18:13,600 --> 00:18:18,120
The 10th of may 1940, 4:25am.
278
00:18:18,160 --> 00:18:21,920
Under the cover of darkness
the silent assassins landed,
279
00:18:21,960 --> 00:18:23,360
armed with a deadly weapon.
280
00:18:24,920 --> 00:18:26,720
Each glider could carry a squad
281
00:18:26,760 --> 00:18:30,120
of seven or eight fully
armed and equipped men,
282
00:18:30,160 --> 00:18:32,160
but they were carrying
something new,
283
00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:33,840
the hollow charge,
284
00:18:33,880 --> 00:18:37,280
this was a dome shaped
explosive with a concave bottom
285
00:18:37,320 --> 00:18:40,640
that focused the blast
in one direction only.
286
00:18:40,680 --> 00:18:44,040
It was an absolutely
lethal bit of kit.
287
00:18:44,080 --> 00:18:47,800
The German paratroops
had trained on this for months,
288
00:18:47,840 --> 00:18:51,960
they were expertly trained
they knew exactly what to do.
289
00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:55,480
And swiftly and silently,
290
00:18:55,520 --> 00:18:59,120
they prepared to blast their way
291
00:18:59,160 --> 00:19:03,360
in to what was then one
of the biggest buildings
292
00:19:03,400 --> 00:19:04,640
in all of Europe.
293
00:19:05,800 --> 00:19:08,920
First they had to take
out the major case mates
294
00:19:08,960 --> 00:19:12,560
in order to immobilise
the Belgian guns.
295
00:19:12,600 --> 00:19:14,920
Here we are at
the masaryk-cowan,
296
00:19:14,960 --> 00:19:16,720
this case mate was attacked
297
00:19:16,760 --> 00:19:19,400
by a German group
of fallschirmjager.
298
00:19:19,440 --> 00:19:22,960
They placed the shape
charge of 12.5 kilograms
299
00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:25,560
and blew in this
whole gun inside
300
00:19:25,600 --> 00:19:29,800
against the back wall
of the gun room itself,
301
00:19:29,840 --> 00:19:32,400
so the power was very large.
302
00:19:34,640 --> 00:19:37,360
The Germans struck
multiple positions
303
00:19:37,400 --> 00:19:39,800
causing massive
destruction to the fort
304
00:19:39,840 --> 00:19:41,880
and enabling them to get inside.
305
00:19:43,160 --> 00:19:44,720
For the Belgian soldiers,
306
00:19:44,760 --> 00:19:48,960
inside there was
instant disorientation,
307
00:19:49,000 --> 00:19:54,840
for them they were in the
strongest, safest place in Belgium.
308
00:19:54,880 --> 00:19:58,760
There was no way any
enemy would be anywhere
309
00:19:58,800 --> 00:20:03,080
except in the sights of their
machine guns way outside.
310
00:20:05,360 --> 00:20:08,560
Now, the German paratroopers
had to contain the Belgians
311
00:20:08,600 --> 00:20:11,120
until reinforcements arrived.
312
00:20:11,160 --> 00:20:13,120
The battle itself
inside the fort
313
00:20:13,160 --> 00:20:15,160
was terrifying
for all concerned.
314
00:20:15,200 --> 00:20:17,400
They would drop explosives
and smoke grenades
315
00:20:17,440 --> 00:20:20,360
down the air shafts to confuse
the Belgians, keep them down below
316
00:20:20,400 --> 00:20:21,400
and disorganised
317
00:20:21,440 --> 00:20:24,360
and on the defensive
until help arrives.
318
00:20:26,080 --> 00:20:30,120
Seeing the tremendous damage,
the hollow charges could inflict
319
00:20:30,160 --> 00:20:32,880
and knowing the Germans
had back up on it's way,
320
00:20:32,920 --> 00:20:34,720
the Belgians
quickly surrendered.
321
00:20:36,600 --> 00:20:39,920
But the attack was all part
of an elaborate deception.
322
00:20:41,280 --> 00:20:43,120
German army group b
323
00:20:43,160 --> 00:20:46,840
was pretending to
be the armoured fist
324
00:20:46,880 --> 00:20:48,720
that was going to smash
325
00:20:48,760 --> 00:20:52,120
through northern
Belgium into France,
326
00:20:52,160 --> 00:20:53,720
and that was a trick.
327
00:20:53,760 --> 00:20:58,200
Army group b that was
smashing past fort eben-emael
328
00:20:58,240 --> 00:21:03,360
was distracting everybody
from the German army group a
329
00:21:03,400 --> 00:21:07,960
that was sneaking in to
France through the back door.
330
00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:10,440
Clearly, this was a
major victory operationally
331
00:21:10,480 --> 00:21:13,200
and it opened up the way
for Germany's blitzkrieg
332
00:21:13,240 --> 00:21:14,760
to roll across Europe,
333
00:21:14,800 --> 00:21:17,600
but more broadly it sent a
far more powerful message
334
00:21:17,640 --> 00:21:18,680
to the allies.
335
00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:22,840
Germany was saying it could take
out Europe's strongest defences,
336
00:21:22,880 --> 00:21:26,600
it was sending the simple message
that it was coming for the allies
337
00:21:26,640 --> 00:21:28,280
and it did.
338
00:21:28,320 --> 00:21:30,760
And one hesitates to give
Hitler credit for anything
339
00:21:30,800 --> 00:21:33,880
but there was a seed
of brilliance in this plan.
340
00:21:33,920 --> 00:21:36,480
Landing these
paratroopers on the roof
341
00:21:36,520 --> 00:21:40,240
and using this shaped charge to
blast a hole through the parapets
342
00:21:40,280 --> 00:21:43,080
and get down in to the
guts of the fortress quickly
343
00:21:43,120 --> 00:21:44,320
and contain the Garrison
344
00:21:44,360 --> 00:21:46,720
while relief columns
came up unopposed
345
00:21:46,760 --> 00:21:49,160
and reinforced
you, truly brilliant.
346
00:21:56,160 --> 00:21:59,680
Fortunately, Hitler's
plans eventually crumbled
347
00:21:59,720 --> 00:22:02,560
and Belgium was
liberated in 1944.
348
00:22:04,120 --> 00:22:06,720
But this fortress is
a painful reminder
349
00:22:06,760 --> 00:22:09,120
that when blood
wars came to Europe,
350
00:22:09,160 --> 00:22:11,520
Belgium was always
on the front line.
351
00:22:16,280 --> 00:22:20,160
In West Virginia, usa
lies a place so well hidden
352
00:22:20,200 --> 00:22:22,840
that for decades no
one knew it was there.
353
00:22:29,280 --> 00:22:30,360
You come around this bend,
354
00:22:30,400 --> 00:22:34,640
you see this grand sprawling
hotel in the classic style.
355
00:22:35,880 --> 00:22:40,000
There's this croqueted lawns
and very well tendered gardens
356
00:22:40,040 --> 00:22:43,360
and this majestic
looking estate building.
357
00:22:43,400 --> 00:22:45,800
It looks like one
of the most upscale
358
00:22:45,840 --> 00:22:47,960
resorts in america.
359
00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:52,480
This grand hotel attracted
movie stars and presidents.
360
00:22:52,520 --> 00:22:56,880
Joseph and Rose Kennedy,
honeymooned here from Boston.
361
00:22:56,920 --> 00:22:59,600
The Duke of windsor comes
here with Wallace Simpson,
362
00:22:59,640 --> 00:23:01,760
nehru comes here from India,
363
00:23:01,800 --> 00:23:03,760
and you've got all
manner of celebrities.
364
00:23:03,800 --> 00:23:07,840
There's nothing abandoned
or disused about this place,
365
00:23:07,880 --> 00:23:09,640
but it has a secret.
366
00:23:10,960 --> 00:23:13,040
It's almost imperceptible
367
00:23:13,080 --> 00:23:16,400
but there's something
strange going on here.
368
00:23:16,440 --> 00:23:18,680
You start to see things
which are a little bit odd,
369
00:23:18,720 --> 00:23:20,520
there's something
just not quite right here.
370
00:23:20,560 --> 00:23:22,920
It's not your average
five star hotel.
371
00:23:24,120 --> 00:23:26,160
You've got these green walls
372
00:23:26,200 --> 00:23:29,280
and it looks almost
like a garage door,
373
00:23:29,320 --> 00:23:30,656
but it doesn't fit
with the place.
374
00:23:30,680 --> 00:23:34,040
It looks armoured,
it looks fortified.
375
00:23:34,080 --> 00:23:37,280
There's ventilation shafts
that don't seem to be attached
376
00:23:37,320 --> 00:23:40,360
to the actual complex itself.
377
00:23:40,400 --> 00:23:45,120
And inside is a door that
no one wants to see opened.
378
00:23:45,160 --> 00:23:47,160
If this door was
actually being opened,
379
00:23:47,200 --> 00:23:49,560
it would mean many
millions of lives in the us
380
00:23:49,600 --> 00:23:51,760
would be in danger.
381
00:23:51,800 --> 00:23:54,520
What links this
ominous steel door
382
00:23:54,560 --> 00:23:56,880
to the incongruous
structures in the woods?
383
00:24:04,240 --> 00:24:09,440
Doctor Robert conte has worked
at greenbrier resort for 30 years.
384
00:24:09,480 --> 00:24:12,240
He's written the book on
the history of this place.
385
00:24:13,880 --> 00:24:16,080
The greenbrier hotel
has been here since 1913
386
00:24:16,120 --> 00:24:17,640
with lots and lots of additions.
387
00:24:17,680 --> 00:24:18,696
You can see over the years
388
00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:20,840
the hotel has expanded
with these banquet halls,
389
00:24:20,880 --> 00:24:23,960
then up on the hill is
the West Virginia wing.
390
00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:25,880
This was known for fine dining,
391
00:24:25,920 --> 00:24:28,240
was known for the New
York interior decorator
392
00:24:28,280 --> 00:24:30,160
who does the inside.
393
00:24:30,200 --> 00:24:33,960
You walk in to this place,
you know, it's chandeliers,
394
00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:37,440
persian rugs,
beautiful furniture.
395
00:24:37,480 --> 00:24:40,160
I mean, this place is
first class all the way.
396
00:24:40,200 --> 00:24:43,040
This now and has
been for generations,
397
00:24:43,080 --> 00:24:45,880
one of the finest
resorts in america.
398
00:24:47,160 --> 00:24:50,760
And this luxurious
interior is the perfect cover
399
00:24:50,800 --> 00:24:53,120
for an abandoned
underground site
400
00:24:53,160 --> 00:24:56,240
accessed by the
threatening out of place door.
401
00:24:57,720 --> 00:24:59,400
The chances of anybody
402
00:24:59,440 --> 00:25:03,280
stumbling upon this
were pretty remote.
403
00:25:03,320 --> 00:25:05,760
And behind the door
a deserted tunnel
404
00:25:05,800 --> 00:25:07,480
leads deeper underground.
405
00:25:08,520 --> 00:25:09,640
You're looking down
406
00:25:09,680 --> 00:25:13,000
a very long over
400 foot long tunnel,
407
00:25:13,040 --> 00:25:14,880
and it's pretty spooky looking.
408
00:25:14,920 --> 00:25:17,480
You don't know
where all this is leading.
409
00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:22,240
The date of construction
offers up a clue.
410
00:25:22,280 --> 00:25:25,560
1958, the height
of the cold war.
411
00:25:27,080 --> 00:25:30,680
It was very much built
within the assumption
412
00:25:30,720 --> 00:25:33,560
of a large scale war.
413
00:25:33,600 --> 00:25:35,800
You know, a whole
generation of Americans
414
00:25:35,840 --> 00:25:38,280
lived in fear of
nuclear armageddon.
415
00:25:40,640 --> 00:25:44,120
In the early 1950s
president Dwight eisenhower
416
00:25:44,160 --> 00:25:46,960
started to plan for a
doomsday scenario.
417
00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:49,880
Soviet nuclear attack on the us.
418
00:25:53,200 --> 00:25:56,200
When the greenbrier was
converted in to a military hospital
419
00:25:56,240 --> 00:25:59,280
during the world war ii,
eisenhower stayed here.
420
00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:02,480
When eisenhower
became president,
421
00:26:02,520 --> 00:26:04,920
he remembered this region
422
00:26:04,960 --> 00:26:07,960
and realised it might
be a good place
423
00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:09,720
for a special plan he had.
424
00:26:11,600 --> 00:26:13,040
Eisenhower saw the need
425
00:26:13,080 --> 00:26:15,880
for a top secret
anti-nuclear bunker.
426
00:26:16,960 --> 00:26:19,080
Who would suspect...
427
00:26:19,120 --> 00:26:21,240
A... a bunker prepared for war
428
00:26:21,280 --> 00:26:23,360
to be in a place
like this lavish resort.
429
00:26:23,400 --> 00:26:25,000
This whole hidden
in plain sight.
430
00:26:25,040 --> 00:26:27,360
That was probably the
cleverest of the whole project.
431
00:26:28,640 --> 00:26:32,080
But it had to be built
without anyone knowing.
432
00:26:32,120 --> 00:26:34,680
So, its construction
had to coincide
433
00:26:34,720 --> 00:26:39,160
with the addition of a wing
to the greenbrier resort.
434
00:26:39,200 --> 00:26:41,400
And while they were
placing this wing
435
00:26:41,440 --> 00:26:43,160
on the surface of the earth
436
00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:46,280
beside the greenbrier
resort, underneath
437
00:26:46,320 --> 00:26:48,600
they were building this
very secret construction.
438
00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:57,640
On the surface, work began on
the hotels new West Virginia wing
439
00:26:57,680 --> 00:26:59,880
but the cover story
didn't fool everybody.
440
00:27:01,480 --> 00:27:03,000
There was a hell
of a lot of concrete
441
00:27:03,040 --> 00:27:05,000
being poured in to the ground.
442
00:27:05,040 --> 00:27:08,800
Clearly something major
was being constructed.
443
00:27:08,840 --> 00:27:11,760
Of course, you can't
build something this big
444
00:27:11,800 --> 00:27:14,000
without people
asking a few questions,
445
00:27:14,040 --> 00:27:16,480
the manager of the
resort at that time said.
446
00:27:16,520 --> 00:27:19,400
But I just saw 110
urinals being installed,
447
00:27:19,440 --> 00:27:21,600
there's obviously something
else going on here.
448
00:27:23,040 --> 00:27:25,960
The construction
went over two levels.
449
00:27:26,000 --> 00:27:27,760
The walls were
some two feet thick
450
00:27:27,800 --> 00:27:30,040
with steel reinforcements
451
00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:32,400
and the whole lot was
capped with a concrete roof
452
00:27:32,440 --> 00:27:34,360
and then some
20ft of earth above,
453
00:27:34,400 --> 00:27:36,600
so the whole thing
was completely encased
454
00:27:36,640 --> 00:27:37,680
and hidden away.
455
00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:40,976
The bunkers were just about
where these buildings are
456
00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:43,320
where the fountain is
against the brick wall.
457
00:27:43,360 --> 00:27:46,600
It's really just on the other
side, there's only about 50ft of dirt
458
00:27:46,640 --> 00:27:49,320
between the bottom
of the oval building
459
00:27:49,360 --> 00:27:51,480
and the top of
the covert building.
460
00:27:51,520 --> 00:27:54,800
By 1962 the bunker was complete
461
00:27:54,840 --> 00:27:57,880
and unsuspecting
hotel guests had no idea
462
00:27:57,920 --> 00:27:59,640
what lay under these buildings.
463
00:28:01,360 --> 00:28:04,040
Out here on these terraces
there have been lots of parties,
464
00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:06,240
those people would never realise
465
00:28:06,280 --> 00:28:08,160
that underneath the
West Virginia wing
466
00:28:08,200 --> 00:28:09,320
is a secret bunker.
467
00:28:10,400 --> 00:28:12,320
It's very important to realise
468
00:28:12,360 --> 00:28:14,800
that this was just an
active hotel at the same time
469
00:28:14,840 --> 00:28:16,920
that this thing was
being maintained.
470
00:28:16,960 --> 00:28:19,440
The Ryder's cup was
held there of all things.
471
00:28:21,840 --> 00:28:24,760
The staff were
also kept in the dark.
472
00:28:24,800 --> 00:28:26,280
The secret of the
greenbrier bunker
473
00:28:26,320 --> 00:28:29,760
was so well kept that
employees that served there
474
00:28:29,800 --> 00:28:33,760
while this bunker was operational
they knew something was there
475
00:28:33,800 --> 00:28:35,520
but they had no
idea what it was.
476
00:28:36,600 --> 00:28:39,000
I must have walked
through this corridor,
477
00:28:39,040 --> 00:28:40,680
you know, thousand times
478
00:28:40,720 --> 00:28:42,120
and it never crossed my mind
479
00:28:42,160 --> 00:28:47,240
that there was, hidden behind
the wall was a ten tonne blast door.
480
00:28:47,280 --> 00:28:50,680
The only people who
knew about its existence,
481
00:28:50,720 --> 00:28:53,000
fewer than five people
in the us government.
482
00:28:53,040 --> 00:28:55,080
That's how secret it was.
483
00:28:55,120 --> 00:28:59,640
So, who exactly was
this vast shelter built for?
484
00:28:59,680 --> 00:29:02,560
Eisenhower, you know,
asked the question,
485
00:29:02,600 --> 00:29:06,560
"how do we maintain the continuity
of the American government
486
00:29:06,600 --> 00:29:07,960
"during a nuclear war?"
487
00:29:09,640 --> 00:29:13,160
If Washington DC was attacked,
there needed to be a place
488
00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:14,840
for law makers to retreat to.
489
00:29:16,400 --> 00:29:18,640
The idea was they could
lead the entire leadership
490
00:29:18,680 --> 00:29:23,320
of the us government underground
to survive a potential nuclear war.
491
00:29:23,360 --> 00:29:26,520
This was an emergency
relocation centre
492
00:29:26,560 --> 00:29:29,320
for the legislative branch
of the federal government.
493
00:29:29,360 --> 00:29:33,240
It was big enough to hold
the members of congress,
494
00:29:33,280 --> 00:29:36,640
the senate, and the house,
the leaders of government.
495
00:29:37,920 --> 00:29:40,000
Following a nuclear strike,
496
00:29:40,040 --> 00:29:42,440
the members of congress
would be bought here.
497
00:29:43,560 --> 00:29:47,000
If this door were to open
498
00:29:47,040 --> 00:29:50,520
that means catastrophic
has happened out there,
499
00:29:50,560 --> 00:29:53,000
it meant that the seat of
the federal government
500
00:29:53,040 --> 00:29:54,640
was under attack
501
00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:58,960
and hundreds of millions
of Americans are terrified
502
00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:01,880
because their lives are hanging
in the balance at this point.
503
00:30:03,560 --> 00:30:06,040
The congress people
who were to enter this now
504
00:30:06,080 --> 00:30:07,360
deserted Warren
505
00:30:07,400 --> 00:30:10,160
would have little
idea what lay ahead.
506
00:30:10,200 --> 00:30:11,440
Once you went through this door
507
00:30:11,480 --> 00:30:16,080
then you just entered
this long 433 foot tunnel.
508
00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:19,720
It's a long walk to find out what
the new world was gonna be.
509
00:30:21,240 --> 00:30:22,560
At the end of the corridor
510
00:30:22,600 --> 00:30:25,400
are the remnants of
a series of showers.
511
00:30:25,440 --> 00:30:28,040
This is a
decontamination unit here,
512
00:30:28,080 --> 00:30:29,840
so the water would
come out along here,
513
00:30:29,880 --> 00:30:31,640
couple of nozzles on top.
514
00:30:31,680 --> 00:30:34,040
And that's just so that
you don't bring the fallout
515
00:30:34,080 --> 00:30:37,560
from that contaminated dust
inside the bunker facility itself.
516
00:30:38,840 --> 00:30:40,240
Deeper inside
517
00:30:40,280 --> 00:30:42,760
the 100,000 square foot bunker
518
00:30:42,800 --> 00:30:45,800
was equipped with everything
required to govern the nation.
519
00:30:46,800 --> 00:30:48,216
This is where the
house of representatives
520
00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:49,240
would have met.
521
00:30:49,280 --> 00:30:52,360
So, altogether
there are 435 seats.
522
00:30:52,400 --> 00:30:55,160
And every one of them
would have had a microphone,
523
00:30:55,200 --> 00:30:58,360
so they would have recorded
all sessions of congress.
524
00:30:58,400 --> 00:31:01,600
And then the mountaineer
room with 130 seats
525
00:31:01,640 --> 00:31:04,440
that would house the
United States senate.
526
00:31:04,480 --> 00:31:07,240
They gave a lot of
thought to communications.
527
00:31:07,280 --> 00:31:10,640
They had extensive facilities
for radio and television,
528
00:31:10,680 --> 00:31:14,440
they even had a broadcast room
with a backdrop of the capitol dome
529
00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:17,200
so they could talk
to the public on TV
530
00:31:17,240 --> 00:31:19,200
as if they'd never
left Washington.
531
00:31:20,520 --> 00:31:22,560
The floor below
hid all the backup
532
00:31:22,600 --> 00:31:23,760
government would require.
533
00:31:25,640 --> 00:31:27,720
There were 18
dormitories altogether.
534
00:31:27,760 --> 00:31:29,680
There were 1,100 beds,
535
00:31:29,720 --> 00:31:31,640
every one of these beds
536
00:31:31,680 --> 00:31:33,520
was assigned to a
member of congress.
537
00:31:33,560 --> 00:31:35,536
And when they would go
through a re-election cycle
538
00:31:35,560 --> 00:31:38,120
or people retired
or died or whatever,
539
00:31:38,160 --> 00:31:39,960
they had to reassign
all these beds.
540
00:31:41,120 --> 00:31:45,640
And a clinic, 12-bed hospital
and pharmacy were also built
541
00:31:45,680 --> 00:31:47,560
in preparation for the worst.
542
00:31:49,120 --> 00:31:51,760
The greenbrier bunker
remained on high alert
543
00:31:51,800 --> 00:31:53,080
for 30 years.
544
00:31:54,200 --> 00:31:57,440
With the end of the cold
war in the early 1990s
545
00:31:57,480 --> 00:32:00,720
many in government
felt it no longer had a use,
546
00:32:00,760 --> 00:32:02,880
but nobody could agree
on what to do with it.
547
00:32:04,120 --> 00:32:05,920
If you wanted to
get something done,
548
00:32:05,960 --> 00:32:07,920
you leak it to the
Washington post.
549
00:32:07,960 --> 00:32:11,640
In 1992 the Washington
post ran a big article
550
00:32:11,680 --> 00:32:15,560
exposing the
existence of the bunker.
551
00:32:15,600 --> 00:32:16,600
Soon after that,
552
00:32:16,640 --> 00:32:18,960
the government began to
decommission the facility.
553
00:32:24,400 --> 00:32:27,480
The question of an
emergency government facility
554
00:32:27,520 --> 00:32:29,880
is no less relevant today.
555
00:32:29,920 --> 00:32:32,160
Is there a new greenbrier
underground bunker
556
00:32:32,200 --> 00:32:34,680
somewhere for congress to
go in the event of a nuclear war?
557
00:32:34,720 --> 00:32:36,200
And if so, where is it?
558
00:32:41,240 --> 00:32:43,560
In abu dis on the
edge of Jerusalem
559
00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:46,280
stands a monument
to a lost piece.
560
00:32:52,720 --> 00:32:55,400
It appears like it
was built recently.
561
00:32:55,440 --> 00:32:59,040
The stonework is all
clean and in good condition.
562
00:32:59,080 --> 00:33:02,320
But there are no windows,
there are no doors.
563
00:33:02,360 --> 00:33:04,320
It's clear that whatever
was started here
564
00:33:04,360 --> 00:33:06,200
didn't get finished.
565
00:33:06,240 --> 00:33:08,720
Inside it appears to
have been designed
566
00:33:08,760 --> 00:33:10,520
for a very specific function.
567
00:33:11,600 --> 00:33:15,040
And it kind of reminds you
of the Roman senate a bit.
568
00:33:15,080 --> 00:33:16,920
You can imagine
that this was a place
569
00:33:16,960 --> 00:33:20,120
where lively debate
was meant to carry on.
570
00:33:21,880 --> 00:33:26,120
Clearly, this place was meant
to be packed full of people
571
00:33:26,160 --> 00:33:29,120
and now it's deserted.
572
00:33:29,160 --> 00:33:31,240
Climbing through
the vacant floors,
573
00:33:31,280 --> 00:33:33,360
it's proximity to the holy city
574
00:33:33,400 --> 00:33:36,280
and it's troubled
history becomes clear.
575
00:33:37,560 --> 00:33:41,000
When you're looking
out these upper windows
576
00:33:41,040 --> 00:33:43,160
towards the old
city of Jerusalem,
577
00:33:43,200 --> 00:33:47,480
you can see a golden
dome, a dome of the rock.
578
00:33:47,520 --> 00:33:49,880
You can see the
separation barrier
579
00:33:49,920 --> 00:33:53,440
that divides Israel
and Palestine.
580
00:33:53,480 --> 00:33:55,280
It's hard to imagine
581
00:33:55,320 --> 00:33:58,480
that it wasn't somehow
connected to that conflict
582
00:33:58,520 --> 00:34:02,600
that has consumed
this region for decades.
583
00:34:02,640 --> 00:34:04,960
But why wasn't it ever finished?
584
00:34:10,240 --> 00:34:12,960
Ahmed qurei is the
former prime minister
585
00:34:13,000 --> 00:34:15,280
of the palestinian
national authority.
586
00:34:16,440 --> 00:34:18,640
It's designed in
a very good way,
587
00:34:18,680 --> 00:34:20,240
look, how beautiful it is.
588
00:34:21,760 --> 00:34:25,520
In 1992 mr qurei
travelled to Oslo, Norway
589
00:34:25,560 --> 00:34:28,880
for a series of secret meetings
with Israeli representatives.
590
00:34:29,960 --> 00:34:32,760
They led to the momentous
Oslo peace accords
591
00:34:32,800 --> 00:34:35,440
signed in September 1993.
592
00:34:39,040 --> 00:34:42,760
The accords created a path
towards palestinian self-governance
593
00:34:42,800 --> 00:34:45,120
in the west bank and gaza strip
594
00:34:45,160 --> 00:34:47,960
and laid the ground work for
a more permanent peace deal.
595
00:34:49,080 --> 00:34:51,880
The Palestine
liberation organisation
596
00:34:51,920 --> 00:34:56,240
was going to come
and take up governance,
597
00:34:56,280 --> 00:35:01,480
and instead of governance
by Israeli military authorities,
598
00:35:01,520 --> 00:35:06,200
the Palestinian Territories
would be governed
599
00:35:06,240 --> 00:35:09,040
by their own rulers.
600
00:35:10,800 --> 00:35:14,520
What had seemed like an
impossible quest for peace
601
00:35:14,560 --> 00:35:17,560
was now on the horizon.
602
00:35:17,600 --> 00:35:21,200
Out of that era-defining
deal came this,
603
00:35:21,240 --> 00:35:24,120
the palestinian
legislative council building
604
00:35:24,160 --> 00:35:25,480
or parliament.
605
00:35:25,520 --> 00:35:28,960
It was to become a centre
of palestinian democracy.
606
00:35:30,320 --> 00:35:32,200
The palestinian national council
607
00:35:32,240 --> 00:35:35,280
had been meeting
in exile for years,
608
00:35:35,320 --> 00:35:38,640
but now finally because
of the Oslo accords
609
00:35:38,680 --> 00:35:41,040
they could meet here
in their own lands.
610
00:35:42,120 --> 00:35:45,040
But deciding on the
exact location to build it
611
00:35:45,080 --> 00:35:47,600
was a deeply political decision,
612
00:35:47,640 --> 00:35:50,960
even within the
palestinian leadership itself.
613
00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:55,000
To this day it is Israeli
government policy
614
00:35:55,040 --> 00:36:00,400
that Jerusalem is
undivided capital
615
00:36:00,440 --> 00:36:02,160
of the state of Israel.
616
00:36:02,200 --> 00:36:04,480
And the problem is that
617
00:36:04,520 --> 00:36:08,360
the palestinian authority
is very unequivocal
618
00:36:08,400 --> 00:36:09,880
that from their point of view,
619
00:36:09,920 --> 00:36:15,000
Jerusalem is the capital
of a palestinian arab state.
620
00:36:16,440 --> 00:36:18,760
Some thought that
the town of abu dis
621
00:36:18,800 --> 00:36:21,440
could provide an artful
solution to this problem.
622
00:36:22,640 --> 00:36:24,360
The line declared by Israel
623
00:36:24,400 --> 00:36:26,360
as the municipal
boundary of Jerusalem
624
00:36:26,400 --> 00:36:28,240
runs right past the parliament.
625
00:36:30,680 --> 00:36:34,840
Abu dis was considered by
some of the palestinian authority
626
00:36:34,880 --> 00:36:37,360
to be part of Jerusalem.
627
00:36:37,400 --> 00:36:40,520
Whether by
accident or by design,
628
00:36:40,560 --> 00:36:43,200
part of the parliament
was actually located
629
00:36:43,240 --> 00:36:46,680
in the Israeli side of the line.
630
00:36:46,720 --> 00:36:51,440
It's impossible to say for certain
whether this was intentional
631
00:36:51,480 --> 00:36:54,720
but the symbolic
significance of it
632
00:36:54,760 --> 00:36:57,640
was hard to ignore.
633
00:36:57,680 --> 00:37:03,160
Construction began in 1996
this was a time of optimism,
634
00:37:03,200 --> 00:37:05,200
and the building
represented that.
635
00:37:07,120 --> 00:37:08,680
As construction progressed
636
00:37:08,720 --> 00:37:10,320
it seemed that this chamber
637
00:37:10,360 --> 00:37:13,520
would soon become a
place of lively political debate.
638
00:37:15,080 --> 00:37:17,320
I was the speaker
of the council,
639
00:37:17,360 --> 00:37:21,280
this is the plenary where
the meetings of the council.
640
00:37:21,320 --> 00:37:26,600
There are rooms for the
speaker, for the committees,
641
00:37:26,640 --> 00:37:30,240
and upstairs also
for the employees.
642
00:37:30,280 --> 00:37:31,840
Hundred and sixty-two seats
643
00:37:31,880 --> 00:37:35,200
were installed for elected
palestinian representatives.
644
00:37:35,240 --> 00:37:36,240
It certainly looked like
645
00:37:36,280 --> 00:37:38,280
it would have been
an impressive place
646
00:37:38,320 --> 00:37:39,960
to plan for the state's future.
647
00:37:42,280 --> 00:37:44,360
But as the imposing
concrete barrier
648
00:37:44,400 --> 00:37:47,680
that weaves it's way
past the building suggests,
649
00:37:47,720 --> 00:37:52,200
the peace deal and the parliament
were built on very shaky ground.
650
00:37:57,680 --> 00:38:01,160
Awad awad is a
palestinian photo journalist
651
00:38:01,200 --> 00:38:04,120
who witnessed the construction
of this important building
652
00:38:04,160 --> 00:38:06,600
and the events that
led to its demise.
653
00:38:18,800 --> 00:38:20,880
(People cheering)
654
00:38:20,920 --> 00:38:23,760
The Oslo peace accords
had provided a timeline
655
00:38:23,800 --> 00:38:25,280
for a more permanent deal.
656
00:38:26,760 --> 00:38:29,440
But while the parliament
was still being built,
657
00:38:29,480 --> 00:38:32,000
time to reach an
agreement was running out.
658
00:38:33,800 --> 00:38:37,480
It really all came to a
head in the year 2000.
659
00:38:37,520 --> 00:38:41,920
And there was an attempt
that July to broker a peace deal
660
00:38:41,960 --> 00:38:45,400
under Clinton's
oversight at camp David,
661
00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:47,760
but it just didn't work.
662
00:38:47,800 --> 00:38:51,320
Yasser arafat the
revered chairman
663
00:38:51,360 --> 00:38:53,840
of the Palestine
liberation organisation
664
00:38:53,880 --> 00:38:58,160
turned down an offer for a deal
665
00:38:58,200 --> 00:39:03,400
which would have given
him almost everything
666
00:39:03,440 --> 00:39:05,560
the palestinian
people had asked for.
667
00:39:06,800 --> 00:39:10,240
But almost everything
was not enough
668
00:39:10,280 --> 00:39:11,920
to reach an agreement
669
00:39:11,960 --> 00:39:14,440
and one of the key
reasons the talks failed
670
00:39:14,480 --> 00:39:16,920
can be seen from
this very office.
671
00:39:30,080 --> 00:39:31,320
Among other disputes
672
00:39:31,360 --> 00:39:33,280
the two sides
could not reconcile
673
00:39:33,320 --> 00:39:35,640
their conflicting
claims to Jerusalem
674
00:39:35,680 --> 00:39:38,680
and the holy areas
surrounding the al-aqsa mosque.
675
00:39:40,360 --> 00:39:44,040
And events there would
soon leave this building empty
676
00:39:44,080 --> 00:39:45,920
and cut off from it's future.
677
00:39:47,680 --> 00:39:48,680
Ariel Sharon,
678
00:39:48,720 --> 00:39:51,680
the Israeli leader
of the opposition,
679
00:39:51,720 --> 00:39:54,280
a hate figure across
the arab world.
680
00:39:55,800 --> 00:40:01,120
When he and a massive
Israeli security force
681
00:40:01,160 --> 00:40:06,280
walked on to the Plaza
at the al-aqsa mosque,
682
00:40:06,320 --> 00:40:12,120
he was putting up a finger
to the arab population,
683
00:40:12,160 --> 00:40:15,480
to the palestinian population,
to the Muslim population.
684
00:40:16,960 --> 00:40:19,680
Sharon declared
that the site home
685
00:40:19,720 --> 00:40:23,440
to some of the holiest places
in both islam and judaism
686
00:40:23,480 --> 00:40:26,520
would remain under
Israeli control forever.
687
00:40:28,480 --> 00:40:30,560
A wave of violence broke out
688
00:40:30,600 --> 00:40:32,960
which came to be
called the second intifada,
689
00:40:33,000 --> 00:40:35,720
where palestinian
suicide bomber attacks
690
00:40:35,760 --> 00:40:39,840
in Israeli cities and
Israeli military advances
691
00:40:39,880 --> 00:40:41,800
on to the west bank.
692
00:40:41,840 --> 00:40:44,920
Construction of the
building stopped,
693
00:40:44,960 --> 00:40:48,240
but then what happened
next sealed its fate.
694
00:40:49,640 --> 00:40:52,440
As the torrent of
violence raged on,
695
00:40:52,480 --> 00:40:54,040
Israeli forces moved
696
00:40:54,080 --> 00:40:56,880
to physically
separate the two sides.
697
00:40:56,920 --> 00:40:59,800
They maintained it was
necessary for security
698
00:40:59,840 --> 00:41:01,320
but it had another effect.
699
00:41:03,520 --> 00:41:07,280
The wall made of concrete
surrounded much of the west bank,
700
00:41:07,320 --> 00:41:10,680
and it cut the parliament
off from Jerusalem.
701
00:41:10,720 --> 00:41:14,240
You can see just how close
it runs to the building today.
702
00:41:15,640 --> 00:41:18,040
From the palestinian
point of view
703
00:41:18,080 --> 00:41:20,840
they couldn't put
their leadership
704
00:41:20,880 --> 00:41:23,520
in a space that was now cut off
705
00:41:23,560 --> 00:41:26,800
from what they thought of
as their capital, Jerusalem.
706
00:41:27,960 --> 00:41:33,560
That barrier is a
reminder of how little trust
707
00:41:33,600 --> 00:41:37,400
there can be between
these two nations.
708
00:41:38,560 --> 00:41:40,400
This building, which
was the product
709
00:41:40,440 --> 00:41:45,160
of this hard fought and
hard won peace process,
710
00:41:45,200 --> 00:41:48,080
was ultimately also
a victim of it's failure.
711
00:41:55,040 --> 00:41:58,400
Today, this forlorn ruin
has become a symbol
712
00:41:58,440 --> 00:42:00,160
of a more optimistic time.
713
00:42:01,400 --> 00:42:04,400
After decades of fighting
714
00:42:04,440 --> 00:42:09,720
this building showed that
peace might one day be possible.
715
00:42:09,760 --> 00:42:14,320
I think that peace is
always a possibility
716
00:42:14,360 --> 00:42:16,800
that the hope is always there
717
00:42:16,840 --> 00:42:19,240
as long as there's people
willing to hold on to it.
718
00:42:21,720 --> 00:42:25,000
And the parliament building
may yet play a different role
719
00:42:25,040 --> 00:42:27,000
in the future of Palestinians.
720
00:42:28,240 --> 00:42:29,560
Ownership of the building
721
00:42:29,600 --> 00:42:32,560
was transferred to
the al quds university.
722
00:42:32,600 --> 00:42:35,640
But since then they've
struggled to find investment
723
00:42:35,680 --> 00:42:37,000
to renovate the site,
724
00:42:37,040 --> 00:42:39,200
but they haven't
given up hope yet.
725
00:42:39,240 --> 00:42:43,880
So, who knows, one day this
place might get a positive use.
726
00:42:47,960 --> 00:42:50,320
(Theme music)
727
00:43:11,600 --> 00:43:14,600
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