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(Dramatic music)
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Narrator: An intriguing ruin
carved in to a sardinian cliff face.
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It's not only the fact this
tunnel sort of leads out to sea
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but it comes out
half way up a cliff.
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An eerie facility in the usa
with a gothic look and feel.
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Those gargoyles
are very strange.
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Almost like they're
guarding something
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or perhaps warning
people about what's inside.
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A top secret building in Japan
that may have called a nation to war.
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The units stationed there
burned all the radio transmissions,
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all the receipts, everything
else that was there
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so we have no paper record
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of what actually went
in and out of that place.
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And an extraordinary
underground labyrinth of tunnels
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in southern Ukraine.
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So, increasingly
disorientated underground
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these Russian secret police
begin to hunt each other.
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(Dramatic music)
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Decaying relics...
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..Ruins of lost worlds.
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Sights haunted by the past.
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Their secrets waiting
to be revealed.
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On the outskirts of
louisville, Kentucky
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perched on the top of a hill
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lies the battered shell of
a huge imposing building.
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It's not the kind of place you'd
stumble across by accident,
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it's pretty secluded.
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To get to the place
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you have to take
this long winding drive
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that snakes up the hill.
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At first sight there seems to be
more questions than answers.
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You can't really tell
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if this is the front or
the back of the building.
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How do you get in?
It's a bit disorientating.
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This rambling structure seems
to go on forever in every direction.
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While ominous looking
creatures gaze down from above
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inside there's an eerie
and confused picture.
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We have to ask why
are these abandoned?
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What terrible thing happened here
that makes people want to stay away?
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And how is it linked to a
modern day global pandemic?
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A three-storey solarium
dominates it's southern face,
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could that unlock the mystery
of this buildings original purpose?
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There would have been a bed
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pulled out in front of
every single open doorway.
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All the way down
and around this thing,
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across the whole back.
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Dale Clark grew up
just five miles away
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and has been showing
people around here
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for the last 18 years.
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Then there were usually
smaller children's beds
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shoved up against the
brick wall on the outside.
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And there was just a little path
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between the foot of
the beds over here
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and the side of
the beds over there.
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They spent a good chunk
of their time out here.
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It must have been
a very strange sight
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coming up that driveway
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and seeing all the
people out like that.
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But what were they
doing out there?
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It's not like there's a view
of the ocean or the river
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or anything like that.
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This is waverley hills,
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a 180,000 square feet facility
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built to house over 500 people.
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But here the devil
is in the detail.
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So, if from the outside
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it looks like maybe it could
be a fancy hotel or retreat,
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the inside has a
very different feel to it.
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There's not much left behind
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but there are odd bits
of medical equipment.
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This is not just a place of life
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here in the hills of Kentucky,
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what we're looking
at is a place of death.
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This is the morgue.
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We have no idea why
this room is so small.
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At the worst cases
a body an hour,
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this little room's going
to fill up very quickly.
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That's why there's a
maintenance department
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down the far end
of the building,
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that's four times
the size of this.
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It became the auxiliary
morgue during the worst of it.
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When you need to
have an auxiliary morgue
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you're taking a lot of bodies.
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Waverley wasn't alone,
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the body count was piling
up all over the United States
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and around the
rest of the world.
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It hit the us so badly
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that they had to form
a national committee
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to deal with the problem.
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A global pandemic
of this disease
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struck terror in to the
hearts of everyone.
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The disease was tuberculosis.
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Built in 1942 this was
more than just a hospital.
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You've also got dentists and
a barbers and even a gift shop.
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Patients are not just
here for a few days,
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the patients are
here long enough
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to grow their hair
long and get it cut.
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They need to function in this
place for the rest of their lives.
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Children that were
born in waverley
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had to be taken away
from their mothers
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immediately after birth,
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the risk of contamination
was that severe.
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And it gives you some sense
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of how long people
were confined here
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if they were having
children born here.
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The story of a
patient called Lois
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demonstrates the
heart-breaking realities.
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She was a mother of
two when she got here
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and if a patient
was doing better
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they would allow them
to go home on furlough
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and then have to come back.
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She came back
and it didn't go well,
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she had conceived a
child while she was gone.
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To our knowledge the only
time Lois ever got to see her son
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that was born here
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was standing in one of
these solarium windows
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looking at the road that ran
across the back of the building
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and somebody held him up.
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Patients need to be isolated,
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they need to be kept
away from cities and towns
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where they could cause
thousands of infections
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and thousands of deaths.
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It can survive in the air
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and it can attack any
organ in your body
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but it usually
goes for the lungs.
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The victorian name
for it was consumption
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because it consumes
your body from the inside.
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At one point across
america and Europe,
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one in seven deaths
were down to tb,
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one in seven people
died of tuberculosis.
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Jefferson county, Kentucky
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was one of the worst
hit places in the country.
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Fortunately waverley
hills Rose to the occasion.
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Waverley is as good as it gets.
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Here is a place where you're
going to be looked after by the best.
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If you're going to try
out a new procedure
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waverley was where you
were going to try it out.
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And they were really at the
cutting edge of tb treatment.
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But in the early 1900s
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the best tuberculosis
treatments were still experimental
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to say the least.
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Procedures we talk
about most of all in here
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are auto-pneumothorax
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which is basically where they
would let air in to your chest cavity
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and manually collapse
one of your lungs.
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It's very, very painful,
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they thought, mistakenly,
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that while the lung was collapsed
it would rest and heal itself.
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Medical science had not yet
learned how to deal with this disease
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and that the best way to heal
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was for the patient to
heal himself or herself.
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Aside from these procedures
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there were only three treatments
thought to be effective against tb.
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Fresh air, sunshine
and nutrition.
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This building has areas
purpose built for that.
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Here along these massive
balconies called solariums.
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These are the best
treatments they had
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but as we know from the number
of people that were dying here
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it wasn't really that
effective in the end.
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(Piano playing)
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There are hospitals today which
have a whole separate set of corridors
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for moving dead
people out of rooms.
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The solution here was
more direct, a body chute.
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It was not originally
built to be a body chute,
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it was built to bring up
building supplies and materials.
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All the mechanisms, machines,
the track and everything
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that was built to
bring bricks up,
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they just reversed it
and took bodies down.
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Bottom there
was a little building
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it was basically storage
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so they could either
be loaded into hearses,
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ambulances, train cars
depending where they needed to go.
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This is just a grim
form of architecture
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but totally necessary.
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And scrawling's on the walls
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serve as a reminder of the risks
taken by the staff who worked here.
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The employees were
the original graffiti artists,
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there's a lot of names
signed in pencil,
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quite a few of them are dated
and some of them are very old.
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Just to let themselves
know that they're still alive,
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that you know they came
and did a horrible job,
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took a chance on
getting deathly ill
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and a lot of them
you know, survived.
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(Ambient music)
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But in 1943
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a scientific breakthrough
meant the beginning of the end
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for the waverley
hills sanatorium.
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The antibiotic streptomycin
was developed,
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it was the cure the world
had been waiting for.
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Without streptomycin
or a similar antibiotics
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tuberculosis would still be a
plague even in the developed world
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where it's rarely seen.
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It's no longer needed
in the 21st century
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but it's such a
monumental building
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it has reinvent itself in
order to find a purpose today.
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Closed as a tb
sanatorium in 1961,
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waverly hills is now frequented
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by people looking for
something entirely different.
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If an unmerciful god allowed
the souls of the departed
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to roam the world
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then this is just the kind
of place people imagine
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unquiet spirits would be.
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A nurse who got pregnant by a
doctor who was married to someone else
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mysteriously was found
hanging out here in the hallway
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across from the elevator car.
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Just it right up there is
where she was found,
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was she just overcome?
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00:11:22,200 --> 00:11:25,480
Or a lot of people think that maybe
something more sinister happened.
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No-one will ever 100% for sure
know exactly what happened to her.
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(Dramatic music)
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For most of the world
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tb is seen as a
disease of the past
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but recent studies have suggested
that might not be the case.
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00:11:46,800 --> 00:11:51,080
The original strain they
can pretty much take care of,
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00:11:51,120 --> 00:11:54,000
the problem is there's
a new strain coming out
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that is very
antibiotic resistant
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and the old treatments
just aren't working.
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00:12:01,480 --> 00:12:06,440
Tuberculosis is nature
continuing to this day
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00:12:06,480 --> 00:12:11,920
to claw at human life and
to force us to fight back.
220
00:12:15,440 --> 00:12:18,800
Scientists across the globe
are racing to find treatments
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00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:20,680
for this new strain of tb
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00:12:20,720 --> 00:12:25,640
and entirely new viruses and diseases
that threaten a global pandemic.
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00:12:27,800 --> 00:12:32,720
It's almost like an arms race
with these terrible diseases
224
00:12:32,760 --> 00:12:36,760
and we hope that we're
winning but it's a close battle.
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00:12:37,840 --> 00:12:40,200
Despite their
devastating effects
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00:12:40,240 --> 00:12:45,360
these battles bring humanity
together in new and inspiring ways.
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00:12:45,400 --> 00:12:46,400
(Cheering and applause)
228
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(Dramatic music)
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00:12:49,840 --> 00:12:51,960
On the Italian
island of sardinia,
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00:12:52,000 --> 00:12:54,640
in the blue waters
of the mediterranean
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00:12:54,680 --> 00:12:57,880
an intriguing ruin
clings to a cliff face.
232
00:13:03,840 --> 00:13:06,920
You see this structure
that just boggles the mind,
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it looks like some
ancient building
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00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:14,720
but it starts maybe 100
feet up this rocky cliff.
235
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Has some of it fallen away?
236
00:13:17,240 --> 00:13:19,640
It's a really strange
juxtaposition
237
00:13:19,680 --> 00:13:23,000
from cliffs to something that's
almost like plastered on the side.
238
00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:26,280
Now it might look
on the face of it
239
00:13:26,320 --> 00:13:28,320
that there's been an
engineering catastrophe here
240
00:13:28,360 --> 00:13:30,480
and the cliff face
has fallen away
241
00:13:30,520 --> 00:13:32,960
but no, this is purpose built
242
00:13:33,000 --> 00:13:35,760
and what you see is what
you're supposed to see.
243
00:13:37,040 --> 00:13:40,840
Inside the full extent of
the complex is revealed.
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00:13:41,760 --> 00:13:44,360
The tunnel itself
is quite extensive,
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00:13:44,400 --> 00:13:46,720
it goes several 100m
into the mountain,
246
00:13:46,760 --> 00:13:49,000
you have to have a big incentive
247
00:13:49,040 --> 00:13:52,000
to blast your way
through such hard rock.
248
00:13:52,800 --> 00:13:55,320
Ultimately you see
there's two levels of tunnels
249
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and you can see that
there is a series of bins
250
00:13:58,840 --> 00:14:00,160
in between the two tunnels
251
00:14:00,200 --> 00:14:03,240
with some kind of gate
at the bottom of each bin.
252
00:14:03,960 --> 00:14:07,560
This is an amazing
site with great ingenuity
253
00:14:07,600 --> 00:14:10,920
and it really is what gets
people into engineering.
254
00:14:10,960 --> 00:14:13,040
You give someone a problem
255
00:14:13,080 --> 00:14:14,760
and with enough imagination
256
00:14:14,800 --> 00:14:17,200
they come up with
an amazing solution.
257
00:14:20,480 --> 00:14:21,480
(Dramatic music)
258
00:14:26,240 --> 00:14:30,280
Antonio littarru is an expert
on the history of this place.
259
00:14:31,240 --> 00:14:35,480
Even during the Roman
era, prisoners came here.
260
00:14:35,520 --> 00:14:38,320
They were doomed to work here
261
00:14:38,360 --> 00:14:44,800
and we have a particular
term "damnati ad metalla,"
262
00:14:44,840 --> 00:14:46,920
they were damned, condemned.
263
00:14:48,560 --> 00:14:51,960
And yet this structure
is far from ancient.
264
00:14:52,560 --> 00:14:54,960
It's not as old as
it looks actually
265
00:14:55,000 --> 00:14:58,560
and it's quite
beautifully engineered,
266
00:14:58,600 --> 00:15:00,920
this was not an
ancient monastery
267
00:15:00,960 --> 00:15:05,000
or some kind of strange castle.
268
00:15:05,040 --> 00:15:07,360
This was something industrial.
269
00:15:08,280 --> 00:15:10,280
A closer look at
the tunnel walls
270
00:15:10,320 --> 00:15:13,880
reveals the type of rocks
that are buried in the hillside.
271
00:15:13,920 --> 00:15:16,160
You've got rocks
that are very, very old
272
00:15:16,200 --> 00:15:17,616
and rocks that are
very, very young
273
00:15:17,640 --> 00:15:19,160
and all through
those different eras
274
00:15:19,200 --> 00:15:21,680
you get times when
you're having magma
275
00:15:21,720 --> 00:15:23,280
which causes mineralisation
276
00:15:23,320 --> 00:15:26,400
and causes things like
silver and lead and zinc.
277
00:15:27,960 --> 00:15:31,200
Along the coast
visible from this cliff face
278
00:15:31,240 --> 00:15:33,360
are the remains of
a sprawling complex
279
00:15:33,400 --> 00:15:36,920
that hints at an operation
on a truly industrial scale.
280
00:15:37,880 --> 00:15:42,120
You can see rail tracks,
huge storage chambers,
281
00:15:42,160 --> 00:15:45,640
all sorts of things going
on, on an epic scale.
282
00:15:45,680 --> 00:15:46,680
(Dramatic music)
283
00:15:47,360 --> 00:15:52,080
You're almost dwarfed by
these rusting bits of machinery
284
00:15:52,120 --> 00:15:55,040
and it's clear that
somehow this tunnel,
285
00:15:55,080 --> 00:15:56,600
these two places were linked.
286
00:15:58,400 --> 00:16:00,920
One of the biggest
challenges of mining here
287
00:16:00,960 --> 00:16:04,240
is getting the
ore off the island.
288
00:16:04,280 --> 00:16:07,280
For centuries there was
no real infrastructure.
289
00:16:08,040 --> 00:16:11,800
In the first part of
the 20th century
290
00:16:11,840 --> 00:16:17,160
the material was transported
by the so-called galanziere.
291
00:16:17,200 --> 00:16:20,680
They were basically like miners
that transported this material
292
00:16:20,720 --> 00:16:25,240
on their shoulders
in little basket cases.
293
00:16:26,400 --> 00:16:30,320
The lead and zinc ore was
hauled to the coast by ox and cart.
294
00:16:30,360 --> 00:16:33,000
As men and beasts
of burden alike
295
00:16:33,040 --> 00:16:35,920
toiled in the baking
sardinian sun.
296
00:16:35,960 --> 00:16:38,880
And from there things
only got even tougher.
297
00:16:41,320 --> 00:16:43,960
You have hard rock,
hard basement rock
298
00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:47,040
you often end up with
rugged rocky coastlines,
299
00:16:47,080 --> 00:16:50,200
cliffs, inaccessible areas,
300
00:16:50,240 --> 00:16:53,200
so they don't necessarily
lend themselves to big ports.
301
00:16:53,240 --> 00:16:57,080
Small boats transported the
ore to the nearest deep water port,
302
00:16:57,120 --> 00:17:00,520
that was 15 miles across
the treacherous open sea
303
00:17:00,560 --> 00:17:02,240
on the island of San Pietro.
304
00:17:03,960 --> 00:17:07,440
The area itself is quite
precarious in terms of weather.
305
00:17:07,480 --> 00:17:08,960
You've got the mistral winds,
306
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:12,400
these cold winds coming down
from the north west off France
307
00:17:12,440 --> 00:17:15,280
and you've got the (indistinct)
Winds that come in from the west.
308
00:17:15,880 --> 00:17:19,280
These boats can only
hold about six tonnes of ore,
309
00:17:19,320 --> 00:17:23,120
that's a remarkably small
amount, I mean that's really,
310
00:17:23,160 --> 00:17:25,720
that's just a few
wheelbarrows full of ore
311
00:17:25,760 --> 00:17:29,480
and they would load them
as heavily as they could
312
00:17:29,520 --> 00:17:31,480
so now you've got
this little open boat
313
00:17:31,520 --> 00:17:36,120
trying to get to a harbour
some distance away
314
00:17:36,160 --> 00:17:38,080
where it can be loaded
in to a bigger boat.
315
00:17:38,960 --> 00:17:41,920
It's full of rocks, these
boats sank all the time
316
00:17:41,960 --> 00:17:45,920
it was incredibly
dangerous, slow, inefficient.
317
00:17:45,960 --> 00:17:47,560
They're quite
precarious little boats
318
00:17:47,600 --> 00:17:50,560
so you can imagine you're
loading a boat full of rocks
319
00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:52,160
and then you're
trying to get it off,
320
00:17:52,200 --> 00:17:54,720
if you got bad weather those
boats could easily topple over
321
00:17:54,760 --> 00:17:58,040
and many did and many
people fell to their deaths.
322
00:17:59,560 --> 00:18:01,680
To solve this age old problem
323
00:18:01,720 --> 00:18:04,120
the mine owners turned
to venetian engineer
324
00:18:04,160 --> 00:18:05,520
cesare vecelli.
325
00:18:07,240 --> 00:18:11,040
And this guy was a real genius,
326
00:18:11,080 --> 00:18:13,600
one of those out
of the box thinkers.
327
00:18:14,280 --> 00:18:17,640
Vecelli spent a year
studying the problem
328
00:18:17,680 --> 00:18:22,800
and studying the geography
around the mine and the coastline.
329
00:18:22,840 --> 00:18:25,200
They found this
sort of wonderful site
330
00:18:25,240 --> 00:18:27,960
where a sea stack
was actually protecting
331
00:18:28,000 --> 00:18:30,560
the waterway between
the sea stack and the land
332
00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:31,720
and it was deep water
333
00:18:31,760 --> 00:18:34,640
so in principle you could
get big ships in there.
334
00:18:34,680 --> 00:18:37,760
But then your issue
was creating a port.
335
00:18:38,920 --> 00:18:42,040
Vecelli's solution
was porto flavia.
336
00:18:43,240 --> 00:18:46,600
Instead of taking
the ore to the ports,
337
00:18:46,640 --> 00:18:49,160
they would bring
a port to the ore.
338
00:18:51,160 --> 00:18:53,880
He said instead of
building something new
339
00:18:53,920 --> 00:18:57,960
why don't I use a structure
that's already there.
340
00:18:58,000 --> 00:19:00,640
Normally any mariner
looks at this coastline,
341
00:19:00,680 --> 00:19:04,440
looks at that cliff, this
is their worst nightmare
342
00:19:04,480 --> 00:19:09,200
and yet here they were
planning to turn this forbidding cliff
343
00:19:09,240 --> 00:19:11,200
in to a port facility.
344
00:19:12,240 --> 00:19:15,080
Construction began in 1923
345
00:19:15,120 --> 00:19:19,160
and the teams here worked
day and night for two years.
346
00:19:19,200 --> 00:19:25,160
Now all they had to do was blast
out thousands of tonnes of rock.
347
00:19:25,200 --> 00:19:26,840
They finally broke
through the cliffs
348
00:19:26,880 --> 00:19:28,680
and they could see the sea
349
00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:30,040
but they didn't stop there.
350
00:19:30,640 --> 00:19:33,240
And then here comes
the really scary part,
351
00:19:33,280 --> 00:19:36,000
they started hanging
out over the water,
352
00:19:36,640 --> 00:19:39,200
that way as they dug the tunnel
353
00:19:39,240 --> 00:19:42,320
they could just shovel all
the rock out in to the water
354
00:19:42,360 --> 00:19:46,280
and again they repeated the
process of drilling and blasting
355
00:19:46,320 --> 00:19:49,120
until they'd carved
out a parallel tunnel
356
00:19:49,160 --> 00:19:51,120
below the other one.
357
00:19:52,440 --> 00:19:55,320
The miners then dug
nine vast chambers
358
00:19:55,360 --> 00:19:57,720
connecting the two tunnels.
359
00:19:57,760 --> 00:20:00,960
The silos are huge, 20m high
360
00:20:01,000 --> 00:20:02,480
and between the nine of them
361
00:20:02,520 --> 00:20:05,880
they could hold up to
10,000 tonnes of minerals.
362
00:20:07,200 --> 00:20:09,000
This is the mechanism they used
363
00:20:09,040 --> 00:20:13,080
to open the higher
mouth of the hopper,
364
00:20:13,640 --> 00:20:15,360
you see right here.
365
00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:19,680
This opened and a lot of
material came down from above.
366
00:20:19,720 --> 00:20:23,360
Here once we had a moving belt.
367
00:20:25,160 --> 00:20:29,080
With the final machinery
installed, the system was complete.
368
00:20:29,680 --> 00:20:30,720
(Dramatic music)
369
00:20:30,760 --> 00:20:34,440
Electric trains from the mine
arrived at the upper tunnel
370
00:20:35,360 --> 00:20:38,840
where the ore was poured
into the nine huge silos.
371
00:20:39,480 --> 00:20:42,160
Meanwhile large
cargo ships waited
372
00:20:42,200 --> 00:20:45,000
in the calm waters
below porto flavia.
373
00:20:46,840 --> 00:20:48,080
In the lower tunnel
374
00:20:48,120 --> 00:20:50,480
the ore poured on
to the conveyor belt
375
00:20:50,520 --> 00:20:52,880
before a 50 feet
long retractable arm
376
00:20:52,920 --> 00:20:54,920
which extended out over the sea
377
00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:57,200
dropped it in to the
ships waiting below.
378
00:21:00,320 --> 00:21:02,560
At the end of that boom
379
00:21:02,600 --> 00:21:06,200
was kind of a rubberised
sleeve so as all those,
380
00:21:06,240 --> 00:21:08,280
that gravel and rock
was tumbling down
381
00:21:08,320 --> 00:21:09,816
it wasn't just going
to spray everywhere
382
00:21:09,840 --> 00:21:12,920
it was all going to go directly
into the hold where it belong.
383
00:21:13,520 --> 00:21:16,960
In fact they could turn round
one of these ships in two days,
384
00:21:17,000 --> 00:21:21,000
loading up to 500 tonnes
an hour directly in to the hold.
385
00:21:22,120 --> 00:21:24,320
So a really amazing
engineering feat
386
00:21:24,360 --> 00:21:26,720
and they used the
cliff and the geology
387
00:21:26,760 --> 00:21:29,760
and the whole
function of gravity really
388
00:21:29,800 --> 00:21:31,680
to aid them in that process.
389
00:21:32,600 --> 00:21:35,560
Porto flavia was a huge success.
390
00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:40,880
It slashed production
costs by up to 70%
391
00:21:41,920 --> 00:21:45,440
but increased efficiency
came at a price.
392
00:21:45,480 --> 00:21:48,080
It produced a lot of
wealth for the company,
393
00:21:48,120 --> 00:21:49,440
and for this reason
394
00:21:49,480 --> 00:21:53,080
a lot of the galanziere,
the workers there,
395
00:21:53,120 --> 00:21:54,440
lost their jobs.
396
00:21:56,040 --> 00:22:00,400
Global forces eventually put
an end to the ports good fortune.
397
00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:05,760
Sadly the company didn't
have that many years to enjoy
398
00:22:05,800 --> 00:22:08,640
the efficiency of their
brilliant engineering.
399
00:22:08,680 --> 00:22:11,840
At the end of the 1920s you
had the stock market crash
400
00:22:11,880 --> 00:22:13,040
and then the great depression
401
00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:14,840
then you had world war ii,
402
00:22:14,880 --> 00:22:17,800
it reopened for a few
years in the 1950s
403
00:22:17,840 --> 00:22:20,600
but by the 1960s there
were new efficiencies,
404
00:22:20,640 --> 00:22:21,920
new technologies.
405
00:22:23,040 --> 00:22:24,440
The last shipping occurred
406
00:22:24,480 --> 00:22:26,400
in may 1963.
407
00:22:26,440 --> 00:22:28,280
And since that day
408
00:22:28,320 --> 00:22:32,240
it has remained in
the memory of citizens,
409
00:22:32,280 --> 00:22:34,000
and miners, and workers.
410
00:22:40,040 --> 00:22:43,040
Porto flavia is now
preserved for visitors.
411
00:22:44,440 --> 00:22:48,000
It's both a testament the
vision of one great engineer
412
00:22:48,040 --> 00:22:52,000
and a tribute to the lives of
generations of sardinian miners.
413
00:22:53,240 --> 00:22:56,400
This port shows
engineering at it's best,
414
00:22:56,440 --> 00:22:58,240
you throw someone a challenge
415
00:22:58,280 --> 00:23:01,280
of how to get a huge
amount of material out
416
00:23:01,320 --> 00:23:03,240
when nature is against you
417
00:23:03,280 --> 00:23:07,120
and they came up with this
incredible imaginative solution.
418
00:23:08,680 --> 00:23:10,080
(Dramatic sound)
419
00:23:11,360 --> 00:23:14,360
On the banks of the black
sea in southern Ukraine
420
00:23:14,400 --> 00:23:16,280
is a port city founded
421
00:23:16,320 --> 00:23:18,040
by Catherine the great.
422
00:23:22,840 --> 00:23:28,000
The stylish architecture above ground
gives no clues to what lies beneath.
423
00:23:28,880 --> 00:23:31,640
Every so often you hear a story of
some young people who go down
424
00:23:31,680 --> 00:23:34,400
and someone gets lost and
doesn't make it back out again.
425
00:23:34,440 --> 00:23:39,000
Some researchers say that we
have approximately 800 accesses.
426
00:23:40,960 --> 00:23:43,040
These access points
range from the obscure,
427
00:23:43,080 --> 00:23:44,720
to the downright bizarre.
428
00:23:46,040 --> 00:23:47,760
When you look at this shed,
429
00:23:47,800 --> 00:23:50,080
it might just be some
kind of equipment shed.
430
00:23:50,120 --> 00:23:51,960
And then you go inside
431
00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:54,640
and realise it gives you access
432
00:23:54,680 --> 00:23:58,880
to the most incredible
underground labyrinth
433
00:23:58,920 --> 00:24:00,440
anyone has ever seen.
434
00:24:00,480 --> 00:24:02,320
It's absolutely quiet place,
435
00:24:02,360 --> 00:24:04,880
the silence is 100%.
436
00:24:04,920 --> 00:24:07,520
As soon as you
switch off your torch,
437
00:24:07,560 --> 00:24:10,000
then the, the
darkness is absolute.
438
00:24:11,240 --> 00:24:13,720
Few people walking
the streets of Odessa
439
00:24:13,760 --> 00:24:16,040
realise what lies
beneath their feet.
440
00:24:16,080 --> 00:24:17,480
As you go down,
441
00:24:17,520 --> 00:24:20,320
it's clear that it's not just
a normal set of tunnels
442
00:24:20,360 --> 00:24:22,520
it's actually much
more grand than that.
443
00:24:25,480 --> 00:24:29,040
They just don't understand
that they are literally walking
444
00:24:29,080 --> 00:24:31,560
above the underground city.
445
00:24:31,600 --> 00:24:35,720
It's the biggest such
system, in the whole world.
446
00:24:35,760 --> 00:24:39,320
A subterranean system
perfect for a criminal underworld.
447
00:24:40,640 --> 00:24:44,040
Yet it also served as the
city's last line of defence
448
00:24:44,080 --> 00:24:45,960
against an occupying force.
449
00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:49,840
A resistance movement, that
formed part of a horror story.
450
00:24:50,800 --> 00:24:54,760
So, month by month passed,
they began to get insane.
451
00:24:55,640 --> 00:24:58,360
Increasingly
disoriented underground.
452
00:24:58,960 --> 00:25:01,960
These Russian secret police...
453
00:25:02,760 --> 00:25:04,520
..Begin to hunt each other.
454
00:25:05,360 --> 00:25:06,720
(Eerie music)
455
00:25:09,920 --> 00:25:12,560
The city of Odessa
owes it's very existence,
456
00:25:12,600 --> 00:25:15,160
to one of the world's
most iconic female leaders.
457
00:25:16,480 --> 00:25:19,040
The Russian empress
Catherine the great.
458
00:25:19,680 --> 00:25:22,920
Wanted to build a new port city.
459
00:25:23,600 --> 00:25:27,000
In order to open up the
south of Russia to commerce.
460
00:25:28,080 --> 00:25:30,000
A mighty port.
461
00:25:30,720 --> 00:25:32,520
Where the three great rivers
462
00:25:32,560 --> 00:25:34,960
of Eastern Europe came together.
463
00:25:35,000 --> 00:25:37,280
The bug, the dnister
464
00:25:37,320 --> 00:25:39,480
and the danube.
465
00:25:39,520 --> 00:25:43,240
They desperately wanted
access to a port on the black sea
466
00:25:43,280 --> 00:25:45,920
and via that, the mediterranean
467
00:25:45,960 --> 00:25:47,920
and the rest of the world.
468
00:25:48,880 --> 00:25:50,600
In 1794,
469
00:25:50,640 --> 00:25:53,400
Catherine approved
funding for Odessa
470
00:25:53,440 --> 00:25:56,320
which soon became a
Russian trading super hub.
471
00:25:57,000 --> 00:26:00,080
So, Odessa went from being a...
472
00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:04,760
..Basically a village to a
large city almost overnight.
473
00:26:04,800 --> 00:26:06,400
They had a problem though,
474
00:26:06,440 --> 00:26:08,920
in this area there
aren't a lot of trees.
475
00:26:08,960 --> 00:26:10,840
It's grasslands
476
00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:12,600
and farms.
477
00:26:12,640 --> 00:26:13,960
So, for building materials
478
00:26:14,000 --> 00:26:16,360
they turned to the local stone.
479
00:26:16,400 --> 00:26:20,400
And luckily they were sitting
on a particular type of limestone
480
00:26:20,440 --> 00:26:22,960
which is very, very good
for making buildings out of.
481
00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:24,800
So, they used the geology
482
00:26:24,840 --> 00:26:26,600
of the rocks beneath their feet.
483
00:26:29,120 --> 00:26:33,200
This gave birth to a subterranean
world that pavel zagnyboroda,
484
00:26:33,240 --> 00:26:34,960
now explores for a living.
485
00:26:36,920 --> 00:26:38,960
Local authorities they try
486
00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:41,960
to control it somehow but
it's almost impossible really.
487
00:26:42,520 --> 00:26:44,200
No mobile phone connection,
488
00:26:44,240 --> 00:26:45,760
no radio communication.
489
00:26:46,480 --> 00:26:48,960
No GPS signal reaches that deep
490
00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:51,320
so, you can rely
only on yourself,
491
00:26:51,360 --> 00:26:53,040
on your own knowledge.
492
00:26:53,960 --> 00:26:55,920
Yet even he may never understand
493
00:26:55,960 --> 00:26:57,520
the full extent of this system.
494
00:26:58,880 --> 00:27:00,280
No-one's really sure.
495
00:27:00,320 --> 00:27:04,240
But one estimate is that there's
about 1,500 miles of tunnels.
496
00:27:05,040 --> 00:27:07,080
Now if you, if you
put that in to context,
497
00:27:07,120 --> 00:27:10,320
Paris has got about 150
- 200 miles of tunnels.
498
00:27:10,360 --> 00:27:12,240
Rome maybe about 300 miles
499
00:27:12,280 --> 00:27:16,240
so, it's three times both
Rome and Paris combined.
500
00:27:16,280 --> 00:27:18,040
The layout of these tunnels
501
00:27:18,080 --> 00:27:20,480
is extraordinarily complex.
502
00:27:20,520 --> 00:27:24,920
And it's not just on one level,
they go down on multiple levels.
503
00:27:24,960 --> 00:27:27,320
So you've got a
kind of complexity
504
00:27:27,360 --> 00:27:30,000
in terms of the different
types of rooms and corridors.
505
00:27:30,040 --> 00:27:31,560
But also it's multi-tiered,
506
00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:33,536
it's actually on different levels,
they've used different parts
507
00:27:33,560 --> 00:27:35,120
of the geology
in different ways.
508
00:27:35,160 --> 00:27:38,040
It really is a labyrinth
underneath the city.
509
00:27:39,040 --> 00:27:41,160
You can imagine how
someone could become...
510
00:27:41,920 --> 00:27:43,640
..Dangerously lost down here.
511
00:27:43,680 --> 00:27:46,680
But also how someone who
really understands the network
512
00:27:46,720 --> 00:27:50,000
and knows their way around,
could use it to their advantage.
513
00:27:51,680 --> 00:27:55,360
And in the city's darkest hour
this world beneath the surface,
514
00:27:55,400 --> 00:27:57,400
would offer a glimmer of hope.
515
00:27:58,000 --> 00:28:01,320
During world war two the Romanians
were allied with the Germans
516
00:28:01,360 --> 00:28:05,120
and they attacked Odessa
and took it over in 1941.
517
00:28:05,160 --> 00:28:07,160
The Soviets pulled out,
518
00:28:07,200 --> 00:28:09,000
but they actually left behind
519
00:28:09,040 --> 00:28:12,320
some secret what you
might call like special forces.
520
00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:15,920
A group of Soviet secret police.
521
00:28:16,480 --> 00:28:19,400
A group of the
chequer from Moscow.
522
00:28:20,080 --> 00:28:22,960
And another group
from the Odessa office
523
00:28:23,000 --> 00:28:25,360
are sent down in
to the catacombs.
524
00:28:25,400 --> 00:28:26,920
At the head of these units
525
00:28:26,960 --> 00:28:29,920
were major's
kuznetsov and colossian
526
00:28:29,960 --> 00:28:32,960
and pavel has discovered
signs of their time here.
527
00:28:34,000 --> 00:28:35,880
Kuznetsov and colossian.
528
00:28:35,920 --> 00:28:40,280
These group was exactly
here, we found some bullets,
529
00:28:40,320 --> 00:28:44,560
some batteries for radio
station, some guns as well.
530
00:28:44,600 --> 00:28:49,040
They were well trained and
prepared to act as a partisan.
531
00:28:49,080 --> 00:28:52,520
So, they had
water, food, guns...
532
00:28:53,760 --> 00:28:55,160
..Explosives,
533
00:28:55,200 --> 00:28:58,880
mines whatever they needed
for a long time to stay here.
534
00:28:59,480 --> 00:29:04,160
But they weren't prepared
for the psychological challenge,
535
00:29:04,200 --> 00:29:06,240
the isolation, the darkness.
536
00:29:06,280 --> 00:29:07,920
You know we hear about people
537
00:29:07,960 --> 00:29:11,640
on polar expeditions
who really struggled.
538
00:29:11,680 --> 00:29:13,720
Imagine if you're down
in a tunnel for six months
539
00:29:13,760 --> 00:29:15,320
without seeing the sun,
540
00:29:15,360 --> 00:29:17,960
maybe only able to light
a candle once in a while.
541
00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:21,360
Some of the men turned
violent, perhaps suicidal.
542
00:29:22,880 --> 00:29:25,280
They also had to
contend with the invaders
543
00:29:25,320 --> 00:29:27,600
using poison gas
in the catacombs
544
00:29:27,640 --> 00:29:29,040
and sealing exits
545
00:29:29,080 --> 00:29:32,080
in an effort to trap and
smoke out the rebels.
546
00:29:33,960 --> 00:29:37,120
Here, danger lurked
around every corner.
547
00:29:38,680 --> 00:29:42,200
Of course partisans are
always vulnerable you know,
548
00:29:42,240 --> 00:29:45,200
it just takes one person
spilling the secret.
549
00:29:46,640 --> 00:29:48,720
Along with kuznetsov
550
00:29:48,760 --> 00:29:51,200
is evgenia (indistinct).
551
00:29:51,240 --> 00:29:53,960
And she is a traitor.
552
00:29:55,960 --> 00:29:58,920
(Indistinct) A member
of the surface team
553
00:29:58,960 --> 00:30:00,560
betrayed her unit.
554
00:30:00,600 --> 00:30:02,360
She turned informer
555
00:30:02,400 --> 00:30:05,800
telling the Romanian security
forces everything she knew.
556
00:30:08,040 --> 00:30:10,800
We don't know why she did
this, she betrayed all of them.
557
00:30:10,840 --> 00:30:14,040
First of all they arrested all
13 people in the city of course
558
00:30:14,080 --> 00:30:17,600
and then they blocked all the
exits for this underground team.
559
00:30:18,240 --> 00:30:20,720
But evgenia
(indistinct) Betrayals
560
00:30:20,760 --> 00:30:23,560
were eventually discovered
by her compatriots.
561
00:30:24,320 --> 00:30:29,560
So, she is put on trial in a
brief informal people's trial
562
00:30:29,600 --> 00:30:32,600
and put up against the
walls of the catacombs
563
00:30:32,640 --> 00:30:34,440
and she's shot dead.
564
00:30:34,480 --> 00:30:36,000
(Gunshot)
565
00:30:37,840 --> 00:30:39,480
But now,
566
00:30:39,520 --> 00:30:43,080
the two groups of
communist partisans
567
00:30:43,120 --> 00:30:45,840
mistrust each other fatally.
568
00:30:46,400 --> 00:30:48,840
They began to get insane.
569
00:30:48,880 --> 00:30:51,400
So, they really
got absolutely mad
570
00:30:51,440 --> 00:30:55,680
after approximately ten month,
they begin killing each other.
571
00:30:55,720 --> 00:30:57,120
(Dramatic fast music)
572
00:30:58,080 --> 00:31:01,240
The two of them,
hunt each other...
573
00:31:02,200 --> 00:31:04,760
..In a silent vendetta.
574
00:31:05,480 --> 00:31:09,840
And in the end none
of the Soviet partisans,
575
00:31:09,880 --> 00:31:13,160
emerges from the
catacombs alive.
576
00:31:14,960 --> 00:31:18,520
Having dispatched colossian
and his Moscow team.
577
00:31:18,560 --> 00:31:21,720
Kuznetsov had finally been
killed by one of his own men.
578
00:31:22,320 --> 00:31:24,920
But declassified documents
579
00:31:24,960 --> 00:31:28,440
later revealed that one man
did survive to tell the tale.
580
00:31:30,040 --> 00:31:33,160
So, he came to a security
services of Soviet army
581
00:31:33,200 --> 00:31:35,320
and they came here.
582
00:31:35,360 --> 00:31:37,640
And so he showed
them everything.
583
00:31:38,800 --> 00:31:41,640
And they just showed him
death in his back right here.
584
00:31:42,440 --> 00:31:45,800
On the third day after
the liberation of the city
585
00:31:45,840 --> 00:31:47,960
he was killed by his own people,
586
00:31:48,000 --> 00:31:52,760
after three years of this
terrible hell underground.
587
00:31:56,080 --> 00:31:58,480
And so, the last
living eye witness
588
00:31:58,520 --> 00:32:01,160
to this horrific tragedy
had been removed.
589
00:32:02,040 --> 00:32:03,840
It appears that the Soviets
590
00:32:03,880 --> 00:32:05,600
were not about to
allow the reputations
591
00:32:05,640 --> 00:32:07,640
of their heroic
resistance fighters,
592
00:32:07,680 --> 00:32:10,440
to be tarnished by the
realities of the story.
593
00:32:11,560 --> 00:32:13,080
Because for propaganda
594
00:32:13,120 --> 00:32:15,360
they needed absolutely
a different story.
595
00:32:15,400 --> 00:32:18,440
It may seem that they all,
596
00:32:18,480 --> 00:32:20,320
all these people,
all these partisans
597
00:32:20,360 --> 00:32:22,680
they died for nothing.
598
00:32:22,720 --> 00:32:24,240
Like in, completely in vain.
599
00:32:24,280 --> 00:32:26,040
But it's not true
600
00:32:26,080 --> 00:32:28,920
because Romanians
they didn't know
601
00:32:28,960 --> 00:32:33,040
how many exactly there were
partisans hiding underground.
602
00:32:35,120 --> 00:32:37,000
Tens of thousands of troops
603
00:32:37,040 --> 00:32:39,040
were stationed here
throughout the war
604
00:32:39,080 --> 00:32:42,400
to save the city from
their unseen enemy below.
605
00:32:43,080 --> 00:32:47,400
I think that it was
this huge contribution
606
00:32:47,440 --> 00:32:50,080
of these partisans
in to the victory.
607
00:32:50,920 --> 00:32:52,240
(Eerie sound)
608
00:32:58,120 --> 00:33:01,040
Pavel now runs part of the
catacombs as a museum.
609
00:33:02,000 --> 00:33:04,160
Bringing centuries
of history to life.
610
00:33:05,000 --> 00:33:08,480
From the city's birth
through piracy and smuggling
611
00:33:08,520 --> 00:33:12,080
right up to the nuclear
bunkers of the cold war.
612
00:33:15,080 --> 00:33:18,280
On the edge of a bay in
the south west of Japan,
613
00:33:18,320 --> 00:33:22,280
is a complex that's been
towering over the land for decades.
614
00:33:23,040 --> 00:33:24,320
(Dramatic sound)
615
00:33:29,120 --> 00:33:30,960
This is set in
beautiful landscape,
616
00:33:31,000 --> 00:33:34,920
there's water and trees everywhere
and then right in front of you
617
00:33:34,960 --> 00:33:37,960
these three huge
towers are just there.
618
00:33:38,560 --> 00:33:40,280
They're massive.
619
00:33:40,320 --> 00:33:42,720
We're looking
at a really tall...
620
00:33:42,760 --> 00:33:45,720
..Four-500 foot high towers.
621
00:33:45,760 --> 00:33:51,000
Very slender tapering upward,
like almost like concrete needles.
622
00:33:51,040 --> 00:33:53,160
They look almost
like smoke stacks.
623
00:33:54,200 --> 00:33:56,040
If you can take a
peek inside the tower
624
00:33:56,080 --> 00:34:00,560
you see a long, precarious
looking metal ladder
625
00:34:00,600 --> 00:34:01,960
going up to the top.
626
00:34:02,000 --> 00:34:03,960
Whoever had the job
of climbing that ladder
627
00:34:04,000 --> 00:34:06,400
certainly didn't
suffer from vertigo.
628
00:34:06,960 --> 00:34:08,560
The fact that
there's three of them
629
00:34:08,600 --> 00:34:11,680
it makes you question why
wasn't one good enough?
630
00:34:11,720 --> 00:34:13,840
Why did there need to be three?
631
00:34:14,760 --> 00:34:16,600
Only when it's
viewed from above,
632
00:34:16,640 --> 00:34:18,080
is that question answered.
633
00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:21,480
They form a perfect
equilateral triangle
634
00:34:21,520 --> 00:34:24,120
and then at the
centre of this triangle
635
00:34:24,160 --> 00:34:25,960
is some sort of a building.
636
00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:27,480
It's so overgrown,
637
00:34:27,520 --> 00:34:29,560
it's been forgotten,
638
00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:31,920
that building has been
completely wrapped up
639
00:34:31,960 --> 00:34:35,000
by the plants and
trees that surround it.
640
00:34:35,040 --> 00:34:37,200
Inside the building
there's not much there,
641
00:34:37,240 --> 00:34:39,456
clearly this was an important
installation of some sort
642
00:34:39,480 --> 00:34:43,920
but when it shut down whatever
was there got taken away.
643
00:34:45,000 --> 00:34:46,280
The complex is linked
644
00:34:46,320 --> 00:34:48,960
to the gravest military
disasters in u.S history.
645
00:34:49,000 --> 00:34:50,600
(Suspenseful music)
646
00:34:52,960 --> 00:34:55,520
But the bare rooms in
the hollowed out towers
647
00:34:55,560 --> 00:34:57,560
paint an incomplete picture.
648
00:35:00,320 --> 00:35:01,840
Whatever these
towers were built for
649
00:35:01,880 --> 00:35:04,120
you don't see a
lot of infrastructure,
650
00:35:04,160 --> 00:35:06,720
there's no lights or
cables or other things,
651
00:35:06,760 --> 00:35:10,040
is there some other piece of
the puzzle that's missing here?
652
00:35:12,120 --> 00:35:13,480
(Drumming music)
653
00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:17,920
Dating back to 1918.
654
00:35:18,520 --> 00:35:21,960
The towers have stood guard
over the site for more than a century
655
00:35:22,000 --> 00:35:25,000
thanks largely to their
once cutting edge design.
656
00:35:27,920 --> 00:35:30,040
Hideaki matsuo is a historian
657
00:35:30,080 --> 00:35:32,360
with a deep knowledge
of their construction.
658
00:35:34,880 --> 00:35:36,176
Translation: "If you
head to the back
659
00:35:36,200 --> 00:35:37,920
"you can see the
lines in the wall,
660
00:35:37,960 --> 00:35:40,280
"each layer is
four-and-a-half feet tall.
661
00:35:41,880 --> 00:35:44,760
"After the first layer you have
to wait for another two days
662
00:35:44,800 --> 00:35:47,120
"before you can add
another one on top.
663
00:35:47,920 --> 00:35:49,760
"And after completing 100 layers
664
00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:53,040
"this 446 foot
tower was finished."
665
00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:01,240
The decision to build the
tower with reinforced concrete
666
00:36:01,280 --> 00:36:05,200
despite the high costs and
the slow rate of progress
667
00:36:05,240 --> 00:36:08,960
indicates how important it was to
get the construction exactly right.
668
00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:11,120
It took four years to build this
669
00:36:11,160 --> 00:36:12,880
at a cost in todays dollars,
670
00:36:12,920 --> 00:36:15,160
of nearly $15 million
671
00:36:15,200 --> 00:36:16,920
which speaks to
the sophistication
672
00:36:16,960 --> 00:36:18,640
of the technology employed.
673
00:36:18,680 --> 00:36:19,920
(Dramatic music)
674
00:36:21,880 --> 00:36:24,960
Looking like an industrial
chimney from the outside,
675
00:36:25,000 --> 00:36:27,800
the central winch system
shows that this was really
676
00:36:27,840 --> 00:36:29,640
all about reaching new heights.
677
00:36:35,320 --> 00:36:38,080
Translation: "When you go
to the back there is a ladder.
678
00:36:39,000 --> 00:36:40,560
"It's the original one
679
00:36:40,600 --> 00:36:43,200
"and there are 550
steps to the top.
680
00:36:45,320 --> 00:36:47,640
"To reach the top
takes 55 minutes
681
00:36:47,680 --> 00:36:49,960
"and you have to keep
climbing without a break.
682
00:36:52,720 --> 00:36:54,720
"There is nowhere
to rest in between,
683
00:36:54,760 --> 00:36:57,040
"it is quite a hard
climb and it's slow.
684
00:36:57,080 --> 00:36:58,720
(Eerie music)
685
00:37:02,520 --> 00:37:04,880
Today an aircraft warning light
686
00:37:04,920 --> 00:37:06,840
sits on top of each tower.
687
00:37:06,880 --> 00:37:10,200
But years ago, there was some
very different equipment here.
688
00:37:12,840 --> 00:37:15,360
What's missing from the
structures today are the aerials
689
00:37:15,400 --> 00:37:18,080
which were in the
form of triangular frames
690
00:37:18,120 --> 00:37:20,520
and they would have sat
on the top of the towers.
691
00:37:20,560 --> 00:37:22,520
Between the towers
were connecting wires
692
00:37:22,560 --> 00:37:25,320
and that linked all of
them so they became one.
693
00:37:26,080 --> 00:37:31,200
Together they were used to transmit
radio signals over great distances.
694
00:37:31,240 --> 00:37:33,800
Radio waves come in
a range of wave lengths
695
00:37:33,840 --> 00:37:37,400
from very short ones
to very long ones.
696
00:37:37,440 --> 00:37:42,040
And it's the long waves that
most easily travel long distances
697
00:37:42,080 --> 00:37:44,160
but to create a long radio wave
698
00:37:44,200 --> 00:37:46,240
you need a very big antenna.
699
00:37:48,000 --> 00:37:51,880
The towers were part of the
hario wireless telegraph station.
700
00:37:52,640 --> 00:37:56,520
They were designed to remedy a
long standing and costly problem.
701
00:37:56,560 --> 00:37:57,920
(Dramatic music)
702
00:38:00,000 --> 00:38:02,720
One of the forgotten wars
in world history by many,
703
00:38:02,760 --> 00:38:07,000
is a brief war between
Japan and Russia in 1904.
704
00:38:07,040 --> 00:38:09,240
But it was a time when
Japan actually tried out a lot
705
00:38:09,280 --> 00:38:11,960
of their technologies
and in that war
706
00:38:12,000 --> 00:38:15,480
they really learnt the importance
of good communication.
707
00:38:17,880 --> 00:38:19,680
Prior to radio communication,
708
00:38:19,720 --> 00:38:24,280
the standard way of sending a
message between ships was by flag.
709
00:38:26,000 --> 00:38:29,400
Navies around the world
developed very sophisticated systems
710
00:38:29,440 --> 00:38:32,400
using flags and other signals
where they could communicate
711
00:38:32,440 --> 00:38:34,880
from ship to ship and
coordinate their activities.
712
00:38:34,920 --> 00:38:37,880
But communicating
from ship to shore
713
00:38:37,920 --> 00:38:40,960
was always a problem, once
you were over the horizon,
714
00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:42,560
you were on your own.
715
00:38:43,400 --> 00:38:46,560
In the modern world
of the 1920s and '30s
716
00:38:46,600 --> 00:38:48,440
flags were outmoded
and outdated.
717
00:38:50,600 --> 00:38:53,480
Japan would soon
start trying to expand,
718
00:38:53,520 --> 00:38:55,360
they had imperial ambitions
719
00:38:55,400 --> 00:38:58,120
and so communication
was Paramount to this.
720
00:39:00,360 --> 00:39:03,840
They wanted to measure
themselves against Great Britain,
721
00:39:03,880 --> 00:39:05,360
against the United States,
722
00:39:05,400 --> 00:39:07,360
against the French empire,
against the Russians.
723
00:39:08,000 --> 00:39:09,496
And so for this
they're going to need
724
00:39:09,520 --> 00:39:12,720
a really modern
communications array,
725
00:39:12,760 --> 00:39:14,400
so, that Tokyo central
726
00:39:14,440 --> 00:39:17,760
can communicate with the
Japanese Navy wherever it is.
727
00:39:18,680 --> 00:39:21,120
There were actually
three complexes like this,
728
00:39:21,160 --> 00:39:22,880
one in Taiwan,
729
00:39:22,920 --> 00:39:24,320
one near Tokyo
730
00:39:24,360 --> 00:39:26,280
and this one close to Nagasaki.
731
00:39:26,920 --> 00:39:28,880
The three could
communicate with each other
732
00:39:28,920 --> 00:39:32,680
so, you could rely a message
from one to the next and beyond
733
00:39:32,720 --> 00:39:36,840
but they could also broadcast
messages far out over the ocean.
734
00:39:37,640 --> 00:39:40,040
You had better communications,
better information,
735
00:39:40,080 --> 00:39:44,040
you have a huge edge
in any military conflict.
736
00:39:45,960 --> 00:39:47,240
There was one building here
737
00:39:47,280 --> 00:39:49,000
that was vital for success.
738
00:39:49,040 --> 00:39:53,320
It was crucial to the Japanese
military victories of the 1930s
739
00:39:53,360 --> 00:39:55,840
and as the second
world war crept closer
740
00:39:55,880 --> 00:39:58,400
it was about to be
put to use again.
741
00:39:58,440 --> 00:40:00,320
It may also have had a part
742
00:40:00,360 --> 00:40:03,680
in one of the gravest
events in u.S history.
743
00:40:06,000 --> 00:40:08,960
Translation: "This is the rooftop
of the telecommunications room,
744
00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:11,840
"it is also the centre of
the three radio towers,
745
00:40:11,880 --> 00:40:15,320
"those radio towers are
positioned in an equilateral triangle
746
00:40:15,360 --> 00:40:18,560
"almost 1,000 feet
apart from each other.
747
00:40:18,600 --> 00:40:21,360
"And this is located right in
the middle of those towers,
748
00:40:21,400 --> 00:40:22,960
"which was important.
749
00:40:26,360 --> 00:40:28,320
"Cables coming from
those three radio towers
750
00:40:28,360 --> 00:40:31,040
"were connected to the
telecommunications room
751
00:40:31,080 --> 00:40:33,280
"but the telecommunications
room itself
752
00:40:33,320 --> 00:40:34,960
"was hidden underground."
753
00:40:40,240 --> 00:40:42,000
With war on the horizon,
754
00:40:42,040 --> 00:40:44,840
meticulous preparations
were carried out.
755
00:40:44,880 --> 00:40:48,040
The facility was made highly
secure and self sufficient.
756
00:40:49,320 --> 00:40:52,080
The building housed the
power to run the whole operation
757
00:40:52,120 --> 00:40:54,760
in the form of
generators and batteries
758
00:40:54,800 --> 00:40:56,640
but it was also
where communication
759
00:40:56,680 --> 00:40:58,280
was sent and received.
760
00:41:00,840 --> 00:41:03,040
Messages would be
picked up by the towers,
761
00:41:03,080 --> 00:41:05,120
relayed to this building,
762
00:41:05,160 --> 00:41:07,400
decoded and then retransmitted
763
00:41:07,440 --> 00:41:09,720
to their original destination.
764
00:41:09,760 --> 00:41:13,960
This dark space certainly had the
potential to cause untold damage.
765
00:41:18,960 --> 00:41:21,496
Translation: "This room was where
they transmitted the secret codes
766
00:41:21,520 --> 00:41:23,560
"that were created in sasebo.
767
00:41:25,400 --> 00:41:26,960
"From the size of the room
768
00:41:27,000 --> 00:41:29,640
"and because we know there
used to be five or six desks in here
769
00:41:29,680 --> 00:41:31,480
"we presume that there
was a small number
770
00:41:31,520 --> 00:41:33,480
"of transmission
workers in here.
771
00:41:34,880 --> 00:41:38,160
"However as they were dealing
with highly confidential documents
772
00:41:38,200 --> 00:41:40,720
"I don't imagine many
people were allowed in."
773
00:41:44,920 --> 00:41:46,680
In 1941,
774
00:41:46,720 --> 00:41:48,480
a top secret coded order
775
00:41:48,520 --> 00:41:50,320
that shaped the
course of history,
776
00:41:50,360 --> 00:41:53,040
is likely to have filtered
through these rooms.
777
00:41:55,600 --> 00:41:57,336
There's good reason to
believe that one of the most
778
00:41:57,360 --> 00:41:59,320
pivotal radio
transmissions in history
779
00:41:59,360 --> 00:42:01,680
was made via this transmitter.
780
00:42:01,720 --> 00:42:06,000
The words, 'climb
mountain itaka 1208'.
781
00:42:07,600 --> 00:42:09,880
Those words were code
782
00:42:09,920 --> 00:42:12,040
to send the
instruction to proceed
783
00:42:12,080 --> 00:42:14,120
with the attack
on Pearl harbour.
784
00:42:14,160 --> 00:42:15,520
(Dramatic music)
785
00:42:16,600 --> 00:42:18,840
Once the order had
been given by Tokyo
786
00:42:18,880 --> 00:42:21,040
it's believed that hario
787
00:42:21,080 --> 00:42:23,360
actually transmitted
the fateful message
788
00:42:23,400 --> 00:42:24,920
from mainland Japan,
789
00:42:24,960 --> 00:42:26,960
to the waiting naval fleet.
790
00:42:28,400 --> 00:42:31,080
The attack on Pearl
harbour was devastating
791
00:42:31,120 --> 00:42:34,480
and it immediately drew
the United States into the war.
792
00:42:36,520 --> 00:42:38,360
But questions about hario
793
00:42:38,400 --> 00:42:40,280
and it's role in all this
794
00:42:40,320 --> 00:42:42,280
remain unanswered to this day.
795
00:42:45,040 --> 00:42:47,096
Translation: "There's almost
no documentation remaining
796
00:42:47,120 --> 00:42:49,160
"about the hario radio site.
797
00:42:49,960 --> 00:42:51,720
"Architectural drawings,
798
00:42:51,760 --> 00:42:54,200
"records of transmission
history and so on,
799
00:42:54,240 --> 00:42:56,000
"they don't exist at all.
800
00:42:57,480 --> 00:43:00,560
"The reason being that
straight after the war ended
801
00:43:00,600 --> 00:43:02,960
"any related
documents were burnt."
802
00:43:06,360 --> 00:43:08,200
While the Japanese
may have destroyed
803
00:43:08,240 --> 00:43:10,920
any incriminating and
damning paperwork
804
00:43:10,960 --> 00:43:15,000
they couldn't make the very real
concrete evidence here disappear.
805
00:43:15,920 --> 00:43:17,680
We can't say for
sure that the order
806
00:43:17,720 --> 00:43:21,400
to attack Pearl harbour came
from hario because after the war
807
00:43:21,440 --> 00:43:24,840
the Japanese destroyed all the
records that were stored there.
808
00:43:24,880 --> 00:43:28,960
But given the configuration of the
various transmission sites in Japan
809
00:43:29,000 --> 00:43:31,080
it probably came from here.
810
00:43:34,080 --> 00:43:36,400
Today the prominent towers,
811
00:43:36,440 --> 00:43:38,600
help to caution
another generation
812
00:43:38,640 --> 00:43:41,000
not to repeat the
mistakes of the past.
813
00:43:41,040 --> 00:43:42,920
And it's hoped
that they'll continue
814
00:43:42,960 --> 00:43:45,920
to sound their warning
for many years to come.
815
00:43:46,480 --> 00:43:49,400
These towers were designed
to last for about 90 years
816
00:43:49,440 --> 00:43:52,080
but the way they were
engineered and constructed
817
00:43:52,120 --> 00:43:54,960
means that they'll last
for a lot longer than that.
818
00:43:55,000 --> 00:43:58,000
Captioned by
ai-media ai-media. TV
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