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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,680 --> 00:00:03,520 Narrator: Derelict yet famous. 2 00:00:05,040 --> 00:00:07,080 Empty but iconic. 3 00:00:08,560 --> 00:00:12,880 Five abandoned sites engrained in Hollywood history. 4 00:00:13,640 --> 00:00:15,960 From the hauntingly familiar. 5 00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:19,160 When you see this landscape you get a sense of deja vu 6 00:00:19,200 --> 00:00:21,160 like you've seen this before. 7 00:00:23,000 --> 00:00:27,560 To ghost towns that make perfect backdrops for fantastical tales. 8 00:00:28,520 --> 00:00:30,720 Hollywood was scouting for a location 9 00:00:30,760 --> 00:00:33,360 for a new movie they were making, 10 00:00:33,400 --> 00:00:37,120 they found this amazing village, forgotten by time. 11 00:00:38,640 --> 00:00:43,160 Long forgotten ruins given new life by the silver screen. 12 00:00:43,200 --> 00:00:45,440 It was scheduled for demolition 13 00:00:45,480 --> 00:00:49,120 but just before that a film crew came to shoot a movie 14 00:00:49,160 --> 00:00:51,600 that of course, has become world famous. 15 00:00:54,080 --> 00:00:58,240 And the real places that inspired summer blockbusters. 16 00:00:58,280 --> 00:01:03,160 This Ridge is related to one of the most iconic stories in us history, 17 00:01:03,920 --> 00:01:06,160 it was made for the silver screen. 18 00:01:07,040 --> 00:01:11,520 These are five of cinemas most iconic abandoned places. 19 00:01:15,160 --> 00:01:16,680 Decaying relics. 20 00:01:19,880 --> 00:01:21,760 Ruins of lost worlds. 21 00:01:24,920 --> 00:01:26,880 Sites haunted by the past... 22 00:01:30,240 --> 00:01:33,680 ..Their secrets waiting to be revealed. 23 00:01:44,840 --> 00:01:48,160 In Tunisia on the edge of the Sahara desert 24 00:01:48,200 --> 00:01:51,520 a curious structure emerges from shifting sands. 25 00:01:58,240 --> 00:02:03,280 When you first see this landscape it's very alien, very barren, 26 00:02:03,320 --> 00:02:05,640 but also there's something familiar about it, 27 00:02:05,680 --> 00:02:09,000 you get a sense of deja vu, like you've seen this before. 28 00:02:12,400 --> 00:02:15,800 It looks like it could have been there 200 years 29 00:02:15,840 --> 00:02:17,640 or indeed 2,000 years, 30 00:02:17,680 --> 00:02:20,520 you just can't tell looking at it from a distance. 31 00:02:22,480 --> 00:02:25,720 Closer inspection reveals menacing features. 32 00:02:28,600 --> 00:02:32,320 The people who built this obviously had a lot to be afraid of 33 00:02:32,360 --> 00:02:34,000 and a lot to protect. 34 00:02:34,880 --> 00:02:39,280 This high exterior wall is clearly there to protect the settlement 35 00:02:39,320 --> 00:02:41,280 but from whom? 36 00:02:42,680 --> 00:02:47,600 What links this place to another complex marooned 175 miles away 37 00:02:47,640 --> 00:02:50,640 across the largest salt pan in the Sahara? 38 00:02:52,080 --> 00:02:53,320 There's no-one here. 39 00:02:53,360 --> 00:02:55,880 The sand has been pushed up against the structures, 40 00:02:55,920 --> 00:02:58,240 it's been abandoned for some time. 41 00:02:59,520 --> 00:03:01,080 They seem really out of place 42 00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:03,640 as if they were dropped out of an aeroplane 43 00:03:03,680 --> 00:03:05,440 in to here the middle of nowhere. 44 00:03:07,480 --> 00:03:11,080 Fantastical events a long time ago connect both sites 45 00:03:11,120 --> 00:03:15,520 but this place is far and away different to the first. 46 00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:19,800 Here you see something that at first looks ancient 47 00:03:19,840 --> 00:03:22,880 but you quickly realise it isn't, 48 00:03:22,920 --> 00:03:25,360 this is something built more recently 49 00:03:25,400 --> 00:03:29,240 but it's entered in to our collective imagination 50 00:03:29,280 --> 00:03:31,480 as if it's a real place. 51 00:03:33,120 --> 00:03:37,120 You start to realise that these are not all permanent structures, 52 00:03:37,160 --> 00:03:38,520 what's really going on here? 53 00:03:38,560 --> 00:03:39,880 Where did these things come from? 54 00:03:40,800 --> 00:03:45,560 And what out of this world force made both these sites world famous? 55 00:03:46,600 --> 00:03:49,360 And gave Hollywood's favourite intergalactic hero 56 00:03:49,400 --> 00:03:51,000 a place to call home? 57 00:03:57,640 --> 00:04:01,880 This multi celled construction is ksar ouled soltane. 58 00:04:04,120 --> 00:04:08,760 Doctor Ali thabti is an expert on these strange abandoned structures. 59 00:04:10,760 --> 00:04:13,960 Translation: "The ksar was protected from anything that lay outside 60 00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:15,560 "because there was only one entrance 61 00:04:15,600 --> 00:04:17,440 "there was no other way of penetrating it 62 00:04:17,480 --> 00:04:20,000 "other than through this gate called a skiffer." 63 00:04:22,280 --> 00:04:24,800 Dating from the 16th century 64 00:04:24,840 --> 00:04:27,800 ksar ouled soltane is a fortified village 65 00:04:27,840 --> 00:04:30,720 which straddles an ancient saharan trade route. 66 00:04:35,440 --> 00:04:37,896 Translation: "Most people of this region are engaged in trade 67 00:04:37,920 --> 00:04:40,080 "either directly or indirectly. 68 00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:43,640 "Slaves, precious metals, ivory and other products 69 00:04:43,680 --> 00:04:46,560 "were all being imported from neighbouring Sudan." 70 00:04:50,040 --> 00:04:54,320 The semi nomadic culture who built this place were called the berbers. 71 00:04:56,760 --> 00:05:00,320 The berber people have occupied this region since Roman times 72 00:05:00,360 --> 00:05:04,040 and it's they that bought this distinct style of building. 73 00:05:05,960 --> 00:05:08,800 And here we've got lots of these little dome structures, 74 00:05:08,840 --> 00:05:13,800 very defensive, very small, but clearly important. 75 00:05:17,280 --> 00:05:22,800 Each cell was known as a gorfer and it would hold the food reserves 76 00:05:22,840 --> 00:05:24,160 for a particular family. 77 00:05:24,200 --> 00:05:26,880 For centuries they would use that to protect 78 00:05:26,920 --> 00:05:28,760 their grain and their olives. 79 00:05:30,120 --> 00:05:32,720 This is your insurance policy, this is your bank. 80 00:05:34,040 --> 00:05:35,880 They had to get through dry seasons 81 00:05:35,920 --> 00:05:39,720 and they had to keep outsiders from stealing their food, 82 00:05:39,760 --> 00:05:41,360 that would be a death sentence. 83 00:05:44,440 --> 00:05:47,160 While it's walls offered protection from raiders 84 00:05:47,200 --> 00:05:50,920 the secret to the gorfer cell success was their rounded roofs 85 00:05:50,960 --> 00:05:52,720 which deflect the sun. 86 00:05:59,960 --> 00:06:01,136 Translation: "Because the temperature 87 00:06:01,160 --> 00:06:02,840 "never goes above 17 or 18 degrees 88 00:06:02,880 --> 00:06:06,280 "these rooms preserve food products stored in them. 89 00:06:07,840 --> 00:06:10,200 "So for instance barley can be kept here 90 00:06:10,240 --> 00:06:14,600 "for five, six or even seven years without anything happening to it." 91 00:06:20,600 --> 00:06:23,800 For centuries these domes helped protect the berbers 92 00:06:23,840 --> 00:06:26,080 from the cruel conditions of the Sahara. 93 00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:32,120 Then in 1976 their other worldly shape 94 00:06:32,160 --> 00:06:35,560 inspired the realisation of a very different desert world 95 00:06:35,600 --> 00:06:39,720 at another neglected site almost 200 miles away. 96 00:06:41,640 --> 00:06:43,880 It's a link that only begins to make sense 97 00:06:43,920 --> 00:06:47,360 when a distinctive dome structure comes in to view. 98 00:06:48,920 --> 00:06:52,200 In the seemingly never ending desert 99 00:06:52,240 --> 00:06:58,280 it looks tiny and insignificant but it is immediately recognisable. 100 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:04,920 It's quite obvious this is Luke Skywalker's childhood home. 101 00:07:08,040 --> 00:07:09,840 Now you know where you are. 102 00:07:09,880 --> 00:07:12,040 The scenes at the Lars homestead 103 00:07:12,080 --> 00:07:17,280 really set the tone for 'star wars', 104 00:07:17,320 --> 00:07:19,200 for the original 'star wars'. 105 00:07:20,040 --> 00:07:22,640 In 1976 director George Lucas 106 00:07:22,680 --> 00:07:26,000 brought Hollywood to this remote corner of Tunisia. 107 00:07:27,240 --> 00:07:31,080 Inspired by the domed architecture of the ancient berber grain store, 108 00:07:31,120 --> 00:07:34,680 Lucas built a set here and the Sandy landscape 109 00:07:34,720 --> 00:07:38,480 became Luke Skywalker's home planet of Tatooine. 110 00:07:39,720 --> 00:07:41,720 It's that iconic I am surprised 111 00:07:41,760 --> 00:07:44,080 that there aren't two suns on the horizon, 112 00:07:44,120 --> 00:07:50,640 it's so burnt in to our brains that you expect Luke Skywalker 113 00:07:50,680 --> 00:07:53,920 or his aunt or uncle to come round the corner. 114 00:07:55,480 --> 00:07:57,480 This is where it all started, 115 00:07:57,520 --> 00:08:02,040 the original movie set of the first 'star wars' film, 116 00:08:02,080 --> 00:08:03,360 'a new hope'. 117 00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:09,096 I mean, you stand and you look at it 118 00:08:09,120 --> 00:08:11,800 and just for a moment you're transported 119 00:08:11,840 --> 00:08:14,640 to a galaxy far, far away. 120 00:08:17,640 --> 00:08:19,120 Initially they went to Tunisia 121 00:08:19,160 --> 00:08:21,760 because it was a cost effective location 122 00:08:21,800 --> 00:08:23,280 with the deserts they wanted 123 00:08:23,320 --> 00:08:25,880 but then Tunisia and it's culture and architecture 124 00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:28,280 started influencing the movies. 125 00:08:29,600 --> 00:08:33,600 The Tunisian landscape seemed a dream fit for Lucas' vision. 126 00:08:34,520 --> 00:08:37,640 But the brutal desert climate would be unforgiving. 127 00:08:40,480 --> 00:08:45,240 So key date, 22 march 1976, 128 00:08:45,280 --> 00:08:49,040 George Lucas shouts action out here in Tunisia 129 00:08:49,080 --> 00:08:52,120 and it hasn't rained in seven years to this point 130 00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:54,040 and then what do you know it, 131 00:08:54,080 --> 00:08:58,000 the rains come down for the next four days. 132 00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:04,120 A storm rolled in and it reeked havoc on the set, 133 00:09:04,160 --> 00:09:08,120 in fact the top of the Lars homestead was blown right off 134 00:09:08,160 --> 00:09:12,680 and the model they were using for the jawa's ship, 135 00:09:12,720 --> 00:09:15,760 the sand crawler was almost destroyed. 136 00:09:16,920 --> 00:09:19,960 Everything is just being washed away. 137 00:09:20,880 --> 00:09:23,840 What a way to start this whole universe. 138 00:09:26,440 --> 00:09:27,960 Production continued 139 00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:31,200 and 'star wars' became a celluloid sensation. 140 00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:35,040 Although few expected George Lucas to return to Tunisia. 141 00:09:36,480 --> 00:09:38,120 So the sets were just left, 142 00:09:38,160 --> 00:09:40,400 just left to the environment and left to rot. 143 00:09:41,760 --> 00:09:45,200 But Tunisia's unique architecture proved too much of a draw 144 00:09:45,240 --> 00:09:47,760 and Lucas did come back. 145 00:09:47,800 --> 00:09:51,480 This time the ancient grain store at ksar ouled soltane 146 00:09:51,520 --> 00:09:53,120 took centre stage. 147 00:09:55,600 --> 00:09:59,800 They actually used the gorfers as a set, 148 00:09:59,840 --> 00:10:02,520 as a location for the phantom menace 149 00:10:02,560 --> 00:10:05,520 and these cells that were once used for food storage 150 00:10:05,560 --> 00:10:08,800 became, used as prison cells 151 00:10:08,840 --> 00:10:11,640 where Anakin and his mother are imprisoned 152 00:10:11,680 --> 00:10:13,080 in 'the phantom menace'. 153 00:10:16,640 --> 00:10:20,320 The ancient walls made a perfect intergalactic prison 154 00:10:20,360 --> 00:10:23,600 but Lucas wanted more from the barren Tunisian landscape. 155 00:10:24,760 --> 00:10:28,840 And in 1998 he decided to build his own desert site. 156 00:10:29,560 --> 00:10:33,320 Almost 200 miles away in the remote nefta region. 157 00:10:36,200 --> 00:10:39,240 Mos espa is an entirely invented place, 158 00:10:39,280 --> 00:10:42,040 it was built as a set in the middle of nowhere 159 00:10:42,080 --> 00:10:44,000 when they shot 'the phantom menace'. 160 00:10:45,400 --> 00:10:47,600 Hamida chebbi worked on the film. 161 00:10:50,960 --> 00:10:53,520 Translation: "During filming there were a lot of people here... 162 00:10:55,360 --> 00:10:56,840 "Around 250. 163 00:10:57,600 --> 00:10:59,480 "The technical team were 120 164 00:10:59,520 --> 00:11:02,840 "and on top of that there were all the actors and so on. 165 00:11:04,400 --> 00:11:07,840 "Sometimes there were 300 people on set, it was a big job." 166 00:11:10,640 --> 00:11:13,080 Familiar landmarks of the fictional town 167 00:11:13,120 --> 00:11:16,920 have withstood weather and time including the space port gate, 168 00:11:16,960 --> 00:11:20,400 pod racing area and watto shop. 169 00:11:23,880 --> 00:11:26,840 Moisture evaporators and other props also remain, 170 00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:30,760 posing a stark contrast to the Sandy desert landscape. 171 00:11:38,600 --> 00:11:41,160 Translation: "They spent nearly a whole year building this set. 172 00:11:42,800 --> 00:11:44,200 "It was a big undertaking. 173 00:11:45,520 --> 00:11:48,760 "First of all they scouted in may, June and July. 174 00:11:51,160 --> 00:11:54,160 "After that it was punishing building this set in the desert. 175 00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:58,000 "We would start work at 4:00 or even 3:00 in the morning 176 00:11:58,040 --> 00:11:59,960 "and finish at 10:00 or 11:00 at night. 177 00:12:00,960 --> 00:12:02,880 "They were long days. 178 00:12:02,920 --> 00:12:05,200 "The shoot went on for three more months, 179 00:12:05,240 --> 00:12:07,880 "then it was all over, it was like a dream." 180 00:12:10,760 --> 00:12:13,760 The movie making may have finished many years ago 181 00:12:13,800 --> 00:12:17,320 but 'star wars' has become intrinsically linked to Tunisia. 182 00:12:22,360 --> 00:12:24,720 Translation: "They left these great sets 183 00:12:24,760 --> 00:12:27,120 "which have now become tourist attractions in the desert." 184 00:12:30,680 --> 00:12:33,680 'Star wars' really changed this part of Tunisia, 185 00:12:33,720 --> 00:12:38,440 it really put it on the map. 186 00:12:38,480 --> 00:12:42,440 It's become a place of pilgrimage for 'star wars' fans. 187 00:12:45,320 --> 00:12:47,856 Translation: "I'm so happy to have been part of making the film, 188 00:12:47,880 --> 00:12:50,560 "it gave an economic boost to the region 189 00:12:50,600 --> 00:12:53,520 "and created jobs so that many people could earn money. 190 00:12:53,560 --> 00:12:55,000 "It was extraordinary." 191 00:13:00,400 --> 00:13:03,240 Today as the shifting desert sands 192 00:13:03,280 --> 00:13:06,040 threaten to engulf the 'star wars' sets in nefta, 193 00:13:06,080 --> 00:13:10,440 ksar ouled soltane still stands resolute. 194 00:13:10,480 --> 00:13:13,000 Perched here for over 500 years 195 00:13:13,040 --> 00:13:16,800 it is testament to it's builders skill and ingenuity. 196 00:13:19,280 --> 00:13:20,920 In some ways the 'star wars' stories 197 00:13:20,960 --> 00:13:24,880 are stories of a struggle against the odds. 198 00:13:26,080 --> 00:13:28,720 And that mirrors the story of the berbers 199 00:13:28,760 --> 00:13:34,240 who only survived in this harsh landscape by banding together and, 200 00:13:34,280 --> 00:13:36,280 and cooperating against a desert 201 00:13:36,320 --> 00:13:40,600 that was really encroaching upon them on every side. 202 00:13:47,320 --> 00:13:50,280 In Ohio near the city of Mansfield 203 00:13:50,320 --> 00:13:54,040 stands a haunting facility saved from destruction 204 00:13:54,080 --> 00:13:56,360 by a remarkable Hollywood connection. 205 00:13:59,560 --> 00:14:03,680 The same day that the wrecking balls came to tear this place down 206 00:14:03,720 --> 00:14:07,080 was the same day that the filming company showed up. 207 00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:11,640 But no matter what Hollywood dreamt up, 208 00:14:11,680 --> 00:14:14,160 it could never compete with the real story. 209 00:14:19,280 --> 00:14:23,080 This buildings origins stretched back to the late 19th century. 210 00:14:23,120 --> 00:14:27,240 This site at Mansfield was chosen in 1885 for a very special reason 211 00:14:27,280 --> 00:14:29,680 and a very particular project. 212 00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:32,640 To take young offenders and rehabilitate 213 00:14:32,680 --> 00:14:36,120 and re-educate them in the most positive way possible. 214 00:14:38,160 --> 00:14:39,480 It was a reformatory 215 00:14:39,520 --> 00:14:42,400 so the notion was that you weren't just punishing people 216 00:14:42,440 --> 00:14:44,080 you were helping them learn 217 00:14:44,120 --> 00:14:45,856 and then you would release them out in the world 218 00:14:45,880 --> 00:14:48,440 and they would commit crimes no more. 219 00:14:49,720 --> 00:14:52,840 This is the Ohio state reformatory. 220 00:14:53,400 --> 00:14:55,480 Completed in 1911. 221 00:14:57,240 --> 00:14:59,840 Inside, expert Ron puff, 222 00:14:59,880 --> 00:15:04,200 finds evidence that shows how the idealistic reformatory 223 00:15:04,240 --> 00:15:07,000 soon became a crowded adult facility. 224 00:15:11,240 --> 00:15:12,576 We're currently in the west cell block, 225 00:15:12,600 --> 00:15:16,040 this is five tiers, originally 350 cells 226 00:15:16,080 --> 00:15:18,120 meant for one inmate to a cell, 227 00:15:18,160 --> 00:15:20,056 ended up from the very beginning with two inmates 228 00:15:20,080 --> 00:15:21,800 so we housed 700 inmates here. 229 00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:24,760 You could be stabbed, you could be mugged, 230 00:15:24,800 --> 00:15:27,080 you could be thrown off a high walkway. 231 00:15:27,120 --> 00:15:30,640 I mean, the place was such that you were in fear of your life 232 00:15:30,680 --> 00:15:32,680 each and every day. 233 00:15:33,520 --> 00:15:36,880 Inmates were told when you came here make yourself a weapon 234 00:15:36,920 --> 00:15:38,080 and hide it in the backyard, 235 00:15:38,120 --> 00:15:41,120 so if everything goes crazy you at least know where your shank 236 00:15:41,160 --> 00:15:44,960 or your rock or whatever it is you placed is so you could be safe. 237 00:15:47,040 --> 00:15:50,280 By the 1930s the Ohio state reformatory 238 00:15:50,320 --> 00:15:53,000 had become a brutal adult prison. 239 00:15:54,200 --> 00:15:56,136 For the worst offenders there was solitary confinement 240 00:15:56,160 --> 00:15:58,080 here at the reformatory. 241 00:15:58,120 --> 00:16:00,160 They might keep the lights on 24 hours a day, 242 00:16:00,200 --> 00:16:02,200 they might keep the lights off 24 hours a day. 243 00:16:04,040 --> 00:16:08,080 The hole as it was known was crammed full of prisoners. 244 00:16:08,880 --> 00:16:11,040 In one case they had a riot 245 00:16:11,080 --> 00:16:14,320 and they wound up putting 120 prisoners down in the hole 246 00:16:14,360 --> 00:16:16,400 at the same time for 30 days. 247 00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:21,280 In this instance they actually found a body that had been murdered 248 00:16:21,320 --> 00:16:23,920 and stuffed in to a mattress for several days 249 00:16:23,960 --> 00:16:25,800 before anyone realised he was dead. 250 00:16:28,000 --> 00:16:31,480 By the time this facility was abandoned in 1990 251 00:16:31,520 --> 00:16:37,280 of the 150,000 inmates who arrived here, 200 never left. 252 00:16:47,960 --> 00:16:52,120 Today this grand facility has become a major tourist attraction... 253 00:16:53,600 --> 00:16:56,280 ..Thanks to an extraordinary twist of fate. 254 00:16:58,120 --> 00:17:00,080 It was scheduled for demotion 255 00:17:00,120 --> 00:17:04,040 but just before that a film crew came to shoot a movie 256 00:17:04,080 --> 00:17:07,800 that of course has become world famous 'the Shawshank redemption'. 257 00:17:09,960 --> 00:17:13,720 The prison drama staring morgen Freeman and Tim Robbins 258 00:17:13,760 --> 00:17:17,000 made the most of this inhospitable setting. 259 00:17:18,960 --> 00:17:20,440 One of the things we're famous for 260 00:17:20,480 --> 00:17:22,760 is the movie 'the Shawshank redemption'. 261 00:17:22,800 --> 00:17:25,680 Now that was filmed back here in 1993. 262 00:17:27,080 --> 00:17:28,960 And we're so thankful it happened here 263 00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:31,920 because now we have this building to show people because of it. 264 00:17:33,160 --> 00:17:36,920 'The Shawshank redemption' was the redemption of this prison. 265 00:17:44,400 --> 00:17:48,040 In rural north Carolina an industrial looking ghost town 266 00:17:48,080 --> 00:17:50,680 doubled for a cinematic dystopia. 267 00:17:56,600 --> 00:17:58,840 You see house after house 268 00:17:58,880 --> 00:18:03,680 that looks as though it hasn't been lived in ever. 269 00:18:05,920 --> 00:18:10,640 The houses are laid out according to some sort of plan. 270 00:18:12,000 --> 00:18:14,760 The houses look mostly identical. 271 00:18:16,640 --> 00:18:20,520 And then you've got a smattering of commercial buildings and a shop. 272 00:18:22,200 --> 00:18:23,840 It's a community. 273 00:18:23,880 --> 00:18:26,040 But it's suddenly frozen in time. 274 00:18:28,800 --> 00:18:32,120 There's little to suggest why this village is here. 275 00:18:33,120 --> 00:18:38,320 This is a land of rocky peaks, dark hollows, steep river valleys, 276 00:18:38,360 --> 00:18:41,840 it's not a place known for rich agriculture. 277 00:18:41,880 --> 00:18:44,280 What would have bought people to a place like this? 278 00:18:45,920 --> 00:18:49,360 Could traces of manufacturing next to the nearby river 279 00:18:49,400 --> 00:18:50,600 offer up a clue? 280 00:18:51,920 --> 00:18:55,440 Whatever happened to make everyone here move away 281 00:18:55,480 --> 00:18:58,160 had to have been worse 282 00:18:58,200 --> 00:19:01,640 than living in one of the poorest corners of america. 283 00:19:03,560 --> 00:19:05,440 This place might have been totally forgot, 284 00:19:05,480 --> 00:19:08,640 just a backwater that no-one remembers, 285 00:19:08,680 --> 00:19:11,520 if it hadn't played a major role 286 00:19:11,560 --> 00:19:15,240 in one of the largest Hollywood blockbuster series ever. 287 00:19:23,720 --> 00:19:28,200 Calvin reyes spent three years preserving this dilapidated place. 288 00:19:29,640 --> 00:19:31,520 It's really great to be able to connect people 289 00:19:31,560 --> 00:19:33,096 with something that's you know, more pop culture 290 00:19:33,120 --> 00:19:35,480 and show them a little bit of piece of history 291 00:19:35,520 --> 00:19:37,600 that they can then fall in love with. 292 00:19:40,000 --> 00:19:43,600 The structures here tell a sorry tale of abject poverty. 293 00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:47,640 This is a typical floor plan. 294 00:19:48,920 --> 00:19:50,520 So you have four rooms in the bottom, 295 00:19:50,560 --> 00:19:52,320 separated by a main wall 296 00:19:52,360 --> 00:19:56,680 and so originally you've got two families living in this house. 297 00:19:58,080 --> 00:20:02,000 The last residents were early 2000s 298 00:20:02,040 --> 00:20:04,400 which is still hard for people to really believe. 299 00:20:05,680 --> 00:20:07,616 Because there was no running water at that point, 300 00:20:07,640 --> 00:20:10,200 there's no sewer, it was a tough life. 301 00:20:12,160 --> 00:20:14,880 Former residents, susie childers and Rick hames 302 00:20:14,920 --> 00:20:17,560 used to call these simple structures home. 303 00:20:20,760 --> 00:20:22,176 This is my house. This is the house... 304 00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:23,960 It's where we grew up. ..We lived in, yeah. 305 00:20:26,600 --> 00:20:29,160 I used to throw a baseball against these steps for hours 306 00:20:29,200 --> 00:20:32,240 and quite a few of those balls found the windows. 307 00:20:35,080 --> 00:20:36,960 In that regard it looked kind of normal. 308 00:20:38,480 --> 00:20:42,560 It looked good then, it looks sad now, very sad. 309 00:20:44,360 --> 00:20:48,480 This faded and battered village is called Henry river. 310 00:20:49,640 --> 00:20:54,200 In 2011 it's run down appearance attracted Hollywood. 311 00:20:56,160 --> 00:20:57,840 When the producers of 'the hunger games' 312 00:20:57,880 --> 00:21:03,680 were looking for a place that looked rural 313 00:21:03,720 --> 00:21:07,720 and impoverished but still liveable, 314 00:21:07,760 --> 00:21:10,120 Henry river turned out to be the perfect place. 315 00:21:12,240 --> 00:21:13,816 This village wasn't built for the movie, 316 00:21:13,840 --> 00:21:16,160 this village was built 100 and you know, 317 00:21:16,200 --> 00:21:18,840 six years before the movie was actually filmed. 318 00:21:21,960 --> 00:21:24,080 They were looking for a dystopian environment 319 00:21:24,120 --> 00:21:27,680 which clearly we have in an abandoned village. 320 00:21:29,280 --> 00:21:32,880 This site was used to depict the grim futuristic home town 321 00:21:32,920 --> 00:21:37,120 of 'the hunger games' main character katniss everdeen. 322 00:21:38,360 --> 00:21:42,400 It's absolutely perfect, it's perfect for district 12, 323 00:21:42,440 --> 00:21:45,240 it's perfect for katniss and her family to live in 324 00:21:45,280 --> 00:21:47,320 because it's the real deal. 325 00:21:47,360 --> 00:21:50,040 Generations of people have lived and worked here 326 00:21:50,080 --> 00:21:51,680 and bought up their own families. 327 00:21:53,400 --> 00:21:54,840 Thanks to the movie, 328 00:21:54,880 --> 00:21:58,080 millions now know this village as district 12. 329 00:21:59,000 --> 00:22:03,240 But the real story of this isolated village is altogether different. 330 00:22:05,480 --> 00:22:07,040 There has to be something 331 00:22:07,080 --> 00:22:11,160 that makes it economically feasible and logical 332 00:22:11,200 --> 00:22:15,000 for all these people to congregate in this pretty remote location. 333 00:22:17,880 --> 00:22:21,080 Geography is the reason that this town is here. 334 00:22:22,480 --> 00:22:24,280 You've got a very steep valley 335 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:26,120 with a lovely river flowing through it. 336 00:22:27,680 --> 00:22:31,000 A 100-year-old dam at the edge of the settlement 337 00:22:31,040 --> 00:22:33,080 demonstrates the importance of the river. 338 00:22:34,760 --> 00:22:37,320 I'd say about eight to ten months of the year 339 00:22:37,360 --> 00:22:39,400 they'd be able to run off of water power. 340 00:22:39,440 --> 00:22:42,400 The river was high enough and producing enough flow. 341 00:22:43,280 --> 00:22:45,360 All this power was being used 342 00:22:45,400 --> 00:22:48,760 to manufacture an important commodity, cotton. 343 00:22:49,680 --> 00:22:51,200 In us history, 344 00:22:51,240 --> 00:22:55,360 famously, cotton was the backbone of the economy in the south. 345 00:22:56,600 --> 00:23:00,240 That cotton was being shipped overseas 346 00:23:00,280 --> 00:23:03,760 to be made into cloth in britain and France 347 00:23:04,400 --> 00:23:08,200 but after the civil war, after slavery ended, 348 00:23:08,240 --> 00:23:11,160 cotton was still being grown in the south, 349 00:23:12,160 --> 00:23:16,680 but the new idea was to build cotton mills. 350 00:23:19,040 --> 00:23:23,080 In 1903, the Henry river manufacturing company 351 00:23:23,120 --> 00:23:27,000 bought 1,500 acres at this site and transformed it 352 00:23:27,040 --> 00:23:29,560 into a thriving cotton production centre. 353 00:23:30,600 --> 00:23:33,600 The company erected 35 worker houses, 354 00:23:34,440 --> 00:23:36,560 a two-storey boarding house, 355 00:23:37,160 --> 00:23:40,040 a bridge, a brick company store, 356 00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:42,640 the power-producing dam 357 00:23:43,480 --> 00:23:46,600 and the original three-storey brick mill building 358 00:23:46,640 --> 00:23:48,800 where the cotton yarn was produced. 359 00:23:50,840 --> 00:23:53,800 Early on when they first started operating in 1905 360 00:23:53,840 --> 00:23:55,920 they were working with 4,000 spindles, 361 00:23:55,960 --> 00:23:58,360 and within a few years though they tripled that production. 362 00:23:58,720 --> 00:24:00,176 At any given time they had, you know, 363 00:24:00,200 --> 00:24:01,800 over 100 employees working in the mill. 364 00:24:03,440 --> 00:24:07,120 This was your classic company town, everything was owned by the company, 365 00:24:07,160 --> 00:24:09,960 they provided everything which in a way, 366 00:24:10,000 --> 00:24:12,200 is the image of the beneficent company 367 00:24:12,240 --> 00:24:14,160 that wants to make life good for its workers 368 00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:19,840 but also tended to trap workers into staying in the town. 369 00:24:23,200 --> 00:24:26,200 For some, millwork was their only choice. 370 00:24:28,920 --> 00:24:30,800 My mum had a job in the mill, 371 00:24:30,840 --> 00:24:33,600 she thought this was the perfect spot to live. 372 00:24:35,280 --> 00:24:39,320 I can remember listening to my mum talk 373 00:24:39,360 --> 00:24:44,080 as with a lot of other families in that day and time 374 00:24:44,120 --> 00:24:46,960 when they got to be a certain age and they were able to work. 375 00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:48,040 They had to work so... 376 00:24:48,920 --> 00:24:50,600 ..She went to work in the mill 377 00:24:50,640 --> 00:24:52,680 before she ever graduated from high school. 378 00:24:52,720 --> 00:24:54,880 Their entire lives were spent here. 379 00:24:56,800 --> 00:25:00,400 Industrial accidents were common in busy cotton mills 380 00:25:00,440 --> 00:25:03,480 and the Henry river mill was no exception. 381 00:25:03,520 --> 00:25:06,040 You'd have people especially early on in production 382 00:25:06,080 --> 00:25:07,456 that were coming straight off the farm, 383 00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:09,496 they're not used to working in a manufacturing environment, 384 00:25:09,520 --> 00:25:12,200 and here's these giant machines that they're working on 385 00:25:12,240 --> 00:25:14,320 that didn't have the same safety regulations 386 00:25:14,360 --> 00:25:15,480 that we have today. 387 00:25:16,320 --> 00:25:17,760 Injuries were normal. 388 00:25:17,800 --> 00:25:19,496 People would lose appendages, they'd lose fingers, 389 00:25:19,520 --> 00:25:20,856 they'd lose hands, they'd get crushed, 390 00:25:20,880 --> 00:25:21,880 they'd break bones. 391 00:25:21,920 --> 00:25:23,760 It's just part of life in a textile mill. 392 00:25:26,360 --> 00:25:30,440 My mother was injured pretty significantly in the mill. 393 00:25:30,480 --> 00:25:33,720 She got her hand caught in one of the winding machines 394 00:25:33,760 --> 00:25:35,960 and had several surgeries. 395 00:25:38,040 --> 00:25:42,280 The tough working life and poverty created a tight-knit community 396 00:25:42,320 --> 00:25:43,760 at Henry river. 397 00:25:43,800 --> 00:25:46,480 The epicentre of this neighbourhood was the brick building 398 00:25:46,520 --> 00:25:48,760 that would double as district 12's bakery, 399 00:25:49,840 --> 00:25:50,960 the company store. 400 00:25:52,240 --> 00:25:55,520 So this was the place where everything happened, 401 00:25:55,560 --> 00:25:58,440 this is where they centred around, not necessarily the mill. 402 00:25:58,480 --> 00:26:01,720 The mill is a means of making money and surviving 403 00:26:01,760 --> 00:26:03,840 and this is where the community was built around, 404 00:26:03,880 --> 00:26:04,920 this central store. 405 00:26:06,800 --> 00:26:09,200 But as the 20th century progressed, 406 00:26:09,240 --> 00:26:11,720 life here would take a turn for the worse. 407 00:26:14,160 --> 00:26:15,960 It closed in 1970, 408 00:26:16,000 --> 00:26:19,520 but the vast mill building was still fully intact. 409 00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:23,200 In 1977 it was struck by lightning 410 00:26:23,240 --> 00:26:25,600 and burned to the ground by the next morning. 411 00:26:26,560 --> 00:26:28,680 You could see it for miles, the fireball, 412 00:26:29,880 --> 00:26:33,360 'cause it just completely went up and there was no saving it. 413 00:26:34,480 --> 00:26:37,360 With the mill burnt to its very foundations, 414 00:26:37,400 --> 00:26:40,240 there was no chance of work for the people of the village 415 00:26:40,280 --> 00:26:42,240 and they eventually dispersed. 416 00:26:47,560 --> 00:26:51,440 Today the industrial heritage of Henry river mill village 417 00:26:51,480 --> 00:26:52,720 has been revived... 418 00:26:54,360 --> 00:26:57,280 It's really neat to go back in time 419 00:26:57,320 --> 00:27:01,640 and see what some of these things look like 420 00:27:01,680 --> 00:27:04,000 and you find everything, it's really incredible. 421 00:27:04,040 --> 00:27:08,280 ..And the village has also been given a new kind of history. 422 00:27:08,880 --> 00:27:11,080 I don't know if they actually film some 423 00:27:11,120 --> 00:27:13,560 at the house we lived in at the top of the hill, 424 00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:16,320 my daughter tells me now I lived in district 12. 425 00:27:27,600 --> 00:27:29,960 Off the southwest coast of Japan 426 00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:33,400 is an obliterated and deserted island site. 427 00:27:36,600 --> 00:27:40,560 Once the thrilling backdrop for James Bond's bitter showdown 428 00:27:40,600 --> 00:27:42,080 in the movie 'skyfall'. 429 00:27:46,560 --> 00:27:49,040 A high wall surrounds the island. 430 00:27:50,760 --> 00:27:54,600 It's not clear what it was built to keep in or out. 431 00:27:55,760 --> 00:27:58,160 So what happened at this torn out site 432 00:27:58,960 --> 00:28:02,640 and what became of the 5,000 people who once lived here? 433 00:28:08,160 --> 00:28:10,520 This is hashima island. 434 00:28:12,920 --> 00:28:16,640 Former resident tomoji kobata remembers the first time 435 00:28:16,680 --> 00:28:18,320 he saw this place, 436 00:28:18,360 --> 00:28:21,080 known locally as battleship island. 437 00:28:24,240 --> 00:28:26,776 Translation: "When I saw the island from a ship for the first time, 438 00:28:26,800 --> 00:28:29,720 "I noticed that it really looked like a battleship. 439 00:28:32,160 --> 00:28:34,080 "Another thing I was surprised by 440 00:28:34,120 --> 00:28:36,960 "was the sheer number of reinforced concrete buildings." 441 00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:44,000 Derelict industrial structures reveal the true purpose of this site. 442 00:28:46,520 --> 00:28:50,040 Coal was first discovered here in the 19th century 443 00:28:50,840 --> 00:28:54,160 and four deep shafts were sunk to extract it. 444 00:28:55,600 --> 00:28:59,040 You're talking about digging a 200m deep mine 445 00:28:59,080 --> 00:29:01,480 in the sea next to this tiny little island, 446 00:29:01,520 --> 00:29:04,280 it's an incredible logistical challenge. 447 00:29:06,920 --> 00:29:08,440 The deeper you go into the mine, 448 00:29:08,480 --> 00:29:10,480 the more material you're bringing up. 449 00:29:11,320 --> 00:29:13,280 And to use that to backfill 450 00:29:13,320 --> 00:29:15,840 and make your island slightly bigger 451 00:29:15,880 --> 00:29:18,800 to maybe then house more miners so you can go even deeper. 452 00:29:20,920 --> 00:29:22,680 It kind of keeps going round and round. 453 00:29:22,720 --> 00:29:23,880 Where does it stop? 454 00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:26,680 By the 1970s, 455 00:29:26,720 --> 00:29:28,960 hashima island had tripled 456 00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:30,480 its natural size. 457 00:29:32,280 --> 00:29:34,000 Reclaiming land is actually 458 00:29:34,040 --> 00:29:35,640 a massive engineering challenge 459 00:29:35,680 --> 00:29:38,560 because you're working with water which moves. 460 00:29:39,760 --> 00:29:44,320 The levels come up and down, it can be quite acidic, quite salty, 461 00:29:44,360 --> 00:29:47,440 it corrodes man-made materials quite easily. 462 00:29:48,480 --> 00:29:52,200 Even so, it still became one of the most crowded places 463 00:29:52,240 --> 00:29:53,240 on earth. 464 00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:57,640 To a population density on hashima got to the point 465 00:29:57,680 --> 00:30:01,720 where it was double what civic engineers at that time 466 00:30:01,760 --> 00:30:03,920 would have recommended as being the maximum. 467 00:30:04,960 --> 00:30:09,480 Nine-storey blocks accommodated the rapidly expanding population. 468 00:30:12,400 --> 00:30:13,896 Translation: "There were no elevators at all 469 00:30:13,920 --> 00:30:15,480 "in these high rise buildings. 470 00:30:16,440 --> 00:30:18,240 "So people moved about horizontally. 471 00:30:20,200 --> 00:30:22,320 "There were lots of passageways going across 472 00:30:22,360 --> 00:30:24,680 "so we didn't need to go downstairs at all 473 00:30:24,720 --> 00:30:26,560 "to get from one building to another. 474 00:30:27,880 --> 00:30:30,440 "We could just walk across using the passageways." 475 00:30:34,440 --> 00:30:37,840 Productivity was high despite punishing temperatures 476 00:30:37,880 --> 00:30:42,360 close to 40 degrees celsius and 95% humidity. 477 00:30:43,480 --> 00:30:45,920 The working conditions here were brutal. 478 00:30:48,080 --> 00:30:49,960 Translation: "It was a really dangerous place. 479 00:30:51,480 --> 00:30:53,240 "Stones often fell from the ceiling. 480 00:30:56,400 --> 00:30:59,040 "It was like doing hard labour in a steam bath." 481 00:31:01,760 --> 00:31:03,720 With coal deposits depleted, 482 00:31:03,760 --> 00:31:08,640 mining operations ceased in 1974 and the population left. 483 00:31:16,280 --> 00:31:18,200 Nearly 40 years later, 484 00:31:18,240 --> 00:31:21,720 hashima island became a site of industrial heritage. 485 00:31:22,920 --> 00:31:26,920 And the perfect setting for James Bond to meet his match. 486 00:31:32,400 --> 00:31:35,600 The final site lies 1,000 miles from Tokyo 487 00:31:35,640 --> 00:31:37,960 on the Japanese island of okinawa. 488 00:31:44,360 --> 00:31:48,480 A steep hillside conceals a strange blend of ruins. 489 00:31:50,040 --> 00:31:54,280 We're looking across the water toward this rising ground, 490 00:31:54,320 --> 00:31:58,040 a dominating Ridge with some structures visible 491 00:31:58,080 --> 00:32:00,840 that look as though it's been reinforced, 492 00:32:00,880 --> 00:32:02,080 fortified perhaps. 493 00:32:03,800 --> 00:32:08,440 Somebody has taken serious care 494 00:32:08,480 --> 00:32:12,920 to turn these hills into fortifications. 495 00:32:14,920 --> 00:32:19,160 Descending into dense vegetation beyond the warning signs 496 00:32:19,200 --> 00:32:21,400 are entrances to another world. 497 00:32:23,120 --> 00:32:26,240 Built into a mountain you'd never even know 498 00:32:26,280 --> 00:32:27,720 this complex was here, 499 00:32:27,760 --> 00:32:29,840 it's pretty much impossible to access 500 00:32:29,880 --> 00:32:31,920 unless you were led inside. 501 00:32:33,480 --> 00:32:35,280 I also see evidence of battle, 502 00:32:35,320 --> 00:32:38,120 I see shell fragments or bullet holes around. 503 00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:42,560 It's interesting that in one of the chambers 504 00:32:42,600 --> 00:32:45,760 you can still see texts in Japanese 505 00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:48,600 that when it's translated into English reads, 506 00:32:48,640 --> 00:32:50,640 "destroy america." 507 00:32:53,240 --> 00:32:56,560 How did these underground facilities contribute 508 00:32:56,600 --> 00:33:00,800 to some of the bloodiest and most famous battles in history? 509 00:33:00,840 --> 00:33:04,920 On this Ridge are the remains of an important mediaeval castle, 510 00:33:05,520 --> 00:33:08,120 a site of spiritual significance. 511 00:33:08,840 --> 00:33:10,200 But to Americans, 512 00:33:10,240 --> 00:33:13,120 this Ridge means something else entirely, 513 00:33:13,160 --> 00:33:16,640 this is related to one of the most iconic stories 514 00:33:16,680 --> 00:33:17,880 in us history. 515 00:33:26,560 --> 00:33:30,040 Aki miyazato has spent the last decade investigating 516 00:33:30,080 --> 00:33:31,800 what happened on this island. 517 00:33:34,600 --> 00:33:39,080 So the writings in this wall says, "destroy america." 518 00:33:40,360 --> 00:33:44,720 So this is the commander rear admiral minoru ota's room 519 00:33:45,640 --> 00:33:47,800 and he sent a telegram, 520 00:33:47,840 --> 00:33:50,120 sent out to mainland Japan that... 521 00:33:51,360 --> 00:33:52,840 ..Praising okinawans. 522 00:33:54,520 --> 00:33:59,440 After that, on 13 June 1945 523 00:34:00,080 --> 00:34:02,960 he committed suicide in this room 524 00:34:03,000 --> 00:34:05,600 with his close officers. 525 00:34:08,360 --> 00:34:12,520 What led to this moment is an extraordinary tale of bravery 526 00:34:12,560 --> 00:34:14,040 and self-sacrifice. 527 00:34:15,440 --> 00:34:18,600 It is a remarkable and heroic story. 528 00:34:18,640 --> 00:34:21,280 You can see why it was picked up by Hollywood, 529 00:34:21,320 --> 00:34:23,600 it was made for the silver screen. 530 00:34:25,920 --> 00:34:28,480 26 April 1945, 531 00:34:29,520 --> 00:34:33,920 the maeda escarpment also known as hacksaw Ridge. 532 00:34:33,960 --> 00:34:37,560 Men of the us army's 77th infantry division 533 00:34:37,600 --> 00:34:38,960 were waiting anxiously 534 00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:42,400 beneath the almost vertical 120m cliff. 535 00:34:43,640 --> 00:34:47,480 Part of operation iceberg, the largest amphibious assault 536 00:34:47,520 --> 00:34:49,880 in the pacific theatre of world war ii. 537 00:34:52,080 --> 00:34:56,880 The Navy's fifth fleet and more than 180,000 us army 538 00:34:56,920 --> 00:35:00,080 and us marine corp troops descended on this island 539 00:35:00,120 --> 00:35:02,480 for one final push. 540 00:35:03,440 --> 00:35:06,960 Planners assumed that they would be resisted 541 00:35:07,000 --> 00:35:08,560 every step of the way. 542 00:35:08,600 --> 00:35:12,160 This was going to be Omaha beach all over again. 543 00:35:14,520 --> 00:35:17,920 At first, they encountered an eerie quiet... 544 00:35:19,560 --> 00:35:21,720 ..But the silence was soon shattered. 545 00:35:24,200 --> 00:35:29,880 They use naval gunfire support to absolutely muller the place. 546 00:35:29,920 --> 00:35:33,400 They bash hacksaw Ridge so hard 547 00:35:34,400 --> 00:35:38,240 that nothing is going to be left alive on the surface. 548 00:35:40,160 --> 00:35:42,960 Us infantry men clawed their way up ladders 549 00:35:43,000 --> 00:35:45,240 to the smoke-filled Ridge above, 550 00:35:45,920 --> 00:35:48,040 but the enemy was nowhere to be seen. 551 00:35:48,960 --> 00:35:50,520 But then, once they get onto the cliff 552 00:35:50,560 --> 00:35:54,240 the Japanese who are invisible just pop up and start blazing away. 553 00:35:55,200 --> 00:35:57,880 Caught off guard, the troops were driven back 554 00:35:57,920 --> 00:35:59,240 by a hail of gunfire. 555 00:35:59,920 --> 00:36:04,200 Among them was Desmond doss, a seventh-day adventist 556 00:36:04,240 --> 00:36:07,000 who refused to hold or fire a rifle. 557 00:36:07,920 --> 00:36:10,640 Instead of joining the retreat back down to the beach, 558 00:36:10,680 --> 00:36:14,080 doss continues to collect wounded up on this, you know, 559 00:36:14,120 --> 00:36:16,160 fire-ravaged Ridge top. 560 00:36:17,080 --> 00:36:20,320 Not only does doss rescue his own captain, 561 00:36:21,160 --> 00:36:25,360 but he also rescues 75 of his comrades. 562 00:36:26,560 --> 00:36:28,360 Doss isn't going to fight, 563 00:36:28,960 --> 00:36:33,480 but what doss is going to do is save American lives 564 00:36:33,520 --> 00:36:35,520 as long as he possibly can. 565 00:36:38,240 --> 00:36:41,520 Carrying them one by one to the edge of the escarpment, 566 00:36:41,560 --> 00:36:44,200 he lowered them by rope down the cliff face. 567 00:36:44,920 --> 00:36:46,840 Yet doss individual bravery 568 00:36:46,880 --> 00:36:50,040 couldn't mask his battalion's colossal losses. 569 00:36:52,360 --> 00:36:55,920 When the us landed they met almost no resistance. 570 00:36:55,960 --> 00:36:59,480 But that was the plan, to draw them in close 571 00:36:59,520 --> 00:37:02,760 and then emerge from this network of underground tunnels. 572 00:37:03,440 --> 00:37:07,680 This way they could engage them in hand-to-hand combat. 573 00:37:08,760 --> 00:37:11,160 They're retreating into these fortifications, 574 00:37:11,200 --> 00:37:13,440 forcing the Americans to dig them out 575 00:37:13,480 --> 00:37:15,200 such as they had to do at iwo jima 576 00:37:15,240 --> 00:37:16,920 and take tremendous casualties. 577 00:37:17,720 --> 00:37:20,240 So this, in turn, makes the American approach 578 00:37:20,280 --> 00:37:21,440 much more brutal. 579 00:37:21,480 --> 00:37:22,776 The Americans are forced to kind of 580 00:37:22,800 --> 00:37:24,320 pry them out of the rocks. 581 00:37:25,520 --> 00:37:31,000 They're using the inherent strength of defensive warfare 582 00:37:31,040 --> 00:37:32,320 to their advantage. 583 00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:35,360 According to classic military theory, 584 00:37:35,400 --> 00:37:40,160 if you're going in against a well-prepared enemy 585 00:37:40,200 --> 00:37:42,360 in entrenched positions, 586 00:37:42,400 --> 00:37:45,480 you had better have a six-to-one advantage 587 00:37:45,520 --> 00:37:47,720 otherwise, it's not going to happen. 588 00:37:48,960 --> 00:37:51,320 The Japanese were so outnumbered 589 00:37:51,360 --> 00:37:54,760 that every able-bodied okinawan was drafted in. 590 00:37:55,840 --> 00:37:59,120 Schoolboys were used as front line soldiers, 591 00:37:59,160 --> 00:38:03,240 and schoolgirls as nurses in makeshift underground hospitals. 592 00:38:04,600 --> 00:38:07,600 Scorched timber from American flame throwers 593 00:38:07,640 --> 00:38:10,880 is testament to the horrors these children were exposed to. 594 00:38:13,640 --> 00:38:17,720 Once the Japanese positions beneath hacksaw Ridge were destroyed, 595 00:38:17,760 --> 00:38:19,760 us forces moved south 596 00:38:19,800 --> 00:38:22,880 towards the strategically vital airfield at naha. 597 00:38:23,720 --> 00:38:27,400 Here they were confronted with another underground fortress, 598 00:38:27,440 --> 00:38:29,960 built into the hill overlooking the airport. 599 00:38:31,520 --> 00:38:35,320 This place was meant to house a naval staff 600 00:38:35,360 --> 00:38:39,080 and a really serious communications capability. 601 00:38:41,200 --> 00:38:43,080 So this is the signal room, 602 00:38:43,120 --> 00:38:45,480 where there are several signal operators 603 00:38:45,520 --> 00:38:49,560 sending a message to mainland Japan 604 00:38:49,600 --> 00:38:54,640 as well as military Navy receiving and sending, 605 00:38:54,680 --> 00:38:58,160 but decoding is done by a different room 606 00:38:58,200 --> 00:38:59,520 and different operators. 607 00:39:02,080 --> 00:39:06,160 This is the former underground naval headquarters, 608 00:39:06,200 --> 00:39:09,000 nearly 500m of cavernous tunnels. 609 00:39:11,000 --> 00:39:14,720 You had to have room for the admiral, the flagstaff, 610 00:39:14,760 --> 00:39:17,160 broader staff, signallers 611 00:39:17,200 --> 00:39:22,240 and thousands of Japanese soldiers to defend the place. 612 00:39:23,280 --> 00:39:26,120 It was built to be hard to crack 613 00:39:26,160 --> 00:39:30,800 and it was built to last against a heavy American assault. 614 00:39:33,280 --> 00:39:35,480 And it was about to be put to the test. 615 00:39:36,440 --> 00:39:40,000 The 6th marine division having captured naha airport 616 00:39:40,040 --> 00:39:42,040 encircled this bunker network. 617 00:39:43,760 --> 00:39:47,200 The Navy couldn't fight back too much 618 00:39:47,240 --> 00:39:51,720 and then only way they could do is with the Spears, 619 00:39:51,760 --> 00:39:56,720 they went outside and ended up getting hit. 620 00:39:57,560 --> 00:40:01,440 They couldn't fight back anymore, they had to stay inside. 621 00:40:02,720 --> 00:40:06,560 Yet the evidence suggests these tunnels may have seen combat. 622 00:40:08,120 --> 00:40:12,160 In these dark underground caverns, you can't help but notice 623 00:40:12,200 --> 00:40:15,040 that some of the walls are covered in pot marks 624 00:40:15,080 --> 00:40:16,720 and what look like bullet holes. 625 00:40:18,360 --> 00:40:20,320 So did American forces manage 626 00:40:20,360 --> 00:40:22,600 to penetrate this formidable facility? 627 00:40:23,280 --> 00:40:25,400 Admiral ota saying that 628 00:40:25,440 --> 00:40:30,160 "if this is the end of our operation and we are committing suicide, 629 00:40:30,200 --> 00:40:32,080 "but you are free to go." 630 00:40:32,120 --> 00:40:34,200 It's hard to believe, you know, 631 00:40:34,240 --> 00:40:39,280 a commander would not force a lower soldiers 632 00:40:39,320 --> 00:40:42,800 to commit suicide, so it's a very, very rare. 633 00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:47,680 Once he had sent his final message, 634 00:40:48,240 --> 00:40:51,560 admiral ota took out his personal weapon 635 00:40:52,600 --> 00:40:55,440 and he shot himself in front of his staff. 636 00:40:56,400 --> 00:40:58,560 And from the holes in the wall 637 00:40:58,600 --> 00:41:02,400 we can see that all of his staff, 638 00:41:03,040 --> 00:41:07,120 two a man, shot themselves afterwards. 639 00:41:08,280 --> 00:41:12,760 Japanese culture said it is better to die a suicide 640 00:41:12,800 --> 00:41:14,080 than to surrender, 641 00:41:14,880 --> 00:41:19,000 and ota and his staff died heroes 642 00:41:19,040 --> 00:41:20,720 in the Japanese culture. 643 00:41:21,920 --> 00:41:26,320 Short of guns, some officers had to improvise with grenades, 644 00:41:27,480 --> 00:41:29,760 others were found with their throats cut. 645 00:41:31,680 --> 00:41:34,600 Many of the regular soldiers chose to stay 646 00:41:34,640 --> 00:41:37,320 and prepare to fight to the bitter end. 647 00:41:38,800 --> 00:41:41,280 Instead of fighting for control of these tunnels, 648 00:41:41,320 --> 00:41:45,160 Americans just detonate all the tunnel entrances, 649 00:41:45,200 --> 00:41:47,160 close them up with rubble. 650 00:41:48,720 --> 00:41:50,720 And they waited a good long time 651 00:41:50,760 --> 00:41:54,080 to make sure that there would be no resistance 652 00:41:54,120 --> 00:41:55,280 when they went down there. 653 00:41:55,320 --> 00:41:58,200 When American forces did go into those tunnels, 654 00:41:58,240 --> 00:42:02,600 they found thousands of bodies of Japanese naval personnel. 655 00:42:03,840 --> 00:42:06,560 The battle of okinawa was one of the bloodiest 656 00:42:06,600 --> 00:42:08,200 of world war ii, 657 00:42:08,240 --> 00:42:13,640 200,000 Japanese were killed, many of them civilians and children, 658 00:42:13,680 --> 00:42:17,160 12,500 on the American side. 659 00:42:17,800 --> 00:42:21,200 In 1970, the former naval headquarters 660 00:42:21,240 --> 00:42:22,880 were converted into a museum 661 00:42:22,920 --> 00:42:27,040 and in 2006, Desmond doss' story was immortalised 662 00:42:27,080 --> 00:42:30,160 by the Hollywood film 'hacksaw Ridge'. 663 00:42:30,200 --> 00:42:32,360 And that film brought it to the forefront 664 00:42:32,400 --> 00:42:33,480 of popular culture. 665 00:42:34,680 --> 00:42:36,680 'Hacksaw Ridge' is a film 666 00:42:36,720 --> 00:42:40,280 which is as anti-war 667 00:42:40,320 --> 00:42:42,680 as any war film gets, 668 00:42:43,480 --> 00:42:50,360 and it implants itself into the American consciousness 669 00:42:50,400 --> 00:42:52,040 at the same time 670 00:42:52,080 --> 00:42:56,000 that Iraq and Afghanistan are going badly wrong. 671 00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:01,520 Having been shot 672 00:43:01,560 --> 00:43:05,320 and taking 17 pieces of shrapnel at hacksaw Ridge, 673 00:43:05,920 --> 00:43:08,600 Desmond doss was rewarded with a medal of honour 674 00:43:08,640 --> 00:43:10,040 for his selfless act there. 675 00:43:21,280 --> 00:43:23,960 'Hacksaw Ridge' is actually a good story, isn't it? 676 00:43:24,000 --> 00:43:26,360 The soldier helped others 677 00:43:26,960 --> 00:43:31,560 and we believe that both, you know, Americans and Japanese, okinawans 678 00:43:31,600 --> 00:43:33,200 share the history together. 679 00:43:33,240 --> 00:43:37,200 And then what we do is pray for hope 680 00:43:37,240 --> 00:43:39,640 for the eternal peace. 681 00:43:39,680 --> 00:43:42,680 Captioned by ai-media ai-media. TV 56324

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