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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:03,680 --> 00:00:05,640 Tom ward (narrates): Four huge scaffolds 2 00:00:05,680 --> 00:00:08,400 dominating a remote Alaskan mountain. 3 00:00:08,440 --> 00:00:12,040 These structures don't look super technological, 4 00:00:12,080 --> 00:00:14,320 they're like giant billboards. 5 00:00:14,360 --> 00:00:17,160 But they were part of what was in it's day 6 00:00:17,200 --> 00:00:19,800 the most sophisticated technology we had. 7 00:00:23,600 --> 00:00:27,400 A war torn ruin left standing in the shadow of North Korea. 8 00:00:28,680 --> 00:00:31,120 If you went in to the building 9 00:00:31,160 --> 00:00:35,200 you would quite possibly come out in a box 10 00:00:35,240 --> 00:00:37,800 and if you came out upright 11 00:00:37,840 --> 00:00:41,960 you might come out shattered beyond sanity. 12 00:00:44,120 --> 00:00:46,720 A factory complex in an idyllic valley 13 00:00:46,760 --> 00:00:49,280 that is not quite what it seems. 14 00:00:49,320 --> 00:00:50,800 You start to see clues 15 00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:53,960 that this place might not have been so friendly after all. 16 00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:57,200 The big heavy metal door on the rock face, 17 00:00:57,240 --> 00:00:59,040 how are they trying to keep out 18 00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:01,360 or what were they trying to keep in? 19 00:01:01,400 --> 00:01:05,800 A medieval castle that became the playground of a vengeful killer. 20 00:01:05,840 --> 00:01:08,560 So, either the bloody countess 21 00:01:08,600 --> 00:01:13,120 was a stone cold mass murderer of young girls 22 00:01:13,160 --> 00:01:17,240 or she was a powerful but innocent woman 23 00:01:17,280 --> 00:01:20,120 framed by her unscrupulous rivals. 24 00:01:26,240 --> 00:01:27,480 Decaying relics. 25 00:01:29,040 --> 00:01:30,760 Ruins of lost worlds. 26 00:01:32,040 --> 00:01:36,280 Forged through years of toil now haunted by the past. 27 00:01:37,960 --> 00:01:41,280 Their secrets waiting to be revealed. 28 00:01:55,680 --> 00:01:59,920 Slovakia, 60 miles from the capital Bratislava. 29 00:01:59,960 --> 00:02:02,560 An imposing hilltop structure was the scene 30 00:02:02,600 --> 00:02:05,480 of one of the 17th centuries bloodiest scandals. 31 00:02:09,400 --> 00:02:13,040 Looking up on to the hillside clearly man has made 32 00:02:13,080 --> 00:02:18,240 it's Mark here in a very fortified, defensive kind of way. 33 00:02:18,280 --> 00:02:21,320 It doesn't seem big enough to be a fort 34 00:02:21,360 --> 00:02:26,200 and dare I say it's not grand enough to be a place. 35 00:02:28,280 --> 00:02:30,960 Two towers loom over the grounds, 36 00:02:31,000 --> 00:02:34,280 one leads in to a three metre deep pit. 37 00:02:34,320 --> 00:02:37,960 It's a hole in the ground, it looks like a dungeon. 38 00:02:38,960 --> 00:02:43,360 The other tower is reduced to just one perilous standing wall. 39 00:02:43,400 --> 00:02:45,760 This isn't just nature has destroyed this, 40 00:02:45,800 --> 00:02:48,600 there's been some kind of deliberate effort too. 41 00:02:48,640 --> 00:02:52,040 The perimeter walls lined with Cannon battlements 42 00:02:52,080 --> 00:02:54,240 suggest a violent past. 43 00:02:54,280 --> 00:02:57,200 If you're expecting uninvited guests 44 00:02:57,240 --> 00:02:59,000 this is the perfect spot to be, 45 00:02:59,040 --> 00:03:01,160 it looks like it's ready for an attack. 46 00:03:02,600 --> 00:03:06,760 The events that took place here became folk law then legend. 47 00:03:06,800 --> 00:03:09,800 A reminder that history is written by the Victors. 48 00:03:14,960 --> 00:03:19,920 In 1610 blood curdling screams were echoing from the basement, 49 00:03:19,960 --> 00:03:22,960 young women are suffering unbearable torture 50 00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:24,240 at the hands of a psychopath. 51 00:03:27,680 --> 00:03:29,880 It was eight girls 52 00:03:29,920 --> 00:03:32,200 who suffered this way. 53 00:03:32,240 --> 00:03:35,640 Marcela bednarova grew up hearing the terrible stories 54 00:03:35,680 --> 00:03:37,520 surrounding this place. 55 00:03:37,560 --> 00:03:39,360 The girls were humiliated... 56 00:03:40,680 --> 00:03:44,920 And there was some psychological and sexual torture as well. 57 00:03:46,640 --> 00:03:51,440 They were waiting for their destiny in shackles. 58 00:03:51,480 --> 00:03:53,400 The girls were made to stand naked 59 00:03:53,440 --> 00:03:55,640 in a cold cellar for days. 60 00:03:55,680 --> 00:04:00,080 The rumours surrounding this place are extremely disturbing 61 00:04:00,120 --> 00:04:03,920 and we don't know exactly what happened here 62 00:04:03,960 --> 00:04:06,400 but everyone who knows something about this place 63 00:04:06,440 --> 00:04:08,880 agrees that it was terrible. 64 00:04:10,280 --> 00:04:13,640 This is cachtice castle, 65 00:04:13,680 --> 00:04:18,160 built in the 13th century to defend the border of the Hungarian empire, 66 00:04:18,200 --> 00:04:20,720 for generations the castle was traded 67 00:04:20,760 --> 00:04:23,800 between warring noble families 68 00:04:23,840 --> 00:04:25,680 until 1604 69 00:04:25,720 --> 00:04:28,800 when countess Elizabeth Bathory changed the castle 70 00:04:28,840 --> 00:04:31,440 and the town of cachtice forever. 71 00:04:34,160 --> 00:04:36,800 When Elizabeth in her early 40s as a widow 72 00:04:36,840 --> 00:04:38,800 moved full time into the castle 73 00:04:38,840 --> 00:04:42,000 she must have appeared unbelievably glamorous 74 00:04:42,040 --> 00:04:44,160 to the local villagers with their hard lives, 75 00:04:44,200 --> 00:04:47,000 she had the sort of youthful glow about her. 76 00:04:49,000 --> 00:04:52,320 Elizabeth inherited the castle upon the death of her husband, 77 00:04:52,360 --> 00:04:55,520 a member of the powerful nadasdy family. 78 00:04:55,560 --> 00:04:57,520 She inherited all of this property 79 00:04:57,560 --> 00:05:02,000 and suddenly she was the head of a wealthy noble household. 80 00:05:02,040 --> 00:05:05,560 Possibly one of the most powerful single women 81 00:05:05,600 --> 00:05:08,200 in Hungary at the time. 82 00:05:08,240 --> 00:05:11,440 In a period when women were largely treated as second class citizens. 83 00:05:13,200 --> 00:05:15,800 She invited young women into these rooms 84 00:05:15,840 --> 00:05:18,440 to sweep the floors and cook her meals. 85 00:05:20,720 --> 00:05:24,440 In her 40s she's there offering the school 86 00:05:24,480 --> 00:05:27,600 basically for other young noble women, 87 00:05:27,640 --> 00:05:29,960 it wasn't uncommon, it was a normal thing to do 88 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:31,960 to go and live with another family 89 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:33,600 and learn how to housekeep, 90 00:05:33,640 --> 00:05:36,680 how to prepare for marriage and life ahead. 91 00:05:38,760 --> 00:05:41,320 But the true cruelty of the Hungarian nobility 92 00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:42,960 was about to be exposed. 93 00:05:44,120 --> 00:05:46,040 Rumours started to circulate, 94 00:05:46,080 --> 00:05:49,000 the girls who went to cachtice castle 95 00:05:49,040 --> 00:05:51,080 didn't always come back. 96 00:05:52,760 --> 00:05:55,280 On the 29 December 1610 97 00:05:55,320 --> 00:05:57,760 soldiers stormed through the castle gates 98 00:05:57,800 --> 00:05:59,240 and searched the grounds. 99 00:06:01,320 --> 00:06:05,840 When the soldiers looked around 100 00:06:05,880 --> 00:06:09,080 they found one dead girl 101 00:06:09,120 --> 00:06:12,760 then two girls were reported injured 102 00:06:12,800 --> 00:06:17,240 and almost dying with visible marks of cruelty or violence. 103 00:06:19,200 --> 00:06:20,800 One of them was already dead 104 00:06:20,840 --> 00:06:23,360 but the others had just enough life force 105 00:06:23,400 --> 00:06:26,360 to point the finger at her killer. 106 00:06:26,400 --> 00:06:27,640 Elizabeth. 107 00:06:29,440 --> 00:06:32,480 The young widow may have been a woman in a man's world 108 00:06:32,520 --> 00:06:35,360 but she also had a reputation for barbarism. 109 00:06:36,680 --> 00:06:39,160 It's said that she physically hurt her students 110 00:06:39,200 --> 00:06:41,240 for minor infractions 111 00:06:41,280 --> 00:06:44,840 like folding the sheets wrong or spilling water. 112 00:06:44,880 --> 00:06:48,360 Even for just looking at her the wrong way. 113 00:06:48,400 --> 00:06:52,960 The punishments ranged stories say everything from er, 114 00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:56,880 just a slap around the face to drawing blood 115 00:06:56,920 --> 00:06:59,680 and then it got more and more gruesome. 116 00:06:59,720 --> 00:07:03,440 Supposedly she would prick them with sewing needles. 117 00:07:03,480 --> 00:07:05,640 She bit them until she drew blood, 118 00:07:05,680 --> 00:07:07,280 she smeared honey on them 119 00:07:07,320 --> 00:07:10,040 and exposed them to bees and ants. 120 00:07:10,080 --> 00:07:12,680 Cut them with scissors. 121 00:07:12,720 --> 00:07:15,360 Scald them with hot metal bars. 122 00:07:15,400 --> 00:07:18,600 Leaving girls out in the cold to freeze to death. 123 00:07:19,880 --> 00:07:24,400 And one of her most notorious acts happened inside the castles dungeon. 124 00:07:24,440 --> 00:07:29,680 Elizabeth needed her main house free 125 00:07:29,720 --> 00:07:35,000 because she expected a visit of her daughter, Anna. 126 00:07:35,040 --> 00:07:40,600 So, she ordered the girls to move up to the castle 127 00:07:40,640 --> 00:07:43,680 to stay there during the daughter's visit. 128 00:07:43,720 --> 00:07:47,560 The girls were made to stand naked in the cold cellar for days, 129 00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:50,920 when they were let out some of them could barely even walk. 130 00:07:52,280 --> 00:07:54,080 And they were killed very soon afterwards. 131 00:07:56,000 --> 00:08:00,240 It's said that Elizabeth Bathory killed up to 600 young girls, 132 00:08:00,280 --> 00:08:03,120 she literally has a guinness world record for it. 133 00:08:05,120 --> 00:08:08,440 The rumours of her savagery go all the way back to her childhood. 134 00:08:11,960 --> 00:08:16,040 She came from a family notorious for it's alcoholism, 135 00:08:16,080 --> 00:08:19,320 incest and sexual deviancy. 136 00:08:19,360 --> 00:08:23,400 When she was young she suffered from terrible migraines 137 00:08:23,440 --> 00:08:27,600 which her family diagnosed as demonic possession. 138 00:08:27,640 --> 00:08:32,480 It's said that she even bathed in the blood of her victims. 139 00:08:32,520 --> 00:08:34,720 That might explain the youthful complexion. 140 00:08:36,360 --> 00:08:37,960 The soldiers arrested Elizabeth. 141 00:08:39,280 --> 00:08:41,920 She was tried and banished to her castle tower 142 00:08:41,960 --> 00:08:43,560 for the rest of her days. 143 00:08:43,600 --> 00:08:46,120 The tyranny of the bloody countess was over. 144 00:08:48,800 --> 00:08:51,960 But not everything is as it seems in this grim fairytale. 145 00:08:54,760 --> 00:08:58,800 There's one thing that doesn't quite add up here. 146 00:08:58,840 --> 00:09:00,600 Out of an alleged 147 00:09:00,640 --> 00:09:05,040 600 or more victims of Elizabeth 148 00:09:05,080 --> 00:09:10,200 we haven't found a single grave or a single skeleton. 149 00:09:11,360 --> 00:09:13,240 Nothing. 150 00:09:13,280 --> 00:09:16,080 The man who arrested her and found all the bodies 151 00:09:16,120 --> 00:09:19,560 just so happened to be head of a rival house 152 00:09:19,600 --> 00:09:24,840 in the neighbouring province which is unreliable and suspicious. 153 00:09:25,880 --> 00:09:28,760 Elizabeth was clever, she was literate, 154 00:09:28,800 --> 00:09:32,360 she could speak four languages but she was also a woman, 155 00:09:32,400 --> 00:09:34,680 she had a massive target on her back. 156 00:09:35,840 --> 00:09:37,320 Looking at this as a lawyer 157 00:09:37,360 --> 00:09:39,680 despite concerns over the evidence 158 00:09:39,720 --> 00:09:41,160 I can't help but think 159 00:09:41,200 --> 00:09:44,480 there was something ghastly going on in that castle. 160 00:09:44,520 --> 00:09:48,720 It's very rare that there's any smoke without fire. 161 00:09:48,760 --> 00:09:52,120 So, either Elizabeth Bathory 162 00:09:52,160 --> 00:09:53,800 the bloody countess 163 00:09:53,840 --> 00:09:58,480 was a stone cold mass murderer of young girls. 164 00:09:59,680 --> 00:10:02,800 Or she was a powerful 165 00:10:02,840 --> 00:10:06,920 but innocent woman framed by her unscrupulous rivals. 166 00:10:08,320 --> 00:10:09,640 You may never know for sure. 167 00:10:16,960 --> 00:10:19,360 The castle stood for another 100 years 168 00:10:19,400 --> 00:10:21,960 until it was sacked in a rebellion. 169 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:24,000 What remains is open to tourists 170 00:10:24,040 --> 00:10:27,080 seeking to learn about the legend of Elizabeth Bathory. 171 00:10:36,600 --> 00:10:39,200 In the remote north west of Alaska 172 00:10:39,240 --> 00:10:42,960 a cluster of constructions loom over a barren landscape. 173 00:10:47,880 --> 00:10:50,960 Only 150 miles from Russia 174 00:10:51,000 --> 00:10:56,280 sit these curved steel monoliths of the crest of anvil mountain. 175 00:10:57,840 --> 00:11:01,560 There's not a tree, there's not a barely a bush 176 00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:04,040 and rising up on the top of this hill 177 00:11:04,080 --> 00:11:06,920 are these four huge structures 178 00:11:06,960 --> 00:11:12,200 they almost look like some warped Salvador dali idea of a billboard. 179 00:11:12,240 --> 00:11:14,160 It's almost like they've left 180 00:11:14,200 --> 00:11:18,000 a segment of a modern art museum 181 00:11:18,040 --> 00:11:21,840 propped up by some kind of scaffolding 182 00:11:21,880 --> 00:11:24,000 right here in the middle of nowhere. 183 00:11:25,280 --> 00:11:29,600 Their simple form belies their once crucial function. 184 00:11:29,640 --> 00:11:32,640 Very top secret I mean it was, it was high 185 00:11:32,680 --> 00:11:34,920 er, you know high security up there 186 00:11:34,960 --> 00:11:37,200 because this was all cutting edge technology. 187 00:11:37,240 --> 00:11:38,976 When you think about it for a second it's clear 188 00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:41,280 it's some sort of communication device 189 00:11:41,320 --> 00:11:44,680 whether it's for radar or microwaves or something 190 00:11:44,720 --> 00:11:47,240 but it's not clear what exactly. 191 00:11:52,840 --> 00:11:56,440 Richard beneville is the mayor of the nearby town of nome 192 00:11:56,480 --> 00:11:59,320 and this site holds a particular resonance for him. 193 00:12:00,960 --> 00:12:04,720 Sometimes I feel like it's walking among the pyramids, 194 00:12:04,760 --> 00:12:08,160 I'm very proud sometimes to what mankind can do. 195 00:12:08,200 --> 00:12:11,200 I feel a sense of pride, I know that this site worked. 196 00:12:12,840 --> 00:12:14,280 The roots of this facility 197 00:12:14,320 --> 00:12:16,840 can be traced back to the 19th century 198 00:12:16,880 --> 00:12:19,680 when Alaska became American property. 199 00:12:19,720 --> 00:12:23,320 A time when Russian and the us were allies. 200 00:12:23,360 --> 00:12:26,720 At the time that the us purchased Alaska from Russia 201 00:12:26,760 --> 00:12:28,200 it was a very good investment, 202 00:12:28,240 --> 00:12:30,200 I don't think anybody anticipated that would, 203 00:12:30,240 --> 00:12:33,760 that Russia would become our biggest geopolitical foe. 204 00:12:35,080 --> 00:12:38,800 In 1949, the Soviet union shocked the world 205 00:12:38,840 --> 00:12:41,120 when it detonated it's first atomic bomb 206 00:12:41,160 --> 00:12:43,480 at a test site in Kazakhstan, 207 00:12:43,520 --> 00:12:47,920 a Soviet nuclear attack was now a very real possibility. 208 00:12:53,480 --> 00:12:56,120 In the 1950s the nuclear arms race 209 00:12:56,160 --> 00:12:57,600 between the Soviet union 210 00:12:57,640 --> 00:13:00,200 and the United States was ramping up. 211 00:13:00,240 --> 00:13:03,680 Local resident Richard beneville remembers this time well. 212 00:13:05,080 --> 00:13:07,520 I knew every night I went to bed 213 00:13:07,560 --> 00:13:09,840 that the planes on the flight line 214 00:13:09,880 --> 00:13:12,640 had the bombs in them 24/7 215 00:13:12,680 --> 00:13:14,880 ready to go in about a five minute notice. 216 00:13:14,920 --> 00:13:18,480 That was the cold war that this 18 year old kid. 217 00:13:20,520 --> 00:13:22,000 The problem in Alaska 218 00:13:22,040 --> 00:13:24,440 was how to communicate an incoming threat 219 00:13:24,480 --> 00:13:26,120 and respond accordingly. 220 00:13:27,680 --> 00:13:31,120 If your radar detected 221 00:13:31,160 --> 00:13:34,200 Soviet bombers on their way 222 00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:40,120 to bomb america you'd want to tell somebody right away. 223 00:13:40,160 --> 00:13:42,720 And the problem here was that 224 00:13:42,760 --> 00:13:48,640 all they had was old fashioned copper wire telephone technology. 225 00:13:48,680 --> 00:13:50,640 There's no roads around most of the state, 226 00:13:50,680 --> 00:13:53,520 there's no telegraph wires, there's no telephone wires. 227 00:13:53,560 --> 00:13:54,960 At one point from nome 228 00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:58,640 they could only send one telephone call at a time. 229 00:13:58,680 --> 00:14:01,440 Huge distances made communication difficult 230 00:14:01,480 --> 00:14:03,320 even high frequency signals 231 00:14:03,360 --> 00:14:04,360 would fizzle out 232 00:14:04,400 --> 00:14:05,840 when the northern lights appeared. 233 00:14:07,200 --> 00:14:11,320 Telecommunications functioned strictly by line of site 234 00:14:11,360 --> 00:14:13,520 so the rapid transmission of information 235 00:14:13,560 --> 00:14:15,480 over long distances was impossible. 236 00:14:17,640 --> 00:14:21,160 A new communications infrastructure was imperative 237 00:14:21,200 --> 00:14:23,520 but what technology could effectively deal 238 00:14:23,560 --> 00:14:24,880 with this latest threat. 239 00:14:27,320 --> 00:14:30,920 Alaska has a really interesting place 240 00:14:30,960 --> 00:14:32,640 in the history of the cold war 241 00:14:32,680 --> 00:14:34,480 because it is so close to Russia 242 00:14:34,520 --> 00:14:36,360 and it is so close to the north pole. 243 00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:39,280 At the end of world war two, 244 00:14:39,320 --> 00:14:41,400 Alaska's defences were focused 245 00:14:41,440 --> 00:14:44,000 on fighting a southern foe 246 00:14:44,040 --> 00:14:46,120 not one that was coming over the north pole. 247 00:14:48,120 --> 00:14:50,520 If Soviet bombers came over the horizon 248 00:14:50,560 --> 00:14:54,240 there was no effective warning system in place, 249 00:14:54,280 --> 00:14:56,760 a solution was found with this. 250 00:14:56,800 --> 00:14:58,200 White Alice. 251 00:14:58,240 --> 00:14:59,440 A radio station 252 00:14:59,480 --> 00:15:02,840 with an extensive air force telecommunications network. 253 00:15:04,120 --> 00:15:05,640 They were part of the do line, 254 00:15:05,680 --> 00:15:09,280 the do line which collected information 255 00:15:09,320 --> 00:15:11,400 actually from the top of Scotland all the way 256 00:15:11,440 --> 00:15:14,680 across north Atlantic, Iceland, Greenland, Canada, 257 00:15:14,720 --> 00:15:18,320 keeping track, keeping a radar net over the north pole. 258 00:15:21,200 --> 00:15:24,120 Their name is widely believed to be an acronym. 259 00:15:24,160 --> 00:15:26,800 White for the snow covered location 260 00:15:26,840 --> 00:15:28,360 and Alice which stands 261 00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:32,120 for Alaska integrated communication and electronics. 262 00:15:34,160 --> 00:15:39,120 Typical white Alice site consists of four dishes 263 00:15:39,160 --> 00:15:44,520 grouped in pairs to receive and transmit signals 264 00:15:44,560 --> 00:15:46,080 to and from neighbouring stations. 265 00:15:48,760 --> 00:15:51,680 Since they couldn't just send radio signal 266 00:15:51,720 --> 00:15:53,680 in a straight line to the next receiver 267 00:15:53,720 --> 00:15:54,920 it was too far away, 268 00:15:54,960 --> 00:15:58,320 they would aim it up at an angle in to the sky 269 00:15:58,360 --> 00:16:00,640 where would bounce off a layer of the atmosphere, 270 00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:02,640 it would bounce off the troposphere 271 00:16:02,680 --> 00:16:05,480 and then come back down hundreds of miles away 272 00:16:05,520 --> 00:16:07,320 and be received at the other end. 273 00:16:09,120 --> 00:16:14,120 The system is called forward propagating tropospheric scatter. 274 00:16:14,160 --> 00:16:16,000 Tropospheric scattering 275 00:16:16,040 --> 00:16:18,760 has many advantages over other technologies 276 00:16:18,800 --> 00:16:21,400 because bouncing signals off the atmosphere 277 00:16:21,440 --> 00:16:24,720 means that the hubs don't need a clear line of sight 278 00:16:24,760 --> 00:16:29,040 which is particularly advantageous in mountainous regions of Alaska. 279 00:16:31,120 --> 00:16:33,400 This process meant that white Alice sites 280 00:16:33,440 --> 00:16:36,160 could be 200 miles apart, 281 00:16:36,200 --> 00:16:38,920 they could also handle multiple phone calls 282 00:16:38,960 --> 00:16:40,280 at the same time 283 00:16:40,320 --> 00:16:44,760 and crucially for the military they were secure. 284 00:16:45,960 --> 00:16:48,120 A transmission beamed from one spot 285 00:16:48,160 --> 00:16:52,920 could only be received at another precise spot 286 00:16:52,960 --> 00:16:55,800 and that made it virtually impossible to intercept. 287 00:16:57,920 --> 00:17:00,680 This network of linked sites would be crucial 288 00:17:00,720 --> 00:17:03,160 against the various cold war threats. 289 00:17:05,480 --> 00:17:08,040 Across northern Alaska 290 00:17:08,080 --> 00:17:10,960 there were a whole range of stations 291 00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:14,040 designed to detect first incoming bombers 292 00:17:14,080 --> 00:17:16,800 and then later as missiles became a bigger threat 293 00:17:16,840 --> 00:17:19,720 radar systems er, to detect 294 00:17:19,760 --> 00:17:21,200 whether missiles had been launched 295 00:17:21,240 --> 00:17:23,360 and were headed to the heartland of the us. 296 00:17:25,520 --> 00:17:29,560 The 31 original white Alice sites took three years to build... 297 00:17:31,200 --> 00:17:34,400 With the first station operational in 1956. 298 00:17:36,160 --> 00:17:39,720 But constructing these vast antennas was no easy task. 299 00:17:41,320 --> 00:17:44,160 We're about 700 miles to the nearest highway, 300 00:17:44,200 --> 00:17:47,280 we're about 750 miles from Anchorage 301 00:17:47,320 --> 00:17:48,960 so we are way out there 302 00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:54,440 right where the baring strait and Russia almost meet. 303 00:17:54,480 --> 00:17:56,600 So, to build these installations 304 00:17:56,640 --> 00:17:59,040 they had to not just fly in equipment, 305 00:17:59,080 --> 00:18:00,600 they used dog sleds, 306 00:18:00,640 --> 00:18:05,440 they were really out there in primitive brutal conditions. 307 00:18:05,480 --> 00:18:08,840 The enemy was time and weather, 308 00:18:08,880 --> 00:18:12,520 hundreds of tonnes of metal had to be bought in by air. 309 00:18:12,560 --> 00:18:16,920 This was a steel Jigsaw puzzle 310 00:18:16,960 --> 00:18:20,400 that had to be assembled quickly and effectively 311 00:18:20,440 --> 00:18:22,080 and had to be strong enough 312 00:18:22,120 --> 00:18:25,520 to withstand the extremes of Alaskan storms. 313 00:18:27,040 --> 00:18:29,160 It was the latest and most sophisticated 314 00:18:29,200 --> 00:18:31,640 telecommunications technology in the world. 315 00:18:34,400 --> 00:18:38,320 The us even connected Hawaii and the Philippines 316 00:18:38,360 --> 00:18:40,880 through the pacific scatter system 317 00:18:40,920 --> 00:18:44,400 but the biggest impact was on Alaska itself. 318 00:18:44,440 --> 00:18:47,840 It unified the region in ways 319 00:18:47,880 --> 00:18:49,680 that no other technology could have done. 320 00:18:52,560 --> 00:18:56,000 However construction was extremely expensive. 321 00:18:56,040 --> 00:19:01,040 The total bill came to a staggering $300 million. 322 00:19:01,080 --> 00:19:03,240 Initially they thought they needed six people 323 00:19:03,280 --> 00:19:06,600 and 25 kilowatts to operate the site 324 00:19:06,640 --> 00:19:09,680 but actually in the end they needed 20 people 325 00:19:09,720 --> 00:19:14,800 and about 120 to 180 kilowatts of electrical power 326 00:19:14,840 --> 00:19:16,360 just to operate the system. 327 00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:19,920 Before white Alice was even complete 328 00:19:19,960 --> 00:19:24,080 a new technology arrived which would come to replace it. 329 00:19:24,120 --> 00:19:25,600 It's a bit ironic 330 00:19:25,640 --> 00:19:28,360 that by the time white Alice 331 00:19:28,400 --> 00:19:33,240 was becoming operational in 1957-1958 332 00:19:33,280 --> 00:19:36,640 sputnik was up in the sky. 333 00:19:38,360 --> 00:19:40,600 Satellite communications came in 334 00:19:40,640 --> 00:19:44,240 and that wound up being a much more reliable system 335 00:19:44,280 --> 00:19:46,920 that didn't depend on these remote installations 336 00:19:46,960 --> 00:19:50,640 of antennas you know, manned by these small groups of guys 337 00:19:50,680 --> 00:19:52,760 freezing their butts off on the tundra, 338 00:19:52,800 --> 00:19:54,200 you know for year in and year out. 339 00:20:00,160 --> 00:20:02,280 Was it successful? 340 00:20:02,320 --> 00:20:03,640 I think you'd have to say yes. 341 00:20:04,920 --> 00:20:07,000 Because it, it has allowed us to get 342 00:20:07,040 --> 00:20:08,960 to where we are today which is a lot. 343 00:20:12,720 --> 00:20:14,200 White Alice remained in use 344 00:20:14,240 --> 00:20:18,240 until the 1970s as a civilian phone network. 345 00:20:18,280 --> 00:20:21,160 And in some cases due to their security 346 00:20:21,200 --> 00:20:25,320 the military still uses tropos scattering networks even today. 347 00:20:31,560 --> 00:20:34,120 At the northern most limits of South Korea 348 00:20:34,160 --> 00:20:35,560 is a troubled region 349 00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:38,520 littered with the ruins of a conflicted past. 350 00:20:41,840 --> 00:20:43,360 The demilitarised zone 351 00:20:43,400 --> 00:20:49,200 between North Korea and South Korea is actively dangerous. 352 00:20:49,240 --> 00:20:52,680 This is not some historic relic, 353 00:20:52,720 --> 00:20:57,760 there is almost a war going on 354 00:20:57,800 --> 00:21:00,480 across this piece of ground today. 355 00:21:02,160 --> 00:21:06,040 From up on top of a hill you can see in to North Korea 356 00:21:06,080 --> 00:21:08,960 and this place is right in the shadow of that. 357 00:21:11,160 --> 00:21:14,000 Gutted and scared this shell of a structure 358 00:21:14,040 --> 00:21:16,720 has a clear story to tell. 359 00:21:16,760 --> 00:21:19,480 The building's not just derelict, it's been completely devastated. 360 00:21:19,520 --> 00:21:22,280 You can see that the only thing that's holding it in place 361 00:21:22,320 --> 00:21:24,440 is these modern reinforcement bars. 362 00:21:25,640 --> 00:21:30,080 This isn't a place that was slowly left to decay, 363 00:21:30,120 --> 00:21:32,960 it feels like this was a target. 364 00:21:41,800 --> 00:21:44,240 Just south of the demilitarised zone 365 00:21:44,280 --> 00:21:46,520 between north and South Korea 366 00:21:46,560 --> 00:21:49,960 a devastated structure dominates it's surroundings. 367 00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:52,400 Yet it appears to be out of place. 368 00:21:52,440 --> 00:21:54,480 Someone has taken 369 00:21:54,520 --> 00:21:58,160 some stalinist architecture 370 00:21:58,200 --> 00:22:03,440 and dropped it right here on the korean border 371 00:22:03,480 --> 00:22:06,600 and because of that stalinist architecture 372 00:22:06,640 --> 00:22:08,040 you can tell 373 00:22:08,080 --> 00:22:09,160 that this is 374 00:22:09,200 --> 00:22:14,400 a communist North Korean edifice. 375 00:22:14,440 --> 00:22:16,240 Why is it ruined? 376 00:22:16,280 --> 00:22:19,280 And why is it here in South Korea? 377 00:22:24,400 --> 00:22:26,840 Following years of Japanese occupation 378 00:22:26,880 --> 00:22:28,840 at the end of the second world war, 379 00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:32,160 authority over the korean peninsula was split in two. 380 00:22:33,400 --> 00:22:36,760 Military the Soviets grabbed the northern half 381 00:22:36,800 --> 00:22:40,720 and the Americans who were in the process 382 00:22:40,760 --> 00:22:44,960 of occupying Japan grabbed the southern half. 383 00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:48,200 They divided the country up on the 38th parallel, 384 00:22:48,240 --> 00:22:49,960 a line of latitude 385 00:22:50,000 --> 00:22:52,200 and this created a very crude 386 00:22:52,240 --> 00:22:54,160 north south border on the map. 387 00:22:56,040 --> 00:22:59,200 This building sits in the area of cheorwon. 388 00:22:59,240 --> 00:23:03,400 Positioned just 40 miles above that line of demarcation. 389 00:23:05,520 --> 00:23:08,720 Local resident mr Kim grew up in this area, 390 00:23:08,760 --> 00:23:11,080 his family having lived through the unrest 391 00:23:11,120 --> 00:23:13,560 that soon followed the construction of this building. 392 00:23:16,080 --> 00:23:17,080 (Speaks korean) 393 00:23:17,120 --> 00:23:19,016 Translation: "This is the labour party building, 394 00:23:19,040 --> 00:23:22,480 "it's actually the cheorwon county branch of the labour party. 395 00:23:23,960 --> 00:23:27,400 "When this area came under communist rule in 1946 396 00:23:27,440 --> 00:23:29,440 "this was built as the local headquarters 397 00:23:29,480 --> 00:23:30,840 "for the communist government." 398 00:23:33,200 --> 00:23:34,760 Dominating the area, 399 00:23:34,800 --> 00:23:37,560 this structure clearly set out the parties aim 400 00:23:37,600 --> 00:23:39,360 of commanding over the local people. 401 00:23:43,520 --> 00:23:45,800 "Now, this is a three storey building 402 00:23:45,840 --> 00:23:47,496 "while all the other buildings in the area 403 00:23:47,520 --> 00:23:49,760 "were single storey wooden structures. 404 00:23:54,960 --> 00:23:57,280 "And it sits on top of a high platform, 405 00:23:57,320 --> 00:23:59,840 "the building was actually built upon a raised level 406 00:23:59,880 --> 00:24:02,760 "so it must have looked very daunting for the locals here. 407 00:24:05,760 --> 00:24:09,200 "This building epitomised the authority of communism." 408 00:24:13,560 --> 00:24:15,160 But the north weren't only interested 409 00:24:15,200 --> 00:24:17,640 in ruling over the local population 410 00:24:17,680 --> 00:24:20,640 they had ambitious plans for this place. 411 00:24:21,840 --> 00:24:25,400 "Cheorwon was the largest city near to the 38th parallel 412 00:24:25,440 --> 00:24:27,960 "that's why they built the party headquarters here. 413 00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:30,720 "North Korea ruled the surrounding area from here 414 00:24:30,760 --> 00:24:32,120 "but they also used it to help 415 00:24:32,160 --> 00:24:33,960 "prepare for the attack on the south." 416 00:24:37,200 --> 00:24:38,280 Their ultimate aim 417 00:24:38,320 --> 00:24:41,360 was to take control of the entire korean peninsula. 418 00:24:43,920 --> 00:24:46,880 Cheorwon was an incredibly tense border town 419 00:24:46,920 --> 00:24:48,040 for the simple reason 420 00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:50,600 that it was a staging post for the North Korean troops 421 00:24:50,640 --> 00:24:55,440 so here there would have been massed a vast number of forces 422 00:24:55,480 --> 00:24:57,440 and that made this a very tense place. 423 00:24:58,800 --> 00:25:00,200 Backed by Stalin 424 00:25:00,240 --> 00:25:03,240 at the head of this North Korean communist regime 425 00:25:03,280 --> 00:25:04,960 was Kim El sun. 426 00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:09,160 Kim El sun tries to replicate 427 00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:12,400 Stalin's dictatorship in North Korea 428 00:25:12,440 --> 00:25:15,440 and that means that the North Korean dictatorship 429 00:25:15,480 --> 00:25:18,800 is centralised, is brutal 430 00:25:18,840 --> 00:25:22,480 and is ready to repress the individual 431 00:25:22,520 --> 00:25:27,040 in the interests of the state and the ruling party. 432 00:25:28,280 --> 00:25:30,120 With the arrival of Kim El sun 433 00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:32,600 who served in the Soviet army in the war 434 00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:34,000 things really began to change 435 00:25:34,040 --> 00:25:36,640 and the peninsula went on to effectively a war footing. 436 00:25:38,200 --> 00:25:40,520 For those living in cheorwon 437 00:25:40,560 --> 00:25:43,280 having the local party headquarters on their doorstep 438 00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:45,040 could be a terrifying prospect. 439 00:25:46,360 --> 00:25:49,000 And old rumours about what happened inside 440 00:25:49,040 --> 00:25:50,840 still persist to this day. 441 00:25:52,720 --> 00:25:56,400 "Back then for the people here this was a very mysterious place. 442 00:25:59,960 --> 00:26:02,480 "It's said that those people who opposed communism 443 00:26:02,520 --> 00:26:04,560 "or the rules of the land were dragged in here 444 00:26:04,600 --> 00:26:06,240 "to be tortured and killed. 445 00:26:09,320 --> 00:26:11,680 "But the problem we face looking at this today 446 00:26:11,720 --> 00:26:13,480 "is that the people who were responsible 447 00:26:13,520 --> 00:26:16,400 "for the atrocities here have all returned to the north. 448 00:26:19,440 --> 00:26:22,400 "And there are no records left to confirm these stories." 449 00:26:28,440 --> 00:26:30,280 Outside of this building 450 00:26:30,320 --> 00:26:32,680 Kim El sun soon saw an opportunity 451 00:26:32,720 --> 00:26:35,280 to assert his dominance over the whole peninsula. 452 00:26:38,080 --> 00:26:41,400 In 1950 on the 25th of June 453 00:26:41,440 --> 00:26:44,040 the North Korean army 454 00:26:44,080 --> 00:26:47,480 rolls across the 38th parallel 455 00:26:47,520 --> 00:26:51,720 knocks the South Korean army almost out of the way. 456 00:26:53,680 --> 00:26:56,320 The northerners blazed their way down the peninsula 457 00:26:56,360 --> 00:26:59,080 in the end cornering the southern forces 458 00:26:59,120 --> 00:27:01,240 in to just one small pocket. 459 00:27:02,920 --> 00:27:05,000 The South Korean army, 460 00:27:05,040 --> 00:27:09,680 the American occupation force they're all in one town, in... 461 00:27:09,720 --> 00:27:11,200 In the south. 462 00:27:11,240 --> 00:27:14,640 It looks like it's all over for South Korea. 463 00:27:15,960 --> 00:27:17,640 With their backs against the wall 464 00:27:17,680 --> 00:27:20,200 and a communist victory looking likely, 465 00:27:20,240 --> 00:27:23,320 us forces led by general mcarthur 466 00:27:23,360 --> 00:27:24,880 set about turning the tables 467 00:27:24,920 --> 00:27:28,440 with an invasion deep behind enemy lines. 468 00:27:28,480 --> 00:27:30,560 The other thing the United States does, 469 00:27:30,600 --> 00:27:35,440 the United States internationalises the korean war. 470 00:27:35,480 --> 00:27:38,360 The Americans get the UN to come in on the American 471 00:27:38,400 --> 00:27:40,360 and South Korean side 472 00:27:40,400 --> 00:27:45,840 and they undo the successful North Korean invasion of the south. 473 00:27:47,440 --> 00:27:50,240 Quickly southern forces regained control 474 00:27:50,280 --> 00:27:52,080 and moved rapidly north. 475 00:27:52,120 --> 00:27:55,000 Soon pushing past cheorwon 476 00:27:55,040 --> 00:27:58,640 but for those held prisoner here it was too late. 477 00:27:58,680 --> 00:28:02,160 Nearby the ruins of a water treatment facility 478 00:28:02,200 --> 00:28:03,560 now stand as a marker 479 00:28:03,600 --> 00:28:06,520 to how those individuals met a tragic end. 480 00:28:08,600 --> 00:28:10,000 (Speaks korean) 481 00:28:10,040 --> 00:28:11,256 Translation: "So, after the war the 482 00:28:11,280 --> 00:28:13,280 "bodies of many people were found here 483 00:28:13,320 --> 00:28:15,640 "and this has become a very harrowing place 484 00:28:15,680 --> 00:28:17,400 "in cheorwon. 485 00:28:17,440 --> 00:28:23,280 The North Korea leadership were very concerned 486 00:28:23,320 --> 00:28:24,640 that in their retreat 487 00:28:24,680 --> 00:28:27,160 they did not want enemies of the people 488 00:28:27,200 --> 00:28:29,480 as they called them to survive. 489 00:28:33,040 --> 00:28:36,440 "In cheorwon there are a lot of scars left from the war 490 00:28:36,480 --> 00:28:38,600 "but this is the place where numerous prisoners 491 00:28:38,640 --> 00:28:41,880 "and civilians were killed before the communist army were driven out 492 00:28:41,920 --> 00:28:43,400 "and fled the area. 493 00:28:47,920 --> 00:28:49,640 "This is a heart breaking place 494 00:28:49,680 --> 00:28:53,280 "which will never be forgotten by the people of cheorwon. 495 00:28:55,440 --> 00:28:57,400 The people they had been holding prisoner 496 00:28:57,440 --> 00:28:59,240 down in the building in town 497 00:28:59,280 --> 00:29:02,480 were bought to this other site where they were murdered. 498 00:29:03,720 --> 00:29:08,640 In total around 300 people were killed in this massacre. 499 00:29:10,200 --> 00:29:13,760 With the war raging on the destruction of cheorwon 500 00:29:13,800 --> 00:29:15,520 crept ever closer 501 00:29:15,560 --> 00:29:18,040 and as the largest structure in the area 502 00:29:18,080 --> 00:29:20,880 this building would soon become a key target. 503 00:29:22,320 --> 00:29:25,920 In 1950 as the southern forces advanced 504 00:29:25,960 --> 00:29:27,880 the old communist party headquarters 505 00:29:27,920 --> 00:29:30,520 became firmly fixed in the crosshairs. 506 00:29:30,560 --> 00:29:32,080 The violence of that time 507 00:29:32,120 --> 00:29:35,120 is clearly written all across what remains. 508 00:29:37,240 --> 00:29:39,960 "These marks are from the tracks of a us army tank 509 00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:41,920 "which came up here to destroy the building. 510 00:29:44,520 --> 00:29:46,680 "I think destroying the labour party building 511 00:29:46,720 --> 00:29:49,160 "was intended as a show of strength, 512 00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:52,160 "this was the local headquarters of the North Korean army 513 00:29:52,200 --> 00:29:53,440 "who were the enemy." 514 00:29:55,720 --> 00:29:57,400 While it remained standing 515 00:29:57,440 --> 00:29:59,840 this structure and the surrounding town 516 00:29:59,880 --> 00:30:02,200 was soon facing an end game, 517 00:30:02,240 --> 00:30:04,720 just a few months after taking the area, 518 00:30:04,760 --> 00:30:06,800 the southern forces were being pushed back 519 00:30:06,840 --> 00:30:08,680 out of cheorwon. 520 00:30:08,720 --> 00:30:11,120 The one thing that you can't allow 521 00:30:11,160 --> 00:30:14,760 is this politically important symbol 522 00:30:14,800 --> 00:30:17,320 to fall in to enemy hands. 523 00:30:17,360 --> 00:30:19,680 So, you burn the place to the ground, 524 00:30:19,720 --> 00:30:22,280 the whole town burns except for one thing. 525 00:30:22,320 --> 00:30:25,000 That building that looms over the town. 526 00:30:28,520 --> 00:30:31,520 In 1953, an armistice was signed 527 00:30:31,560 --> 00:30:33,400 ending the fighting 528 00:30:33,440 --> 00:30:35,440 and a new border was drawn up 529 00:30:35,480 --> 00:30:37,880 just a few miles to the north of this building. 530 00:30:43,720 --> 00:30:46,840 The ruins now serve as a reminder of the past 531 00:30:46,880 --> 00:30:49,080 and a symbol of hope for the future. 532 00:30:53,520 --> 00:30:55,880 "We must not forget what needs to be remembered. 533 00:30:58,320 --> 00:31:00,960 "Also it's a crucial task for the two Korea's 534 00:31:01,000 --> 00:31:05,080 "as one people to reunify and achieve prosperity together." 535 00:31:15,080 --> 00:31:17,000 In the northern Czech Republic 536 00:31:17,040 --> 00:31:19,640 just six miles from the German border, 537 00:31:19,680 --> 00:31:21,320 a rural scene hides 538 00:31:21,360 --> 00:31:22,680 a sordid history. 539 00:31:26,960 --> 00:31:29,520 Here is a lovely valley 540 00:31:29,560 --> 00:31:32,160 with well maintained woodlands, 541 00:31:32,200 --> 00:31:35,960 no doubt a clean stream running through it 542 00:31:36,000 --> 00:31:38,640 and pretty towns at suitable intervals. 543 00:31:38,680 --> 00:31:41,000 This is very much a Czech valley 544 00:31:41,040 --> 00:31:46,240 with all the signs of decades of happiness. 545 00:31:47,920 --> 00:31:51,440 A complex of empty buildings stands amongst the trees. 546 00:31:52,480 --> 00:31:54,720 Rooms take up entire floors 547 00:31:54,760 --> 00:31:57,040 and there are hundreds of metal columns 548 00:31:57,080 --> 00:31:58,800 keeping the ceilings up, 549 00:31:58,840 --> 00:32:01,480 something very heavy used to be kept on these floors. 550 00:32:02,520 --> 00:32:05,840 These were once grand efficient factories 551 00:32:05,880 --> 00:32:08,120 of some kind and, and now they're abandoned, 552 00:32:08,160 --> 00:32:10,000 they're over grown. 553 00:32:10,040 --> 00:32:13,400 Why would you build something this expensive 554 00:32:13,440 --> 00:32:14,720 and walk away from it? 555 00:32:16,080 --> 00:32:17,480 Behind the buildings 556 00:32:17,520 --> 00:32:18,720 are clues to a history 557 00:32:18,760 --> 00:32:20,720 that the locals would rather forget. 558 00:32:23,320 --> 00:32:25,320 You can see the remains of a camp 559 00:32:25,360 --> 00:32:27,680 and you can see a big chimney next to that camp 560 00:32:27,720 --> 00:32:29,720 and that's never going to be good news. 561 00:32:30,960 --> 00:32:33,520 And at the centre of it all is a gateway 562 00:32:33,560 --> 00:32:35,320 that guards a terrible secret. 563 00:32:36,400 --> 00:32:37,840 You arrive at this rock face 564 00:32:37,880 --> 00:32:40,600 and you see this huge metal door. 565 00:32:41,600 --> 00:32:45,000 Hiding something inside this rock face 566 00:32:45,040 --> 00:32:48,960 and you wonder well that looks like a lot of security. 567 00:32:50,520 --> 00:32:53,040 What happened in this remote outpost? 568 00:32:53,080 --> 00:32:55,600 And what is behind that big metal door? 569 00:33:01,920 --> 00:33:04,920 In the 19th century a building was put here 570 00:33:04,960 --> 00:33:07,320 to take advantage of a new wonder material. 571 00:33:09,360 --> 00:33:12,560 Petr joza has explored this site extensively. 572 00:33:15,120 --> 00:33:16,120 (Speaks foreign language) 573 00:33:16,160 --> 00:33:19,640 Translation: "We are in one of the halls of company frans pridall, 574 00:33:19,680 --> 00:33:22,080 "the building was constructed in 1867 575 00:33:22,120 --> 00:33:25,120 "as one of three in rabstejn valley to produce cotton. 576 00:33:29,600 --> 00:33:32,840 "In this building there were 16,000 spindles, 577 00:33:32,880 --> 00:33:36,800 "individual spinning machines stood in between these pillars, 578 00:33:36,840 --> 00:33:39,200 "it was one of the biggest factories in this area." 579 00:33:41,120 --> 00:33:43,680 This is rabstejn, janska 580 00:33:43,720 --> 00:33:47,280 a factory that produced cotton on an vast scale 581 00:33:47,320 --> 00:33:49,120 but this was more than a business, 582 00:33:49,160 --> 00:33:51,600 it was the bread basket of a community. 583 00:33:53,720 --> 00:33:56,240 "There were several generations working in this factory. 584 00:33:58,680 --> 00:34:01,760 "The factory was hugely beneficial for the local economy 585 00:34:01,800 --> 00:34:05,800 "because the company used the money they made to finance several things, 586 00:34:05,840 --> 00:34:07,840 "they had schools built in the area, 587 00:34:07,880 --> 00:34:09,440 "had a chapel restored 588 00:34:09,480 --> 00:34:12,360 "and that's all thanks to the profit from these factories." 589 00:34:16,040 --> 00:34:17,920 But the factories benign appearance 590 00:34:17,960 --> 00:34:21,440 is betrayed by an ominous feature within it's grounds. 591 00:34:22,880 --> 00:34:26,640 Then you see the big metal door. 592 00:34:26,680 --> 00:34:30,880 And you have to ask what did you build here? 593 00:34:32,160 --> 00:34:35,760 What are you trying to keep in the ground 594 00:34:35,800 --> 00:34:37,640 or what are you trying to keep out? 595 00:34:38,840 --> 00:34:41,080 Inside this building when you look closely 596 00:34:41,120 --> 00:34:42,440 you start to see clues 597 00:34:42,480 --> 00:34:44,120 that this place might not have been 598 00:34:44,160 --> 00:34:45,760 so friendly after all. 599 00:34:48,360 --> 00:34:51,960 Although the early 1900s saw business booming here, 600 00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:55,720 in 1929 the market collapsed. 601 00:34:55,760 --> 00:34:57,720 In the late 1920s 602 00:34:57,760 --> 00:34:59,280 a depression begins 603 00:34:59,320 --> 00:35:02,600 all across central and Eastern Europe 604 00:35:02,640 --> 00:35:06,600 which has devastating effects on manufacturing 605 00:35:06,640 --> 00:35:10,880 and, erm, on the economies of Eastern Europe in general. 606 00:35:10,920 --> 00:35:12,360 Hundreds of workers 607 00:35:12,400 --> 00:35:16,280 who relied on their jobs here for their livelihood, 608 00:35:16,320 --> 00:35:17,720 they're all out of work. 609 00:35:20,160 --> 00:35:23,280 The old factory is shut down 610 00:35:23,320 --> 00:35:26,120 and for over a decade the buildings lay dormant... 611 00:35:27,400 --> 00:35:31,720 But in 1942 the factory came under new management. 612 00:35:31,760 --> 00:35:32,960 The Nazi's. 613 00:35:34,040 --> 00:35:35,840 And the Germans had always looked 614 00:35:35,880 --> 00:35:38,120 kind of hungrily at bohemia. 615 00:35:38,160 --> 00:35:41,200 The Germans you know, first nibbled at that land 616 00:35:41,240 --> 00:35:44,200 and then they take all of czechoslovakia 617 00:35:44,240 --> 00:35:46,360 in the course of 1938, 1939. 618 00:35:48,440 --> 00:35:51,560 The Nazi's occupy rabstejn janska 619 00:35:51,600 --> 00:35:54,800 but they had a new plan for the old factory. 620 00:35:54,840 --> 00:35:58,360 Cotton production was low on the list of Nazi priorities. 621 00:35:58,400 --> 00:36:01,600 What they really needed more than anything was aircraft. 622 00:36:03,640 --> 00:36:05,080 Half a mile from the factory 623 00:36:05,120 --> 00:36:07,280 is what remains of the Nazi's strategy 624 00:36:07,320 --> 00:36:10,720 to massively expand their aircraft production. 625 00:36:10,760 --> 00:36:13,880 The German economy has to be kept going 626 00:36:13,920 --> 00:36:17,480 and the German war machine has to be supplied 627 00:36:17,520 --> 00:36:20,360 and one of the ways the Nazi's do this 628 00:36:20,400 --> 00:36:23,040 is by conscripting people in to labour. 629 00:36:24,480 --> 00:36:26,160 They constructed a labour camp. 630 00:36:29,680 --> 00:36:31,240 (Speaks foreign language) 631 00:36:31,280 --> 00:36:33,720 Translation: "We are at rabstejn concentration camp 632 00:36:33,760 --> 00:36:36,160 "which was established in 1944 633 00:36:36,200 --> 00:36:39,760 "for approximately 690 to 700 prisoners. 634 00:36:42,720 --> 00:36:44,800 "Because they couldn't find enough workers, 635 00:36:44,840 --> 00:36:46,120 "prisoners were bought here 636 00:36:46,160 --> 00:36:47,520 "and the buildings were surrounded 637 00:36:47,560 --> 00:36:49,600 "by barbed electric wire." 638 00:36:51,760 --> 00:36:54,400 By exploiting labour, 639 00:36:54,440 --> 00:37:00,160 by making slaves labour in their factories. 640 00:37:00,200 --> 00:37:04,720 The Nazi regime is based not only on military power 641 00:37:04,760 --> 00:37:10,080 and not only on their twisted idea of racial superiority 642 00:37:10,120 --> 00:37:13,360 it is also based on slavery. 643 00:37:14,800 --> 00:37:18,280 But those interned here were not all treated equally. 644 00:37:19,760 --> 00:37:23,240 "There was even a decree from ss-reichsfuhrer himmler 645 00:37:23,280 --> 00:37:24,600 "which clearly specified 646 00:37:24,640 --> 00:37:28,200 "what people of each nationality can and cannot get. 647 00:37:28,240 --> 00:37:31,120 "So, the Dutch who the Germans considered Aryan 648 00:37:31,160 --> 00:37:34,040 "and basically German were not guarded at all, 649 00:37:34,080 --> 00:37:37,560 "they were living privately, renting from private persons. 650 00:37:40,160 --> 00:37:43,440 "On the other hand the Poles, Russians and French 651 00:37:43,480 --> 00:37:44,960 "were doing poorly, 652 00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:46,360 "the French were relatively fine 653 00:37:46,400 --> 00:37:48,760 "because they were still considered Aryan 654 00:37:48,800 --> 00:37:54,200 "but the eastern nations were housed in camps behind barbed wire. 655 00:37:54,240 --> 00:37:56,800 "They could only eat what they were given in the camp, 656 00:37:56,840 --> 00:37:59,520 "they couldn't even pick an apple somewhere on the street 657 00:37:59,560 --> 00:38:01,240 "or they'd be strictly punished." 658 00:38:03,160 --> 00:38:04,720 The ultimate result 659 00:38:04,760 --> 00:38:07,200 that Hitler and the Nazi's want 660 00:38:07,240 --> 00:38:08,880 is for all of the people 661 00:38:08,920 --> 00:38:11,160 they consider subhuman 662 00:38:11,200 --> 00:38:16,040 to be first slaves and then dead slaves. 663 00:38:16,080 --> 00:38:20,080 Working conditions for Nazi slave labourers 664 00:38:20,120 --> 00:38:23,520 are designed to be able to get work out of them 665 00:38:23,560 --> 00:38:27,880 but ultimately they are going to be worked to death. 666 00:38:30,920 --> 00:38:32,080 Prisoners were marched 667 00:38:32,120 --> 00:38:34,240 from the camp to the factory and back 668 00:38:34,280 --> 00:38:37,200 in an unending brutal cycle 669 00:38:37,240 --> 00:38:39,360 but events hundreds of miles away 670 00:38:39,400 --> 00:38:41,720 would soon make life here even harder. 671 00:38:44,240 --> 00:38:49,080 Between the 20th and the 25th of February 1944 672 00:38:49,120 --> 00:38:52,760 the allies bombed the hell 673 00:38:52,800 --> 00:38:56,640 out of Nazi fighter plane production. 674 00:38:58,600 --> 00:39:01,800 "Germany definitely lost control over it's own airspace 675 00:39:01,840 --> 00:39:04,840 "so they established jagerstab. 676 00:39:04,880 --> 00:39:06,240 "It was a task force 677 00:39:06,280 --> 00:39:09,200 "designed to decentralise fighter aircraft production 678 00:39:09,240 --> 00:39:10,760 "and move it underground." 679 00:39:20,720 --> 00:39:23,000 The manpower required was huge. 680 00:39:24,640 --> 00:39:27,040 Digging those holes was nasty work, 681 00:39:27,080 --> 00:39:29,440 they used dynamite and pick axes. 682 00:39:29,480 --> 00:39:30,960 You wouldn't want that assignment. 683 00:39:33,600 --> 00:39:37,080 The Nazi's ordered four tunnels to be dug in to the rock face. 684 00:39:38,720 --> 00:39:42,800 They plast almost 83,000 square metres of space... 685 00:39:43,880 --> 00:39:45,560 Carved out of the rock 686 00:39:45,600 --> 00:39:48,720 underneath these old 19th century textile mills. 687 00:39:50,480 --> 00:39:54,040 They were so desperate to start production of these aircraft 688 00:39:54,080 --> 00:39:55,680 that they moved the machinery in 689 00:39:55,720 --> 00:39:59,200 before the prisoners had even finished digging the tunnels. 690 00:39:59,240 --> 00:40:01,880 The noise, the fumes, the lack of daylight 691 00:40:01,920 --> 00:40:04,680 it would have been like digging your own hell. 692 00:40:10,040 --> 00:40:12,640 "So, here we are at a shafts crossing 693 00:40:12,680 --> 00:40:15,960 "where during excavation part of the ceiling collapsed. 694 00:40:19,280 --> 00:40:21,880 "Three prisoners from the concentration camp died 695 00:40:21,920 --> 00:40:23,360 "when the ceiling fell on them." 696 00:40:27,640 --> 00:40:29,096 They were essentially worked to death 697 00:40:29,120 --> 00:40:30,680 in these underground factories. 698 00:40:32,360 --> 00:40:34,560 By January 1945, 699 00:40:34,600 --> 00:40:37,880 Germany was months away from losing the war. 700 00:40:37,920 --> 00:40:40,400 But the prisoners underground didn't know it. 701 00:40:41,800 --> 00:40:44,960 People kept working, suffering, dying, 702 00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:48,920 not just for an evil cause but for a lost cause. 703 00:40:48,960 --> 00:40:52,440 But just weeks before allied tanks rolled in to Berlin 704 00:40:52,480 --> 00:40:57,200 the prisoners at rabstejn janska got a glimmer of hope from above. 705 00:40:57,240 --> 00:41:00,960 The first news they have that the war is almost over 706 00:41:01,000 --> 00:41:03,400 and that they would probably survive the war 707 00:41:03,440 --> 00:41:05,200 is in march of 1945 708 00:41:05,240 --> 00:41:07,440 when a Soviet plane flies overhead 709 00:41:07,480 --> 00:41:09,520 and five paratroopers jump out 710 00:41:09,560 --> 00:41:11,720 and land without any German resistance. 711 00:41:11,760 --> 00:41:14,640 Then on the eight of may without warning 712 00:41:14,680 --> 00:41:18,400 or announcement the prison guards began to disappear. 713 00:41:18,440 --> 00:41:20,320 The first they knew 714 00:41:20,360 --> 00:41:23,440 that the Germans who were holding them captive... 715 00:41:24,720 --> 00:41:28,320 Had lost the war was when the German guards 716 00:41:28,360 --> 00:41:30,720 just didn't turn up for work that day. 717 00:41:30,760 --> 00:41:35,560 The army was on it's way to liberate them, 718 00:41:35,600 --> 00:41:38,840 the Nazi's had taken off to avoid being captured. 719 00:41:42,000 --> 00:41:43,656 Translation: "We're at the end of the shaft 720 00:41:43,680 --> 00:41:46,840 "where you can see rows of drilling for dynamite. 721 00:41:46,880 --> 00:41:50,320 "The demolition charges were placed in these and blasted. 722 00:41:50,360 --> 00:41:51,680 "They did not do it here 723 00:41:51,720 --> 00:41:54,040 "because this is the place where excavating stopped 724 00:41:54,080 --> 00:41:55,800 "at the end of world war two 725 00:41:55,840 --> 00:41:58,000 "because the second Polish army arrived 726 00:41:58,040 --> 00:41:59,816 "and the construction of the underground factory 727 00:41:59,840 --> 00:42:00,960 "was stopped. 728 00:42:02,280 --> 00:42:06,760 And all the labourers at rabstejn could do 729 00:42:06,800 --> 00:42:10,280 was put down their pickaxes 730 00:42:10,320 --> 00:42:12,680 and start trying to figure out how to get home. 731 00:42:20,240 --> 00:42:22,320 Today, the factory buildings 732 00:42:22,360 --> 00:42:24,200 have been reclaimed by the community. 733 00:42:26,440 --> 00:42:29,920 The camp and the tunnels stand as an important reminder 734 00:42:29,960 --> 00:42:31,920 of the brutality endured here. 735 00:42:40,160 --> 00:42:45,000 Abandoned, disintegrating, reclaimed by nature, 736 00:42:45,040 --> 00:42:48,440 structures once at the cutting edge 737 00:42:48,480 --> 00:42:50,880 bearing witness to the forces, 738 00:42:50,920 --> 00:42:55,600 pioneers and villains that define the world today. 739 00:42:55,640 --> 00:43:00,440 Emblems of a shared past still standing in our present. 740 00:43:03,920 --> 00:43:06,920 Captioned by ai-media ai-media. TV 59163

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